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Hellenistik Çağ'da Anadolu'daki Isyan

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T.C. BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI ESKİÇAĞ TARİHİ BİLİM DALI HELLENİSTİK ÇAĞ’DA ANADOLU’DAKİ İSYAN HAREKETLERİ (YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ) EMRE GÖKMEN BURSA-2020 T.C. BURSA ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI ESKİÇAĞ TARİHİ BİLİM DALI HELLENİSTİK ÇAĞ’DA ANADOLU’DAKİ İSYAN HAREKETLERİ (YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ) EMRE GÖKMEN orcid.ogr/0000-0002-8349-1540 DANIŞMAN Dr. Öğretim Üyesi KAMİL DOĞANCI BURSA-2020 ÖZET Yazarın Adı ve Soyadı : Emre GÖKMEN Üniversite : Uludağ Üniversitesi Enstitü : Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Anabilim Dalı : Tarih Bilim Dalı : Eskiçağ Tarihi Tezin Niteliği : Yüksek Lisans Sayfa Sayısı Tezi : xvi + 255 Mezuniyet Tarihi : …. /…. / 2020 Tez Danışmanı : Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Kamil DOĞANCI HELLENİSTİK ÇAĞDA ANADOLU’DAKİ İSYAN HAREKETLERİ Tarihin her döneminde belirli taleplere bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan isyan hareketleri görülmektedir. Hellenistik Çağ, dengelerin sürekli olarak değiştiği ve kargaşanın yoğun olarak yaşandığı bir dönemdir. Bu kargaşa ortamının yarattığı fırsat, isyan hareketlerine zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışmamız, Hellenistik Dönem’in başlangıcından sonuna kadar geçen zaman dilimi içerisinde Anadolu’da ortaya çıkan isyanları, ayaklanmaları ve direnişleri sebep ve sonuçlarıyla incelemeyi hedef edinmiştir. Anadolu’daki otorite boşluğu, çeşitli taleplerle meydana gelen isyan hareketlerine yol açmıştır. Ele alınan gelişmeler, kitlesel olarak ortaya çıkan isyan hareketleridir. Bu dönemde meydana gelen isyan hareketleri siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik yönden ortaya çıkan taleplere bağlı olarak gelişmiştir. Hellenistik Çağ’da iktidara karşı girişilen isyan hareketleri görülmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra kargaşanın yaygın olarak sürdüğü bu dönemde orduda çıkan ayaklanmalara da şahit oluyoruz. Hellenistik Çağ’da meydana gelen savaşlar ve mücadeleler, kentleri olumsuz yönde etkileyen gelişmeleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Kentler, başka bir askeri gücün saldırısına karşın direniş haklarını kullanarak kendilerini savunmuşlardır. Kırsalda ise merkezi otoriteden yoksun bir şekilde haydutlar ve korsanlar faaliyetlerini sürdürmüşlerdir. Anahtar Kelimeler: İsyan, Direniş, Ayaklanma, Hellenistik Çağ, Anadolu, Kent, Kırsal v ABSTRACT Name and Surname : Emre GÖKMEN University : Uludağ University Institution : Institute of Social Science Field : History Branch : Ancient History Degree Awarded : Master Page Number : xvi + 255 Degree Date : …. /…. / 2020 Supervisor : Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Kamil DOĞANCI THE REBELLION MOVEMENTS IN ANATOLIA IN THE HELLENISTIC AGE In every period of history, rebellion movements that occur depending on certain demands are observed. The Hellenistic era is a period when the balances are constantly changing and the turmoil is intense. The opportunity created by this environment of turmoil has prepared the ground the way for rebellion movements. In this context, our study aimed to examine the revolts, uprisings and resistances that emerged in Anatolia during the period from the beginning to the end of the Hellenistic period, with their causes and consequences. The authority gap in Anatolia led to riot movements that occurred with various demands. The developments go around are the mass revolt movements. The rebellion movements that took place during this period developed in line with the political, social and economic demands. In the Hellenistic era, rebellion movements against power are observed. In addition, riots that occurred in the army during this period of turmoil are observed. The wars and struggles that took place in the Hellenistic era bring developments in its wake that adversely affected the cities. The cities defended themselves by using their resistance rights against the attack of another power. In the countryside, bandits and pirates continued their activities, deprived of central authority. Keywords: Rebellion, Resistance, Uprising, Hellenistic Age, Anatolia, City, Countryside vi ÖNSÖZ Hellenistik Dönem boyunca Anadolu’da ortaya çıkan başlıca isyanları, direnişleri ve ayaklanmaları uzun bir tarih süreci içinde bir araya getiren ve bunların arasındaki muhtemel ilişkileri bir bütünlük içinde ortaya koyarak, farklı açılardan yaklaşımlar sunan bir çalışmanın henüz ortaya konulmamış olması, Hellenistik Dönem’de çıkan isyanların incelenmesi gerekliliğini doğurmuştur. Ayrıca Hellenistik Dönem’e dair yapılmış çalışmalara daha geniş bir açıdan bakılabilmesi amacıyla katkı sunması hedeflenmiştir. İsyan hareketlerini Hellenistik Dönem olarak belirlememizin nedeni, isyan hareketleriyle ilgili oldukça yetersiz bilgiye sahip olduğumuz bu dönemle ilgili antik ve modern kaynaklardaki bilgilerin topluca değerlendirilmesi gerekliliğidir. Çalışmamızda Hellenistik Çağ’da kitlesel olarak ortaya çıkan isyan hareketleri ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca konuyla ilgili araştırmalar ilerledikçe kent ve kırsaldaki isyan hareketlerini ve direnişlerini ele almak gereksinimi ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu yüzden son bölümde kent ve kırsaldaki isyan hareketleri değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma süresi boyunca, tez konusunun seçiminden çalışmanın bitirilme aşamasına kadar bana her konuda yardımcı olan ve tavsiyeleri ile bana yön gösteren danışman hocam Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Kamil DOĞANCI’ya sonsuz teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Yüksek lisans eğitimim süresince bana sundukları değişik bakış açıları için Prof. Dr. Nurcan ABACI ve Prof. Dr. Zeynep DÖRTOK