ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (July 2013-June 2018) MONGAR DZONGKHAG Eleventh Five Year Plan Document © Copyright Gross National Happiness Commission (2013) Published by: Gross National Happiness Commission, Royal Government of Bhutan. ISBN 978-99936-55-01-5 HIS MAJESTY THE KING JIGME KHESAR NAMGYEL WANGCHUCK Our Nation has seen great socio-economic growth but it is more important that we have growth with equity. We must raise, with all our effort, the less fortunate so that they may, at the earliest, begin to partake in the opportunities brought by modernization and progress. The government has provided education to our youth. But for the nation to prosper for all time, a sound education must be succeeded by access to the right jobs and responsibilities, so that our youth may bloom as individuals and at the same time serve their Nation well. The recent Rupee shortage is a serious problem. I feel it is a reminder that, as a Nation, we must exercise our traditional sense of caution and work even harder as we address the challenges of the time. For no matter what challenges lie ahead, it is only the Bhutanese citizen who can protect and safeguard Bhutan. - His Majesty The King’s address to the nation during the 105th National Day celebrations, 1 7th December 2012, in Thimphu. 2 Dzongkhag at a Glance Information ng r hu Sectors Drepong Dzongkhag Balam Chali Chaskar Dremetse Jurmey Gongdue Kengkha Mongar Narang Ngatshang Saleng Shermu Silambi Tsamang Tsakaling Thangrong Population and land use Population (Bhutan 21712 1162 1178 1611 1780 859 713 2134 880 2247 745 1148 1110 1340 1222 723 1118 1742 RNR Stats, 2012) Number of males 10447 554 535 751 900 422 297 1067 400 1079 395 587 520 640 676 305 497 822 Number of females 11265 608 642 860 880 437 416 1067 480 1168 350 561 590 700 546 418 621 920 Number of 5782 218 353 449 429 234 308 242 429 617 225 317 347 377 327 207 353 350 households Area (sq. km) 1760.7 27 72 51.2 79 54 55 187 100 77 49.91 71 479.5 304 163 144 72 69 Forest Cover 88.55 85.42 75.6 82.1 86.75 90.6 87.57 88.72 92.66 83.5 83.63 90.29 96.79 94.59 90.8 96.3 89.16 90.7 (Percentage) Agriculture RNR EC 17 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Farmer's 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cooperatives Irrigation schemes 66 3 6 2 6 2 0 2 0 4 4 10 12 11 0 1 3 0 (Number) Irrigation Schemes 159.5 11.5 21.5 9.5 17 8 0 10 0 7.5 10 18.5 10 23 0 2 11 0 (km) Health Hospital 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Basic Health Units 20 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 Out Reach Clinics 54 3 1 5 3 3 4 4 2 5 0 2 6 4 3 2 3 4 Sub post 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 Education Higher secondary 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 schools Middle secondary 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 schools Lower secondary 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 schools Primary schools 38 1 0 1 2 3 2 2 4 1 3 1 1 7 2 3 3 2 Extended 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 Classrooms Numbern-formal 124 6 2 7 8 4 8 11 7 19 6 6 14 5 5 5 2 9 Education Centers Number of NFE 1047 55 25 52 89 31 110 60 45 153 53 37 134 44 31 31 28 69 Learners Teacher Student 1:21 1:43 1:28 1:25 1:24 1:15 1:25 1:15 1:30 1:19 1:30 1:21 1:17 1:15 1:20 1:16 1:15 1:27 Ratio Local Governments Chiwogs 88 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 Villages 389 13 60 10 19 61 20 33 6 14 10 25 10 14 19 9 60 6 Female DT 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 members Female GT 11 0 1 1 1 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 members Community Centers 15 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 Electricity Households 4126 218 353 449 429 234 0 128 0 560 225 317 273 326 0 87 353 174 electrified Villages electrified 286 13 60 9 19 61 0 3 0 13 10 25 8 11 0 4 60 3 Water and Sanitation Households with 561 clean drinking water 218 353 449 429 234 208 242 400 617 225 317 347 337 327 207 353 350 3 supply Households with 4899 157 336 355 296 222 290 232 586 149 287 330 287 287 222 198 346 319 toilets/latrines Communications Villages with mobile 