Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-10444-0 — Rome and the Third Macedonian War Paul J

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Index

Abdera, Greek city on the h racian coast, 15n. second year 41 , 60 , 174 political disruption sparked by Roman h ird Macedonian War embassy, 143 second year troubles with Sparta, 13 , 82n. 23 brutalized by Hortensius, 140 Acilius Glabrio, M’. (cos. 191), 44 , 59n. 12 embassy to Rome, 140 Aetolian War s.c. de Abderitis issued, 140 , see also second year Appendix C passim given (unsolicited) strategic advice by Abrupolis, king of the h racian Sapaei, 15n. 41 Flamininus, 42 attacks Macedonia (179), 58 , 81 Syrian and Aetolian Wars Acarnania, Acarnanians, 14 second year deprived of the city of Leucas (167), 177 Battle of h ermopylae, 36 – 37 First Macedonian War recovers some cities in h essaly, 36 Roman operations in (211), 25 Aelius Ligus, P. (cos. 172), 112 politicians exiled to Italy (167), 177 Aemilius Lepidus, M. (ambassador) h ird Macedonian War embassy to Philip V at Abydus (200), 28 , second year 28n. 53 political disruption sparked by Roman Aenus and Maronea, Greek cities on the embassy, 143 h racian coast, 40 , 60 , 140 , 174 two executed by the Athenians (201), 28n. 53 declared free by the senate, 46 – 47 Achaean League, Achaeans, 12 – 13 dispute between Philip V and Rome over, Achaean War (146), 194 44 – 45 , 55 , 86 , 92 , 180 Archon- Callicrates debate (175), 61 , 61n. 29 , embassy to Rome from Maronean exiles (186/ 62n. 30 , 94 – 96 5), 45 congratulated by Rome for resisting Perseus Maronean exiles address senatorial (173), 66 , 117 commission (185), 46 conquest of the Peloponnese, 13 , 82n. 21 Maroneans allegedly massacred at Philip V’s courted by Perseus (175), 60 – 61 , 80 , 89 , orders (184), 47 , 55 , 92 , 180 117 , 118 Rome refuses to restore to Pergamene Fourth Macedonian War control, 182 i rst year Aetolian League, Aetolians, 12 supplies troops to Scipio Nasica, alliance with Antiochus III, 34n. 88 , 36 187 , 194 civil strife (170s), 71 over a thousand politicians exiled to Italy Roman attempts to end (174), 65 – 66 , 121 (167), 177 debts cancelled (177), 59 , 80 , 89 , 90 , 117 Second Macedonian War defends Delphi against the Celts (279), 12 third year embassy to Philip V (193), 39 , 46 sides with Rome (198), 13 , 32 embassy to Rome (172), 199 h ird Macedonian War embassy to Rome (202), 27 i rst year massacre of principes by pro- Roman contributes troops to Roman war politicians (167), 177 ef ort, 128 politicians exiled to Italy (167), 177 228

Index 229

receives Macedonian garrison (177), 60 , 62n. captured by the Romans, 128 30 , 65 , 72 , 80 , 89 amicitia , ”friendship”, 63 , 81 – 82 , 84 , 85 , 116 , 121 , Second Macedonian War 180 – 181 anger with Rome over settlement, 36 amicus, amici , ”friends of the Roman people” i rst year Abrupolis, 71 refuses to aid Romans, 30 Apollonia, 22 second year Arthetaurus, 71 defeated by Philip V, 31 Demetrius of Pharos, 19 h ird Macedonian War Egypt, 19 i rst year Elis, Sparta, and Messenia, 25 Battle of Callicinus in Illyria, 3 , 14 blamed for Roman defeat, leaders sent Issa, 69 to Rome under guard, 131 Pergamum, 11 , 26 contributes troops to Roman war Rhodes, 11 ef ort, 128 Seleucid Empire, 35 second year h racian tribes (172), 69 political disruption sparked by Roman Amphipolis (Macedonian city), 58 , 84 , 140 , 169 , embassy, 143 169n. 161 , 170 , 173 , 174 treaty of alliance with Rome (211), 12 , 24 , 25 , Amynander, king of the Athamanians, see 25n. 36 Acarnania, Acarnanians treaty of peace with Philip V (206), 12 , 26 Andriscus (Philip VI), Macedonian pretender, Aetolian War (192− 189) 186 – 191 causes arrested by Demetrius I, sent to Rome, 186 Aetolian anger with Rome over Second war with Rome, see also Macedonian Macedonian War settlement, 36 War, Fourth i rst year Anicius Gallus, Cn. (legate) defection of Greeks from Rome, 36 h ird Macedonian War Seleucid troops massacre Roman garrison fourth year at Delium, 36 attacks Aeginium, 169 – 170 second year Anicius Gallus, L. (pr. 168), 159 , 175 Acilius Glabrio, Baebius Tamphilus, and commissioner for the Roman settlement of Philip V recover some cities in Illyria (167), 175 h essaly, 36 h ird Macedonian War Flamininus gives Acilius Glabrio fourth year (unsolicited) strategic advice, 42 defeats Genthius, 161 – 162 Heracela besieged by Acilius Annius Luscus, T. (ambassador), see Appendix Glabrio , 42 A passim Lamia besieged by Philip V, 42 , 46 , 94 Anticyra, city in Phocis third year First Macedonian War Aetolian operations against Philip V, 43 captured by the Romans (210), 25 Philip V assists Roman army marching Antigonus II Gonatas, Macedonian king, 5 , 5n. overland through Macedonia and 14 , 9n. 36 h race, 39 , 43 Antigonus III Doson, Macedonian king, fourth year 5n. 14 , 13 peace settlement, 37n. 106 , 43 Battle of Sellasia (222), 20 Alexander (V), Macedonian pretender, 187 Antigonus the One- Eyed, 12 , 55 Alexander I, Epirote Molossian king Antigonus, son of Echecrates invasion of Italy (334– 330), 14 , 18 – 19 , 176 chosen Philip V’s successor, 54 , 97 Alexander the Great, Macedonian king, 1 , 6n. executed by Perseus, 57 23 , 7n. 25 , 9 , 14 , 15 , 19 , 35, 55 , 126 reveals to Philip V Perseus’ plot to eliminate and Roman embassy at Babylon (323), 18 Demetrius, 54 orders Romans to stop Etruscan pirate Antiochus III the Great, Seleucid king, see also raids, 18 Aetolian War (192– 189) and Alope, city in Phthiotic Achaea, 40 , 46 Syrian War (192– 188), h ird Macedonian War conquests, 10 , 15 i rst year inability to reconquer Pergamum, 11

