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Synoikism, Urbanization, and Empire in the Early Hellenistic Period Ryan
Synoikism, Urbanization, and Empire in the Early Hellenistic Period by Ryan Anthony Boehm A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ancient History and Mediterranean Archaeology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Emily Mackil, Chair Professor Erich Gruen Professor Mark Griffith Spring 2011 Copyright © Ryan Anthony Boehm, 2011 ABSTRACT SYNOIKISM, URBANIZATION, AND EMPIRE IN THE EARLY HELLENISTIC PERIOD by Ryan Anthony Boehm Doctor of Philosophy in Ancient History and Mediterranean Archaeology University of California, Berkeley Professor Emily Mackil, Chair This dissertation, entitled “Synoikism, Urbanization, and Empire in the Early Hellenistic Period,” seeks to present a new approach to understanding the dynamic interaction between imperial powers and cities following the Macedonian conquest of Greece and Asia Minor. Rather than constructing a political narrative of the period, I focus on the role of reshaping urban centers and regional landscapes in the creation of empire in Greece and western Asia Minor. This period was marked by the rapid creation of new cities, major settlement and demographic shifts, and the reorganization, consolidation, or destruction of existing settlements and the urbanization of previously under- exploited regions. I analyze the complexities of this phenomenon across four frameworks: shifting settlement patterns, the regional and royal economy, civic religion, and the articulation of a new order in architectural and urban space. The introduction poses the central problem of the interrelationship between urbanization and imperial control and sets out the methodology of my dissertation. After briefly reviewing and critiquing previous approaches to this topic, which have focused mainly on creating catalogues, I point to the gains that can be made by shifting the focus to social and economic structures and asking more specific interpretive questions. -
The Contest for Macedon
The Contest for Macedon: A Study on the Conflict Between Cassander and Polyperchon (319 – 308 B.C.). Evan Pitt B.A. (Hons. I). Grad. Dip. This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities University of Tasmania October 2016 Declaration of Originality This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for a degree or diploma by the University or any other institution, except by way of background information and duly acknowledged in the thesis, and to the best of my knowledge and belief no material previously published or written by another person except where due acknowledgement is made in the text of the thesis, nor does this thesis contain any material that infringes copyright. Evan Pitt 27/10/2016 Authority of Access This thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. Evan Pitt 27/10/2016 ii Acknowledgements A doctoral dissertation is never completed alone, and I am forever grateful to my supervisor, mentor and friend, Dr Graeme Miles, who has unfailingly encouraged and supported me over the many years. I am also thankful to all members of staff at the University of Tasmania; especially to the members of the Classics Department, Dr Jonathan Wallis for putting up with my constant stream of questions with kindness and good grace and Dr Jayne Knight for her encouragement and support during the final stages of my candidature. The concept of this thesis was from my honours project in 2011. Dr Lara O’Sullivan from the University of Western Australia identified the potential for further academic investigation in this area; I sincerely thank her for the helpful comments and hope this work goes some way to fulfil the potential she saw. -
The Greco-Roman East: Politics, Culture, Society, Volume XXXI - Edited by Stephen Colvin Index More Information
