DOCSLIB.ORG

Thesis Focussed on the Migration of Children Affected by AIDS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thesis Focussed on the Migration of Children Affected by AIDS UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Grandparents as parents: Skipped-generation households coping with poverty and HIV in rural Zambia Reijer, D.B.J. Publication date 2013 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Reijer, D. B. J. (2013). Grandparents as parents: Skipped-generation households coping with poverty and HIV in rural Zambia. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:07 Oct 2021 Daniël Reijer African Studies Collection 52 Grandparents as Grandparents as parents Grandparents Grandparents as parents: parents: Skipped- Over the last three decades the HIV epidemic has generation house- touched the life of every Zambian in some way. Skipped-generation Many young parents have died, leaving their children in the care of grandparents. This research is based on 14 months of holds coping with qualitative and quantitative data collection, guided by an ecological poverty and HIV in perspective on child development, in Misangwa, a small rural community in households coping the Zambian Copperbelt Province. The focus is on so-called skipped-generation households, which are households where the younger generation and their older rural Zambia guardian(s), mostly grandparents, live together without any members of the middle generation. As families tried to cope with the impacts of HIV, including the with poverty and HIV increasing numbers of orphans and vulnerable children, they were forced to find new ways of caring, including new types of households. One of the most prevalent solutions currently seen in Zambia is indeed the skipped-generation household. These households face high levels of poverty, securing livelihoods is difficult, and in rural Zambia depression is common among members of the older generation. The aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the changing dependency Daniël Reijer between orphans and other vulnerable children and their older caregivers. Daniël Reijer obtained his master’s degree in human geography of developing countries at Radboud University in Nijmegen. His thesis focussed on the migration of children affected by AIDS. He has worked in the field of HIV since 2002. Daniël Reijer www.ascleiden.nl 52 African Studies Centre African Studies Centre African Studies Collection 52 198093-os-ASC.indd 1 27-8-13 14:12 Grandparents as parents Grandparents as parents: Skipped-generation households coping with poverty and HIV in rural Zambia ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. D.C. van den Boom ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Agnietenkapel op donderdag 3 oktober 2013, te 10:00 uur door Daniël Berend Jan Reijer geboren te Kerkrade Promotiecommissie Promotores: Prof. Dr. J.D.M. van der Geest Prof. Dr. R. Reis Overige Leden: Dr. J-B. Gewald Prof. Dr. A.P. Hardon Dr. M. Boele van Hensbroek Dr. T. van Naerssen Prof. Dr. R.C. Pool Faculteit der Maatschappij- en Gedragswetenschappen Africa Studies Centre Africa Studies Collection, vol. 52 Grandparents as parents Skipped-generation households coping with poverty and HIV in rural Zambia Daniël Reijer This study was supported by the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs through the IS-Academy programme on HIV/AIDS at the Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research of the University of Amsterdam. Published by: African Studies Centre P.O. Box 9555 2300 RB Leiden The Netherlands [email protected] http://www.ascleiden.nl Cover design: Heike Slingerland Cover photograph by Daniël Reijer: Two boys fishing in the Kafue River. Fishing is an important source of food and income for many respondents; it also was a good opportunity to speak to children and to gain access to their families when the catch could be shared. Printed by Ipskamp Drukkers, Enschede ISSN: 1876-018x ISBN: 978-90-5448-131-7 © Daniël Reijer, 2013 Contents List of figures viii List of tables x Abbreviations xii Acknowledgements xiii 1. QUESTIONS ABOUT CHILDREN , OLDER PEOPLE AND HIV IN ZAMBIA 1 Introduction 1 Research rationale 2 Background of this research 4 Three decades of HIV 6 HIV and the changing prospects for children 9 Growing old in HIV affected families 14 Moving forward together: Skipped-generation households 17 Research questions 18 2. DOING AND THINKING RESEARCH 21 Introduction 21 Definitions of concepts 21 Theoretical framework: Contextualising