DOCSLIB.ORG

STORIA DELLE RELIGIONI (Raffaele Pettazzoni)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
STORIA DELLE RELIGIONI (Raffaele Pettazzoni) STORIA DELLE RELIGIONI A CURA DI ' RAFFAELE PETTAZZONI VOLUME RAFFAELE PETTAZZONI \ \ PROFESSORE INCARICA'TO DI STORIA DELLE RELIGIONI NELLA R. UNIVERStTA DI BOLOGNA LAMELIGIONE' 'Tt \ T^\ A' 'TF^T-TT T r^ 'Tr>,T^ A ZARl HUS i RA ; STORIA ' REUGiOgA \ i.-KEL'L^', '' " ' "' ' -i" '- * -. ., ','*'' ''>?''-?''.''-' ''', c,''' DELL* IRAN Le anime del credenti> ... le anime delle credent! ...del paesi ariani, ...turani, ...sarmatici, ...sinici, ...daci, ... di tutti i paesi noi veneriamo. YAST 13. 143-4. BOLOGNA NICOLA ZANICHELLI EDITORS 764817 PREFAZIONE Questo libro ha origine 'da un corso di lezioni che io tenni nell' Universita di Bologna il primo anno (1914-15) che fui incaricato di professarvi la storia delle religioni. La storia "delle religioni e disciplina di data I recente: in Italia, recentissima . Per varie cause. Alcune, dipendenti da particolari condizioni di ordine i Le prime catted re di 'storia delle religion!' sorsero in ' Olanda (1876) e in Svizzera (specialmente dal 1877). P' ln Francia (1880, al 'College de France': ptimo titolare A. Reville, fino al 1906; poi J. Reville, fino al 1909; poi A. Loisy) e altrove (Inghilterra; America; anche nel Giappone [Universita di Tokyo, I in s' la 9?3])- Solo pifr tardi Germania, dove impose questione pregiudiziale della posizione della storia delle religioni rispetto alle Facolta di teologia (A. Harnack, Die Aiifgabe der theolo- gischen Fakultaten und die allgemeine Religionsgeschichte, Berlin 1901; poi risolta [1914] con I' assegnazione della storia r delle religioni alle Facolta di filosofia [A., Deissmann, Der Lehrsluhl fur Religionsgeschichte, Berlin 1914]), e dove i primi professor! ordinari di storia delle religion! furono degli stranieri nel lo (il danese E. Lehmann 1910 a Berlino, svedese - N. Soderblom dal .1912 al 1915 a Lipsia). A Lipsia nel 1914 fu di storia fondato un Istituto comparata delle Religioni (' Leipzir VIII *^ PREFAZIONE interno, nazionale *. Altre, connesse con lo sviluppo generale degli studi, il quale ha pure i suoi momenti. Altre, infine, inerenti allo studio stesso delle reli- gion!, e pr.ecisamente al carattere di quella sua ma- teria sacra che sembra non possa senza scrupolo essere indagata allo stesso modo delle cose profane. Questa specie di tabu fu sentito gia dagli antichi, p. es. dai Greci: per lo meno in quanto di taluni ger Forschungsinstitut fur vergleichende Religionsgeschichte ')> - suddiviso iti tre sezioni : storico religiosa in senso speciale, antico-testamentaria, nuovo-testamentaria). - A Parigi nel 1919 ' ' e sorta la Societe Ernest Rehan per gli studi di storia delle religioni. Una cattedra di storia delle religioni e stata intro.dotta dal Governo Francese nell' Universita di Strasburgo. Un insegnamento ufficiale di storia delle religioni fu isti- - tuito per la prima. volta a Roma nel 1886; ma fu di fatto e, a partire dal 1888, anche di nome - insegnamento di storia, del Crisiianesimo. - Ancora nel 1909, a proposito di un libro di L. H. Jordan e B. Labanca, The study of religion in the Itali&n Uni- versities (Oxford 1909), un autorevole studioso belga pote scri- vere che esso libro meglio avrebbe dovuto intitolarsi : La mancanza degli studi religiosi nelle universita italiane (Goblet ' d'Alviella, nella Revue des etudes ethnographiques et sociolo- ' giques 1909, p. 383). - Nel 1912-13 un incarico ufficiale di storia delle religion! fu istituito nella R. Accademia