Cambridge University Press 0521828759 - The Greco-Roman East: Politics, Culture, Society, Volume XXXI - Edited by Stephen Colvin Index More information Index Abydenus 187 Aphrodisias (Caria) Achaean League 146, 148 sympoliteia with Plarasa 162–3, 172, 179 Achaeans Aphrodite in foundation of Soloi 184 Stratonikis 153 Achaios 149 Apollo 167, 173, 226 adlectio 111 Lairbenos 4, Lyrboton 36, Tarsios 5, Tiamos Aelius Ponticus 102, 103, 116 22 Aetolian League 146, 148 Lycian 58–9 Agatharchides (FGrHist 86 F16) Apollodoros Metrophanes (Miletos) 166 Aigai (Cilicia) 206 Apollonia (Crete) 148 Akalissos (Lycia) 171 Apollonis (Lydia) 149 akathartia see purity Apollonos Hieron (Lydia) 4 Akmonia 4 Arados (Phoenicia) 205 Al Mina 186 Aramaic Aleppo/Beroea 124 used (written) in Cilicia 190, 192, 195–6 Alexander the Great 156 Aratus 200, 206 southern Asia Minor, campaign 198 arbitration 32 Alexander Polyhistor 187 archiatros 100, 101, 103, 107 Alexandreia (Troas) 150 architecture alphabet Greek influence at Dura 121 Greek 45; place of adaptation 190–1 Parthian 132 Lycian 45 Argos Phrygian 191 mythological (kinship) ties with Amos (Rhodian Peraia) 177 Cilicia 198–9; Aigai 206; Soloi 195; Amphilochos 183–4, 195 Tarsos 184, 206 Anatolian languages Aristotle, on solecism 181 disappearance 203–4; see individual Arrian (Anab. 1.26–2.5) 197, 202 languages Arsinoe (Cilicia) 199 Anchialos (Cilicia) Artemis 21, 60–61 (?), 166, 226 foundation by ‘Sardanapalus’ 198 Pergaia 41 Antigonos Monophthalmos 150, 162, 171, Arykanda (Lycia) 178 sympoliteia with Tragalassa Antioch -
125-134 Saba.Indd
SARA SABA TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT HOUSING FOR NEW CITIZENS aus: Epigraphica Anatolica 40 (2007) 125–134 © Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT HOUSING FOR NEW CITIZENS In 1997 W. Blümel published an inscription found in the area of Herakleia under Latmos that testifi es to the attempt to establish a sympoliteia between Latmos and Pidasa at the end of the 4th century B.C. Since the editio princeps, the text has been studied and commented on on several occasions, and this led to signifi cant improvements of the text and its understanding.1 Recently Wörrle has provided a new, full commentary, and he has also given a new interpretation of the historical data thus suggesting a different scenario for 4th century Caria.2 In this article, I intend to reassess, in light of Wörrle’s contribution, the importance of a particular section of the text, the clauses referring to the housing which the Latmians had to provide the Pidaseans in order to facilitate their relocation. It will become clear that the terminology used in the inscription implies the employment of quite specifi c measures for the Pidaseans’ initial accommodation. Moreover, on a broader historical and institutional level, housing-clauses may help us understand the agreement initiated was a sympoliteia or synoecism, or both.3 The Latmos-Pidasa agreement contains two clauses that describe, respectively, the temporary and permanent housing that was to be arranged for the newcomers. A section on – compulsory – intermarriage for six years4 and a curiously brief reference to magistracies5 separate these provisions in the inscription. -
Aparchai and Phoroi: a New Commented Edition of the Athenian
Thèse de doctorat présentée à la Faculté des Lettres de l'Université de Fribourg (Suisse) Aparchai and Phoroi A New Commented Edition of the Athenian Tribute Quota Lists and Assessment Decrees Part I : Text Björn Paarmann (Danemark) 2007 Contents Preface 3 Introduction 7 Research History 16 The Tribute Lists as a Historical Source 37 Chapter 1. The Purpose of the Tribute Lists 40 1.1 The Tribute Quota Lists 40 1.1.1 Archives or Symbols? 40 1.1.2 Archives? 40 1.1.2 Accounts? 42 1.1.3 Votives? 43 1.1.4 Conclusion 50 1.2 The Assessment Decrees 52 1.3. Conclusion: Θεοί and θεδι 53 Chapter 2. The Geographical Distribution of the Ethnics 55 2.1 The Organisation of the Quota Lists 55 2.2 The Interpretation of the Data 58 2.3 Conclusion 63 Chapter 3. Tribute Amount and the Size of the Pokis 64 3.1 Tribute Amount and Surface Area 64 3.2 Examination of the Evidence 73 3.3 Conclusion 77 Chapter 4. Ethnics and Toponyms in the Tribute Lists 78 Conclusion: On the Shoulders of Giants 87 Future Perspectives 91 Appendix: Size of the Members of the Delian League 92 Bibliography 97 Plates 126 Preface A new edition of the tribute quota lists and assessment decrees needs, if not an excuse, then perhaps at least an