230 Index

Antiochus III the Great, Seleucid king (cont.) embassy to Rome (186/ 5), 45 makes Seleucid empire a Roman amicus Second Macedonian War (200), 35 second year pact with Philip V (203/ 2), 27 , 35 , 102n. 114 defeated by Philip V, 31 parallels with situation in late 170s, Syrian War and Aetolian Wars 107 – 110 major cities defect from Rome, 36 Syrian and Aetolian Wars Athenaeus, brother of Attalus II and Eumenes second year II, 128 Battle of h ermopylae, 36 – 37 h ird Macedonian War Syrian War, 34 fourth year third year at the Battle of Pydna, 167n. 153 Battle of Magnesia, 37 Athens, Athenians, 78n. 2 , 82n. 20 , 104n. 127 negotiations with L. Scipio fail, 37 attacked by Macedon (200), 28 fourth- i fth years embassy to Rome (201), 27 – 28 , 120 agrees to peace terms (Peace of executes two Acarnanians (201), 28n. 53 Apamea), 37 – 38 h ird Macedonian War Antiochus IV Epiphanes, Seleucid king second year accession to the throne and its ef ects, 101 – 110 embassy to Rome, 141 charm of ensive toward Greek states, 103 – 104 Atilius Serranus, A. (ambassador, legate), 70 , eagerness to provoke Sixth Ptolemaic – 73 , 125 Seleucid War (“Sixth Syrian War”) and noua sapientia debate (171), 110 – 113 (mid- late 170s), 101 – 110 Attalus I, king of Pergamum, 28 embassy to Rome (173), 105 – 106 declares himself king, 11 expansion, 11 defeats Galatians, 11 ordered to retreat from Egypt by Rome (168), makes Pergamum a Roman amicus 177 – 178 (209/ 8), 11 , 26 rejects Perseus’ alliance request, 73 , 124 Attalus II, brother of Eumenes II, 128 h ird Macedonian War cultivation by Rome, 182 , 184 fourth year requests that Aenus and Maronea be restored refuses to support Perseus, 160 to Pergamene control, 182 Antiochus V Eupator, Seleucid king, 105 h ird Macedonian War Antron, city in Phthiotic Achaea, 40 , 46 , 86 i rst year h ird Macedonian War at the Battle of Callicinus, 130 i rst year at the Battle of Crannon, 136 surrenders to the Romans, 137 third year Apelles, Friend of Philip V, 49 , 52 , 52n. 62 , 54 accompanies Roman invasion of Apollonia, Greek city, 22 , 31 , 76 , 76n. 88 , 124 , Macedonia, 151 126 , 127 , 145 , 162 , 205n. 8 fourth year First Macedonian War at the Battle of Pydna, 167n. 153 besieged by Philip V (214), 25 siege lifted by Valerius Laevinus (214), 25 Baebius Tamphilus, M. (pr. 191), 45 h ird Macedonian War Syrian and Aetolian Wars i rst year second year contributes troops to Roman war recovers some cities in h essaly, 36 ef ort, 128 Baebius, A. (praef.) Apollonius of Miletus, advisor to Antiochus IV, oversees massacre of Aetolian principes 104 , 105 by pro- Roman politicians embassy to Rome (173), 105 – 106 (167), 177 Appian of Alexandria, historian Baebius, Q. (tr. pl. 200) use of Polybius as a source, 97 – 98 , 115n. 173 urges rejection of declaration of war on Ardiaei, an Illyrian people, see Illyria, Illyrians Macedon, 28 Arthetaurus, Illyrian king, 71 , 72 Bastarnae, Bastarnians, 15 Athamania, Athamanians, 13 h ird Macedonian War Aetolian War second year operations against Philip V, 43 resume relations with Perseus, 141

Index 231

fourth year Cato the Elder, 107 , 111 refuse to support Perseus, 160 aristeia of his son at the Battle of Pydna, transfer to Dardania by Philip V, 40 , 169n. 160 57 – 58 , 99 – 100 as a source for Polybius, 158n. 124 war with Dardanians (early 170s), 62 – 63 criticism of kings, 114 – 115 Bithynia, Asia Minor kingdom, 11 , see also defense of Rhodes (167), 74n. 83 , 181 , 181n. 32 Prusias II, king of Bithynia on bipolar balancing, 74n. 83 Boeotia, Boeotians, 13 on Rome’s inability to defend civil strife and breakup of Boeotian League Macedonia, 190 (172), 111 on the decline of morality, 115 embassy to Macedon (172), 75 , 93 , 198 – 199 Chalcis, Greek city, 30 , 30n. 61 , 32 , 36 , 68 , 72 , politicians exiled to Italy (167), 177 73 , 73n. 79 , 128 , 128n. 20 , 140n. 66 , Syrian and Aetolian Wars 148 , 204 , 206 , 209 i rst year Syrian and Aetolian Wars defects from Rome, 36 i rst year treaty of alliance with Perseus (174), 61 , 70 , defects from Rome, 36 71 , 80 , 89 h ird Macedonian War Bottia, region in Macedonia, 84 , 174 i rst year Byzantium, 60 brutalized by Lucretius, 140 receives military assistance from Perseus (174), second year 61 , 62n. 30 , 71 , 72 , 80 , 89 brutalized by Hortensius, 140 , 209 embassy to Rome, 140 Caecilius Metellus, Q. (ambassador), 45 Claudius Centho, Ap. (legate, ambassador), 2n. Caecilius Metellus, Q. (pr. 148) 6 , 154 , 154n. 114 , 158 , 159 , 161 celebrates triumph over Andriscus, 188 embassy to Macedon (172), see Appendix Fourth Macedonian War A passim third year h ird Macedonian War defeated by Andriscus in cavalry second year skirmish, 187 operations in Epirus, 145 defeats Andriscus at the Battle of two assaults on Uscana, see Appendix Pydna, 187 D passim Callicrates of Leontium, Achaean League Claudius Centho, C. (legate), 30 politician Second Macedonian War despised by his fellow citizens (after 167), 184 i rst year speech against Perseus (175/ 4), 48n. 43 , 61 , 85 , defends Athens, 30 91n. 64 , 94 – 95 , 117 , 121 Claudius Marcellus, M. (ambassador), 66 Carthage, Carthaginians Claudius Marcellus, M. (legate), 149 accused by Massinissa of meeting with Claudius Marcellus, M. (pr. 169), 147 Macedonian ambassadors (174), Claudius Nero, Ti. (ambassador), 69 65 , 91n. 62 Claudius Pulcher, C. (cens. 169), 148 First Punic War (264– 241), 3 , 20 Cleopatra Syra, queen of Egypt, daughter of Second Punic War (218– 201), 3 , 23 , 65 Antiochus III h ird Macedonian War death and its ef ects (176), 102 – 103 i rst year Cleuas, Macedonian garrison commander naval contribution to Roman war h ird Macedonian War ef ort, 125 second year second year operations in Epirus, 145 embassy to Rome, 142 Coele- Syria treaty with Philip V (215), 7 , 29 Ptolemaic – Seleucid wars (”Syrian Wars”) Cassius Longinus, C. (cos. 171) over, 10 , 101 – 110 dispute over Macedonian command (171), 112 Coelius, L. (legate) h ird Macedonian War h ird Macedonian War i rst year second year invades Illyria and Macedonia, 112 fails to take Uscana, see Appendix D Cassius, C. (tr. mil.), 162 passim