Scientifico-Letteraria di Milano; un'altro nel 1919-20 ne.1 R. Istituto di studi superior! - in Firenze. I progress! degli studi religiosi in Italia, anche per cio che si riferisce all' insegnamento universitario, sono seguiti attentaniente all'estero (L. H. Jordan, The' study of religion in Italian Universities; a half-century' s survey, The American of cfr. de Journal Theology, 23, Chicago 1919, 41 sgg. ; Revue I'histoire des ecc. religions, 1912, I, 405; ecc., ; 1919, I, 243; 1920, i, 203). i ' Per 1' Italia, vedi.: Jordan-Labanca, op, cit. F. Tocco, Rivista d' 6. 62 S. Italia, 1903, n, sg. ; Minocchi, La Cultura Con- 18 R. Nuova temporanea, 3. 1911, i, sg. ; Pettazzoni, Antologia, i E. Nuova nov.-dic. maggio 1912 ; Buonaiuti, Antologia, 1919. PREFAZIONE IX culti, qua e Ik nella Grecia praticati, certi autori deli- beratamente evitarono di parlare -.perche appunto la religione in modo speciale lo vietava (Erodoto 2. 51; Paus. i. 14, 3; 38, 6; 4. 33, 5) -, mentre di altri piu liberamente trattarono e ancor liberamente si ; piu x occuparono delle religioni di altri popoli . - Questo interesse descrittivo per i fatti religiosi etnografico piuttosto che storico, superficiale (se cosi posso esprimermi) anzi che approfondito nel senso di della terz'a dimensione -,. mentre ai tempi Erodoto era gi& diffuse (anche il lidio Xanthos), crebbe poi molto piu in seguito a quell' ampliarsi degli orizzonti geografici che fu effetto delle conquiste di Alessandro. - Nel vasto disegno concepito da Aristotele e in - gran parte da lui e dai suoi discepoli attuato di un ordinamento sistematico di tutto il sap ere, dovette essere compresa anche la sistemazione di cio che si sapeva su le religioni e la religione: tanto e vero che - uno scolaro appunto di Aristotele Teofrasto o, piut- tosto, Eudemo di Rodi e ricordato come autore di una TOOV jtsQi to -Qmov latooia (Diog. Laert. 5, 48). Fu quello, forse, il primo tentativo di una enciclopedia religiosa: certo non fu ancora una storia delle reli- gioni. Ne poteva essere. Mancava, fra 1' altro, il cri- terio della comparazione) e quindi 1' attitudine a - ravvicinare i fatti disparati e nello spazio o nel - c ' tempo lontani. I primi riconoscimenti e ravvicina- menti comparativi furono opera di credenti piuttosto che di studiosi. Li fecero - anzi: li sentirono - co- loro che in questa o in quella divinity di un qual- i Ma anche del misteri egiziani Erodoto ha scrupolo di parlare (2. 170-171). X PREFAZIONE , che culto straniero riconobbero taluna delle divinita proprie. Questa tendenza, che ha origin! remo.te e ragioni cultuali profonde, si accentuo poi sempre piu nel corso dell' et ellenistica, e finl per conferire al paganesimo decadehte quella sua nota religipsa caratteristica ch' e il sineretismo. Dal quale riuscl a svincolarsi il Cristianesimo, vincendo contro la Gnosis. E fu vittoria dell' esclu- sivismo. Nel concetto 'antico non c' erano religioni vere e religion! false, ma soltanto la propria jeligione ele altrui. Nel concetto cristiano la religione propria fu anche T unica vera, e false tutte le altre. Nel- - 1'antichita le religion! altrui piu ancora che la pro- - pria avevano potuto essere oggetto di osservazione uniformemente interessata e indifferentemente curiosa. Nel Cristianesimo soltanto la vera religione meri- tava, in principio, di essere conosciuta: le altre, fin che rappresentavano un pericolo, meglio valeva che - fossero ignorate; oppure ad un solo patto e ad un solo fine impbrtava conoscerle : per oppugnarle e dimostrarne la falsitk (Apologetica). Invertita, in certo qual modo, la sfera