337 13 60 10 19 61 20 33 6 14 10 25 10 14 19 9 60 6 network Suspension Bridges 30 1 1 1 0 0 1 5 1 1 1 0 3 5 5 3 1 1 Road network (km) GC Road (Kms) 225.5 13 7.5 12 18 20 - 23 28 0 31 0 0 17 - 17 10 32 Farm Road (Kms) 545.4 26.1 22.3 43.5 27.9 51 12 23.5 28.8 61.72 10.25 33.8 41.4 42.8 35 46.6 21.5 17 Religion and Culture Government owned 11 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 lhakhangs Community owned 77 2 3 8 4 2 1 6 7 16 2 7 9 1 6 7 4 7 lhakhangs Privately owned 104 5 6 1 0 5 10 3 4 4 1 1 2 27 2 0 13 5 lhakhangs 3 Introduction The bottom-up Gewog-based planning process, as per the decentralized planning framework, was introduced in the Ninth Plan. Since then, the local governments have been formulating their Five Year Plans based on the development priorities identified by the communities at the Gewog level. The introduction of the Gewog-based planning process was followed by “fiscal decentralization” in the Tenth Plan. The allocation of annual grants to local governments based on the resource allocation formula that took into account principles of equity, transparency and objectivity was launched. The new system of allocating resources to the local governments provided greater predictability and offered higher flexibility in prioritization and programming of activities. The devolution of authority has enhanced capacities of the local governments in planning, prioritization and fiscal management. Further, to bring clarity on the roles of various levels of the government in the delivery of public services at the local level and to facilitate the distribution of resources between the centre and the local governments, the division of responsibilities framework was developed in 2012. The division of responsibilities framework1 , clearly delineates responsibilities among the central agencies, Class “A” Thromde, Dzongkhags and Gewogs guided by the ‘principle of subsidiarity’. The ‘principle of subsidiarity’ is that provision of public goods and services should take place at the lowest level of the government and that the centre should be involved only when the lower levels of the government cannot provide the goods and services efficiently. The division of responsibility framework will be reviewed during the Eleventh Plan mainly to assess the capacity of the local governments to shoulder increased responsibilities and to build their capacities accordingly. In addition to the broad based socio-economic development activities, targeted poverty intervention programmes such as the Rural Economy Advancement Programme (REAP) and the National Rehabilitation Programme (NRP) were initiated in the Tenth Plan to accelerate poverty reduction and address disparities at the local level. Accordingly, 13 poorest villages2 were supported through REAP I and around 109 villages have been identified for implementation under REAP II in the Eleventh Plan. 1 Refer www.gnhc.gov.bt/guidelines-local-government/ 2Thangdokha, Dramekha and Ngatsena - Haa, Sanu Dungtoe - Samtse, Mandokha & Choleykha - Chukha, Lopokha - Wangdue Phodrang, Lauri - Samdrup Jongkhar, Ungar - Lhuentse, Samcholing - Trongsa, Reti - Sarpang, Lamtang - Zhemgang, Pam & Chaibi - Mongar. Under the NRP, 44 households in Khenadrang, Pemagatshel were rehabilitated. While the rehabilitation at Nye, Lhuentshe (55 households); Bebji, Haa (83 households); Borangmo, Pemagatshel (51 households) and Dawathang, Samdrup Jongkhar (31 households) are ongoing, the planning and feasibility study for Tanzama, Pemagatshel and Serzhong, Tsirang respectively have been initiated under the programme. Efforts are also underway to identify other communities for rehabilitation given that this programme benefits not only the beneficiary communities but also the government through avoidance of the higher costs associated with provision of pubic goods and services for reaching the unreached. 3.1 Planning Process The local government plans were formulated based on the Local Government Act 2009, the Eleventh Plan preparation guidelines, the Local Development Planning Manual, the Thromde Structural Plans, the Local Area Plans (LAPs) and the indicative five year resource envelope.