ABACI’ya teşekkür ederim. Yüksek lisans eğitimim boyunca fikir alışverişinde bulunduğum ve bana çok yararlı katkılarda bulunan Sinan PAMUKÇU, Kaan ÜÇLER ve Serhat TOSUN’a, lisans eğitimimde tanışma şansını elde ettiğim ve hayatımda çok önemli yerleri bulunan dostlarım Onur SAYDUK, Elvin ÖNDER ve Gözde SOYSAL’a, hayatım boyunca her zaman kardeş olarak gördüğüm, benden hiç desteğini esirgemeyen ve her zaman desteklerini sunan dostlarım Tuğrul OTAÇ ve Erdem GÜLER’e minnettarım. Bugünlere gelmemde büyük payı bulunan ve değerli tavsiyeleriyle yolumu aydınlatan Doç. Dr. Fatma SEVİNÇ ERBAŞI’ya teşekkürlerimi ve saygılarımı sunuyorum. Ayrıca desteklerini hiç esirgemedikleri için aileme ve bugünlere gelmemdeki en büyük destekçim olan merhum dedem Salih GÖKMEN’e ne kadar teşekkür etsem azdır. vii İÇİNDEKİLER TEZ ONAY SAYFASI ………………………………………………………………...ii ÖZET ................................................................................................................................ v ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... vi ÖNSÖZ ........................................................................................................................... vii İÇİNDEKİLER ............................................................................................................ viii HARİTALAR .................................................................................................................. x METİNDE KULLANILAN TERİMLERE İLİŞKİNKISALTMALAR LİSTESİ .. xi METİNDE KULLANILAN STANDART VE SÜRELİ YAYINLARA İLİŞKİNKISALTMALAR LİSTESİ .......................................................................... xii GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................................... 1 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM HELLENİSTİK ÇAĞ’DA ANADOLU’DAKİ SİYASİ GELİŞMELER 1. Büyük İskender’in Ölümünden Ipsos Savaşı’na (MÖ 323-301) .................... 10 2. Ipsos Savaşı’ndan Koroupedion Savaşı’na (MÖ 301-281) ............................. 21 3. Koroupedion Savaşı’ndan Phoinike Anlaşması’na (MÖ 281-205) ............... 26 4. Phoinike Anlaşması’ndan III. Makedonia Savaşı’na (MÖ 205-172) ............ 36 5. III. Makedonia Savaşı’ndan Asia Eyaleti’nin Kuruluşuna (MÖ 172-129) .. 47 6. Asia Eyaleti’nin Kuruluşundan I. Mithradates-Roma Savaşı’na (MÖ 129- 89) ............................................................................................................................ 54 7. I. Mithradates-Roma Savaşı’ndan Anadolu’da Roma Egemenliğine (MÖ 89- 63) ............................................................................................................................ 63 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM HELLENİSTİK ÇAĞ’DA ANADOLU’DA İSYANLAR, DİRENİŞLER VE AYAKLANMALAR 1. Büyük İskender’in Hayatını Kaybetmesinden Koroupedion Savaşı’na Kadar Anadolu’daki İsyan Hareketleri (MÖ 323-281) ...................................... 72 2. Koroupedion Savaşı’ndan Phoinike Anlaşması’na Kadar Anadolu’daki İsyan Hareketleri (MÖ 281-205) .......................................................................... 81 3. Phoinike Anlaşması’ndan Pdyna Savaşı’na Kadar Anadolu’daki İsyan Hareketleri (MÖ 205-168) ..................................................................................... 94 viii 4. Pdyna Savaşı’ndan III. Attalos’un Vasiyeti’ne Kadar Anadolu’daki İsyan Hareketleri (MÖ 168-133) ................................................................................... 101 5. Aristonikos İsyanı (MÖ 133-129) ................................................................... 108 6. VI. Mithradates- Roma Mücadelelerinin Anadolu’daki Yansımaları (MÖ 120-63) ................................................................................................................... 117 7. Kitlesel Bir İsyan Hareketi: Ephesos Akşamı ............................................... 129 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM HELLENİSTİK ÇAĞ’DA ANADOLU’DA KENT VE KIRSALDAKİ DİRENİŞLER, TEPKİLER VE İSYAN HAREKETLERİ 1. Kentler .............................................................................................................. 135 1.1. Kent Ayaklanmaları ....................................................................................
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    Révay József Százarcú ókor TARTALOM I. ISTENEK II HŐSÖK KRÉTA, A BIKAISTEN SZIGETE A KARTHÁGÓI BÉKESZERZŐDÉS Istenek nyomában Partraszállás Afrikában Mínósz, Európé fia és Európa apja A fekete Venus „La Parisienne” - „A Párizsi Hölgy” Ki volt a támadó? Hic habitat Minotaurus Egy ókori béketárgyalás A szárnyas ember legendája Égnek a hajók Új idők dala Hannibál nevet A NAPISTEN NÉPE AZ IGAZI SPARTACUS Asztüagész álma Eunus, a varázsló A nyúl meg a sarló Az árulás Politikai lakoma Spartacus, a gladiátor Királyi nép Győzelmi mámor Toműrisz és a halál A mutinai fordulat A vég kezdete SZKÍTÁK, GÖRÖGÖK, MAGYAROK A történelmi cél A mesés hüperboreoszok A romantika Négyszögarcú vadak CICERO A FORRADALOMBAN A két Szkítia Az ifjú Anakharszisz VÉRZŐ GALLIA Vérszerződés Megelőzték Kutuzovot Gallia, Erisz almája Róma kardja APOLLÓN FEKETE ORSZÁGA A győzhetetlen Ariovistus Apollón szerelme Vercingetorix díszben Barce, a fekete város ŐRÜLT A TRÓNON Arae Philaenorum - A Philaenusok oltára Bereniké hozománya Tiberius gyűrűje Apión végrendelete Lefejezett istenek Marcius Turbo mészárlása Vér és arany Városok és emberek Chaerea tribunus EGYIPTOM TÜNDÖKLÉSE ÉS BUKÁSA NERO KIRÁLYT KORONÁZ Egy ókori Bernadotte Tigranes fészkelődik Popilius Laenas pálcája Vologases visszaüt Rabirius és „a fuvolás” Tigranes hoppon marad Kleopátra, a démon Zenobia: a szerelem Politika és elégia Eriza: a zálog Csodákat lát a Via Egnatia ÖRÖK BÁNATOK Róma mámorban Az ókori Sasfiók Népszámlálás Arszinoéban Thaisz és Íszisz könnyei Theszaisz, a sztár 2 III VÁROSOK AZ ARANYGYAPJÚ
  • The Lukan Periplus of Paul's Third Journey with A