d' azione, era pur sempre lo stesso tabu che ostacolava il sorgere di uno studio integrate delle religioni. Le altre religioni furono considerate come falsificazioni diaboliche dell' unica x e rivelata . religione vera E quando ( scomparso Rom. i. 25 [xeTr| Malay TTJV d^'O-eiav TOV -frecD EV - . al gA,aTQevcrav tf) jtrioei Jtapd TOY %Ttaavta. August. Retractat. i. 13 res ipsa quae nunc Christiana religio nuncupatur , erat et apud antiques, nee defuit ab initio generis humani, quousque Christus veniret ... unde vera religio, quae jam ' erat, coepit appellari Christiana; de civiiate Dei, 2. 29 non sunt dii, maligni sunt spiritus isti daemones quos adhuc deos putas. PREPAZIONE XI ormai il pericolo) lo studiarle fu consentito, o anche pote essere consigliato (ai fini delle Mission!), un tale studio non andd disgiunto, in generale, da scopi di edificazione, ch' e quanto dire pratici, extra-scientifici. Le grandi scoperte geografiche dell' eta moderna - ebbero per eJGfetto come nelP antichita le conquiste - di Alessandro di allargare gli orizzonti geografici; con questa differenza : che allora i Greci avevano preso contatto con popoli di civilta antica e antichis- c sima, mentre ora furono specialmente popoli senza ' storia e senza civilta che si offersero all'osservazione degli Europei. Insieme con la raccolta abbondantis- sima delle nuove osservazioni religiose, si ebbero anche i primi saggi e tentativi di una indagine com- parativa delle religioni. Nel sec. xvn John Spencer col suo De legibus Hebraeorum rituahbus et earum rationibus (1685), in cui le istituzioni cultuali ebraiche sono studiate in rapporto con le egizie e le sab6e, appare come un precursore. E precursore, in un certo senso, e ancora nel sec. xvm, il De Brosses eon la sua opera Du culte des Dieux Fetiches ou 1 Parallele de I' andenne Religion de I Egypte avec la Religion actuelle de la Nigritie (1760). In vero, per quanto i tempi ormai fossero ma- turi, tuttavia prevaleva presso i pensatori una teoria che, pur opponendosi alia dottrina della religione rivelata, insisteva pur sempre, in taltmi punti.fonda- mentali, sulle antiche posizioni della Ghiesa. Era la filosofia dei deisti, dei razionalisti, dei simbolisti. Al posto della religione rivelata ( sopra- naturale ) questi filosofi ponevano la, religione naturale: da prima chiara e distinta, e poi via via oscuratasi nella coscienza delle genti per il prevalere di simboli, i XII PREFA5IONE quali, escogitati dai sacerdoti per un fine pedagogico, - fraintesi poi dal volgo, avrebbero dato luogo per - un processo, dunque, di degenerazione al formarsi delle varie religion! positive. II Voltaire si trovava piu vicino ch' egli non pensasse ai Padri della Chiesa " quando scriveva: J' ose croire... qu' on a commence d'abord par reconnaitre un seul Dieu, et qu'ensuite la faiblesse humaine en a adopte" plusieurs... (Diction- e naire .artt 2" philosophique [1764], Religion ', que- stion). Dell' atteggiamento voltairiano di fronte alle religioni positive vale la pena di produrre qui un saggio relative a quella religione ch' e oggetto del " nostro libro : On ne peut lire deux pages de 1'abo- minable fatras attribud a ce Zoroastre, sans avoir piti6 de la nature- humaine.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • JOSHUA P. NUDELL Alexander The
