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The Classical Association Annual Conference 2014 University Of The Classical Association Annual Conference 2014 University of Nottingham ABSTRACTS (listed alphabetically by speaker’s surname) Abstracts may have been edited for reasons of space Katrina-Kay S. Alaimo (Exeter) Panel: Material Culture Using Small Finds Data for Temple Sites in Roman Britain Analysis of temple sites often mix the study of literature and that of architecture; and when there is a lack of literary evidence for a particular region, popular literature is used to draw assumptions on the social practice of that area. Understanding social practice provides insight on how people conducted their daily lives and thus is important for our comprehension of society. When attempting to understand the culture and identity of those who used a site, small finds evidence can easily be overlooked. However, when we examine the collective data relating to a small find type, such as hairpins or animal bones, interesting patterns emerge. The zonation of specific types or materials, or in the case of the animal remains – taxa, age, etc., can inform us of the social practice conducted on a specific temple site at different periods of time. Using small finds data for temple sites is particular important for studying religious practices in Roman Britain in the 1st to 2nd centuries CE since we lack substantial literary evidence. Approaches to religion within this province routinely analyse broad patterns, and it is time to start looking at each site individually in order to pinpoint the subtleties in local practices and to allow an in-depth examination of what actually happened on site. This sort of fine brush analysis is particularly relevant for data rich sites that have a significant amount of context available for its material finds. One such site is that of Great Chesterford in modern day Essex; for example, the small finds data show that areas of the temple site were used differently and that a ritual involving the slaughter of lambs was conducted at certain times of the year. Nick Allen (Oxford) Panel: Escape Two Other-world Journeys: Odysseus to Alcinous, Dead Soul to Brahmā Previous work on Greece-India comparison has argued that both epic traditions derive independently from an oral proto-narrative at least as old as the separation of the relevant branches of the Indo-European language family. In particular, the proto-narrative included an episode ancestral to both the journey of Odysseus from Ogygia to Scheria and the journey of Arjuna from forest exile to Indra’s heaven. Arjuna’s journey is akin to the spiritual progression of the yogin from ordinary life to Release, and all three journeys can be compared to that of the Buddha to Enlightenment. Using a late Vedic text the present paper extends these comparisons to cover the journey of those dead souls who escape from reincarnation and take ‘the path of the gods’. he events presented so concisely in au taki pani ad ( . -7) are compared to those recounted at length in Odyssey books 5-7, and the implications for both texts are explored. 1 Eran Almagor (Ben Gurion) Panel: Eastern Clients Last of the Achaemenids, Friend of the Romans: Antiochus I of Commagene Among Rome’s Client kings of the late republic, one stands out in particular, namely, Antiochus I heos Dikaios Epiphanes (c. 98/86 BC – 38 BC, ruled 70 BC – 38 BC) of Commagene. Antiochus’ position as well as the necessities of statesmanship and diplomacy located him at the juncture of several political and cultural entities and amidst clashing parties. This can be seen in three situations: role in the Mithridatic wars, between Lucullus and Tigranes (Plut. Luc. 29.6-10, Dio Cass. 36.2.5, 47.27.3), his place in the new arrangements made in the region (Appian, Mith. 16.106), Pompey and the Romans on the one hand and Darius, king of Media Atropatene, or the Parthian Pacorus (Pākōr) on the other (Cic. Ad. fam. 15.3,1; 4,3) and his minor involvement in the Roman Civil Wars and ensuing clash with Antony (Plut. Ant. 34; cf. Jos. BJ 1.322). In all these situations, it would seem that Antiochus was an indispensible player in Rome’s eastern policy and had to be taken into account. Antiochus was an ally of Rome, and in the Greek inscription seen in the ruins of the hierothesion of Antiochus at Mount Nemrut dagi, Antiochus calls himself a friend of the Romans (philoromaios). At the same time Antiochus claimed Iranian descent on his father’s side from Rhodogyne, daughter of the Achaemenid Artaxerxes II (together with a Seleucid descent on his mother’s line, OGIS 89). It is the purpose of this paper to explore Antiochus’ position between Rome and the East, his function as a client king during three dramatic junctures of Rome’s intervention in the area, and to link his aforementioned policies towards Rome with his identity as a descendant of the bygone Achaemenids in a period when interest in the past Empire of the