explanation. Considering the primary importance of these historical sources, it is astonishing how little attention has been paid to the way they have been edited by Meritt, McGregor and Wade-Gery in The Athenian Tnbute Lists (ATL) I-IV from 1939-1953 and by Meritt in Inscnptiones Graecae (IG I3) 254-291 from 1981 during the last several decades.1 This negligence on the part of contemporary scholars, both ancient historians and, more surprisingly, also Greek epigraphists, stands in sharp contrast to the central place the lists take in academic articles, monographs and history books dealing with Greek history of the fifth century BC. -
Boehm-City and Empire.Indd 6 O E H M - C I T Y
Introduction Sometime between 311 and 306 bce, Antigonos the One-Eyed compelled the polis of Skepsis to join in the foundation of a new coastal metropolis, Antigoneia Troas, along with several other major cities of the region.1 Situated in the rich agricultural basin of the Skamandros River, at the foot of Mount Ida in the interior of the cen- tral Troad, Skepsis was roughly sixty kilometers (thirty-seven miles) from the urban center of Antigoneia along modern routes. Th e city, which had identifi ed as Ionian since its incorporation of settlers fl eeing the destruction of Miletos in 494, unwillingly joined the union alongside its hated neighbor across the Skamandros, the Aiolian polis Kebren.2 Antigonos’s synoikism was designed to consolidate his hold on the region in the wake of the peace of 311, as the rival heirs of Alexander’s empire took advantage of the cessation in hostilities to stabilize their emerging territorial kingdoms and prepare for the next round of confl ict. Th e terms of this famous peace are most fully known from a fragmentary copy of a letter from Antigonos to Skepsis, in which he announces the settlement and professes to assent to the less palatable conditions of the agreement because he “was ambi- tious” (philotimesthai, l. 21) to secure the freedom and autonomy of the Greeks in his lifetime.3 Th e vaguely worded settlement was formalized through oaths requir- ing the Greek cities under Antigonos’s control to abide by its terms. Th e letter 1. Strabo 13.1.52. For a full discussion of the synoikism, see ch. -
Mir Im< Es-I I^S'
In THE u.Lighthouse Chrisfstian ^ j Ready to roiill • HE Sus^ I Now’s the time forir joins Magic Vall<Iley I Anirea m M eirts g h e up I fiunters to get fit.t.- ■ Conference, freediidOB and CMh for MDA. Mir a | |{ f W .tlcW ltl'.W tiCl i^S'J Oitioon, pagt Dl Good Moniing HI^91 I FRIDAY Low 59 ^ .A u g u st 4,2 0 0 6 Partly doody and wry wami. D«taii;A2 im<es-i w s" 50 cents - — Ib^alVM iai- Owjiieeebillnnay berrolled ilnto Hatdonalp[lackage3 ByCMttopkcrSoU iS * would create aI newnt half-mil-' acres of newnv federal wilderness thatt allowal for public lands to adjournmeni. some or <all Awodated P w i writer p t ' / lion-acre wildememess in Idaho's in the Boullulder-Wliite Qouds be Lransferredtrat to local govem- <could be cunsolidaictl into • Owyhee canyonlonlands while Mountains!s in central Idaho. mentsnts or open previously ssingle, comprehensive liinind- BOISE — Idaho Sen. MilMike . opening other previouslyprt off- Both metleasurcs grew from closedied areas to uses such as iuse bill. Crapo and other sponsors i limits areas to motorized yearslong inegotiations and motor "■I'he llkeiihood of scimme* legisIaUon seeking to creareate Zj-.; ’ recreation, llvesliesiock grazing collaboratioion among ranchers. Besiesidcs the two Idaho bills,.. tthing like ih:it developiil>iiiK new federally proiecled natinatu- ‘ ’ and other activitie;ities. environmerentalists, county Congrigrcss is currenily consider- cdepends on the liming wiwilh ral areas are considering ccnconi- "The potential torfor that, is Crapo's billIs Is the sccond commlssioroners, backpackers, ing similarsir collaborative' land- tregard to each of those hilliills." bining their various statelate's’ being discussed amiimohg the Idaho land-useI measuremi to be off-roaders,s, ouinttcrs, sportS' use agreementsa{ in Califomia. -
Map 61 Ephesus Compiled by C