    The Ancient History Bulletin VOLUME THIRTY-TWO: 2018 NUMBERS 1-2 Edited by: Edward Anson ò Michael Fronda òDavid Hollander Timothy Howe òJoseph Roisman ò John Vanderspoel Pat Wheatley ò Sabine Müller òAlex McAuley Catalina Balmacedaò Charlotte Dunn ISSN 0835-3638 ANCIENT HISTORY BULLETIN Volume 32 (2018) Numbers 1-2 Edited by: Edward Anson, Catalina Balmaceda, Michael Fronda, David Hollander, Alex McAuley, Sabine Müller, Joseph Roisman, John Vanderspoel, Pat Wheatley Senior Editor: Timothy Howe Assistant Editor: Charlotte Dunn Editorial correspondents Elizabeth Baynham, Hugh Bowden, Franca Landucci Gattinoni, Alexander Meeus, Kurt Raaflaub, P.J. Rhodes, Robert Rollinger, Victor Alonso Troncoso Contents of volume thirty-two Numbers 1-2 1 Sean Manning, A Prosopography of the Followers of Cyrus the Younger 25 Eyal Meyer, Cimon’s Eurymedon Campaign Reconsidered? 44 Joshua P. Nudell, Alexander the Great and Didyma: A Reconsideration 61 Jens Jakobssen and Simon Glenn, New research on the Bactrian Tax-Receipt NOTES TO CONTRIBUTORS AND SUBSCRIBERS The Ancient History Bulletin was founded in 1987 by Waldemar Heckel, Brian Lavelle, and John Vanderspoel. The board of editorial correspondents consists of Elizabeth Baynham (University of Newcastle), Hugh Bowden (Kings College, London), Franca Landucci Gattinoni (Università Cattolica, Milan), Alexander Meeus (University of Leuven), Kurt Raaflaub (Brown University), P.J. Rhodes (Durham University), Robert Rollinger (Universität Innsbruck), Victor Alonso Troncoso (Universidade da Coruña) AHB is currently edited by: Timothy Howe (Senior Editor: [email protected]), Edward Anson, Catalina Balmaceda, Michael Fronda, David Hollander, Alex McAuley, Sabine Müller, Joseph Roisman, John Vanderspoel and Pat Wheatley. AHB promotes scholarly discussion in Ancient History and ancillary fields (such as epigraphy, papyrology, and numismatics) by publishing articles and notes on any aspect of the ancient world from the Near East to Late Antiquity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Classical Association Annual Conference 2014 University Of
    The Classical Association Annual Conference 2014 University of Nottingham ABSTRACTS (listed alphabetically by speaker’s surname) Abstracts may have been edited for reasons of space Katrina-Kay S. Alaimo (Exeter) Panel: Material Culture Using Small Finds Data for Temple Sites in Roman Britain Analysis of temple sites often mix the study of literature and that of architecture; and when there is a lack of literary evidence for a particular region, popular literature is used to draw assumptions on the social practice of that area. Understanding social practice provides insight on how people conducted their daily lives and thus is important for our comprehension of society. When attempting to understand the culture and identity of those who used a site, small finds evidence can easily be overlooked. However, when we examine the collective data relating to a small find type, such as hairpins or animal bones, interesting patterns emerge. The zonation of specific types or materials, or in the case of the animal remains – taxa, age, etc., can inform us of the social practice conducted on a specific temple site at different periods of time. Using small finds data for temple sites is particular important for studying religious practices in Roman Britain in the 1st to 2nd centuries CE since we lack substantial literary evidence. Approaches to religion within this province routinely analyse broad patterns, and it is time to start looking at each site individually in order to pinpoint the subtleties in local practices and to allow an in-depth examination of what actually happened on site. This sort of fine brush analysis is particularly relevant for data rich sites that have a significant amount of context available for its material finds.