well-being and development 36 Fieldwork location 49 Research background 51 Research tools 54 Organisation of this book 58 3. HOW LIFE CHANGED IN MISANGWA BETWEEN 2001 AND 2009 61 Introduction 61 Changes I saw in Misangwa between 2001 and 2008 62 Results from household surveys (2001 and 2009) 64 Discussion 84 v 4. THREE HOUSEHOLDS , THREE STORIES 89 Introduction 89 Bana Ebenah’s household 89 Ba Thomson’s household 95 Bana Marjory’s household 100 Discussion 105 5. SIXTY -FIVE HOUSEHOLDS : THE LARGER PICTURE 109 Introduction 109 Overview of the households 109 Characteristics of the older generation 114 Characteristics of the younger generation 118 Implications of the characteristics of households and their members 123 Discussion 128 6. GRANDPARENTS AS PARENTS ? 133 Introduction 133 Expectations of others and expectations of oneself 136 Life histories 137 Three levels of experience 151 What explains apparent variations? 159 Discussion 165 7. CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE ’S STORIES 171 Introduction 171 Children and young people’s life histories 172 Children and young people’s microsystems 178 Mesosystems that hardly exist 197 Discussion 206 8. CONCLUSION : CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE , OLDER PEOPLE AND HIV IN ZAMBIA 215 Introduction 215 General conclusions at the household level 216 Conclusions related to the older generation 219 Conclusions concerning the younger generation 222 Conclusions and the theoretical framework 227 The future of skipped-generation households 234 Recommendations 236 vi References 243 Appendix 1: Description of household survey sampling 253 Appendix 2: List of interviewees 256 Summary 259 vii List of figures 1.1 Estimated adult (15 to 49 years) HIV prevalence rate, Zambia, 1990 to 2011 8 1.2 The increasing importance of grandparents: Relationships of double orphans and single orphans (not living with surviving parent) to the head of the household, Namibia, 1992 and 2000 16 2.1 Map of Zambia, showing population density by province, including the Copperbelt province 49 2.2 Sketch of the area of Misangwa 50 3.1 Materials used for walls and roofing of housing (2001 and 2009) 66 3.2 Population pyramids of the population covered in the 2001 and 2009 household surveys 69 3.3 The population chimney: Projected population structure for Botswana in 2020, with and without AIDS 71 3.4 Population size with and without AIDS, South Africa, 2000 and 2025 72 3.5 Declining HIV-related mortality in Zambia between 1990 and 2011 73 3.6 Pie charts on the incidence and nature of orphanhood in 2001 and 2009 77 3.7 Heads of households where OVCs live in 2001 and 2009 81 4.1 Make-up of Ba and Bana Thomson’s household in 2009 96 4.2 Family tree of Bana Marjory’s household 102 5.1 Wealth ranking of skipped-generation households (n=65) and all other households included in the 2009 household survey (n=180) 113 5.2 Proportion of heads of skipped-generation households, by age categories 116 5.3 Highest levels of education attained by heads of skipped-generation households (n=65) 117 5.4 Distribution of the population aged 60 to 64 and 65 and over, by sex, and by the highest level of schooling attended or completed, Zambia 2007 118 5.5 Proportion of members of the younger generation, by age categories 119 6.1 Issues that emerged from the life histories (text size corresponds with the number of respondents who mentioned the issue) 138 7.1 Personal and shared microsystem settings and actors for a granddaughter (12 years) and her grandfather (74 years) living in a skipped-generation household 199 7.2 Microsystem settings and actors, and mesosystem linkages, around Maxwell 202 viii 7.3 Intergenerational transfers and the transactional model of child development: Two hypothetical examples of farming knowledge passed down (or not) by parents 209 7.4 Intergenerational transfers and the transactional model of child development: Two hypothetical examples of the influence (or lack thereof) of interactions with neighbours 210 ix List of tables 2.1 Overview of FGDs conducted 56 2.2 Respondents of in-depth interviews 57 3.1 Basic survey description for the 2001 and 2009 household surveys 65 3.2 Results of socio-economic profiling of households in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger a Dissertation Submitted
