Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 49

Company Paintings at the Victoria and Albert Museum2 1) Fifteen drawings of Mughal architecture and ornamental detail on Mughal monuments at Agra. By Delhi artists \vorkingin Calcutta, 1816-22 Watercolour; various sixes Presented by Colonel Ramsay W. Phipps. i. Elevation of the east side of the Taj Mahal, Agra, with part of the surrounding riled terrace and water tank in the foreground. Inscribed on front: The Taje near Agra 45 x 76 cm IM 175-1920 ii. Elevation of the great gateway of die garden court of the Taj Mahal Inscribed on front: Gateway of the Taje Garden. 56 x 68 cm IM 176-1920 iii. Coloured pietra dura inlay work on the top of the cenotaph of the Emperor Shah Jahan, Taj Mahal, Agra. Inscribed on back: Top of Shah Jahan's tomb 46.5 x 177 cm IM 177-1920 iv. Vertical section through the Taj Mahal at Agra, c. 1816-22, showing the cenotaphs and the staircases leading down to the crypt below. Inscribed on front in ink: Vertical section through the Taje; with scale. 56.5 x 79 cm IM 179-1920 v. Side elevation of the cenotaph of Arjumand Banu Begum (Mumtaz Mahal), Taj Mahal, Agra. Inscribed on front in ink: The Cenotaph of the Empress; on back in pencil: Elevation. 39.5 x 100.5 cm IM 180-1920 vl Relief panel of white marble with inlaid border of pietra dura work on die inside of die entrance to die Taj Mahal, Agra. Inscribed on front in ink' A Panel at the entrance of the Taje. 70.5 x 116.5 cm IM 181-1920 vii. Pietra dura work decoration on top of die cenotaph of die Empress Arjumand Banu Begum, Taj Mahal, Agra. Inscribed on front in ink. The top of the Empress' Cenotaph. 61 x 98 cm IM 182-1920

2) Fifteen drawings of monuments in Agra, Delhi and Fatchpur Sikri Delhi c. 1820 Watercolour on paper widi embossed borders and narrow coloured edge; 19.5 x 12 cm; watermarks: Smidi and Allnutt 1816 and 1819. Acquired by Ixjrd and Lady Amherst during their tour up country in 1824-27 i. The Taj Mahal, Agra Inscribed on front; Riivrface of the Taj at Agra; on back; Taj from the opposite side of the Jumna Watermark 1819 IS 10-1964

2 from "Company Paintings: Indian Paintings of the British period" by Midred Archer, V&A Museum, Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd. 1992 Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 50

ii. The Taj Mahal, Agra with smaller trees than in (3) Inscribed on front: Taj at Agra IS 21-1964 iii. View of the Taj Mahal, Agra, from the gateway with trees which arc more mature than in (2) Inscribed on front: View of the Taj from the grand entrance, on back Taj from the Gateway Watermark 1819 IS 18-1964 iv. Interior of the Taj Mahal, Agra. Inscribed on front: Interior of the Taj Watermark: 1819 IS 19-1964 v. Tomb of Mumtaz Mahal, Agra. Inscribed on front Tomb of the Empress Mumta^a Zemanee, in the Taj at Agra; on back: Sarcophagus ofMumta^a IS 17-1964

3) Two drawings of Mughal monuments. Delhi or Agra. C.1820 Watercolour. 1.25 cm black borders; various sizes i. Interior of the Tomb chamber, Taj Mahal, Agra 71 x 53 cm 2429 (IS)

* 4) Two drawings of the tomb chamber, Taj Mahal, Agra Agra or Delhi c. 1820 Watercolor; various sizes

L Interior of the Tomb Chamber, Taj Mahal, Agra. Inscribed in Persian: Anderun Gumbad 69 x 54.5 cm AL755

ii. Interior of the Tomb Chamber, Taj Mahal, Agra 59 x 46.5 cm AL 756

5) Seven drawings of Mughal architecture Agra or Delhi c. 1820 Watercolour, various sizes

i. The Taj Mahal seen from across the river Jumna; three small boats on the fiver. 48.5 x 70.8 cm AL4201

ii. I Elevation of the entrance gateway to the garden court of the Taj Mahal, Agra. Inscribed on back: Taje date, \intrance to I aje Garden 47.5 x 70.5 cm AL 4202

iii. The marble screen around the cenotaphs of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal, Agra. Three section pasted together; 59 x 49 cm Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 51

AL 4205-7

6) Two drawings of decorative work on the cenotaph of Shah Jahan, Taj Mahal, Agra Delhi c. 1820 Watercolour, 26 x 37 cm (D1750(A)-1885); 26 x 35.5 cm (D 1750(B)-1885) D1750(A)-1885, D 1750(B)-1885

7) Two keys to the decorative work on the cenotaph of Shah Jahan, Taj Mahal Agra Delhi c.l 820 Pencil; 38 x 64.5 cm Inscribed: Reduced tomb of the Emperor Shah Jahan to serve as a key to the foliage AL 8484 (1-2)

8) Two details of the screen enclosing the cenotaphs in the Taj Mahal, Agra Delhi or Agra c. 1820 Watercolour; various sizes i. Columns from the Taj Mahal, Agra Inscribed on back: Taje MahaL Presented by Lady Strange 86 x 40.5 cm AL757 ii. Detail of floral ornament in pietra dura work on the outer face of the screen enclosing the cenotaphs. Inscribed on back: Taje MahaL Presented by Ladj Strange 28 x 54 cm AL 758

9) Eight drawings of the Taj Mahal, Agra and decorative details in the interior Delhi or Agra, c. 1820

L The Taj Mahal viewed from across the river; six laden barges anchored beside the far bank ..Watercoiour:1811 35 x 83 cm AL 9232 (G)

iL The Taj Mahal with tiled terrace and t\water tank in foreground 53.5 x 70 cm AL 9232 (H)

iii. Interior of the tomb chamber, Taj Mahal. Inscribed in pencil: Interior of the Taj Dome. Watermark: 1813 55.5 x 69 cm AI,9232(I) iv. Carved screen in tomb chamber, Taj Mahal, Agra. Inscribed in pencil: Railing around tombs in the Taj 54.5 x 75 cm AL 9232 ()) Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 52

v. Marble relief panel with pietra dura border decoration. Inscribed on back in pencil: A panel or Compa*tmcnt as Specimen of the work on interior walls of the Taj. 49 x 70 cm AI, 9232 (K)

vi. Cenotaph of Shah Jahan, Taj Mahal, Agra. Inscribed on front in pencil: Tomb of Shah Jehan in the Taj 49 x 70 cm AL 9232 (L)

vii. Cenotaph of Mumtaz MahaL Inscribed on front in pencil: Tomb of Moomtaz Maul Begum. 54.5 x 83.5 cm AL 9232 (M)

viiL Tops of the cenotaphs of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal, Agra. Inscribed on front in pencil: Top or Low (?) of Mootntaz Maul Begum's tomb 55.5 x 70 cm AL9232(O)

10) Six drawings of Mughal monuments at Agra and Fatehpur Sikri Delhi or Agra, c. 1820

L General view of the Taj Mahal with mosque on the left and assembly hall on the right, Agra 47 x 70.5 cm D 627-1889

11) Six drawings of the cenotaph of Mumtaz Mahal, Taj Mahal, Agra, and details of the pietra dura work Delhi or Agra, c. 1820

i. Cenotaph of Mumtaz Mahal, Taj Mahal, Agra 54 x 70 cm IS 16-1896

12) i'Ve drawings of details of pietra dura work on the cenotaph of Mumtaz Mahal, Taj Mahal, Agra 36 x 13 cm appro x !Sl6Ato I{-1896

13) Six drawings of Mughal monuments Delhi c. 1820

i. Interior of the Taj Mahal, Agra 22 x 18.5cm AL9248(6) Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 53

14) Nine small architectural drawings of Mughal monuments Delhi or Agra, c.l 820 i. Interior of the Taj Mahal, Agra. Mounted on blue paper AL 760 ii. The Taj Mahal. Mounted on blue paper A]. 761 iii. The garden side of the Taj Mahal AL 2223 iv. The Taj Mahal AL 2224 v. The Taj Mahal with the river in die foreground AL2225