    The Lukan Periplus of Paul's Third Journey with A

    Acta Theologica 2016 36(1): 229‑254 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/actat.v36i1.13 ISSN 2309‑9089 © UV/UFS <http://www.ufs.ac.za/ActaTheologica> M. Wilson THE LUKAN PERIPLUS OF PAUL’S THIRD JOURNEY WITH A TEXTUAL CONUNDRUM IN ACTS 20:15 ABSTRACT This article discusses a pericope in Acts 20:6–21:8 recounting the sea portion of Paul’s third journey. Its genre resembles the periplus, and generic features are discussed as well as parallels with other periploi. Paul’s periplus in the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas is presented within a fixed calendar in the Jewish year, and the itinerary’s specifics are detailed. A textual conundrum in Acts 20:15 is discussed as it relates to an anchorage opposite Chios. A lexical discussion of ἄντικρυς Χίου is presented, and possible translations are reviewed. The article presents a new hypothesis that the Ionian city of Erythrae was the place of the ship’s landing. It closes with a brief history of Erythrae’s significance in the Greco-Roman world and why a stop there by Paul’s coasting vessel was likely during this part of the journey. 1. INTRODUCTION This article discusses a pericope in the Acts of the Apostles that recounts the sea portion of Paul’s third journey.1 It first argues that the traditional author Luke2 cast the account in a genre well known to his audience – the 1 I wish to thank Dr. Linford Stutzman and Dr. Dan Davis, both scholars who have sailed the Aegean waters described in this article, for their helpful comments on an earlier draft.
  • Calendar of Roman Events