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Rhythms of Value: Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology by Eric James Schmidt 2018 © Copyright by Eric James Schmidt 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Rhythms of Value: Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger by Eric James Schmidt Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor Timothy D. Taylor, Chair This dissertation examines how Tuareg people in Niger use music to reckon with their increasing but incomplete entanglement in global neoliberal capitalism. I argue that a variety of social actors—Tuareg musicians, fans, festival organizers, and government officials, as well as music producers from Europe and North America—have come to regard Tuareg music as a resource by which to realize economic, political, and other social ambitions. Such treatment of culture-as-resource is intimately linked to the global expansion of neoliberal capitalism, which has led individual and collective subjects around the world to take on a more entrepreneurial nature by exploiting representations of their identities for a variety of ends. While Tuareg collective identity has strongly been tied to an economy of pastoralism and caravan trade, the contemporary moment demands a reimagining of what it means to be, and to survive as, Tuareg. Since the 1970s, cycles of drought, entrenched poverty, and periodic conflicts have pushed more and more Tuaregs to pursue wage labor in cities across northwestern Africa or to work as trans- ii Saharan smugglers; meanwhile, tourism expanded from the 1980s into one of the region’s biggest industries by drawing on pastoralist skills while capitalizing on strategic essentialisms of Tuareg culture and identity.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Ewe Unification Movement in the United States
    HOME AWAY FROM HOME: A STUDY OF THE EWE UNIFICATION MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES BY DJIFA KOTHOR THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in African Studies in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012 Urbana, Illinois Master’s Committee: Professor Faranak Miraftab, Chair Professor Kathryn Oberdeck Professor Alfred Kagan ABSTRACT This master’s thesis attempts to identity the reasons and causes for strong Ewe identity among those in the contemporary African Diaspora in the United States. An important debate among African nationalists and academics argues that ethnic belonging is a response to colonialism instigated by Western-educated African elites for their own political gain. Based on my observation of Ewe political discourses of discontent with the Ghana and Togolese governments, and through my exploratory interviews with Ewe immigrants in the United States; I argue that the formation of ethnic belonging and consciousness cannot be reduced to its explanation as a colonial project. Ewe politics whether in the diaspora, Ghana or Togo is due to two factors: the Ewe ethnonational consciousness in the period before independence; and the political marginalization of Ewes in the post-independence period of Ghana and Togo. Moreover, within the United States discrimination and racial prejudice against African Americans contribute to Ewe ethnic consciousness beyond their Togo or Ghana formal national belongings towards the formation of the Ewe associations in the United States. To understand the strong sense of Ewe identity among those living in the United States, I focus on the historical questions of ethnicity, regionalism and politics in Ghana and Togo.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1 Vernacular Names
    Appendix 1 Vernacular Names The vernacular names listed below have been collected from the literature. Few have phonetic spellings. Spelling is not helped by the difficulties of transcribing unwritten languages into European syllables and Roman script. Some languages have several names for the same species. Further complications arise from the various dialects and corruptions within a language, and use of names borrowed from other languages. Where the people are bilingual the person recording the name may fail to check which language it comes from. For example, in northern Sahel where Arabic is the lingua franca, the recorded names, supposedly Arabic, include a number from local languages. Sometimes the same name may be used for several species. For example, kiri is the Susu name for both Adansonia digitata and Drypetes afzelii. There is nothing unusual about such complications. For example, Grigson (1955) cites 52 English synonyms for the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in the British Isles, and also mentions several examples of the same vernacular name applying to different species. Even