    [Show full text]
  • Seleukos I and the Origin of the Seleukid Dynastic Ideology1
    Seleukos I and the Origin of the Seleukid Dynastic Ideology1 Krzysztof Nawotka This paper deals with the constituent components of the Seleukid ideology in the age of the founder of the dynasty, Seleukos I. It will reassess the role played by Alexander the Great as the point of reference for Seleukos, arguing for Seleukos’ intention to anchor his legitimacy in decisions of Alexander. It will further provide evidence for introducing the idea of the special protection of Apollo enjoyed by the Seleukid dynasty from ca. 300 BCE. It will be shown that this concept did not stem from Seleukos personal piety but it was successfully promoted by the city of Miletus and its prominent citizen, Demodamas. There are a number of generally recognizable features of the Seleukid imagery and ideology. Some are specifically Seleukid, such as the anchor and Apollo seated on the omphalos2 on the coins of the Seleukid era. The others had more universal appeal in the early Hellenistic age, such as putting the king’s name on coins in place of Alexander’s,3 naming newly founded cities or renaming existing ones after members of the royal family, placing the images of elephants on coins4 or advertising victory in royal nicknames (Nikator, Kallinikos, Nikephoros)5 or in names of cities (Nikephorion, Nikopolis).6 Of course nickname Nikator was much more than an image-building trick, as the exceptional military prowess of Seleukos in re-building the empire of Alexander was a fact acknowledged by ancient authors.7 Some of these features proved extremely resistant to the passage of time.
    [Show full text]
  • RELIGIOUS SUPPORT and POLITICAL GAIN: the SELEUCIDS, MILETUS, and DIDYMA, 301-281 BC Reinier Meijering at Least from the Turn Of
    TAL 46-47 -pag 237 - 249 (-03 Meijering):inloop document Talanta 05-06-2016 14:40 Pagina 237 TALANTA XLVI-XLVII (2014-2015), 237 - 249 RELIGIOUS SUPPORT AND POLITICAL GAIN: THE SELEUCIDS, MILETUS, AND DIDYMA, 301-281 BC Reinier Meijering At least from the turn of the third century BC onwards, and presumably already from before 300 BC, members of the house of Seleucus had supported the polis of Miletus and its extramural sanctuary of Apollo in Didyma, which was admin - istered by people from Miletus. Seleucid support of Didyma was, therefore, no coincidence, but keen diplomacy from the part of Seleucus I Nicator and his descendants, aimed to establish political liaisons and expand their influence in this important Greek polis. Introduction It was not until 281 that the Seleucids became the military masters of Ionia for a short period 1. Nevertheless, at least from the turn of the third century onwards, and presumably before 300, members of the house of Seleucus had supported Miletus and its extramural sanctuary of Apollo in Didyma 2. This article’s main hypothesis is that because the Milesian people administered Didyma, Seleucid support of Didyma was no coincidence, but keen diplomacy in order to expand influence in this important Greek polis . Why and how did the Seleucids sustain such intensive relations with the Milesian people? At first sight, Seleucid attendance in Miletus and Didyma in the early third cen - tury is paradoxical, and the scale of Seleucid activity in Miletus striking. Seleucus’ empire was centred in modern day Syria, Iraq, and Iran. Only in 281 he brought Miletus within his direct sphere of influence by defeating and killing Lysimachus in the Battle of Koroupeidion.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded for Personal Non‐Commercial Research Or Study, Without Prior Permission Or Charge
    Magub, Alexandra (2018) Political and Religious Ideologies on Parthian Coins of the 2nd‐1st Centuries BC. PhD thesis. SOAS University of London. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/30283 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. 1 Political and Religious Ideologies on Parthian Coins of the 2nd-1st Centuries BC ALEXANDRA MAGUB Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD 2018 Department of Religions and Philosophies, School of History, Religions and Philosophies SOAS, University of London 3 Brief Abstract This thesis examines a key period of change in Parthian coinage, as the rebellious Parthian satrapy transitioned first from a nomadic to sedentary kingdom in the second half of the 3rd century BC, and then into a great empire during the 2nd-early 1st century BC. The research will focus on the iconography and inscriptions that were employed on the coinage in order to demonstrate how Parthian authorities used these objects to convey political and religious ideologies to a diverse audience.