15) A specimen of illuminated calligraphy and ten drawings of pietra dura work in the Taj MahaL, Agra Delhi or Agra c.l820

i. A specimen of illuminated calligraphy Inscribed in obscure English; at top: A Poem for Colonel Dunbur Dy^.Comey.G.Cawnpore; at bottom: Kadurht<\ (?) Contr. Obdt. AL 9249 (1)

ii. Floral ornament in pietra dura work AL 9249 (2)

iii. Floral ornament on top of die cenotaph of Shah Jahan AL 9249 (3)

iv. Cartouche widi floral ornament on top of die cenotaph of Shah Jahan AL 9249 (4)

v. Floral ornament in pietra dura work widi inscription in cartouche AL 9249 (5)

vi. Floral ornament in pietra dura work on die inside of die screen enclosing the cenotaphs of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal AL 9249 (6)

vii. Floral ornament in pietra dura work AL 9249 (7)

viii. Moral ornament in pietra dura work AL 9249 (8)

ix. Floral ornament in pietra dura work on the outer face of the screen enclosing the cenotaphs AL9249(9) Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 54

x. Detail of the floral ornament in pietra dura work on the end panels of the cenotaph ofShahJahan AL 9249 (10)

xi. Detail of floral ornament in pietra dura work AL 9249 (11)

16) Ten drawings of the Taj Mahal Delhi or Agra c. 1820 Watercolour i. View of the Taj Mahal from the river Inscribed: Ritvrside of the To/ D 1539-1886

ii. Garden side of the Taj; inscribed as above D 1540-1886

iii. Interior of the Taj Mahal. Inscribed: The Dome inside of/he To/ D 1541-1886 *• iv. The screen around the cenotaphs inside the Taj Mahal. Inscribed on front and back: One of the rooms inside the Taj D 1542-1886

v. Cenotaph of Mumtaz Mahal Inscribed: The Tomb of Shahjekan'sfavourite wife Moomta^ Mahal D.I 543-1886

vi. Cenotaph of Shah Jahan. Inscribed: The tomb of Shahjehan D 1544-1886

vii. Top of the cenotaph of Mumtaz Mahal. Inscribed: Moomtaz Mahul's tablet D 1545-1886

viiL Top of the cenotaph of Shah Jahan. Inscribed: Shahjchan's tablet D 1546-1886

o ix. Mosque of the Taj Mahal. Inscribed: Mosque of the Taj D 1547-1886

x. Kntrance gateway to the Taj Mahal. Inscribed: Gateway of the Taj D 1548-1886

17) Seven drawings of the interior of the Taj Mahal, Agra, and architectural details Delhi or Agra c. 1820-30

i. Ground plan of the Taj mausoleum Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 55

81.5x63 cm IS 247-1961

ii. Interior of the Taj Mahal 74.5 x 46.5 cm IS 249-1961

iii. Detail of pietra dura work in the Taj Mahal 33 x 39 cm IS 250-1961

iv. Inscription on the cenotaph of Mumtaz Mahal, Taj Mahal 160 x 37.5 cm IS 251-1961

v. Elevation of the cenotaph of Mumtaz Mahal, Taj Mahal 130x61 cm IS 252-1961

vi. Detail of pietra dura work in the Taj Mahal 24 x 42 cm IS 253-1961

viL Detail of marble decoration in the Taj Mahal 43 x 42 cm IS 254-1961

18) Six drawings of Mughal architecture at Agra and Delhi Agra or Delhi c 1825

i. The Taj Mahal, Agra. 59 v 80 cm AL8141 (5)

ii. Interior of the Taj Mahal showing die screen around the cenotaphs of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal 72 x 63.5 cm AL8141(6)

19) Fifteen drawings of Mughal buildings at Agra, Delhi and Lucknow Agra or Delhi c. 1835 Inscribed on original wrapper: 15 watcrcolour drawings by native artists of public buildings at Agra and Delhi

i. Cenotaph of Shah Jahan, Agra 4644(2) (IS)

ii. The Taj Mahal seen from across the river 4644 (3) (IS) Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 56

iii. Interior of the Taj Mahal, Agra 4644 (12) (IS)

iv. The Taj Mahal from the garden side 4644 (13) (IS)

20) Sixty drawings of Mughal monuments and architectural details Delhi c. 1836

i. The screen round die cenotaphs, Taj Mahal, Agra (built c. 1632-48) IM 5-1923

ii. The screen round the cenotaphs, Taj Mahal, Agra IM 6-1923

iii. The screen round the cenotaphs, Taj Mahal, Agra IM7-1923

iv. Cenotaph of Mumtaz Mahal IMS-1923

v. Cenotaph of Shah Jahan, Taj Mahal, Agra IM 9-1923

vL Relief panel of white marble widi inlaid border of pietra dura work near die entrance of the Taj Mahal, Agra IM 10-1923

viL Detail of the floral ornament inlaid in pietra dura work on marble on me end panels of the cenotaph of the Emperor Shah Jahan, Taj Mahal, Agra IM 1 i-1923

viiL Detail of the floral ornament inalid in pietra dura work on marble on die inside of me screen enclosing the cenotaphs of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal in the Taj Mahal IM 12,,-1923

Ix. Detail of the floral ornament inalid in pietra dura work on marble on the outer face of the screen enclosing the cenotaphs of Shah Jahan and Mumtax Mahal in the Taj Mahal IM 13-1923

x. Detail of the floral ornament inalid in pietra dura work on marble on the top of the cenotaph of Shah Jahan IM 14-1923 Taj Mahal -An Annotated Bibliography 57

xi. Detail of the floral ornament inlaid in pietra dura work on marble on the outer face of the screen enclosing the cenotaphs in the Taj Mahal, Agra IM 15-1923

xii. Detail of the floral ornament inlaid in pietra dura work on marble on the outer face of the screen enclosing the cenotaphs in the Taj Mahal, Agra IM 16-1923

21) Delhi c. 1836-40 Water colour; 11x18 cm; size of painted area; 7.5 x 12 cm. Watermark 1830-6 Inscribed with titles on back in English and on front in Persian characters

i. The Taj Mahal, Agra, from the garden side. Inscribed on back in pencil: Taj Mahal, Agra, from the Fountain-Garden, built 1632-48 IM 19-1923

ii. The Taj Mahal, Agra, from the river Jumna, 1632-48. Inscribed as above IM 20-1923

22) Three drawings of the Taj Mahal, Agra Delhi or Agra artist, c. 1840. Inscribed : Scale 1 in = 20 ft.

L Elevation of the Taj Mahal; a European couple in early Victorian dress walking on the upper terrace; in the foreground a group of Indian men and women; the river in the background 47 x 69 cm. IM 38-1919

ii. Elevation of the Taj Mahal 47 x 69 cm. IM 39-1919

iii. Screen surrounding the cenotaphs of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal 38.5 x 50 cms IM 40-1919

23) Ten drawings of details of pietra dura ornamentation on the cenotaphs of Shah Jahan and his wife Mumtax Mahal, at Agra Agra, c 1840. Water colour

i. Detail of the pietra dura work border round the base of the cenotaph of Mumtax Mahal. Inscribed on front. A. 63.5 x 50 cm AL 8484(3) Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 58

ii. Detail with inscriptions and pictra dura inlay work on the cenotaph of Mumtaz Mahal, Taj Mahal. Inscribed on front in pencil: Tomb of Begum Mumta^Mahal. R. 77 x 105 cm Ah 8484(4) iii. Detail of pictra dura inlay work and inscriptions on the end panel of the cenotaph of Shah Jahan, Taj Mahal. Inscribed on front in ink: Cenotaph of Shah Jahan, Taje Mahal, Agra, C. 41 x 54.5 cm AL 8484(5)

iv. Inlay work on the cenotaph of Shah Jahan. Inscribed on front in pencil: Tomb of Shah]ehan. D. 72.5 x 105 cm AL 8484(6)

v. Inlay work on the cenotaph of Shah Jahan. Inscribed on front in pencil: Tomb of Shahjehan. E. 56.5 x 79 cm 'AL 8484(7)

vi. Detail of pietra dura inlay work on the cenotaph of Shah Jahan. Inscribed on front in pencil: Tomb of Shah Jehan. F. 35 x 52 cm AL 8484(8)

vii. Panel from the cenotaph of Shah Jahan, Inscribed on front in pencil: Tomb of Shah Jehan. G. 53.5 x 36 cm AL 8484(9)

viii. Flowers in pietra dura work on the cenotaph of Shah Jahan. Inscribed on front in pencil: Tomb of Shah jehan. H. 54 x 74 cm AL 8484(10)

24) ITiree drawings of pietra dura work at the Taj Mahal, Agra and the Diwan —i-Am Delhi Delhi c. 1850. i. Sixteen details mounted on one sheet showing pictra dura work at the Taj Mahal, Agra Delhi or Agra c. 1850. Various sixes varying from 10 x 18 cm to 15 x 7.5 cm 291-1871 Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 59

Drawings and prints at the Taj Museum: 1) General view of the Taj Mahal and adjacent buildings from the river side. 2) Site plan of the Taj Mahal are showing the front elevation of the Taj, other buildings of the complex and the vicinity as also the names of the buildings, localities (mohallas, beds (takhtas) of the gardens, and of the fruit grown therein etc.