232 Index

commissions, senatorial fragments of Aemilius Paullus’ victory about Philip V (185), 45 – 46 , 63 , 83 – 84 , monument at, 218n. 15 86 , 94 inscription listing charges against Perseus investigates Seleucid empire (162), 184 (RDGE 40), 79 , 84 , 88 , 90 , 99 , 123 Corcyra, Greek island, 14 , 30 , 70 , 125 , 204 Delphic Amphictyony, 12 Corinth, 26n. 40 , 32 , 66 , 194 grants Macedon place on Council (178), 59 Cornelius Lentulus, P. (ambassador, tr. mil.), 70 Demetrias, Greek city, 30 , 32 , 36 , 36n. 101 , 40 , h ird Macedonian War 45 , 86 , 125 , 137 , 155 , 156n. 115 i rst year Demetrius I Soter, Seleucid king, 105 besieges Haliartus, ordered to stop, 128 arrests Andriscus, sends him to Rome garrisons h ebes, 125 (151), 186 Cornelius Lentulus, Ser. (ambassador), 70 , 73 escapes Rome, usurps Seleucid throne Coronea, Boeotian city, 57 , 57n. 3 , 72 , 75 , (161), 183 75n. 86 replaces Ariarathes V with Orophernes on h ird Macedonian War Cappadocian throne (158), 183 – 184 i rst year Demetrius II, Macedonian king, 15 attacked by the Romans, 137 Demetrius of Pharos, Illyrian dynast, see also embassy to Rome, 139 – 140 Illyria, Illyrians, Illyrian Wars (229 s.c. de Coronaeis issued , 139 – 140 , see also and 219) Appendix C passim convinces Philip V to turn to the West, 22 surrenders to and brutalized by Licinius, provision in treaty between Macedon and 139 – 140 Carthage concerning (215), 23n. 25 Cotys, chieftain of the Odrysian h racians rewarded by Rome (229), 19 alliance with Perseus (early 170s), 60 , Demetrius the Besieger, 12 , 13 101n. 109 orders Romans to stop Etruscan pirate h ird Macedonian War raids, 18 i rst year Demetrius, son of Philip V at the Battle of Callicinus, 129 hostage in Rome (196– 190), 48 , 104n. 127 dismissed with gifts by Perseus, 137 murdered, 54 , 94 , 97 kingdom invaded and territory private discussion with Flamininus seized, 137 (184), 49 , 52 fourth year returned to Macedon (190), 39 – 40 at the Battle of Pydna, 168 rivalry with Perseus, 47 – 54 , 94 Crete, Cretans sent to Rome as ambassador (184), 47 , h ird Macedonian War 48 – 49 , 55 second year Dicetas, Boeotian politician, 72 , 73 embassy to Rome, 142 Didas, general of Philip V, 53 , 54 garrison Uscana, see Appendix D passim poisons Demetrius, son of Philip V, 54 Cynoscephalae, Battle of (197), 33 h ird Macedonian War i rst year Dardanians, 15 at the Battle of Callicinus, 129 embassy to Rome (177), 62 , 64 , 99 , 117 , 200 Digitius, Sex. (tr. mil.) Philip V’s plan to transfer Bastarnae to their h ird Macedonian War territory, 40 , 57 – 58 , 99 – 100 second year Second Macedonian War reports to the senate on war’s second year progress, 146 attacked by Macedonians, 31 Dium, Macedonian city, 149 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 157 , h ird Macedonian War 158 , 171 , 216 second year Dolopia, Dolopians, 83 attacked by Perseus, 141 assassinate their Macedonian governor war with Bastarnae (early 170s), 62 – 63 Euphranor (mid- 170s), 72 , 83 war with h racians, 58 conquered by Macedon (late 3rd c.), 83 Decimius, M. (ambassador), 69 removed from Macedonian control (196), 83 Delos, 57 , 61 , 61n. 29 , 161 subdued by Perseus (mid- 170s), 63 , 71 , 72 , 80 , Delphi, 57 , 61 83 – 85 , 117 , 120 assassination attempt on Eumenes II at (172), Doris, region in central Greece 68 , 71 , 80 , 87 – 88 civil strife involving Perseus, 80 , 85 , 89

Index 233

Egypt, 11 hired by Perseus to assassinate Eumenes II embassy to Rome (201), 27 – 28 (172), 68 , 87 – 88 wars over Coele- Syria (”Syrian Wars”), 10 , h ird Macedonian War 101 – 110 i rst year Eleusis at the Battle of Callicinus suburb of Alexandria, Egypt, 177 – 178 convinces Perseus to call of Elimea, region in Macedonia, 127 , 141 , 145 battle, 130 Elis, region in the Peloponnese fourth year First Macedonian War accompanies Perseus to Samothrace after joins Rome against Philip V (210), 25 Pydna, 169 Syrian and Aetolian Wars assassinated on Perseus’ orders, 169 i rst year defects from Rome, 36 Fabius Labeo, Q. (legate) Eordaea, region in Macedonia, 126 destroys Antissa (167), 177 Epirus, Epirotes, 14 Fabius Maximus, Q. (legate) politicians exiled to Italy (167), 177 raids Illyrians (167), 175n. 14 Roman reprisals against Perseus’ Molossian h ird Macedonian War Epirote allies (167), 175 – 176 fourth year Second Macedonian War (198 campaign) executes l anking maneuver around brokers Aous conference, 31 Mt. Olympus, 163 – 165 , see also Eulaeus and Lenaeus, advisers to Ptolemy VI Appendix F passim Philometor i des , “good faith”, 29 , 111 eagerness to provoke Sixth Ptolemaic – Flamininus, T. Quinctius (cos. 198, procos. Seleucid War (”Sixth Syrian War”) 197– 194, ambassador 191– 190) (mid- late 170s), 101 – 110 Aetolian War Eumenes II, king of Pergamum second year accuses Rhodes of disloyalty to strategic advice (unsolicited) to Acilius Rome, 74n. 81 Glabrio, 42 death (159), 185 i rst letter to Philip V (184), 49 embassies from Greek cities about Perseus orders Messenia to become part of the (mid- 170s), 64 , 87 Achaean League (191), 82n. 21 expansion, 11 private discussion with Demetrius, son of gains in Asia Minor after Syrian War, 44 Philip V (184), 49 , 52 gains in Europe after Syrian War, 44 proclaims freedom of the Greeks helps Antiochus IV secure Seleucid throne (196), 34 (175), 100 , 104 second letter to Philip V (181), 49 – 50 , 54 humiliated by Rome (167/ 6), 181 – 182 Second Macedonian War popularity with the Greeks (after 167), 183 , 185 third year speech to the senate against Perseus (172), 60 , Aous conference, 31 67 , 76 , 85 , 88 , 91 , 97 , 99 , 114 , 115 – arrives at Aous gorge, skirmishes with 116 , 121 , see also Appendix A passim Macedonians, 31 h ird Macedonian War captures cities in Phocis, 31 – 32 i rst year conference at Nicea, 32 at the Battle of Callicinus, 130 convinces Achaean League to join Rome at the Battle of Crannon, 136 (198), 13 , 32 contributes troops to Roman war destroys Phaloria, attacks outposts of ef ort, 128 Aeginium, fails to take Atrax by third year siege, 31 – 32 participation in Roman campaign in fourth year Chalcidice, 155 , 158 Battle of Cynoscephalae, 33 fourth year takes leave of the Greeks, 35 , 119 alleged secret deal with freedom of the Greeks, 7 , 34 – 35 , 74 – 75 Perseus, 160 , 181 Furius, C. (naval legate), 142 victim of assassination attempt at Delphi (172), 68 , 71 , 80 , 87 – 88 Galatians, 11 war on the Galatians (168– 166), 182 , 184 declared free by Rome (166), 182 Evander, Cretan mercenary captain h ird Macedonian War