East was on the rise in Roman oratory and historiography. Mohammad Almohanna (Higher Institute of Dramatic Arts, Kuwait) Panel: Comparative Approaches Antarah Ibn Shaddād: Heracles of Arabia The interaction between Arab culture and the ancient Greek legacy took off during the eighth century. At Baghdad a library, known as the House of Wisdom, was established under the Abbasid caliphs which led an unprecedented translation movement of Greek texts into Arabic. This movement which marked the golden age of Islamic culture resulted in a considerable knowledge of ancient heritage in almost all fields of learning except creative literature (Etman 2004; Leezenberg 2004; Pormann 2006). As a result of this neglect Greek literature remained unknown to Arabs until the early decades of the twentieth century when the Nahda, or awakening movement, aroused Arab intellectuals to resume the work of the ancient Arab translators in Baghdad twelve centuries earlier. From the anthropological perspective Arab literature is thought to be almost entirely realistic in the sense that almost no room is found for myth to play a part; that the vast majority of classical Arabic literature belongs to the genre of lyric poetics with various themes including satire, eulogy, mysticism, romance, and other themes. Nevertheless Arab knew other genres, among them was the oral epic, ranging from pre-Islamic heroism in the tales of Antarah Ibn Shaddād and Al-Zeir Salim, to the 11th century epic of Taghribat Bani Hilal, which in later ages became part of written literature. The narrative style, themes, and content of these epics seem to overlap with the ancient model of heroism, and it can prove that, whatever may be the reasons for Arab literature’s failure to engage with ancient Greek literature for any reason, it was not because of a lack of interest in the themes and story-patterns of Greek poetry. Ronnie Ancona (Hunter/CUNY) Panel: ‘Sexually-Explicit’ Latin Teaching Sexually-Explicit Catullus This presentation will address the challenges and rewards of teaching poems of Catullus that contain sexually explicit material. It will be argued that including such poems in teaching allows for a fuller, richer, and more accurate sense of Catullus' poetry. (Cf., for example, Miller, Helios 27 [2000] “Reading Catullus, hinking Differently.”) The challenges of how to handle sexually explicit material in writing textbooks will be addressed from the perspective of a Latin scholar and Latin textbook author, with attention to competing scholarly and 2 pedagogical decisions. (See Ancona, Writing Passion Plus [2013].) The results of some informal surveying of teaching practices at the college and secondary school levels in the USA will show the variety of attitudes towards the value of and the practical possibility of teaching sexually-explicit Latin poetry. Examples will be drawn from Poems 6, 16, and 32 to discuss ways of explaining and defining sexually-explicit language or content. Then the explicit material will be put back into context, so to speak, in order to see its importance to each poem. Following such a procedure in a classroom setting can allow the student to know in a straightforward manner what he or she is reading and then to see that such explicitness has poetic purpose. In Poem 6, for example, the explicit “effututa” can be seen in the context of a poem that plays off competing desires to conceal and reveal; in Poem 6, “pedicabo ego vos et irrumabo” can be presented in the context of the tug between literal and metaphorical interpretation; and in Poem 32 the image evoked of an erection that humorously pounds through clothing can be seen in the context of other Catullan surprise endings. Loriel Anderson (Bristol) Panel: Greece and the East Seeing the Serious in the Sensational: Ctesias’ Reflections of Contemporary Political Thought Throughout his Persica Ctesias of Cnidus provides one of the most sensationalist Hellenic accounts of the ‘barbarian other’, employing wild stereotypes and highlighting the most lurid aspects of Persian society. Despite the sensational nature of his narrative, Ctesias’ work is not as fantastical as it first appears. Rather, his scandalous stories reflect the current socio-political thought of his audience, particularly in terms of their concern for political stability. However, because of the Persica’s scandalous nature, scholars have overlooked Ctesias as a potential source for contemporary Greek political thought. The Greeks stereotyped Persia as a land ruled by effeminate, lazy, self-indulgent kings, who preferred to spend their days in the harem, rather than leading troops in battle, building cities and monuments, or writing laws. Ctesias, by emphasizing these stereotypes, confirms his audience’s belief in their own superior moral character. However, he also confounds his audience’s expectations by demonstrating that the Persian political system actually functions.
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