3) Paining showing cenotaph of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal 4) Painting depicting a view of the Taj from the south west. 5) Coloured line drawing depicting general views of the buildings adjacent to the Taj from the river side. 6) Painting showing the view of the main entrance gate of the Taj.

Miscellaneous: View of the Taj Mahal from Agra Fort England c. 1865 Albumen print - 9 3/8 x 11 Vz in. Los Angeles County Museum of Art

Panoramic View of the Taj Mahal By John Murray England. C 1860 Albumen Print 12 x 49 5/8 in. Paul F. Walter collection

Schematic Plan of the grounds of the Taj Mahal Agra c. 1805 (2 watermarks - 1799,1800) Opaque watercolour on paper 27 5/8x16 1/8 in. Paul F. Walter

Schematic plan of the Grounds of the Taj Mahal Agrac. 1900 Opaque watercolour on cloth 1101/4x33 7/16 in. Museum fur Indische Kunst, Staatiiche Museem Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin

The Gateway of the Taj Mahal „ India, c. 1820 Opaque watercolour on paper 21 '/= x 27 in. Paul F. Walter

The Taj Mahal from the river India c. 1818 Opaque watercolour on paper 11 3/4X 18 15/16 in. Yale Centre for British Arts, New Haven, Paul Mellon collection Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 60

Interior view of the Taj Mahal India c. 1820 Opaque watcrcolour on paper 23 x 17 in. Gary Crawford

Three panels from the Cenotaph Screen in the Taj Mahal Shaikh Latif Agrac. 1820 Opaque watercolour on paper 14 1/8x5% in. each Lois A. Ehrenfeld

Mower from the Cenotaph Shaikh Latif Agrac. 1820 Opaque watercolour on paper 14 58 x 25 7/8 The Ehrenfeld Collection

Panel with sculpted flowers from the Interior Dado of the Taj Mahal From an album prepared for Robert Home Agra c. 1820 Opaque watercolour on paper 103/4x22y2 in. Gloria Kate and Wilard Huyck Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 61

The drawings available with the AS I have been recorded under two categories — the first are the drawings used for conservation works. Some of these include tracings from earlier drawings. The second are die old drawings themselves.

Serial Description Material Scale Year no. 1. Taj Mahal- Sketch plan of Taj Mahal Tracing Not to scale 1932 Fourcourt alongwith katras of Taj Ganj cartridge paper 2. Sketch plan of katras of Taj Ganj Tracing cloth 1"-30' 1924 3. Design of ladder for Taj Mahal -do- Vzsize 1940 4. Part plan of layout of Shruberries at Taj -do- 1"-10' 1924 Mahal 5. Record plan of Conservation of the old -do- 1"-20' 1923 Mughal aqueduct outside the Taj Garden 6. South East chattri round the main dome -do- Diff scale 1943 of Taj Mahal showing certain details 7. Engine house, Taj, details of doors and -do- I"-!' 1920 windows 8. Taj Mosque — elevation bulged portions of -do- 1"-!' 1925 Taj mosque showing stones to be numbered for dismantling and resetting 9. Drawing of the Guldasta or Pilaster at -do- l"-2' 1957 South West corner of mausoleum after dismantling side stores 10. Site plan of the Taj Mahal -do- • l"-64' 11. Site Plan of the Taj Mahal -do- l"-64' 12. Plan of house of Alamgir Khan adjoining -do- l"-8' 1941 Sidi Darwaza, Taj Ganj 13. Plan of house of Alamgir Khan and Insha -do- l"-8' 1942 Allah adjoining Siddi Darwaza Taj Ganj 14. Plan of house no.2 of Waheeduddin Khan l"-8' 1934 Mohammad, Siddi Darwaza, Taj Ganj 15. Plan of Kothries (kunj) Katra Phulel Taj l"-8' 1943 Ganj 16. Plan of Taj Quadrangle at Agra in the Agra l"-25' „ 1904 Distt. 17. Plan, section and elevation of the South l"-4' 1973 West comer chattri at the Taj Mahal, Agra 18. Plan of Katra at Taj Ganj, Agra 1 "-60' 19. Plan of retaining wall of Khan-I-Alam 1 "-50' Bagh 20. Sketch plan of Four Court of Taj showing Tracing paper Not to scale existing levels 21. Proposed pitching at the North Fast tower Tracing cloth 1"-16'and 1934 of the Taj Mahal and its adjoining Fast !"-4' wall Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 62

22. Site plan showing land to be acquired to l"-24' 1936 the Hast of Taj Mahal 23. Plan showing the proposed retaining wall l"-24' 1936 and pitching along the east wall of the Taj Mahal 24. Typical plan and section of 50' long spire Tracing paper Not to scale 25. Retaining wall of Khan-i-Alam Bagh, Agra Tracing cloth 1"-5(V 1916 26. Plan and elevation of Kast Dalan showing Tracing cloth 1 "-8' & 1"- 1940 cracks in the compartments 4' 27. Design of ladder for Taj Mahal, Agra Tracing cloth l"-2' 28. Proposed marble railing round the stair Tracing cloth Not to scale 1930 well to the crypt chamber of the Taj Mahal 29. Sketch of railing at Saheli Burj, Taj Mahal, Tracing cloth Not to scale 1930 Agra 30. Plan and elevation of Lamp post at Taj Tracing cloth " Courtyard 31. Plan of Kothries in Katra Umar Khan Tracing cloth l"-8' 1930 proposed to be acquired, Taj Ganj 32. Plan o f gateway o f Katra J ogidas in ' L'aj Tracing cloth l"-4' 1939 Ganj Agra showing encroachments 33. Genealogical table of the families of Tracing cloth Khadims no. 1,2,3,13,14 and 16 working this day 22nd August 1944 at Taj Mahal 34. North wall of Taj Mahal showing earth Tracing cloth 1 "-8' & 1"- 1936 accumulated against it 4' 35. Survey Plan of existing trees in Taj Tracing cloth l"-32' 1917 Fourcourt 36. Suggested layout of the Taj Forecourt Tracing cloth l"-3f 1917 37. Proposed layout of Taj Four Court Tracing cloth l"-32' revised scheme embodying suggestions of the Director General Archaeological Survey of India 38. Plan of Tin shed in Gaushala at Taj Mahal Tracing cloth I'M* 1954 showing iron spikes and gate to serve as workshop 39. Design of an engine shed at the Taj Tracing cloth l"-4' 1920 40. Proposed wooden door in opening of stair Tracing cloth I'M' 1932 case on either side of Siddhi Darwaza 41. Proposed wooden doors in opening of Tracing cloth I'M' 1932 Staircase leading to tomb of Sarhindi Begum and Sattunisa Khanam at Taj Mahal 42. Showcase for Taj Museum Tracing cloth I'M' 1929 43. Design of marble seat at Taj Mahal Not to scale 44. Design of show case to be supplied for -do- I'M-' museum 45. Proposed shisam wood doors for the -clo- 1929 entrance to the rooms on the east and west sides of the Buland Darwa/a Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 63