    [Show full text]
  • 49102863-Alexander-The-Great-S-Failure.Pdf
    ALEXANDER THE GREAT FAILURE This page intentionally left blank Alexander the Great Failure The Collapse of the Macedonian Empire John D. Grainger Hambledon Continuum is an imprint of Continuum Books Continuum UK, The Tower Building, 11 York Road, London SE1 7NX Continuum US, 80 Maiden Lane, Suite 704, New York, NY 10038 www.continuumbooks.com Copyright © John D. Grainger 2007 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission from the publishers. First published 2007 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978 1 84725 188 6 Typeset by Pindar New Zealand (Egan Reid), Auckland, New Zealand Contents List of maps vii List of genealogies vii List of abbreviations viii Introduction xvii 1 Macedon 370–359 bc: a failing state 1 World view I: 360 bc 17 2 The security of Macedon, 359–354 bc 23 3 The defence of the kingdom, 354–346 bc 33 4 Cold war, 346–340 bc 47 5 The conquest of Greece, 340–334 bc 59 6 The great campaign, 334–325 bc 75 7 The united empire, 325–319 bc 87 World view II: 319 bc 99 8 Antigonos the One-Eyed, 319–311 bc 103 9 The new king, 311–306 bc 115 10 Antigonos’ failure, 306–298 bc 127 11 New kings for Macedon, 298–291 bc 137 12 King Demetrios and his enemies, 291–285 bc 147 13 The last chance for the empire, 285–281 bc 157 14 New kings, and disaster, 281–277 bc 165 15 The new world, 277–272 bc 175 World view III: 272 bc 185 Conclusion 189 Notes 195 Bibliography 217 Index 227 Maps The growth of Macedon, 359–334 bc ix The strategic crisis, 331 bc x Alexander’s empire xi The campaign against Antigonos, 302–301 bc xii Successor kingdoms of Alexander’s empire, 272 bc xiii Genealogies The Argead kings of Macedon xiv The family of Antipater xv The house of Antigonos xvi Abbreviations Austin M.M.
    [Show full text]
  • La Basilissa En Els Regnes Hel·Lenístics Selèucides
    La basilissa en els regnes hel·lenístics selèucides Ester Gomà Juncosa Tutor: Victor Revilla Calvo Curs 2017-2018 Treball Final de Grau Grau d'Història Facultat de Geografia i Història Índex INTRODUCCIÓ ............................................................................................................................................... 2 I. LA IDEOLOGIA DE LA MONARQUIA HEL·LENÍSTICA I EL PAPER PÚBLIC DE LA REINA. 4 1. LA MONARQUIA HEL·LENÍSTICA ................................................................................................................. 4 1.1. La naturalesa militar de la monarquia hel·lenística .......................................................................... 4 1.2. Les influències macedòniques i aquemènides .................................................................................... 5 1.3. La ideologia de la monarquia hel·lenística ........................................................................................ 7 2. L’EVOLUCIÓ DEL PAPER PÚBLIC DE LA REINA ............................................................................................. 9 1. Les dones argèades com a primer model .............................................................................................. 9 2. D’esposa a basilissa: legitimació del poder reial ............................................................................... 11 3. De la poligàmia a la monogàmia: Evolució de la imatge pública de la reina.................................... 14 4. La imatge de la reina: Els retrats perduts .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Maes Titianos I La Torre De Pedra (I): Una Font Grega Sobre Els Orígens De La Ruta De La Seda*