234 Index

Galatians (cont.) raided by Scipio Nasica and Fabius Maximus fourth year (167), 175n. 14 horse transports intercepted by Roman settlement (167), 175 Macedonians at sea, 161 Ismenias, stratēgos of the Boeotian League (173/ war with Eumenes (168– 166), 182 , 184 2), 70 , 72 , 73 Genthius, Illyrian king Issa, Issaei, Greek island, 142 , 175 attacks Issa (172), 69 embassy to Rome (172), 69 , 197 h ird Macedonian War Iuventus h alna, P. (pr. 149) i rst year Fourth Macedonian War (unwittingly?) supplies i fty- four lemboi second year to the Romans, 125n. 6 defeated by Andriscus and killed, 187 second year embassies to Perseus, 145 – 146 Lamia, city in Malis, 26n. 39 , 40 fourth year Aetolian War alliance with Perseus, 159 second year arrests Roman ambassadors Petilius and besieged by Philip V, 42 , 46 , 94 Perpenna, 162 Larisa Cremaste, city in Phthiotic Achaea, defeated by Rome, 161 – 162 40 , 46 , 86 Gonnus, h essalian city, 127 , 132 , 137 h ird Macedonian War i rst year Hagesilochus, Rhodian politician (prytanis 172), attacked by the Romans, 128 , 137 73 , 125n. 8 Larissa, h essalian city, 31 , 125 , 127 , 131 , 132 , 137 , embassy to Rome (169), 156 , 178 143 , 144n. 83 , 153 , 204 , 205 Haliartus, Boeotian city, 72 , 75 , 75n. 86 Licinius Crassus, C. (cos. 168), 130 , 159 h ird Macedonian War Licinius Crassus, P. (cos. 171) i rst year dispute over Macedonian command (171), 112 besieged by the Romans, 128 , 134 h ird Macedonian War destroyed by the Romans, 134 i rst year Hannibal, Carthaginian commander, 4 , attacks Coronea, 137 23 , 27 , 92 attacks Larisa Cremaste, 137 destroys Saguntum (219), 28 , 81n. 18 Battle of Callicinus, 128 – 133 Second Punic War (218– 201), 3 , 11 Battle of Crannon, 135 – 137 Syrian War captures and sacks Malloea in third year Perrhaebia, 137 commands Seleucid l eet, 37 destroys Pteleum, 137 Heraclea, city in Malis dii culties conducting the levy, 99 , 113n. Aetolian War 160 , 114 second year march to h essaly, rendezvous with besieged by Acilius Glabrio, 42 allied contingents, 127 – 128 Heracleum, Macedonian city, 149 , 151 , 155 , 156 , mobilization, 76 , 124 – 126 157 , 163 , 215 , 216 receives surrender of and brutalizes Hippias of Beroea, Macedonian general, 126 , Coronea, 139 – 140 127 , 130 , 148 , 149 , 151n. 105 , 153 , 213 receives surrender of Antron, 137 Hortensius, L. (pr. 170) recovers Tripolis (Azorus, Pythium, and h ird Macedonian War Doliche), 137 second year Liguria, Ligurians, 75 brutalizes Abdera, 140 assigned as province to consuls (172), 76 brutalizes Chalcis, 140 , 209 Ligurian War (197– 172), 113 Hostilius Mancinus, A. (cos. 170), 148 Lissus, Greek city, 27 , 161 h ird Macedonian War Locris, region in central Greece, 12 , 14 , 32 second year Lucretius Gallus, C. (pr. 171) almost kidnapped, defeated in battle by h ird Macedonian War Perseus, 141 , 176 i rst year besieges and destroys Haliartus, 134 Illyria, Illyrians, 14 brutalizes Chalcis, 140 , 209 embassy to Rome (172), 69 , 142 captures h isbe, punishes Macedonian Illyrian Wars (229 and 219), 3 , 14 , 20 partisans, 134 , 140n. 62

Index 235

naval operations, 128 i rst year Lucretius, M. (legate) Aetolian League refuses to aid Romans, 30 h ird Macedonian War Claudius Centho defends Athens, 30 i rst year Philip V attacks Athens, ravages Attic blockades Haliartus, 128 countryside, 30 Lucretius, Sp. (legate), 153 fourth year Lycia, Lycians, region in SW Asia Minor Battle of Cynoscephalae, 33 Romans attempt to free from Rhodian second year control (177), 84 , 120 Macedonians defeat Dardanians, 31 uprising against Rhodes (late 170s), 67 Philip V victorious over the Aetolians and Lyncestis, region in Macedonia, 30 Athamanians, 31 Roman l eet takes Oreus, 31 Macedonia, Macedonians Roman victories over Macedonian army, 9 – 10 , 129n. 26 forces, 30 – 31 civil strife in (after 167), 186 third year merides , 5 , 84 , 173 – 174 , 185 , 186 , 188 – 191 Achaean League joins Rome, 13 , 31 – 32 political structure and institutions, 4 – 9 Aous conference, 31 Macedonian War, First (214– 205), 13 , 24 – 27 , 32 conference at Nicaea, 32 Apollonia besieged by Philip V (214), 25 Flamininus captures cities in Phocis, 31 – 32 Elis, Sparta, and Messenia join Rome against Flamininus destroys Phaloria, attacks Philip (210), 25 outposts of Aeginium, fails to take mediation attempts (209, 208, 207), 26 Atrax by siege, 31 – 32 Oricum captured by Philip V (214), 24 Macedonian embassy to Rome, 32 Pergamum becomes a Roman amicus Philip V retreats to and plunders h essaly, (209/ 8), 11 , 26 withdraws to Tempe pass, 31 Philip V captures Lissus (213/ 2), 25 skirmishing in Aous gorge, 31 Philip V’s operations in the Peloponnese and fourth year Illyria (213– 212), 25 Battle of Cynoscephalae, 33 Roman and Macedonian operations i fth year (209), 26 settlement and peace, 34 , 82n. 22 Roman operations in Acarnania and on Macedonian War, h ird (171– 168) Zacynthus (211), 25 causes Romans capture Anticyra (210), 25 defensive/ pre- emptive theories treaty between Rome and Philip V (“Peace of coalition of kings, 100 Phoenice”) (205), 25n. 36 , 27 , 28 coalition of kings (revised), 101 – 110 treaty of alliance between Rome and the parallels between late 200s and late 170s, Aetolian League (211), 12 , 24 , 25 107 – 110 treaty of peace between Philip V and the Perseus inherits Philip V’s secret war Aetolian League (206), 12 , 26 plans, 91 – 100 Valerius Laevinus recaptures Oricum synthesis, 121 – 123 (214), 25 systemic theories Valerius Laevinus relieves siege of Apollonia economic crisis/ social revolution, (214), 25 117 – 119 Macedonian War, Fourth (150– 148), 186 – 191 pericentric theories, 120 – 121 i rst year political polarization of the Greek Achaean League supplies troops to Scipio world, 119 Nasica, 187 , 194 zero- sum psychology of imperial second year relationship, 119 – 120 Iuventius h alna defeated by Andriscus theories of Roman aggression and killed, 187 exceptional bellicosity (gloria - seeking third year and greed), 113 – 115 Andriscus defeats Romans in cavalry intolerance of Perseus’ pretensions to skirmish, 187 status equality, 116 Romans defeat Andriscus at Pydna, 187 party political explanations, 110 – 113 Macedonian War, Second (200– 196), 13 , resentment at being replaced as 27 – 35 , 48 hegemon, 115 – 116 causes, 29 – 30 i rst year, 124 – 139