46. Mughal scats of stone at the Taj Mahal -do- 12'-6" 47. Detail of stepped fall for Hagh Khan-I- -do- r-4' 1916 Alam 48. Design of a door for Taj minars -do- r-r 1934 49. Design of a wooden gate for Khan-I-Alam -do- l"-2' 1942 50. G round plan of the mausoleum, Taj Mahal -do- Not to scale 1939 51. Plan of North west tower of the Taj -do- l"-8' showing arrangements of boxes for pitching 52. Part plan of Taj Mahal showing stair well -do- l"-4' 1930 to crypt chamber 53, Detail section of the dome of South west -do- r-2' 1923 Chattri at die Taj Mahal 54. Detail section of chattri -do- 55. The South west comer chattri at the Taj -do- r-4* 1923 Mahal (interior elevation) 56. Detail elevation of Taj Dome -do- r-4' 57. Site plan of Taj Fourcourt -do- 1"-40' 1926 58. Plan and section of the drain pavement -do- r-81 1958 riverside wall of the Taj Mahal 59. Plan section and elevation of dalan in the -do- r-8' forecourt of the Taj Mahal flanking south east of Fatehpuri Gate 60. Plan and elevation of booking office at Taj -do- r-4' 1961 Mahal 61. Detail of R.GC. slab lavatory block at Taj -do- Mahal 62. Proposed R.CC tank 2000 gallons capacity -do- r-4' near Khan-I-Alam gate 63. Foundation of the Taj Mahal on river side -do- r-4' 1958 near the North west tower 64. Foundation of the Taj Mahal on river side -do- l"-4* 1958 65. Proposed plan of lavatory block at Taj -do- r-4' Mahal 66. Construction of overhead tank in North -do- 3/8 "-r 1962 east corner of Kali Masjid 67. Plan of raising sunken areas in front of -do- I'M 2' 1962 Mchman Khana at Taj 68. Plan of dalan showing stalls -do- r-8' 69. Plan of the stalls and the corridor at the -do- r-8' 1957 Southwest corner of the forecourt of Taj Mahal 70. Boulder pitching at the northwest tower of -do- r-24" 1958 Taj Mahal towards riverside 71. Plan, section and elevation of the outer -do- r-4* gate of Khan-1-Alam 72. Site plan of Taj Forecourt showing -do- r-so" 1968 expansion joints 73. Site plan of southeast Tower at Taj Mahal -do- r-8' Taj Mahal - An Annotated Bibliography 64

showing proper lavatory block 74. Detail of septic tank at Taj Mahal -do- l"-2' 1960 75. Plan and section of the river side wall of -do- -do- 1966 Khan-1-Alam showing repairs 76. Plan, section and elevation of spur at Taj -do- l"-2()' riverside 77. Plan and section of booking office at Taj -do- l"-4' Mahal 78. Plan showing the creation of proposed -do- spurs near the Taj Mahal 79. Site plan of Taj Mahal forecourt showing -do- 1"-50' 1962 stone edging drain 80. Detail of pillars bracket of the dalan in the -do- I'M* forecourt of Taj Mahal flanking south east of Fatehpuri gate 81. Plan of northwest tower of Taj Mahal -do- l"-8' 1960 showing cracks nnd grouting points 82. Marble brackets under the balustrade of -do- l"-6' 1957 the minars of the Taj Mahal 83. Design of wooden gate in the entrance -do- '/-"-I' 1962 gate to the Taj forecourt 84. Design of Mughal pattern door -do- Not to scale 1963 85. Additions and alterations to the dalans in -do- l"-8' 1954 the Gaushala at Taj Mahal 86. Elevations of Southwest tower of Taj -do- Not to scale Mahal 87. Proposed Mughal pattern doors in an arch -do- I'M' 1970 opening near office on east side of Taj Mahal 88. Detail of the bulged and leaned wall and -do- 1"- 4' provision of emergency gate for use during Sharad Pumima on the eastern side of the main gate of the Taj Mahal 89. Section of the entrance gate of the Taj -do- 1 "- 4' Mahal 90. Remodeling of lavatory block after -do- 1"-4' 1973 dismantling the existing lavatory block at Taj Mahal, Agra "

91. Remodeling of lavatory block after -do- l"-4' 1973 dismantling the existing lavatory block at Taj Mahal, Agra 92. Plan of tomb of Sirhindi Begum (South -do- 1"-8' east Sahcli Burj) 93. Klcvation of entrance gate (North Pishtak), -do- l"-5' Taj Mahal 94. Basement floor plan of Taj Mahal -do- l"-8' 1974 95. Site Plan of Taj Mahal -do- l"-64' 1974 96. Sketch plan showing chajja stone of -do- Not to scale 1975 Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 65

gaushala at Taj Mahal 97. Proposed teak wood railing for upper -do- '-8'&2"- 1975 chamber of Taj Mahal 1' 98. Proposed replacement of pipe lines for -do- 1"-30' 1975 fountains at Taj Mahal 99. Plan and section of channels of Taj Mahal -do- t"-30' 1975 showing details of original system of fountains recently discovered 100. Plan of the Taj Mahal showing -do- l"-8' 1953 replacement of marble tiles of the terrace 101. Elevation of Taj Mahal -do- l"-8' 1953 102. Section o f Taj Mahal -do- l"-8' 1953 103. Plan of Taj Mahal -do- l"-8' 1953 104 Remodeling of lavatory block after -do- dismantling the existing lavatory block at Taj Mahal 105. Plan, proposed resetting and replacing -do- 1"-30' stones in the symmetrical pattern around Cypress trees along the channel 106. Specimens of inlay work on the outer -do- Not to scale facade of mausoleum at Taj Mahal 107. Specimens of inlay work on the outer -do- Not to scale 1975 facade of mausoleum at Taj Mahal 108. Plan of Nahabat Khana, Taj Mahal, -do- Ground floor, first floor and roof 109. Design of Mughal pattern doors and jali -do- 1"-!' 1976 for proposed museum in West Nahabat Khana at Taj Mahal 110. Elevation of the pavilion on the west side -do- 1977 of the Taj 111. Elevation of the eastern compound wall of -do- Not to scale Taj Mahal 112. Ornamental design of main door shutter -do- Not to scale for Taj museum 113. Proposed wooden railing for pinnacle -do- 1cm = 20 * inlaid in front of Mehman Khana at Taj &2cm = Mahal 1m 114. Elevation of Taj mosque sketch showing "-do- 1978 mosque with northern chhatri and baoli on the south 115. Ground plan and section of Taj mosque at -do- l"-8'orl 1978 Taj Mahal cm =9 cm 116. Ground plan and section of Taj Mahal -do- l"-8'or 1978 lcm = 96 cm 117. Ground plan of Sattunisa Khanam's tomb -do- r-8'or 1978 (South West Sahcli Burj) 1cm - 96 cm 118. Elevation of Sattunisa Khanam's tomb at -do- l"-8'or-l 1978 Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 66

Taj Mahal cm = 96 cm 119. Proposed folding steel stair case for Taj -do- 1:30 1979 Mahal 120. Plan of Fatchpuri Masjid first floor Taj -do- I cm = 1m 1979 Mahal 121. Plan of Taj nursery (south west corner of -do- lcm=2m 1979 Taj enclosure) showing chajja store 122. Ground plan of entrance gate with detail -do- 1 cm = 96cm 1979 of panel and ornamentation or l"-8" 123. Drawing of stairs for marble terrace -do- 2cm— 1m 1980 (mausoleum) Taj Mahal, Agra 124. Ground floor plan of entrance gate of Taj -do- I "-8' Mahal 125. First floor plan of entrance gate of Taj -do- I "-8' Mahal 126. Roof floor plan of entrance gate of Taj -do- l"-8' Mahal 127. Line plan showing reduced levels of -do- l"-32' benchmarks by Survey of India 128. First floor plans showing walls out of -do- l"-8' plumb 129. Second floor plans showing walls out of -do- l"-8' plumb 130. Section of Taj mausoleum showing levels -do- l"-8' 131. Showing diagrammatic sketch of outer -do- l"-4' surface of main dome 132. Section of main dome -do- l"-4' 133. Stress diagrams of main dome -do- 134. Plan and section of South west Burji of Taj -do- lcm=lmt 1982 enclosure 135. Plan and section of second lavatory block -do- lcm=50cm 1982 at Southwest corner burji of Taj Mahal 136. Temporary urinals at Taj Mahal -do- 1 cm = 50 1982 * cm 137. Detailed section of the dome of the south -do- l"-2' 1983 west chattri of the Taj Mahal 138. Sketch plan and section of Taj Mahal -do- Not to scale 1983 showing leakage noticed 139. Plan of Khan-I-Alam nursery showing -do- Not to scale 1983 tank 140. Flag stone flooring in front of main -do- Icm^lmt 1983 entrance gate of Taj Mahal 141. 1 ''lower decoration of upper storey around -do- 1983 the chamber of Taj Mahal 142. Cross section of the pavilion on the west -do- l"-8' side of the Taj Mahal 143. Section of the entrance gate of the Taj -do- l"-8' Mahal Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 67