Map 61 Ephesus Compiled by C. Foss and G. Reger (islands), 1994 Introduction The continental part of the map comprises three distinct geographic regions: the coasts of Ionia and Caria, the Maeander valley, and the mountainous hinterland of Caria. The coastal region, settled by Greeks in their first great expansion in the Iron Age, became the site of major cities and many smaller settlements along its deeply indented coastline. The excavators of Ephesus and Miletus have long surveyed the regions of those cities, and other classical scholars have investigated the rest of Ionia. The Ionian coast has seen great physical changes since antiquity. The vast quantities of alluvium deposited by the R. Maeander have made the ancient port of Ephesus an inland town, and turned the former Gulf of Latmos near Miletus into a lake (inset and E2). The Carian coast, with its numerous small ports, is well known thanks to the researches of Bean and Fraser. The broad Maeander valley, which divides Ionia from Caria, always played a major role in the economy of the region with its fertility and the communication it provided between coast and interior. It has not been systematically surveyed. The river’s tributaries offered an outlet for the scattered settlements in the basins and plateaus of the heavily forested interior of Caria. Much of this region, as well as many parts of neighboring ones, was carefully explored by Louis Robert. The map omits Carian sites for which no Greek name is attested; for these, see Radt (1970). For unnamed village sites also not marked, see Marchese (1989, 147-54). -
115-124 Labuff.Indd
JEREMY LABUFF THE UNION OF LATMOS AND PIDASA RECONSIDERED aus: Epigraphica Anatolica 43 (2010) 115–124 © Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn THE UNION OF LATMOS AND PIDASA RECONSIDERED* To say that the fairly recent discovery of an inscription detailing the union of two Karian cit- ies, Latmos and Pidasa, received the attention it deserved would be an understatement. The late fourth century document was quickly and skillfully published by Wolfgang Blümel in 1997, and its importance for our understanding of the local political history of Karia heralded by the careful if select treatments of Christian Habicht and C. P. Jones.1 This was followed in 2003 by another fl urry of studies: a comprehensive and detailed republication by Michael Wörrle, a chapter in Alice Bencivenni’s book on constitutional reform, and Riet van Bremen’s analysis of the clause regulating marriage.2 Not much later, Gary Reger included the text in his treatment of sympoliteia in Asia Minor.3 Finally, in 2007, Sara Saba offered an interesting interpretation of the housing clauses in the agreement.4 Remarkably, there was very little controversy among all these scholars about the aims and signifi cance of the inscription.5 According to the general con- sensus, Latmos absorbed its neighbor Pidasa by order of the Hellenistic satrap Asandros, whose role was honored through the name of the newly created tribe Asandris. Moreover, the terms of the agreement indicate a clear intent to eradicate any sense of Pidasean identity: the Pidase- ans were forced to move to Latmos and intermarry with their new fellow-citizens, preventing “any lingering sense .. -
Aus: Zeitschrift Für Papyrologie Und Epigraphik 124 (1999) 1–14 © Dr
HUGH LLOYD-JONES THE PRIDE OF HALICARNASSUS aus: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 124 (1999) 1–14 © Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn THE PRIDE OF HALICARNASSUS In ZPE 123 (1998) 1–23 Dr. S. Isager published an inscription of great interest from Halicarnassus. With great kindness she had sent me a copy of the inscription some time before, and I had sent her a letter in return. In her publication she had made some use of the contents of my letter, but none the less I have judged it to be worth while to publish it. I am grateful to C. P. Jones, R. Kassel and R. Merkelbach for their assistance. ‘ ¶nnep° moi, Sxoin›ti, f¤lon tiyãse[uma merimn«n, KÊpri, muropneÊstvn §mpelãteira PÒ[yvn, t∞w ÑAlikarnãssou t¤ tÚ t¤mion; oÈ går ¶gvge 4 ¶kluon: µ t¤ yroe› gaËra fruassom°nh; ’ ‘ Ghgen°vn megãlauxon §t°knvse stãxun éndr[«n ÉAkra¤ou pãredron kudal¤moio DiÒw, ofl pr«toi ko¤lhn ÍpÚ deirãda y°nto neognÚn 8 pa›da ÑR°hw krÊfion Z∞n' étitallÒmenoi Ga¤hw émf' édÊtoisin, ˜te KrÒnow égkulomÆthw oÈk ¶fyh laim«i y°syai ÍpobrÊxion. ZeËw d¢ patØr G∞w uÂaw égakl°aw Ùrgei«naw 12 y∞ken, o„ érrÆtvn prÒspolo¤ efisi dÒmvn. oÎd' êxarin mÒxyoio para‹ DiÚw ¶[s]xon émoibÆn, ¶rgvn ént' égay«n §sylå komizÒmenoi. tÒn t' §ratÚn makãressin éeidÒmenon parå xeËma 16 Salmak¤dow glukerÚn nassam°nh skÒpelon nÊmfhw flmertÚn kat°xei dÒmon, ∂ pot¢ koËron ≤m°teron terpna›w dejam°nh palãmaiw ÑErmafrÒditon yr°ce pan°joxon, ˘w gãmon eren 20 éndrãsi ka‹ l°xea pr«tow ¶dhse nÒmvi, aÈtÆ te stagÒnvn flero›w ÍpÚ nãmasin êntrou prhÊnei f≈tvn égriÒenta nÒon. -