    Faventia 24/2 001-204 19/12/02 11:12 Página 105 Faventia 24/2, 2002 105-120 Maes Titianos i la Torre de Pedra (I): una font grega sobre els orígens de la ruta de la seda* Agustí Alemany i Vilamajó Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Departament de Ciències de l’Antiguitat i de l’Edat Mitjana 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona). Spain [email protected] Resum Aquest article és la primera part d’un comentari de Ptolemeu Geografia I 11, 7, i altres passatges que tracten de l’expedició enviada pel mercader macedoni Maes Titianos al «poble de la seda» (Sēres). Està dedicat a l’anàlisi de l’evidència sobre: [1] el nom Maes, sens dubte provinent d’Àsia Menor; [2] el país d’origen de Maes, que, malgrat totes les hipòtesis anteriors (Síria, Egipte, Iran), no pot establir-se amb certesa; tanmateix, suggerim com a alternativa una connexió pòntica, tot i que amb reserves; i [3] la data de l’expedició, molt probablement entre la conquesta de les «Regions Occidentals» pel general xinès Ban Chao (91 dC) i la guerra parta de Trajà (113-17 dC). Una segona part tractarà de reconstruir el viatge dels agents de Maes des de Hieràpolis de Síria fins a Sera, principal ciutat dels sers, a través de la Torre de Pedra. Paraules clau: Maes Titianos, Ptolemeu, ruta de la seda. Abstract This paper is the first part of a commentary on Ptolemy Geography I 11, 7, and related passages dealing with the expedition sent by the Macedonian merchant Maes Titianos to the «Silk People» (Sēres).
    [Show full text]
  • Hellenism and Persianism in the East 201 Reviews 16 Chiara Barbati: Review of Benkato, Adam
    Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies and Culture www.dabirjournal.org Digital Archive of Brief notes & Iran Review ISSN: 2470-4040 No.7.2020 Special Issue: Hellenism and Iran 1 xšnaoθrahe ahurahe mazdå Detail from above the entrance of Tehran’s fijire temple, 1286š/1917–18. Photo by © Shervin Farridnejad The Digital Archive of Brief Notes & Iran Review (DABIR) ISSN: 2470-4040 www.dabirjournal.org Samuel Jordan Center for Persian Studies and Culture University of California, Irvine 1st Floor Humanities Gateway Irvine, CA 92697-3370 Editor-in-Chief Touraj Daryaee (University of California, Irvine) Editors Parsa Daneshmand (Oxford University) Shervin Farridnejad (Freie Universität Berlin/Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien) Judith A. Lerner (ISAW NYU) Book Review Editor Shervin Farridnejad (Freie Universität Berlin/Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien) Advisory Board Samra Azarnouche (École pratique des hautes études); Dominic P. Brookshaw (Oxford University); Matthew Canepa (University of Minnesota); Ashk Dahlén (Uppsala University); Peyvand Firouzeh (Cambridge Univer- sity); Leonardo Gregoratti (Durham University); Frantz Grenet (Collège de France); Wouter F.M. Henkel- man (École Pratique des Hautes Études); Rasoul Jafarian (Tehran University); Nasir al-Ka‘abi (University of Kufa); Andromache Karanika (UC Irvine); Agnes Korn (CNRS, UMR Mondes Iranien et Indien); Lloyd Llewellyn-Jones (University of Edinburgh); Jason Mokhtarain (University of Indiana); Ali Mousavi (UC Irvine); Mahmoud Omidsalar (CSU Los Angeles);
    [Show full text]
  • Kingship in Hellenistic Bactria Gillian Catherine Ramsey B.A., University
    Kingship in Hellenistic Bactria Gillian Catherine Ramsey B.A., University of Regina, 2003 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Greek and Roman Studies O Gillian Catherine Ramsey, 2005 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, with the permission of the author. Supervisors: Dr. Gordon S. Shrimpton Dr. Gregory D. Rowe Abstract This study examines the history of Hellenistic Bactrian kingship and the means by which kings acquired, legitimated, and maintained their authority. The history of this kingship covers the period from Alexander the Great's conquest of Bactria (330-327 BC) to the reign of the last Hellenistic king c. 140 BC during which a number of different dynasties had control. The acquisition of kingship largely followed Alexander's example and conformed to a pattern of imperialistic conquest. Legitimation was closely tied to conquest, as the possession of territory "spear-won" by a triumphant conqueror conferred the opportunity to claim kingship. The extent to which a ruler matched the heroic precendents set by legendary kings of Asia played a large part in identifying men worthy of kingship. The maintenance of kingship was achieved through propaganda, city foundations, and other identifiers of the king's ideological status and through careful control of the royal administration. iii Table of Contents Title Page 1 .. Abstract 11 Table of Contents iii Acknowledgments