144. West elevation of the entrance gate of the -do- Taj Mahal 145. South elevation of the entrance gate of Taj -do- Mahal 146. First floor plan of Taj Mahal showing -do- plumbing of walls 147. Second floor plan showing intensities -do- pressure at second floor 148. Second floor plan of Taj Mahal showing -do- plumbing of walls 149. Diagrammatic sketch of outer surface of -do- outer surface of main dome of Taj Mahal Northwest quarter 150. Diagrammatic sketch of outer surface of -do- outer surface of main dome of Taj Mahal Northeast quarter 151. Diagrammatic sketch of outer surface of -do- outer surface of main dome of Taj Mahal Southeast quarter 152. Drawing of Saheli Burj near Kali Masjid -do- lcm= Imt 1985 east of Taj Mahal 153. Drawing of proposed toilet block near Tracing paper lcm= 50 1985 museum at Taj Mahal cm 154. Ground floor plan of Fatehpuri mosque Tracing cloth 1 cm= 1 m near Taj Mahal 155. Ground floor plan of Taj Mahal ( main -do- 1"-10' building) 156. Roo f floor plan o f Taj Mahal -do- 1"-10' 157. First floor plan showing developed cracks -do- l"-8' 1984 upto 12-12-1984 158. Second floor plan showing developed -do- l"-8' 1984 cracks upto 12-12-1984 159. Inner elevation o f enclosure wall o f Ta j Tracing paper Not to scale 1986 Mahal 160. Plan of south east chattri at Taj Mahal Tracing cloth l"-8'. 1987 161. Ground plan of Taj Mahal showing drains -do- 1"-20' 1987 162. Plan of Taj garden -do- 1"-100' 1987 163. Plan and section of east Naubat Khana of -do- l"-8' 1987 Taj Mahal 164. FJevation of real grave of Shahjahan at Taj -do- l"-3' 1987 Mahal 165. Side elevation of grave of Mumtaz Mahal -do- l"-3' 1987 upper storey 166. Side elevation of the grave of Shahjahan -do- l"-3' 1987 upper storey 167. Section of the tomb of Sarhindi Begum at -do- l"-8' 1987 Taj Mahal (Saheli Burj) 168. Section of the Baoli at Taj Mahal -do- l"-8' 1987 169. Plan, section and elevation of a chattri of -do- l"-2' 1987 Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 68

Jama-at-Khan at Taj Mahal 170. Pastern side enclosure wall of Taj Mahal -do- lcm=lmt 1987 171. Hoof terrace plan of dalans of forecourt of -do- Not to scale 1986 Taj Mahal 172. Drawing of Saheli Burj west side of Taj -do- lcm=2mts 1989 enclosure 173. Drawing o f Saheli Burj railing o f Taj -do- Mahal 174. Plan of Taj forecourt with Saheli Burj and Tracing paper 60'-1" 1992 adjoining katras (Tasi-makan) 175. Top of upper bracket, red sandstone Tracing paper 6"-l' 1992 bracket of the Taj pavilion 176. Real grave of Mumtaz Mahal Tracing paper 6"-!' 2001 177. Chamber of graves 178. Proposed drawing for pigeon rack lcm=5cm 1994 179. Plan, elevation of inner side jali lcm=50cm 1995 180. Plan, elevation of outer side jali lcm=50cm 1995 181. Plan, elevation of inner side jali (arch lcm=50cm opening) 182. Proposed door shutter to be fixed at steps Not to scale leading to marble terrace 183. Detail of wooden gate eastern side near Tracing film 1:20 mts 1994 bab block of Taj Mahal 184. Ground floor plan Mehman Khana Tracing film 185. Eastern inner side enclosure wall from Tracing film 1:200 & Mehman Khana to Naubat Khana and 1:500 Naubat Khana to east inner side gate. Plan, . elevation and section. AG 108 Plan and elevation of riverside boundary lcm=3m & 1980 wall of Mahtab Bagh at Kachpura Ivm = 1m AG165 Plan of Mahtab Bagh Scale not known

LIST OF OLD DRAWINGS

Serial Subject no. T.I Site Plan of Taj Mahal Drawing sheet T.2 Section of the entrance Gate of Taj -do- Mahal T.3 West Elevation of the Kntrance Gate of -do- Taj Mahal T.4 Section of the Entrance Gate of Taj -de- Mahal T.5 Roof fkx>r plan of the Kntrance Gate of -do- Taj Mahal T.6 Klevation of the Kntrance Gate of Taj -do- M-Uial Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 69

T.7 First floor plan of the Entrance Gate of -do- Taj Mahal T.8 Plan of the En trance Gate of Taj Mahal -do- T.9 Ground Plan of Taj Mahal (main -do- building) T.10 Roof floor plan of Taj Mahal (main -do- building) T.I 1 Cross Section of pavilion on the western -do- side of Taj garden West elevation of the pavilion on the western side of Taj Garden, Agra T.12 Plan of the pavilion (2nd & 3rf Story) on -do- the Western Side of Taj Garden T.I3 Elevation of the pavilion on the western -do- side of Taj garden, Agra T.I 4 Plan of Taj Garden, Taj Mahal -do- T.15 Ground plan showing drains of Taj -do- T.16 Red sandstone brackets of the pavilion -do- T.17 Plan, elevation and section of a chattri at -do- Jamat Khana, Taj Mahal, Agra T.18 Plan (1st and roof floor)of East Naubat -do- Khana, Taj Mahal T.I 9 Plan of South East chattri at Taj Mahal -do- T.20 Plan of chamber on the South of Saheli -do- Burj no.l T.21 Ground floor plan of East Naubat -do- Khana, Taj Mahal T.22 Section of East Naubat Khana, Taj -do- Mahal T.24 Section of Taj mosque at Taj Mahal -do- T.25 Section of Baoli, Taj Mahal, Agra -do- T.26 Plan of Tomb of Sarhindi Begum, Taj -do- Mahal T.27 Section of the Tomb of Sarhindi Begum -do- at the Taj Mahal, Agra T.28 Plan of Basement floor of Taj Mahal -do- T.29 Side Elevation of grave of Mumtaz -do- Mahal T.30 Real grave of Shah Jahan (elevation) -do- T.31 Real grave of Mumtaz Mahal(Elevation) -do- T.32 Chamber of graves at Taj Mahal -do- T.33 Side Elevation of grave of Shah Jahan -do- (upper story grave) T.34 Flower decoration of upper story around -do- thc chamber T.35 Top of grave decoration -do- T.36 South side detail of upper story grave of -do- Shah Jahan T.37 Top grave of Shah Jahan upper story -do- Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 70

T.38 Top work of grave upper story -do- T.39 Top work of platform of the grave of -do- Mumtaz Mahal, upper story T.40 First floor plan of Taj Mahal -do- T.41 Second floor plan of Taj Mahal -do- T.42 Ground floor plan of Taj Mahal -do- T.43 Ground floor plan of Tasbih Khana -do- (Mahaman Khana) T.44 Ground floor plan of Taj Mosque -do- T.45 Ground floor plan of Entrance Gate Taj -do- Mahal T.46 Plan of Taj garden Plot no.2 -do- T.47 Drawing of upper dome of Taj Mahal -do- T.48 Stand for photograph, Taj Museum -do- T.49 Drawing of fountains at Taj Mahal -do- T.50 Railing of Saheli Burj at Taj M -do- T.51 Railing of Saheli Burj at Taj Mahal -do- T.52 Taj Gardens showing flowerbeds -do- T.53 Sketch of railing at Saheli Burj at Taj -do- Mahal T.54 Kotri of South dalan of Saheli Burj no.l -do- T.55 Kotri of South dalan of Saheli Burj no.l -do- T.56 Chamber on the South of Saheli Burj -do- no.l T.57 Chamber on the south of Saheli Burj -do- no.l Elevation T.58 Chamber on the south of Saheli Burj -do- no.l Elevation T.59 Chamber on the South of Saheli Burj -do- no.l Elevation T.60 Chamber on the South of Saheli Burj -do- no.l T.61 Sketch of Lord Curzon's lamp at Taj -do- Mahal 114 Elevation of Taj Mosque Tracing cloth Section of Taj Mahal -do- Elevation of Taj Mahal -do- Plan of Taj Mahal -do- T.I 02 Section of Taj Mahal -do- T.I 01 Elevation of Taj Mahal -do- T.I 03 Ground Plan of Taj Mahal -do- 1 a) iviauai — /YU /xrnioiatcu