236 Index

Macedonian War, h ird (171– 168) (cont.) sparks political disruption in Achaea, Alope captured by the Romans, 128 Aetolia, and Acarnania, 143 Antron surrenders to the Romans, 137 embassy from h isbe to Rome, 140 Battle of Callicinus, 128 – 133 L. Coelius fails to take Uscana, see Battle of Crannon, 135 – 137 Appendix D passim Chalcis brutalized by Lucretius, 140 , 209 Oreus raided by Perseus, 140 – 141 Coronea attacked by the Romans, 137 Perseus campaigns in Perrhaebia, h essaly, Coronea surrenders to and brutalized by and against the Dardanians, 141 Licinius, 139 – 140 Perseus resumes relations with the Cotys dismissed by Perseus with gifts, 137 Bastarnae, 141 embassy from Coronea to Rome, 139 – 140 Perseus’ winter campaign in Illyria failed Macedonian attack on Roman camp, capture of Uscana, 144 , see also 134 – 135 Appendix D passim Larisa Cremaste attacked by the Romans, Roman and Macedonian operations in 128 , 137 Epirus, 145 Licinius captures and sacks Malloea in Roman naval reinforcements sent to Perrhaebia, 137 Illyria, 142 Macedonian mobilization, 126 s.c. de Abderitis issued, 140 , see also Perseus seizes Volustana and Tempe passes, Appendix C passim 126 – 127 s.c. de h isbensibus issued, 140 , see also Pteleum destroyed by the Romans, 137 Appendix C passim Roman mobilization, 76 , 124 – 126 Sex. Digitius reports to the senate on war’s Roman naval operations, 128 progress, 146 Romans besiege and destroy third year, 147 – 158 Haliartus, 134 embassy from Prusias II to Rome, 142 Romans capture h isbe, punish embassy from Rhodes to Macedonian partisans, 134 , Rome, 156 , 178 140n. 62 Perseus abandons passes into Macedonia, Romans march to h essaly, rendezvous 151 – 153 with allied contingents, 127 – 128 Perseus occupies passes into Macedonia, s.c. de Coronaeis issued , 139 – 140 , see also 148 – 149 Appendix C passim Roman campaign in Chalcidice, 155 – 156 Tripolis (Azorus, Pythium, and Doliche) Roman invasion of Macedonia, 148 – 151 , see recovered by the Romans, 137 also Appendix E passim surrenders to Perseus, 127 Roman operations in Macedonia second year, 139 – 147 capture of Agassae, Pydna, Heracleum, Abdera brutalized by Hortensius, 140 Tempe pass, 153 – 154 Chalcis brutalized by Hortensius, 140 , 209 Roman troubles with the levy, 147 – 148 Claudius Centho makes two assaults on fourth year Uscana, see Appendix D passim alleged secret deal between Perseus and consul Hostilius almost kidnapped, Eumenes II, 160 defeated in battle by Perseus, alliance between Perseus and 141 , 176 Genthius, 159 embassies exchanged between Genthius Battle of Pydna, 9 , 10 , 165 – 169 and Perseus, 145 – 146 heroic self- sacrii ce of Paeligni and embassies from Miletus, Alabanda, and Marrucini at, 167 – 168 Lampsacus to Rome, 141 – 142 Perseus l ees battlei eld early (?), embassy from Abdera to Rome, 140 168n. 159 embassy from Athens to Rome, 141 Pydna taken and plundered after embassy from Carthage to Rome, 142 battle, 169 embassy from Chalcis to Rome, 140 Cn. Anicius attacks Aeginium, 169 – 170 embassy from Cretans to Rome, 142 Cn. Octavius takes and plunders embassy from Massinssa to Rome, 142 Meliboea, 169 embassy from the Romans to embassy from Rhodes to Aemilius Paullus Greece, 143 in Macedonia, 163

Index 237

embassy from the Romans to Massinissa, Numidian king, 214 Genthius, 162 embassy to Rome (174), 65 , 91n. 62 Galatian horse transports intercepted by h ird Macedonian War Macedonians at sea, 161 i rst year Genthius arrests Roman ambassadors contributions to Roman war Petilius and Perpenna, 162 ef ort, 132 Genthius defeated by Rome, 161 – 162 second year naval encounters in the Aegean, embassy to Rome, 142 160 – 161 merides , see Macedonia Paullus’ report on Roman position in Messenia, region in the Peloponnese, 25 , 70 , Macedonia, 158 – 159 82n. 21 Perseus fails to secure the support of the First Macedonian War Bastarnae, Antiochus IV, and joins Rome against Philip V (210), Rhodes, 160 , 178 2 5 Perseus l ees to Samothrace after Pydna, 169 Minucius Rufus, T. (legate), 127 Roman military arrangements, 159 Misacenes (?), son of Massinissa, 132 Scipio Nasica and Fabius Maximus h ird Macedonian War execute l anking maneuver around i rst year Mt. Olympus, 163 – 165 , see also at the Battle of Crannon, 136 Appendix F passim third year Scipio Nasica plunders Sintica, 169 accompanies Roman invasion of Macedonian War, h ird (172– 168) Macedonia, 151 chronology of escalation phase, see Molossians, an Epirote people, see Epirus, Appendix B passim Epirotes specii c charges against Perseus, 79 – 81 Mucius Scaevola, Q. (legate), 130 Magnesia, Battle of, 37 h ird Macedonian War Malian Gulf, 26n. 39 , 40 , 86 i rst year Marcius Figulus, C. (pr. 169), 148 , 154 sent to hold Ambracia with 2,000 h ird Macedonian War men, 137 third year Myonessus, Battle of (190), 37 campaigns in Chalcidice, 155 – 156 departs with Roman l eet, 148 Nabis, Spartan king Marcius Philippus, Q. (cos. II 169), 2n. 6 , 124 , Second Macedonian War 143 , 159 third year and noua sapientia debate (171), 110 – 113 joins Philip V, 32 embassy to Greece (172), 69 – 73 third– fourth year negotiations with Perseus (172), 71 – 72 , joins Rome, 32 77 , 85 – 86 , 88 – 90 , 116 , 198 , see war with Rome (195), 39 , 55 also Rome, Romans, embassy to Neon of h ebes, Boeotian politician, 72 , 73 Greece (172) beheaded on Aemilius Paullus’ orders h ird Macedonian War (167), 177 i rst year h ird Macedonian War captures Alope, 128 fourth year naval operations, 128 accompanies Perseus to Samothrace after third year Pydna, 169 advises Rhodians to mediate between Rome and Perseus, 156 , 178 Octavius, Cn. (pr. 168), 143 , 157 , 163 , 164 allotted Macedonia as his province, senatorial commission to the East (162), 184 departure, 148 h ird Macedonian War invasion of Macedonia, 148 – 151 , see also fourth year Appendix E passim takes and plunders Meliboea, 169 Marcius Philippus, Q. (legate), 149 Oreus, Greek city, 140 , 146 , 156 , 161 Marrucini, Italian people h ird Macedonian War heroic self- sacrii ce at the Battle of Pydna, second year 167 – 168 raided by Perseus, 140 – 141