The K Arialılard
Elinizdeki kitapta, Karia Bölgesi’nin The aim of this book is to present a brief Karialılar Denizcilerden Kuruculara Kent prehistorik çağlara tarihlenen en overview of archaeological and historical erken yerleşimlerinden Geç Osmanlı research on Caria from the very first Dönemi’ne uzanan arkeolojik ve tarihi signs of occupation in the Prehistoric Karialılar geçmişi hakkında bugüne dek yapılmış times to the Late Ottoman period. The Denizcilerden Kent Kuruculara çalışmaların ve güncel araştırmaların region occupied by ancient Caria can bir özeti sunulmuştur. Anadolu roughly be described as the southwestern Yarımadası’nın güneybatı kesiminde portion of the Anatolian peninsula south yer alan ve Antikçağ’da Karia olarak of the Menderes Valley and west of the The bilinen coğrafi bölgenin kuzey sınırını Dalaman River. From Seafarers City Builders to From Büyük Menderes Vadisi, doğu sınırını The Carians The Carians are mentioned several times Dalaman Çayı belirler. Carians From Seafarers to City Builders in the 2nd millennium BCE for having MÖ 2. binyıla tarihlenen yazılı supported the fight of Anatolian nations kaynaklarda birçok kez adı geçen against the Hittite invaders and later Hazırlayan | Edited by Olivier C. Henry Ayşe Belgin-Henry Karialıların, Hitit istilaları karşısında to have fought beside the Hittite kings Anadolu halklarını destekledikleri against the Egyptian forces. They were ancak daha sonra Mısırlılar karşısında also counted amongst the legendary Sea Hititlerin yanında yer aldıkları görülür. People, traveling the Mediterranean, Karialıların adı, tüm Akdeniz’de spreading destruction on their path and geçtikleri yerleri talan ederek Geç Tunç bringing down some of the most powerful Çağı’nın güçlü imparatorluklarının empires of the Late Bronze Age. -
Foreign Soldiers - Native Girls? Constructing and Crossing Boundaries in Hellenistic Cities with Foreign Garrisons
Originalveröffentlichung in: A. Chaniotis - P. Ducrey (eds.), Army and Power in the Ancient World, Stuttgart 2002, S. 99-113 Foreign Soldiers - Native girls? Constructing and Crossing Boundaries in Hellenistic Cities with Foreign Garrisons Angelos Chaniotis 1 INTRODUCTION The maintenance of a garrison in a city or a region was for many a Hellenistic power a comfortable alternative to conquest and direct administration. Every major power held garrisons in dependent Settlements of various legal statuses, usually in dependent poleis 1 or dependent communities. To give but a few examples from mainland Greece, the Aegean islands and Asia Minor, Ptolemaic garrisons were placed in and around the major cities of Cyprus, in several cities of Asia Minor (e.g., Ephesos and Xanthos), in Cretan 2 Itanos, in Thera, in Thrace, and probably on Lesbos; the Antigonid control of southern 3 Greece relied on their garrisons (esp. in Akrokorinthos, Chalkis, and Eretria); Athens had to endure the presence of a Macedonian garrison for the most part of the period 4 between the death of Alexander and 229 B.C. Even relatively small poleis guaranteed their control over subordinate (or incorporated) communities by establishing troops there 3 — e.g., Teos at Kyrbissos, Miletos at Pidasa, and Gortyn on the island of Kaudos. That garrisons were a major political factor in the Hellenistic world cannot escape the notice of any reader of the histories of Polybios or Diodoros. The documentary evidence, — the treaties in particular, — shows that the issue of the garrisons, the duration of their presence, and their removal was a major topic in negotiations between poleis and kings or 6 military leaders.