LIST OF OLD PHOTOGRAPHS/ 3 NEGATIVES AVAILABLE WITH THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA

Number Size Sub Section 826 10"x 8" Tasbih Khana or Jawab. General view showing the defaced pieces of carved band round the central propylon; from north west 827. -do- Detail of defaced portions of inlaid work under cornice round the southern dome; from north west 953. -do- Jawab. Front view showing new work in propylon; from north west 956. -do- Compound wall. Detail of marble inlay work of the battlements of the garden wall, after restoration; from north east 958. -do- Tomb. Quadrangle in front of Taj gate. General view of Sirhi Darwaza from north west 960, -do- Saheli Burj no.2 General view from south west 961. -do- Saheli Burj no. 2 General view from north west 963. -do- Saheli Burj no.3. General view after restoration; from south west 964. -do- Saheli Burj no.l. General view after restoration of missing balustrades etc.; from north east 966. -do- Saheli Burj no.4. General view from south east 969. -do- Saheli Burj no. 4; General view from south 970. -do- Fatehpuri Masjid. General view from east 971. -do- -do- 1681. -do- Fatehpuri Masjid. Central tank, showing new marble seats. South west

1733. 8 V2" x 6 V2" Hand lamp 1910. 12" x 10" View of hanging lamp. South west 2006. 8 Viz" x 6 Viz" General view of new fountains 2008. 12" x 10" Taj Garden. General view South 2009 10" x 8" Taj Garden. General view of the main channel. South 2010. -do- Taj Garden. Showing tank. South East 2537. ' 8 l/2" x 6 Vz" The Taj. View of old improvised standard lamp 2598. 12" x 10" General view of new brass standard lamp 2600. 8 '/." x 6 y2" Standard lamp. South west 2838 -do- Carved floral panels 2839 -do- -do- 2840. -do- -do- 2841. -do- -do- 2842. -do- -do- 2843. -do- -do- 2847. -do- General view of parterres. South east. 2848. -do- General view of parterres. South west

The list has been sourced from the catalogue of photographs kept at the ASI Some of the prints as well as negatives however may be in a damaged condition and this will need to be verified at the photography section at Agra. Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 72

2849. -do- General view of the Tajganj village wall, with gate. North 3044. 8 Vz" x 6 Viz" Mughal aqueduct west of Taj. Kast 3045. -do- Mughal aqueduct west of Taj. East 3046. -do- Mughal aqueduct west of Taj. Kast 3165. -do- Cypress trees planted in place of palms along the main causeway running east and west from the central tank. East. 3181 -do- Cypress trees in parterre. General view. South west 3284 5" x 4" View down central causeway, after thinning of trees (September, 1913) South 3285 -do- -do- 3286 -do- West causeway showing new cypress trees, East 3287 -do- Taj garden, south gate. North 3372 -do- The Taj. North riverfront showing accumulated debris to be removed. West. 3373 -do- -do- 3374 4 %" x 3 %" -do- 3391 81/2"x61/2" View of Taj Gardens 3392 -do- -do- 3393 -do- -do- 3394 -do- View of Jawab of mosque from centre of platform inside south gate 3396 12" x 10" View of northern half of garden, east side from top of west minaret 3397 -do- View of northern half of garden, west side from top of east minaret 3398 -do- East half of Taj garden, from top of west minaret 3399 -do- West half of Taj garden from east minaret 3439 -do- View of large hanging lamp in Taj gateway. North east 3512 8 V? x 6 Vz" Decoration on the band of dome. Detail view. East 3537 6V2"x43/4" General view of T,aj and garden. South 3563 12" x 10" Taj garden after opening up vista towards Jawab. South 3564 -do- Taj garden after opening up vista towards mosque. South 3565 -do- Taj and mosque. View now obtainable from the new road opened up to the west of Taj in the Macdonald Park. West. 974 10" x 8" Mahtab Burj. General view after restoration, from south-cast 3889 Full The Taj. General view 3890 Full 'line Taj. General view 3891 Full The Taj. General view showing the mosque and the Taj from the road in Macdonald Park 4062 Full The Taj. Enlarged copy of bird's eye view taken from aeroplane 4505 (a) 12' x 10" The Taj. Copy of a photograph of the Taj in 1868. Front view, showing clustering trees and crude Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 73

benches on central tank.

4505 (b) 12' x 10" The Taj. Copy of a photograph of the Taj in 1868. Front view, showing clustering trees and crude benches on central tank. 4505 (c) 12' x 10" The Taj. Copy of a photograph of the Taj in 1868. Front view, showing clustering trees and crude benches on central tank. 4659 Full The Taj. General view, showing bankati working on the dome 5748 Full The Taj. General view through the arches of main entrance 4709 Full The Taj. General view showing the J umna river touching its wall during flood 4710 Full The Taj. Another view showing the Jumna river touching its wall during flood 4711 Full The Taj. Another view showing Jumna river touching its wall during flood 1681 10" x 8" The Taj. Central tank. General view showing new marble seats. South west 2010 10" x 8" The Taj. Central tank. General view. South east 956 10" x 8" The Taj. Compound wall. Detail of marble inlay work of battlements of the garden wall, after restoration. North east. 4056 Full The Taj. South wall looking towards west. General view, before conservation 4057 Full The Taj. South wall looking towards east. General view, before conservation 4518 Full The Taj. Corner chhatri (south west). General view south 4519 Full Corner Chatri (Southwest) General view. East 4534 12" x 10" Comer chatri (south,west). View showing stones numbered on the exterior of the dome. North 4535 12" x 10" Comer chatri (south west). View showing stones numbered on the exterior of the dome. North east 4536 -do- Comer chatri (south west). View showing stones numbered on the exterior of the dome. South west 4537 -do- Comer chatri (south west). View showing stones numbered on the exterior of the dome. South east 4538 Quarter Corner chatri (south west). View showing stones numbered in the interior of the dome. 4539 -do- Corner chatri (south west). View showing stones numbered in the interior of the dome. 4540 -dO- Comer chatri (south west). View showing stones numbered in the interior of the dome. 4541 -do- Corner chatri (south west). View showing stones numbered in the interior of the dome. 4542 -do- Corner chatri (south west). View showing stones numbered in the interior of the dome. Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 74

4542(a) -do- Corner chatri (south west). View showing stones numbered in the interior of the dome. 4543 -do- Comer chatri (south west). View showing stones numbered in the interior of the dome. 4544 -do- Corner chatri (south west). View showing stones numbered in the interior of the dome. 4545 -do- Corner chatri (south west). View showing stones numbered in the interior of the dome. 4565 Full Comer chatri (Southwest). General view after conservation 4658 -do- Comer chatri (Southwest). General view after conservation 3888 -do- Entrance gate. General view from the chabutra. 5282 -do- View of west entrance gate showing shops on either side. North west. 5283 -do- View of west entrance gate showing shops on either side. West 970 10" x 8" Fatehpuri Masjid. Genera! view. East. 971 70" x 8" Fatehpuri Masjid. Genera! view. East 5884 Full Fathpuri Masjid. Detail view of a column. North east. 5885 Full Fathpuri Masjid. General view of mihrab. East. 5886 -do- Fathpuri Masjid. General view of central arch. East. 5887 12" x 10" Fathpuri Masjid. View of central arch. East 12" x 10" Fathpuri Masjid. General view of central dome. South east 5888 -do- Saheli Burj on the north of Fathpuri Masjid. General view. South west. 5889 -do- Saheli Burj on the north of Fathpuri Masjid. General view. South west 4224 FuU Forecourt dalans. General view, after conservation 4229 -do- Forecourt dalans. General view after reconstruction 4388 Full Forecourt dalans to east of Sirhi Darwaza. General view after reconstruction 4712 -do- Khan-I-Alam ka Bagh during flood. General view showing the Jumna side wall fallen down 4773 -do- North west minar. View of chatri after repairs to fmial 3893 Full Mosque. General view 4810 -do- Mosque. View showing i.h£ south west corner bulging out. 3044 -do- Mughal aqueduct west of'Taj. General view. East. 3045 -do- Mughal aqueduct west ot Taj. General view. East. 3046 -do- Mughal aqueduct west of Taj. General view. East. 3372 5" x 4" Riverfront (North) showing accumulated debris to be removed. North West. 3373 -do- Riverfront (North) showing accumulated debris to be removed. West. 3374 Quartcr Riverfront (North) showing accumulated debris to be removed. North West. 964 10" x 8" Saheli burj no.l General view after restoration of . Taj Mahal - An Annotated Bibliography 75