238 Index

Oricum, Illyrian city declared a Roman hostis (172), 69 , 77 , 100 First Macedonian War embassy to Rhodes (172), 74 – 75 , 178 , 198 captured by Philip V (214), 24 embassy to Rome (172), 67 , 124 , 198 recaptured by Laevinus (214), 25 embassy to Rome (175), 62 i ghts in Aetolian War, 48 Paeligni, Italian people gains Macedon a place on Amphictyonic heroic self- sacrii ce at the Battle of Pydna, Council (178), 59 167 – 168 gives shelter to Arthetaurus’ assassins, 71 – 72 , Paullus, L. Aemilius (cos. II 168), 8 , 9 , 9n. 36 , see 80 , 88 – 89 also Macedonian War, h ird (171– imprisonment and death, 173 168), fourth year induces Rammius of Brundisium to kill addresses contio , 159 Roman dignitaries, 71 allotted Macedonian command, 157 inl uence in h race, 60 elected consul, 157 instals garrison in Aetolia (177), 60 , 62n. 30 , report on Roman position in Macedonia, 65 , 72 , 80 , 89 158 – 159 interference in civil strife in h essaly and Pelagonia, region in Macedonia, 174 Doris, 80 , 85 , 89 , 90 Pella, Macedonian capital, 5n. 14 , 6 , 30 , 42 , 93 , involvement in debt cancellation in h essaly 151 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 174 , 185 , 187 and Perrhaebia (177), 80 , 89 , Pergamum, Asia Minor kingdom, 11 90 , 117 and senatorial commission (185), 46 involvement in murder of Eversa and embassy to Rome (167), 182 Callicratus, 71 , 80 , 88 – 89 embassy to Rome (186/ 5), 45 involvement in transfer of Bastarnae (early embassy to Rome (201), 27 – 28 , 120 170s), 62 , 80 , 90 , 99 – 100 , 106 , 117 expansion under Eumenes II, 11 involvment in Arthetaurus’ assassination, gains in Asia Minor after Syrian War, 37 – 38 80 , 88 – 89 punished by Rome (after 167/ 6), 181 – 182 marches to Delphi (175), 60 , 71 , 72 , 80 , h ird Macedonian War 85 – 87 , 117 i rst year marries his sister Apame to Prusias II (early naval operations, 128 170s), 58 , 100 fourth year marries Laodice (early 170s), 58 , 80 , 90 , 97 , naval operations, 161 100 , 178 victim of Macedonian aggression, 28 military assistance to Byzantium (174), 61 , Perpenna, M. 62n. 30 , 71 , 80 , 89 h ird Macedonian War military buildup, 80 , 90 , 98n. 96 fourth year negotiations with Marcius Philippus (172), embassy to Genthius, 162 71 – 72 , 77 , 85 – 86 , 88 – 90 , 116 , 198 , Perrhaebia, Perrhaebians see also Rome, Romans, embassy to debt crisis, 13 Greece (172) debt crisis resolved by Romans (174), 66 , 118 origins, birth, 50 debts cancelled (177), 59 , 80 , 89 , 90 , 117 recognized as King of Macedon by Rome embassy to Rome (186/ 5), 45 (178), 58 , 64 , 97 Perseus, Macedonian king refuses to meet Roman ambassadors ”charm of ensive” toward the Greeks, 58 – 59 (174), 65 undermined by Rome, 124 renews amicitia with Rome (179– 178), 57 , 58 , alliance with Cotys, chieftain of the Odrysian 64 , 82 , 106 h racians (early 170s), 60 resources, 8 – 9 assassination attempt on Eumenes II at rivalry with Demetrius, 47 – 54 , 94 Delphi (172), 68 , 71 , 80 , 87 – 88 Second Macedonian War (200– 196) attacks Abrupolis, expels him from his occupies passes of Pelagonia, 48 kingdom (179), 71 , 72 , 80 , 81 – 83 , sends letters to Rhodes and Byzantium 101n. 109 , 106 , 120 seeking support (172), 74 attempted rapprochement with Achaean services to Rhodes (early 170s), 59 , 97 , 178 League (175), 60 – 61 , 80 , 89 , 117 , 118 subdues Dolopians (mid- 170s), 63 , 71 , 72 , 80 , banishes Arthetaurus’ assassins, 71 – 72 83 – 85 , 117 , 120

Index 239

h ird Macedonian War fourth year i rst year disappointed with settlement, 43 at the Battle of Crannon, 135 – 137 gains, 83 , 86 dismisses Cotys with gifts, 137 allegedly orders massacre of Maroneans (184), failed Macedonian attack on Roman 47 , 55 , 92 , 180 camp, 134 – 135 assists Rome against Nabis of Sparta (195), 39 mobilization, 126 becomes aware of Rome, 20 receives surrender of Tripolis (Azorus, campaigns in Asia Minor (204– 200), 27 , Pythium, and Doliche), 127 82n. 20 , 102n. 114 seizes Volustana and Tempe passes, 126 – 127 coinage, 5 sues for peace after Battle of Callicinus, deports political leaders to Emathia, 6n. 24 77 , 87n. 47 , 93 , 132 , 199 dispute with Rome over Aenus and Maronea, victory at the Battle of Callicinus, 44 – 45 , 55 , 86 , 92 , 180 128 – 133 expedition to Mt. Haemus (h race) (180), 53 second year First Macedonian War, 11 , 13 , 24 – 27 campaigns in Perrhaebia, h essaly, and besieges Apollonia (214), 25 against the Dardanians, 141 captrues Oricum (214), 24 embassies to Genthius, 145 – 146 captures Lissus (213/ 2), 25 raid on Oreus, 140 – 141 operations in the Peloponnese and Illyria resumes relations with the Bastarnae, 141 (213– 212), 25 winter campaign in Illyria gains, 27 , 29 capture of Uscana, 144 , see also last years/ domestic tragedy, 47 – 54 Appendix D passim launches l eet and retreats (216), 22 third year on inscriptions, 5n. 14 abandons passes into Macedonia, 151 – 153 ordered to vacate Aenus and Maronea, 46 – 47 occupies passes into Macedonia, 148 – 149 pact with Antiochus III (203/ 2), 27 , 35 , fourth year 102n. 114 alleged secret deal with Eumenes II, parallels with situation in late 170s, 107 – 110 160 , 181 parley with Roman embassy at Abydus alliance with Genthius, 159 (200), 28 Battle of Pydna plan to transfer Bastarnae to Dardania, 40 , l ees battlei eld early (?), 168n. 159 57 – 58 , 99 – 100 fails to secure the support of the recovers (after 196), 39 – 41 Bastarnae, Antiochus IV, and refuses to join Aetolians and Antiochus Rhodes, 160 , 178 against Rome, 39 , 46 l ees to Samothrace after Pydna, 169 resources, 8 , 9n. 36 treaty of alliance with Boeotian League (174), rewarded for loyalty (190), 39 – 40 61 , 70 , 71 , 80 , 89 Second Macedonian War, 13 Petilius, L. (ambassador) i rst year h ird Macedonian War attacks Athens, ravages Attic fourth year countryside, 30 embassy to Genthius, 162 second year Phalanna, h essalian city, 127 , 135 defeated by Romans, 30 – 31 phalanx, Macedonian, s e e Macedonia, victories over the Aetolians, 31 Macedonians, army third year Phila, Perrhaebian city, 137 , 149 , 153 , 156 , Aous conference, 31 158 , 162 conference at Nicaea, 32 Philip II, Macedonian king, 1 , 5 , 8 , 8n. 33 , 13 , 14 , embassy to Rome, 32 15 , 35 , 55 , 83 retreats to and plunders h essaly, Philip V, Macedonian king withdraws to Tempe pass, 31 accession to the throne (221), 20 skirmishes with Romans in Aous gorge, 31 Aetolian War fourth year third year Battle of Cynoscephalae, 33 operations against Aetolians and i fth year Athamanians, 43 settlement and peace, 82n. 22