Theophrastus in c. 300 BC complained that there were three plants called strykhnos, which were edible, soporific or hallucinogenic (Hort 1916). Languages and history are linked and it is hoped that understanding how lan- guages spread will lead to the discovery of the historical origins of some of the vernacular names for the baobab. The classification followed here is that of Gordon (2005) updated and edited by Blench (2005, personal communication). Alternative family names are shown in square brackets, dialects in parenthesis. Superscript Arabic numbers refer to references to the vernacular names; Roman numbers refer to further information in Section 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Systèmes De Pensée En Afrique Noire, 9 | 1989, « Le Deuil Et Ses Rites I » [En Ligne], Mis En Ligne Le 16 Août 2012, Consulté Le 07 Août 2021
    Systèmes de pensée en Afrique noire 9 | 1989 Le deuil et ses rites I Danouta Liberski (dir.) Édition électronique URL : https://journals.openedition.org/span/637 DOI : 10.4000/span.637 ISSN : 2268-1558 Éditeur École pratique des hautes études. Sciences humaines Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 novembre 1989 ISSN : 0294-7080 Référence électronique Danouta Liberski (dir.), Systèmes de pensée en Afrique noire, 9 | 1989, « Le deuil et ses rites I » [En ligne], mis en ligne le 16 août 2012, consulté le 07 août 2021. URL : https://journals.openedition.org/span/ 637 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/span.637 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 7 août 2021. © École pratique des hautes études 1 Ce cahier se propose de revenir sur ce que S. Freud ou R. Hertz avaient conceptualisé sous l'expression "travail de deuil", en l'appliquant aux matériaux africains. Hertz proposait une mise en perspective des rites funéraires à partir de trois lieux d'interrogation simultanés: le traitement de la dépouille, celui de l'âme du mort et celui des survivants. Ici, nous prêtons en particulier attention à ce qui, dans les cérémonies funéraires, est montré d'une déconstruction progressive d e l'image du défunt, en tant que cette image appartient par toutes sortes de liens à la mémoire des vivants. NOTE DE LA RÉDACTION Le tirage de 610 exemplaires du numéro 9 est épuisé. La diffusion de ce tirage: 77 % en ventes, 10 % en échanges et 13 % à titre gratuit (dépôt légal, auteurs, etc.). Systèmes de pensée en Afrique noire, 9 | 1989 2 SOMMAIRE Présentation Danouta Liberski Le soupçon Christine Henry Les voies de la rupture : veuves et orphelins face aux tâches du deuil dans le rituel funéraire bobo (Burkina Faso) (première partie) Guy Le Moal Le mort circoncis.
    [Show full text]
  • And Audiovisual Archives Internationale Vereinigung Der Schall
    and Audiovisual Archives Internationale Vereinigung der Schall- und audiovisuellen Archive Association Internationale d' Archives Sonores et Audiovisuelles Asociacion Internacional de Archivos Sonoros y Audiovisuales iasa journal • Journal of the International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives IASA • Journal de l'Association Internationale d'Archives Sonores et Audiovisuelles IASA • Zeitschrift der Internationalen Vereinigung der Schall- und audiovisuellen Archive IASA • EI Journal de Asociaci6n Internacional de Archivos Sonoros y Audiovisuales Editor: lise Assmann, The South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) Sound Archives, POBox 93 I ,2006 Auckland Park, South Africa. Fax + 27 (0 I I) 7144281-eMaii [email protected] Language Editor: Dorothy van Tonder, SABC The IASA Journal is published twice a year and is sent to all the members of IASA. Applications for membership of IASA should be sent to the Secretary General (see list of officers below). The annual dues are €40 for individual members and € 158 for institutional members. Back copies of the IASA Journal from 1971 are available on application. Subscriptions to the current year's issues of the IASA Journal are also available to non-members at a cost of €70. Le IASA Journal est pub lie deux fois I'an et distribue a tous les membres de l'association.Veuillez envoyer vos demandes d'adhesion au secretaire dont vous trouverez "adresse ci-dessous. Les cotisations annuelles se montent actuellement it €40 pour les membres individuels et € 158 pour les membres institution nels. Les anciens numeros (it partir de 1971 ) du IASA Journal sont disponibles sur demande. Ceux qui ne sont pas membres de I 'Association peuvent s'abonner au IASA Journal pour I 'an nee en cours au coGt de €70.