missing balustrades etc. North east 960 10" x 8" SaheH Burj No. 2 General view. South west. 961 Saheli Burj No. 2. General view . North west. 963 10" x 8" Saheli Burj No. 3. General view, after conservation. South west 965 -do- Saheli Burj No. 4. General view. South east 969 -do- Saheli Burj No. 4. General view. South. 3892 Full Screen round the cenotaph 958 16'x8" Sirhi Darwaza. General view. South 6116 Full Sirhi Darwaza. View of eastern Jamb, before conservation 5513 Full View of staircase leading to the crypt chamber. South 5514 Full View of staircase leading to the crypt chamber. North 826 10" x 8" Tasbih Khana or Jawab. General view showing defaced pieces of carved band round the central propylon. North west 827 -do- Tasbih khana or Jawab. Detail of defaced portions of inlaid work under cornice round the southern dome. North west 953 -do- Tasbih khana or Jawab. Front view showing propylon. North west 3394 Full Tasbih Khana or Jawab. General view from centre of platform inside south gate. 2838 -do- View of carved floral panels 2840 Full View of carved floral panels 2841 -do- View of carved floral panels 2842 -do- View of carved floral panels 2843 -do- View of carved floral panels 4504 -do- View of carved floral panels 3512 -do- Decoration on the band of dome. Detail view. East 4635 -do- Carved dado panel at the entrance to tomb chamber. Detail view. 4636 -do- Carved dado panel at the entrance to tomb chamber. Detail view. 4637 -do- Carved dado panel at the entrance to tomb chamber. Detail view. 4638 -do- Carved dado panel at the entrance to tomb chamber. Detail view. 4566(a) -do- View of Indian appliance of hoisting stones 4566(b) -do- View of Indian appliance of hoisting stones 2006 -do- General view of new fountains. East. 3748 -do- Stone seat of early Mughal design. Photo of a clay model 1733 -do- View of hand lamp 1910 12" x 10" View of hanging lamp. South West. 3439 -do- View of large hanging lamp in Taj gateway. North east 2537 Full View of old improvised standard lamp 2598 12" x 10" General view of new brass standard lamp 2600 Full General view of standard lamp. South west. Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 76

5828 12" x 10" dopy °f a drawing showing the section 5829 -do- South east chhatri. dopy of a ground floor plan, roof plan and first floor plan 5830 -do- dopy of a second floor plan 5831 -do- dopy of a roof floor plan 5832 -do- Entrance Gate, dopy of the first floor plan 5835 -do- Entrance Gate, dopy of the roof plan 5833 -do- East Naubat Khana. dopy of the first floor plan and roof floor plan. 5834 -do- East Naubat Khana. dopy of the ground floor plan. 5969 -do- dopy of a drawing of Entrance Gate. Ground plan. 5970 -do- dopy of a drawing of Entrance Gate. Section 5971 -do- dopy of a drawing of basement floor plan 5972 -do- dopy of a drawing of ground floor plan 5973 -do- dopy of a drawing of first floor plan 5974 -do- dopy of a drawing of the Jawab 5975 -do- dopy of a drawing of site plan 2008 -do- The Taj Garden. General view. South. 2847 Full The Taj Gardens. General view of parterres. South east 2848 Full Taj Garden. General view of parterres. South West 1868 Full Taj Garden. Front view showing clustering trees and crude benches on central tank 4387 Full Taj Garden. General view showing main causeway running north and south from central tank before trimming of cypress trees. 4440 -do- Taj Garden. General view showing main causeway running north and south from central tank, after trimming of cypress trees. 4726 -do- Taj Garden. View of shrubbery near south west corner of die central tank. South east. 4727 « -do- Taj Garden. View of shrubbery near north west comer of the central tank. South east. 4729 -do- Taj Garden. View of shrubbery near south west corner of the central tank. South west 4728 -do- Taj Garden .View of shrubbery ion north side of the causeway running from the main gate to the west. South east. 3286 5" x 4" Taj Garden .West causeway. View showing new cypress trees. East. 3287 5" x 4" Taj Garden . South gate. General view. North

3165 Full Taj garden . View of cypress trees planted in place of palms along the main causeway running cast and west from central tank. East. 3181 F'ull Taj Garden, dyprcss trees in parterres. General view. South-west 3284 5" x 4" Taj Garden. View down central causeway after thinning of trees (September, 1913). South Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 77

3285 -do- Taj Garden. View down central causeway after thinning of trees (September, 1913). South 3391 Full Taj Garden. General view 3392 Full Taj Garden. General view 3393 -do- Taj Garden. General view. 3396 12".\10" Taj Garden. View of northern half of garden, cast side from top of west minaret. 3397 -do- Taj Garden. View of northern half of garden, west side from top of c.ist minaret 3398 -do- Taj Garden. View of eastern half of garden, from top of west minaret 3399 -do- Taj Garden. View of western half of garden from east minaret 3537 half Taj Garden. General view. South 3563 12" x 10" Taj Garden. General view of garden after opening up vista towards Jawab. South 3564 -do- Taj Garden. General view of garden after opening up of vista towards Mosque. South. 5740(a) 12"xlO" Taj museum. A coloured drawing plan (on linen) of the Taj Mahal with its outer quadrangle, and the katras and the Mahtab Bagh on the north. 1" half. 5740(b) -do- Taj museum. A coloured drawing plan (on linen) of the Taj Mahal with its outer quadrangle, and the katras and the Mahtab Bagh on the north. 2nd half. 5741 -do- Taj Museum. Plan (on linen) of the Taj Mahal with the main buildings in elevation 2849 Full Taj ganj. General view of wall with gate. North 3764 -do- Tajganj. Gateway known as the Dakhni Darwaza. General view 3765 12" x 10" Tajganj. General view showing the Taj and gateway partly covered by houses. From Dakhni Darwaza 3761 Full Tajganj. Gateway of Katrajogidas. General view. 1579 12" x 10" Tajganj. View of inscription on Zulfi mosque in Phulel katra Northwest 3760 Full Tajganj. Gateway of Katra Phulel. General view * 2607 Tajganj. General view of the tomb of Diwan ji Begam. West 3762 Full Tajganj. Gateway ofXatra Rcsham. General view. 3763 Full Tajganj. Gateway of Katra Umar Khan. General view. Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 78

MANUSCRIPTS, HISTORICAL RECORDS

Risa/a/.i-I-'l 'aj Mahal A brief description with the Persian manuscript in the principal measurements of the collection of the Asiatic famous mausoleum of Shah Society of Bengal, Calcutta Jahan and his wife, the Taj at Agra. A short biographical note on Shah Jahan's wife Mumtaz Mahal and a few other persons prefixed in the beginning.

Amal-l-Salih — A very large and detailed India Office Librarv Muhammad Salih Kanbo history of Shah Jahan's reign together with a full account of his forefathers and predecessors especially Akbar and Jahangir and of the first 3 years of Alamgir's reign.

Tarik/j-I-Tajgati/ History of the Taj Mahal of Central records Office, Bhopal Agra. Name of the author and date unknown

lmarat-l-Akbar An anonymous history of the Private collection of Muhbib- Taj copied from an older al Hasan Khan, Calcutta work, giving the names of the architect, chief artisans, names of different stones etc

Padshah Nama Chronicles of the reign of Various versions by Abd al- ShahJahan Hamid Lahori, Muhammad Waris and Inayat Khan

Padshah Nama Chronicles of the reign of British library (incomplete) by Tabataba'I ShahJahan and Qaxwini

Padshah Nama Contains a long section on the British Library In verse by Kalim death of Mum tax Mahal and the Taj Mahal

'/.afar Nama Contains a long section on the Khuda Baksh Oriental library, In verse by Qudsi death of Mumtax Mahal and Patna the Taj Mahal

Yadgar-c-Mnghttliyyah Anecdotes concerning Akbar Persian manuscript in the (translated by I I.M Axeex and Mumtax Mahal wife of Cur/on collection, Asiatic Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 79

Hassan, Agra 1903) Shah jahan, together with Society of Bengal, some lists of materials purchased and workmen engaged for the construction of the Taj Mahal in Agra

7.inat-al- basatin A treatise on gardening Punjab University library By Sadr al din Muhammad b. Zabardast Khan

Manuscript by Mughal Raig Giving the geneoiogy of Taj Museum Mumtaz Mahal as also the details of the construction of imperial buildings more particularly of the Taj of Akbarabad(Agra) Dated, 24th August, 1878

Farmans l.Jan-Feb. 1632-to Rajajai Taj Museum Singh of Amber concerning the transportation of material from Makrana 2. Farman to Rajajai Singh dated Aug. 1632 detailing Muluk Shah to collect marble stone from the new quarry and collect payment 3. Farnian to Rajajai Singh dated 20 June 1637) ordering the release of artisans and stone cutters being employed by him for work in Amber to enable work to proceed at Makrana for the quarrying and transportation of stone.