    [Show full text]
  • Electrum Vol 22 2 Łam.Indd 17 2015-12-22 13:34:32 18 LAURIANNE MARTINEZ-SÈVE
    ELECTRUM * Vol. 22 (2015): 17–46 doi: 10.4467/20800909EL.15.002.3218 www.ejournals.eu/electrum AI KHANOUM AND GREEK DOMINATION IN CENTRAL ASIA1 Laurianne Martinez-Sève Lille 3 Université Abstract: Ai Khanoum is probably the most important and the best-known of the Greek settle- ments founded in Bactria by the Seleucid kings. The site was excavated between 1964 and 1978, but its chronology remains unclear. The purpose of this article is to give a more accurate view of its history, taking into account the results of recent research. As yet, we are still unable to date with precision the time of its foundation, which was not a single event but a process, going on for several decades between the time Alexander the Great entered eastern Bactria in spring 328 and the time a true city was planned there under Antiochos I. Nevertheless, the development of Ai Khanoum occurred only from the beginning of the second century BC, when the city had become, along with Bactra, the major city of the Graeco-Bactrian kingdom. Under the Seleucids as well as the Graeco-Bactrian kings, Ai Khanoum was thus a royal city and its history was subordinate to those of the Greek kings. Key words: Hellenistic Bactria, Ai Khanoum, Alexander the Great, Seleucid kings, Graeco-Bac- trian kings, Greek colonization. Central Asia was one of the territories conquered by Alexander the Great, leading sub- sequently to Greek immigration (Fig. 1). After his death, the region was initially incor- porated into the Seleucid kingdom, then saw the emergence of independent dynasties that
    [Show full text]
  • P. Kosmin, the Land of the Elephant Kings
    P. Kosmin, The Land of the Elephant Kings. Space, Territory, and Ideology in the Seleucid Empire. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 2014. pp. xvi + 423. 9 maps, 15 illustrations. ISBN: 978-0-674-72882-0. This book investigates how the Seleucid kings “worked hard to make the imperial space their own, how they tried to transform the landscape over which they ruled into a meaningful and legitimate territory”. It is about the necessity that “the land had to become Seleucid”—a (central) aspect of the larger question of how Seleucid kings “could govern such an arbitrary and complicated space and ... legitimize their rule over it”. Devotees of Xenophon will recognize a version of the question posed about Persian rule at the start of Cyropaedia. Xenophon’s answer privileged the ruler’s capacity as personal leader—someone who can manipulate people through direct contact or institutionalized structures. K.’s answer is of a different sort. But one of his conclusions is that the articulation of landscape created ultimately fatal fault-lines; and one of Xenophon’s insights is the vulnerability of a system heavily dependent upon an individual’s personal qualities. In both cases the seeds of failure lie in the nature of previous success. The book falls into two sections. Section A (Parts I–II) uses discussion of the kingdom’s eastern, northern and western limits to address the establishment of what classically constituted the Kingdom of Asia—the Seleucid successor to Alexander’s implicit entity of the same name. Section B (Parts III–IV) deals with the “how this closed space was articulated and practiced”.
    [Show full text]