    [Show full text]
  • Do We Need Tone Features? G.N
    Do we need tone features? G.N. Clements, Alexis Michaud, Cédric Patin To cite this version: G.N. Clements, Alexis Michaud, Cédric Patin. Do we need tone features?. Hume, Elizabeth; Gold- smith, John; Wetzels, Leo. Tones and Features, De Gruyter Mouton, pp.3-24, 2011. halshs-00456364 HAL Id: halshs-00456364 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00456364 Submitted on 16 Feb 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Do we need tone features? Nick Clements, LPP (CNRS/Université Paris 3) Alexis Michaud, LACITO (CNRS/Université Paris 3) Cédric Patin, LLF (CNRS/Université Paris 7) Abstract. In the earliest work on tone languages, tones were treated as atomic units: High, Mid, Low, High Rising, etc. Universal tone features were introduced into phonological theory by Wang 1967 by analogy to the universal features commonly used in segmental phonology. The implicit claim was that features served the same functions in tonal phonology as in segmental phonology. However, with the advent of autosegmental phonology (Goldsmith 1976), much of the original motivation for tone features disappeared. Contour tones in many languages were reanalyzed as sequences of simple level tones, calling into question the need for tonal features such as [±falling].
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins and Brief History of the Ewe People
    THE ORIGINS AND BRIEF HISTORY OF THE EWE PEOPLE Narrated By Dr. A. Kobla Dotse© Published in 2011 ©XXXX Publications Disclaimer The material we present here is provided to you mainly for educational and information purposes only. This information is not intended to be a substitute for a true history book on Ewes. Please consult any book on Ewes, your historian or any appropriate history book dealing with Ewes for deeper understanding of Ewes and their history. Publications, websites and the author shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss, damage, sickness or injury caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in this article and a subsequent book to be published. Ewe Country Boundaries The boundaries of the new African nations are those of the old British, Belgian, French, German, and Portuguese colonies. They are essentially artificial in the sense that some of them do not correspond with any well-marked ethnic divisions. Because of this the Ewes, like some other ethnic groups, have remained fragmented under the three different flags, just as they were divided among the three colonial powers after the Berlin Conference of 1844 that partitioned Africa. A portion of the Ewes went to Britain, another to Germany, and a small section in Benin (Dahomey) went to France. After World War I, the League of Nations gave the Germans- occupied areas to Britain and France as mandated territories. Those who were under the British are now the Ghanaian Ewes, those under the French are Togo, and Benin (Dahomey) Ewes, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • EMERGENT MASCULINITIES: the GENDERED STRUGGLE for POWER in SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA, 1850-1920 by Leonard Ndubueze Mbah a DISSERTAT
    EMERGENT MASCULINITIES: THE GENDERED STRUGGLE FOR POWER IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA, 1850-1920 By Leonard Ndubueze Mbah A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of History – Doctor of Philosophy 2013 ABSTRACT EMERGENT MASCULINITIES: THE GENDERED STRUGGLE FOR POWER IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA, 1850-1920 By Leonard Ndubueze Mbah This dissertation uses oral history, written sources, and emic interpretations of material culture and rituals to explore the impact of changes in gender constructions on the historical processes of socio-political transformation among the Ohafia-Igbo of southeastern Nigeria between 1850 and 1920. Centering Ohafia-Igbo men and women as innovative historical actors, this dissertation examines the gendered impact of Ohafia-Igbo engagements with the Atlantic and domestic slave trade, legitimate commerce, British colonialism, Scottish Christian missionary evangelism, and Western education in the 19th and 20th centuries. It argues that the struggles for social mobility, economic and political power between and among men and women shaped dynamic constructions of gender identities in this West African society, and defined changes in lineage ideologies, and the borrowing and adaptation of new political institutions. It concludes that competitive performances of masculinity and political power by Ohafia men and women underlines the dramatic shift from a pre-colonial period characterized by female bread- winners and more powerful and effective female socio-political institutions, to a colonial period of male socio-political domination in southeastern Nigeria. DEDICATION To the memory of my father, late Chief Ndubueze C. Mbah, my mother, Mrs. Janet Mbah, my teachers and Ohafia-Igbo men and women, whose forbearance made this study a reality.