    Calendar of Roman Events

    Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th.
  • JOSHUA P. NUDELL Alexander The

    JOSHUA P. NUDELL Alexander The

    The Ancient History Bulletin VOLUME THIRTY-TWO: 2018 NUMBERS 1-2 Edited by: Edward Anson ò Michael Fronda òDavid Hollander Timothy Howe òJoseph Roisman ò John Vanderspoel Pat Wheatley ò Sabine Müller òAlex McAuley Catalina Balmacedaò Charlotte Dunn ISSN 0835-3638 ANCIENT HISTORY BULLETIN Volume 32 (2018) Numbers 1-2 Edited by: Edward Anson, Catalina Balmaceda, Michael Fronda, David Hollander, Alex McAuley, Sabine Müller, Joseph Roisman, John Vanderspoel, Pat Wheatley Senior Editor: Timothy Howe Assistant Editor: Charlotte Dunn Editorial correspondents Elizabeth Baynham, Hugh Bowden, Franca Landucci Gattinoni, Alexander Meeus, Kurt Raaflaub, P.J. Rhodes, Robert Rollinger, Victor Alonso Troncoso Contents of volume thirty-two Numbers 1-2 1 Sean Manning, A Prosopography of the Followers of Cyrus the Younger 25 Eyal Meyer, Cimon’s Eurymedon Campaign Reconsidered? 44 Joshua P. Nudell, Alexander the Great and Didyma: A Reconsideration 61 Jens Jakobssen and Simon Glenn, New research on the Bactrian Tax-Receipt NOTES TO CONTRIBUTORS AND SUBSCRIBERS The Ancient History Bulletin was founded in 1987 by Waldemar Heckel, Brian Lavelle, and John Vanderspoel. The board of editorial correspondents consists of Elizabeth Baynham (University of Newcastle), Hugh Bowden (Kings College, London), Franca Landucci Gattinoni (Università Cattolica, Milan), Alexander Meeus (University of Leuven), Kurt Raaflaub (Brown University), P.J. Rhodes (Durham University), Robert Rollinger (Universität Innsbruck), Victor Alonso Troncoso (Universidade da Coruña) AHB is currently edited by: Timothy Howe (Senior Editor: [email protected]), Edward Anson, Catalina Balmaceda, Michael Fronda, David Hollander, Alex McAuley, Sabine Müller, Joseph Roisman, John Vanderspoel and Pat Wheatley. AHB promotes scholarly discussion in Ancient History and ancillary fields (such as epigraphy, papyrology, and numismatics) by publishing articles and notes on any aspect of the ancient world from the Near East to Late Antiquity.
  • Synoikism, Urbanization, and Empire in the Early Hellenistic Period Ryan

    Synoikism, Urbanization, and Empire in the Early Hellenistic Period Ryan

    Synoikism, Urbanization, and Empire in the Early Hellenistic Period by Ryan Anthony Boehm A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ancient History and Mediterranean Archaeology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Emily Mackil, Chair Professor Erich Gruen Professor Mark Griffith Spring 2011 Copyright © Ryan Anthony Boehm, 2011 ABSTRACT SYNOIKISM, URBANIZATION, AND EMPIRE IN THE EARLY HELLENISTIC PERIOD by Ryan Anthony Boehm Doctor of Philosophy in Ancient History and Mediterranean Archaeology University of California, Berkeley Professor Emily Mackil, Chair This dissertation, entitled “Synoikism, Urbanization, and Empire in the Early Hellenistic Period,” seeks to present a new approach to understanding the dynamic interaction between imperial powers and cities following the Macedonian conquest of Greece and Asia Minor. Rather than constructing a political narrative of the period, I focus on the role of reshaping urban centers and regional landscapes in the creation of empire in Greece and western Asia Minor. This period was marked by the rapid creation of new cities, major settlement and demographic shifts, and the reorganization, consolidation, or destruction of existing settlements and the urbanization of previously under- exploited regions. I analyze the complexities of this phenomenon across four frameworks: shifting settlement patterns, the regional and royal economy, civic religion, and the articulation of a new order in architectural and urban space. The introduction poses the central problem of the interrelationship between urbanization and imperial control and sets out the methodology of my dissertation. After briefly reviewing and critiquing previous approaches to this topic, which have focused mainly on creating catalogues, I point to the gains that can be made by shifting the focus to social and economic structures and asking more specific interpretive questions.