240 Index

Philip V, Macedonian king (cont.) on the Second Macedonian War (200–196), 29 loses Dolopia, 83 on the senate’s preference for a weak Seleucid senatorial commission about (185), 45 – 46 , 63 , regime, 105 83 – 84 , 86 , 94 on the symplokē , 22 , 28n. 51 , 38 sends Demetrius as ambassador to Rome on the Syrian War (192– 188), 34n. 88 , 36 (184), 47 , 48 – 49 , 55 on the time of ”trouble and disturbance”, siege of Abydus (200), 28 16 , 193 Syrian and Aetolian Wars on the virtues of bipolar power balancing, gains, 40 74n. 83 second year participation in the h ird Macedonian War, helps Romans recover some cities in 2 , 148n. 98 , 154 h essaly, 36 source for Appian, 97 – 98 , 115n. 173 Syrian War sources for the h ird Macedonian War, 52n. third year 61 , 81 , 93 , 170 , 181 , 215n. 3 assists Romans marching overland h e Histories through Macedonia and h race, fragmentary state of, 2 , 25 , 29 , 98 37 , 39 , 43 revision of the original plan, 193 visited by Sempronius Gracchus to test Pompeius, L. (tr. mil.) his loyalty, 42 – 43 h ird Macedonian War fourth year i rst year suspected of being involved in ambush at the Battle of Crannon, 135 of Roman army in h race, 43 – 44 Popillius Laenas, C. (cos. 172), 143 , 145 , 161 tensions with Rome (191– 179), 41 – 55 forbids discussion of brother Marcus’ treaty with Carthage (215), 7 , 23 – 24 , 29 massacre of Statellates, 112 war on Scerdilaidas (217), 22 orders Antiochus IV to retreat from Egypt Philip, son of Perseus, 170 , 191 (168), 177 – 178 Philocles, Friend of Philip V, 49 , 52 , 52n. 62 , 54 Popillius Laenas, M. (cos. 173), 114 , 151 , 153 , Phocis, region in central Greece, 12 , 14 , 25 , 32 154 , 155 Phthiotic Achaea, region in central massacre of Statellate Ligurians, 112 Greece, 60 , 63 Praxo of Delphi Pieria, region in Macedonia, 149 , 151 , 158 brought to the senate, 68 , 87 Pleuratus III, Illyrian dynast, 34 houses Eumenes II’s alleged assassins, Polybius of Megalopolis, historian and Achaean 68 , 87 – 88 League politician Prusias II, king of Bithynia, 101 , 107 , 109 exile, 2 , 177 favored by Rome (after 167), 184 on Andriscus, 188 , 191 marries Apame, sister of Perseus (early 170s), on Boeotian decline and decadence, 61n. 28 58 , 80 , 90 , 100 on causation, 29n. 54 , 78 h ird Macedonian War Tyche, 47 , 78 , 188 i rst year on Charops of Epirus, 176n. 17 maintains neutrality, 124 on Eumenes II of Pergamum, 95 third year on Perseus, 59 , 96 , 98 , 133 , 201n. 3 embassy to Rome, 156 his greed, 160 participation in Roman campaign in on Philip V, 23n. 21 , 41 Chalcidice, 155 on Philip V’s last years, 47 – 48 Pteleum, city in Phthiotic Achaea, 40 , 46 , 86 on Philip V’s secret plans for war on Rome, h ird Macedonian War 39n. 1 , 41n. 13 , 42n. 16 , 47 , 64 , 77 , i rst year 80 , 90 , 91 – 100 , 110 , 133 , 157n. 119 destroyed by the Romans, 137 on Roman imperialism, 1 – 2 , 19 , 193 , 195 Ptolemaic – Seleucid War, Sixth (”Sixth on the Achaean League, 13 , 119 Syrian War”) on the Battle of Pydna, 218 imminence of (mid- late 170s), 101 – 110 on the causes of the h ird Macedonian War, Ptolemy II Philadelphus, Egyptian king 82 , 84 , 86 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 – 96 makes Egypt a Roman amicus , 19 on the post- h ird Macedonian War mood in Ptolemy V Epiphanes, Egyptian king Greece, 184 – 185 death (181), 102

Index 241

embassy to Rome (200), 82n. 20 cultivation of Attalus II, 182 , 184 victim of Macedonian aggression, 28 declare Galatians free (166), 182 victim of pact between Philip V and declare war on Macedon (200), 28 Antiochus III, 27 , 102n. 114 declare war on Perseus (171), 76 , 91n. 64 victim of Seleucid aggression, 34 , 35 declare war on the Aetolian League and Ptolemy VI Philometor, Egyptian king Antiochus III (192), 36 rejects Perseus’ alliance request, 73 embassy to Alexander the Great at Babylon Pydna, Battle of (168), 9 , 10 , 165 – 169 (323), 18 Pydna, Macedonian city, 152 , 153 , 165 , 169 embassy to Dardanians and Macedonia (177), taken and plundered after the Battle of 62 , 64 , 99 – 100 , 117n. 188 Pydna, 169 embassy to Genthius (172), 69 , 142 , 197 Pyrrhus, king of Epirus embassy to Greece (172), 69 – 73 , 142 , see also invasion of Italy (280– 275), 14 , 19 , 176 Appendix B passim embassy to Greece (173), 65 – 66 , 117 Rammius of Brundisium embassy to Greece and Macedon (173), 68 brought to the senate, 87 embassy to Macedon (172), 69n. 63 , 77 , see plot to kill Roman dignitaries, 71 also Appendix A passim Rhodes, Rhodians, 11 – 12 embassy to Macedon (174), 65 accused of disloyalty to Rome, 74n. 81 embassy to Philip V at Abydus (200), 28 Colossus, 12 embassy to Philip V’s general Nicanor at embassy to Rome (169) (fabrication), Athens (200), 28 156n. 117 embassy to the East (172), 69 , 73 – 74 , 106 , embassy to Rome (172), 67 , 178 178 , 197 embassy to Rome (201), 27 – 28 , 120 embassy to the East (174), 104 , 105 escorts Laodice to Macedon (early 170s), 59 , humiliate Eumenes II (167/ 6), 181 – 182 84 , 97 , 178 impatience with proliferation of embassies gains in Asia Minor after Syrian War, 12 , from the East, 92 37 – 38 , 84 imperialism, 56 , 78 – 79 , 194 – 196 prepares forty ships for Roman war against passiveness and indif erence, 81 – 82 Perseus, 178 noua sapientia debate (171), 110 – 113 punished by Rome (after 168), 117 , 178 – 181 ordered to stop Etruscan pirate raids by rejects Perseus’ overtures (172), 74 – 75 , 178 , 198 Alexander the Great, 18 reprisals against pro- Macedonian politicians punishes Pergamum (after 167/ 6), 181 – 182 (168/ 7), 178 punishes Rhodes (after 168), 117 , 178 – 181 sovereignty over Lycia threatened by Rome refuse to grant Aenus and Maronea to (177), 84 , 97 , 117 , 120 , 178 Pergamene control, 182 h ird Macedonian War treaty of alliance with the Aetolian League i rst year (211), 12 , 24 spared ship contribution to Roman war withdraw from the East (after 167), 183 ef ort, 125 , 178 third year Salvius, commander of the Paeligni embassy to Marcius Philippus in heroic self- sacrii ce at the Battle of Pydna, Macedonia, advised to mediate 167 – 168 between Rome and Perseus, 156 , 178 Sapaei, see h race, h racians embassy to Rome, 156 , 178 sarissa , Macedonian, see Macedonia, fourth year Macedonians, army embassy to Aemilius Paullus in Scerdilaidas, Illyrian dynast, 20n. 14 , 27 , 34 Macedonia, 163 Scipio Africanus, P. Cornelius (legate), 3 , 4 , 214 refuses to support Perseus, 160 , 178 Syrian War victim of Macedonian aggression, 28 third year Rome, Romans, 3 – 4 advises L. Scipio to test Philip V’s attempt to deprive Rhodes of sovereignty over loyalty, 42 Lycia (177), 84 , 97 , 117 , 120 , 178 impressed by Philip V, 42 attempt to resolve Aetolian civil strife on his brother Lucius’ staf as an (174), 65 – 66 adviser, 37