    [Show full text]
  • Afryka Północna: Czynniki Zmiany Kulturowej
    Polskie Towarzystwo Afrykanistyczne Tom I Warszawa 2009 Publikacja dotowana przez Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego Projekt okładki Barbara Kuropiejska-Przybyszewska Redakcja Zofia Boroś Skład i łamanie OFI [email protected] © Copyright by Jacek Jan Pawlik, Małgorzata Szupejko © Copyright by Oficyna Wydawnicza ASPRA-JR, Warszawa 2009 Wszelkie prawa zastrze¿one. Ka¿da reprodukcja lub adaptacja ca³oœci b¹dŸ czêœci niniejszej publikacji, niezale¿nie od zastosowanej techniki reprodukcji (drukarskiej, fotograficznej, komputerowej i in.), wymaga pisemnej zgody Autorów i Wydawcy. Wydawca Oficyna Wydawnicza ASPRA-JR 03-982 Warszawa, ul. Dedala 8/44 tel. 0 602 247 367, fax (0-22) 615 34 21 ISBN 978-75-45-011-8 Spis treści Wstęp . 11 Część I: Lekcja z przeszłości Małgorzata Grzesiewicz-Sałacińska Kongo z lat 1930–1938 we wspomnieniach i fotografiach Witolda Grzesiewicza (1900–1987) i Kazimierza Zagórskiego (1883–1944) . 23 Kinga Lendzion Historia działalności społecznej Kościoła na Madagaskarze . 37 Karol Myśliwiec 70 lat polskiej archeologii w Afryce . 51 Bronisław Kazimierz Nowak Niewolnictwo na Wyspie Św. Heleny w XVI–XVII wieku . 61 Hanna Rubinkowska Etiopskie źródła do historii Etiopii pierwszej połowy XX wieku – kształtowanie się współczesnej historiografii . 73 Część II: Wierzenia i rytuały religijne Lucjan Buchalik Doroczne święto Apilan-donda jako ilustracja mitu etiologicznego Kurumbów (Burkina Faso) . 85 Laura Łykowska Etiopskie pielgrzymowanie: Debre Libanos i Zeqwala Abbo w świetle obserwacji socjologicznych i etnologicznych . 97 Jacek Jan Pawlik Rola sztuki w afrykańskim kulcie przodków . 107 Grzegorz Wita Aszancka koncepcja opatrzności Istoty Najwyższej . 119 6 Spis treści Henryk Zimoń Społeczny wymiar rytuałów pogrzebowych u ludu Konkomba z północnej Ghany . 133 Część III: Afrykańska sztuka i jej kolekcje Jolanta Koziorowska Kolekcja sztuki Czokwe w zbiorach Państwowego Muzeum Etnograficznego w Warszawie .
    [Show full text]
  • Égwú Ŕmŕlŕ: Women in Traditional Performing
    ÉGWÚ ÀMÀLÀ: WOMEN IN TRADITIONAL PERFORMING ARTS IN OGBARULAND by Marie Agatha Ozah B.A., Pontificio Istituto Di Musica Sacra, 1993 L.M., Pontificio Istituto Di Musica Sacra, 1994 M.A., Pontificio Istituto Di Musica Sacra, 1997 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Arts and Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2008 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Marie Agatha Ozah It was defended on March 21, 2008 and approved by Dr. Mary S. Lewis, PhD, Professor of Music Dr. Nathan T. Davis, PhD, Professor of Music Dr. Leonard Plotnicov, PhD, Professor of Anthropology Dissertation Co-Chair: Dr. Kofi V. Agawu, PhD, Professor of Music Dissertation Chair: Dr. Olatunji Akin Euba, PhD, Andrew Mellon Professor of Music ii © Marie Agatha Ozah 2008 iii ÉGWÚ ÀMÀLÀ: WOMEN IN TRADITIONAL PERFORMING ARTS IN OGBARULAND Marie Agatha Ozah, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2008 Within the complex dynamics of gender relationships and roles among African peoples, women often exercise power through song and dance. Such is the case among the women of Ogbaruland in southern Nigeria who, in their performance of the dance drama Égwú Àmàlà, act as custodians of knowledge and tradition and as transmitters of culture. Apart from being a repository of information about artistic traditions, the genre also documents and enacts the history and culture of the Ogbaru people. Égwú Àmàlà, which is the subject of my dissertation, is the most popular of all Ogbaru women dance genres. The term Égwú Àmàlà literally means “paddle dance” or “paddle drama,” but it is often referred to as the “mermaid dance” or égwú mmili, that is, “water dance” because of its ritualistic associations with Onye-mmili, the water divinity.
    [Show full text]
  • Child Marriage, Adolescent Pregnancy and Family Formation in West and Central Africa
    Child marriage, Adolescent pregnancy and Family formation in West and Central Africa Patterns, trends and drivers of change Copyright © UNICEF 2015, all rights reserved. The UNICEF West and Central Africa Regional Office (WCARO) contracted this study in order to contribute to the evidence base on child marriage and adolescent pregnancy in West and Central Africa that is currently rather weak. The analysis and recommendations of this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Children’s Fund. While making the study available to partners, UNICEF is examining how the findings of the study can serve to strengthen programming efforts by UNICEF in support to governments and civil society partners to improve the situation of children, especially adolescent girls. For requests and any other information on this report, please contact: UNICEF West and Central Africa Regional Office Dakar, Senegal [email protected] http://www.unicef.org/wcaro/english/ Child marriage, Adolescent pregnancy and Family formation in West and Central Africa Natacha Stevanovic Fenn Jeffrey Edmeades Hannah Lantos Odinaka Onovo Patterns, trends and drivers of change Contents Executive summary 7 PART 1. Introducing the research 10 1. About the research 10 2. Defining child marriage and adolescent pregnancy 12 3. Structure of the report 13 PART 2. Contextualizing child marriage and adolescent pregnancy in the 14 family system: Cultural norms and traditions in West and Central Africa 1. Region profile: The West and Central African (WCA) context 14 2. The institutional dimension of the family and marriage in the region 17 2.1. Family patterns in West and Central Africa 17 2.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections Are We Global Yet? Africa and the Future of Early Modern Studies Wendy Laura Belcher
    Reflections Are We Global Yet? Africa and the Future of Early Modern Studies Wendy Laura Belcher Wendy Laura Belcher is Professor of African literature with a joint appoint- ment in the Princeton University Department of Comparative Literature and the Department for African American Studies. Abstract For the past twenty years, early modern scholars have called for more scholarly attention to people and places outside of Europe. An impressive increase in literary research on non-European texts has resulted, and I describe positive aspects of this trend, using the MLA International Bibliography database. However, research on African-language literatures has declined since 2003 or has continued to flatline at nothing. A radical antiracist solution is needed, for no field can succeed with Africa as a lacuna. I call on all early modern scholars, regardless of their language knowledge, to cite at least one early modern African- language text in their next publication. I describe five such in this article, a tiny sample of the thousands of written texts that Black Africans across the continent composed in African languages before 1830. Asking early modern scholars to embrace the uncomfortable practice of “token citation” will enable these texts to circulate in the realm of knowledge and further efforts to diversify and broaden the field. A little over fifteen years ago, Felicity A. Nussbaum published her ground-breaking edited volume The Global Eighteenth Century.1 In its essays, scholars ventured beyond the usual bounds of eighteenth-century studies to detail European encounters with and reception of Indigenous African, Asian, American, and Pacific cultures. In the introduction, Nussbaum called for more such scholarship focusing on the deep 1 Felicity A.
    [Show full text]