242 Index

Scipio Asiaticus, L. Cornelius (cos. 190, First Macedonian War procos. 189) captures Anticyra (210), 25 Syrian War proposes declaration of war on Macedon, third year denied (200), 28 advised by Scipio Africanus to test Second Macedonian War Philip V’s loyalty, 42 i rst year Battle of Magnesia, 37 attempts to gain Aetolian help, 30 crosses army to Asia Minor, 37 second year negotiations with Antiochus III fail, 37 victories over Macedonian forces, 30 – 31 Scipio Nasica Corculum, P. Cornelius (tr. mil.) speech to the people in favor of war on raids Illyrians (167), 175n. 14 Macedon (200), 28 , 29 sent to investigate Macedonian af airs Sulpicius Galus, C. (pr. 169, tr. mil. 168), (150), 187 147 , 156 source for h ird Macedonian War, 158n. 124 , h ird Macedonian War see also Appendix F passim fourth year h ird Macedonian War explains lunar eclipse before Battle of fourth year Pydna, 216 – 217 executes l anking maneuver around Syrian War (192– 188), 35 – 38 Mt. Olympus, 163 – 165 , see also causes Appendix F passim Aetolian anger with Rome over Second plunders Sintica, 169 Macedonian War settlement, 36 Seleucid Empire (Syria), 10 – 11 escalation phase (190s), 34 , 35 – 36 disarmed by senatorial commission to the i rst year East (162), 184 defection of Greeks from Rome, 36 wars over Coele- Syria (”Syrian Wars”), 10 , Seleucid troops massacre Roman garrison 101 – 110 at Delium, 36 Seleucus IV, Seleucid king second year assassination and its ef ects (175), 101 – 110 Acilius Glabrio, Baebius Tamphilus, and marries his daughter Laodice to Perseus (early Philip V recover some cities in 170s), 58 , 80 , 90 , 97 , 100 , 178 h essaly, 36 Sempronius Gracchus, Ti. (ambassador 190, Battle of h ermopylae, 36 – 37 , 42 cens. 169), 45 , 148 third year Syrian War Battle of Magnesia, 37 third year Battles of Side and Myonessus, 37 visits Philip V to test his loyalty, 42 – 43 negotiations between L. Scipio and Sempronius Tuditanus, P. (procos. 205) Antiochus III fail, 37 First Macedonian War Philip V assists Roman army marching campaign against Philip V, 26n. 44 overland through Macedonia and Servilius Caepio, Cn. (procos. 168, ambassador), h race, 37 , 39 , 43 159 , see also Appendix A passim Roman army crosses to Asia Minor, 37 Sicinius, Cn. (pr. 172) Scipio Africanus advises L. Scipio to test h ird Macedonian War Philip V’s loyalty, 42 i rst year Sempronius Gracchus visits Philip V to test advance forces in Greece, 73n. 79 , 124 – his loyalty, 42 – 43 126 , see also Appendix B, passim fourth year Side, Battle of (190), 37 Roman army ambushed in h race, 43 – 44 Social War (220– 217), 20 , 21 , 24 fourth- i fth years Sparta negotiations and peace terms (Peace of First Macedonian War Apamea), 37 – 38 joins Rome against Philip V (210), 25 troubles with the Achaean League, 13 , 82n. Teuta, Queen of the Illyrian Ardiaei, 14 , 19 , see 23 , 194 also Illyria, Illyrians, Illyrian Wars Spurius Lugistinus (centurion), 114 (229 and 219) Sulpicius Galba, P. (procos. 210– 206, cos. II h ebes, 13 , 33 , 72 , 72n. 76 , 73 , 75n. 86 , 125 , 143 200, procos. 199), 29 , 30 , 31 h ermoplylae, Battle of (191), 36 – 37 , 42

Index 243

h ermopylae, 26n. 39 , 33 Timotheus, Macedonian governor, 137 h essalonica, city in Chalcidice, 46 , 151 , 153 , 155 , treaties of alliance 161 , 162 , 163 , 169 , 174 between Aetolia and Rome (211), 25 , h essaly, h essalians, 13 25n. 36 civil strife involving Perseus, 80 , 85 , 89 , 90 between Carthage and Philip V of Macedon, debt crisis resolved by Romans (174), 66 , 118 7 , 23 – 24 , 29 debts cancelled (177), 59 , 80 , 90 , 117 between Macedon and the Boeotian League, embassy to Rome (172), 199 61 , 70 , 71 , 80 , 89 embassy to Rome (177), 62 between Rome and the Aetolian League embassy to Rome (186/ 5), 45 (211), 12 , 24 Syrian and Aetolian Wars treaties of peace i rst year between Macedon and Rome (196), 34 , defects from Rome, 36 82n. 22 second year between Philip V and the Aetolian League some cities recovered by Rome, 36 (206), 12 , 26 h ird Macedonian War between Rome and Antiochus III (Peace of i rst year Apamea), 37 – 38 Battle of Callicinus between Rome and Philip V (”Peace of praised for bravery, 131 Phoenice”) (205), 25n. 36 , 27 , 28 contributes troops to Roman war between Rome and the Aetolian League (189), ef ort, 128 37n. 106 , 43 h isbe, Boeotian city, 75 , 75n. 86 Tripolis (Azorus, Pythium, and Doliche) in h ird Macedonian War Perrhaebia i rst year h ird Macedonian War captured by Romans, Macedonian i rst year partisans punished, 134 , 140n. 62 recovered by the Romans, 137 second year surrenders to Macedonians, 127 embassy to Rome, 140 Tripolis Scaea, h essalian city, 127 , 128 , 128n. 20 , s.c. de h isbensibus issued, 140 , see also 129 , 135 Appendix C passim h race, h racians, 14 – 15 , see also Cotys, Uscana, Illyrian city, 144 , see also Appendix D chieftain of the Odrysian h racians passim and Abrupolis, king of the h racian Sapaei Valerius Laevinus, C. (ambassador), 68 embassy to Rome (177), 64 Valerius Laevinus, M. (legate), 130 garrison Amphipolis, 169n. 161 Valerius Laevinus, M. (propr. 214– 211) seek amicitia from Rome (172), 69 First Macedonian War war with Dardanians, 58 recaptures Oricum, 25 three fetters of Greece (Demetrias, Chalcis, relieves siege of Apollonia (214), 25 Corinth), 32 , 73n. 79 Villius Tappulus, P. (cos. 199), 31