Patta Patta bearing a seal dated Taj museum 1799-1800 issued by General Perron recording the auction bid by Ahmad Zaman for the fruits of the Taj Gardens Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 80

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA REPORTS, HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS AND REPORTS OF SPECIAL COMMITTEES

The following time line traces the conservation works executed from the nineteenth century since its creation, alongwith the recommendations of special expert committees for the conservation of the Taj Mahal.

1632 Foundation of the Taj Mahal laid 1632 First urs in court of new grave 1633 Mention by Mundy of gold railing installed around the grave, establishment of Taj Ganj near the tomb and leveling of surrounding terrain 26 May, 1633 Second urs on foundation of new tomb, gold railing installed around the grave 1635-36 Amanat Khan inscription inside die tomb 1636-37 Dated inscription on Tomb exterior, west door 1638 Amanat Khan inscription inside Tomb 1643 Twelfth Urs, completion of tomb complex, supervision of Makramat Khan and Abd al-Karim' 1649 Burial of Satti al-Nisa Khanam at Tomb complex 1654 Royal visit to Tomb during brief excursion to inspect Moti Masjkl in Agra Fort 1652 Letter from Aurangzeb to his father referring to defects in die dome and vaults of the mausoleum. Leaks in the internal and external domes and cracks in die vaults over me apartments of me second floor. Reference also to submergence of the Mehtab Bagh following the floods which requires cleaning although the octagonal pond and buildings in die vicinity are reported to be in a good condition. 1666 Deadi and burial of Shah Jahan 1794 Sir John Murray seeks General de Boigne's intervention in requesting Sindhia to allocate funds for die upkeep and maintenance of die mausoleum. Speaks of the neglected condition of the mausoleum. De Boigne writes to state that allowance has been made for the Majavers or priests for the upkeep of die building and die gardens but diis was being misused

1794 letters written by a Major J.H on die Taj providing a detailed description Asiatic Annual of the Taj and its gardens. Of interest is the levels of the gafJens Register, 1803 described as being 5 feet lower than the first pavement and the marble reservoir as being 6 feet above the level of the gardens. Description of die gardens includes reference to grapes, variety of fruits and odier fine trees.

1803 City of Agra becomes part of British India. The Taj appears to have been in charge of the officer commanding at Agra to whom the Collector transferred the proceeds of the collections levied by him for die maintenance and repair of the building. In the absence of a Ci\il Engineering Department, the Military 1 engineer at Agra was responsible for the works carried out at the Taj Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 81

1808 Transfer of the Taj Mahal to the charge of a local Committee comprising Bengal Past and of the Magistrate, the Collector and the Commanding Officer at Agra Present who were directed to report on the arrangements proposed for its maintenance, the rules for visiting it, the establishment to be employed for the building and the gardens, and the repairs required by the building which were to be carried out by the Engineer Officer stationed at Agra

8th A Detailed Survey of all the buildings of the Taj is carried out by Lt Col. Bengal Past and November, A. Kyd and his report of this date gives an account of the condition of Present 1808 the buildings at the time. In the case of the Taj itself only surface damage has been done and it was largely a matter of removing grass from the joints of the marble, restoring the marble pavement of the platform and repairing the copper gilt ornament of the dome of which only part was left.

1810 Captain Taylor appointed to execute repairs to the Taj Mahal.

1814 Captain Taylor reports on the works executed at the Taj. This includes cleaning and repair of the outer surface of the body of the Taj. Replacement of stones which have fallen and inky work renewed.

1815 Formal visit by the Governor General Lord Hastings to review the work Bengal Past and on the Taj carried out by Lt Col. A Kyd and his successor Lieut. Taylor. Present Letter from the Court of Directors in London restricting further expenditure on the Taj as the budget had already exceeded the initial budget prepared by Kyd.

1822 Following heavy rains in that year, the exterior body of the Taj is damaged. The matter is investigated by the local agents and it is discovered that in place of the inlaid stones, coloured chunam had been used during die recent restoration effort Similarly die joints of die marble slabs of the minarets formerly containing bkck stone had been replaced with coloured mortar.

1828 Col. Hodgson surveys the Taj Mahal complex. Details of the gardens and forecourt

1839 Taj gardens maintained by die Botanic gardens at Saharanpur.

1864 Dr. Murray, Inspector General Hospitals, N.W.P reports that the mosaic work is damaged particularly during die Mutiny when the inlaid stones were prised away from their place. Coloured lime and painted imitation of the flowers replaced die missing sections. Also refers to cracks in the marble caused due to the subsidence of the North East wall.

1871-72 A.C.L. Carlleyle submits report on monuments at Agra with a detailed Report on Agra with description of the Mughal gardens of Agra including the gardens of notices of some of Achanak Bagh, Aram Bagh, Buland Bagh, Chahr Bagh,Jamna Bagh, the neighbouring Khandari Bagh, l^adli Bagh, Mehtab Khan ka Bagh, Mori Bagh, Ram places - A.C.L. Bagh, Udinatha Bagh, Zahara Bagh Carlleyle, Asst. In Cunningham Reports Volume IV

1874 Restoration of die Eastern facade primarily the removal of broken Report of J.W Taj Mahal - An Annotated Bibliography 82

marble and substitution of new pieces in the vaulted opening. Alexander, Esq., Restoration of Inlay work also executed. Executive Engineer, • Regilding of upper pinnacle that surmounts the dome Agra Provisional • Pointing of main dome with Portland cement Division, • Restoration of Inlaid work on lower panels Government of • Re-erection of pinnacles over the gateway alongwith restoration of India, P.W.D. 1974, inlay work Civil Works Buildings Progs.Oct.B. Nos.7) 1876 Mausoleum entrusted to the Public Works Department

1891 A. Westland responsible for Taj gardens; diins vegetation

1899-1900 • Repair and renewal of marble and stone floors Report of Mr. G.J • Inlay work restored at die marble tomb of Shah Jahan which had Joseph Esq., been vandalised by the mutineers Executive Engineer, • Main dome of the Taj brushed and cleaned Agra Provisional • Taj mosque — decayed voussoir stones renewed, restoration of inlay Division work, ornamental painting done in die interior surface of the repaired dome, red sandstone dado panels with foliage and floral designs carved in relief reproduced by deepening the plane of the panels so as to make the projection of sculpted design stand out • Gaushala Burj — South West corner kiosk repaired • Gaushala - In a dilapidated condition. Renewal of pillars, shafts and capitals carried out, masonry and lime pointing redone, outer and inner enclosures which had collapsed were redone • Saheli Burj 1 (SW corner of outer enclosure) — inner ornamental marble facing replaced, decayed corbel stones, panels, fallen and decayed portions of dome, missing finials and flooring renewed. Openings fitted with stone ornamental tracery screens • Saheli Burj II (SE comer) — Ornamental marble facing of interior wall and marble tracery screen replaced. Flooring repaired and missing finials restored. Dilapidated dalan on north side restored with ornamental plaster • Saheli Burj III (NE corner) — Capitals of pillars renewed, missing finials repkced, ornamental tracery screens placed in all openings • Saheli Burj IV (NW corner)- Dome dioroughly repaired. Carved semi vaults round the burj restored. Flooring, plindi and platform restored and missing finials repkced. Kiosk on the right corner in front restored and a matching one constructed on the left corner. Ornamental red sandstone balustrade provided. Dalans repaired, all decayed stone work in panelling, face work, baskets, bases, shafts and capitals renewed. Terraced roof and floor of dalans renewed.

1900-1901 • Restoration works completed to Saheli Burj nos. 1,111 and IV • Restoration of 2 kiosks of Sahcli Burj IV • Structural repairs to Kali Masjid and enclosure walls of the Taj • 2 missing kiosks at the rear of Sahcli Burj IV built anew to match the 2 front kiosks where previously only the base existed • Structural and other repairs to the east and west pavilions in the Taj garden — renewal of decayed and missing stones from walls and vaults of superstructure. Inlay work on external surface of dome restored. Ornamental marble and red sandstone pavement of both pavilions restored. Whitewash on internal surfaces of both pavilions Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 83

removed • Restoration of Fatehpuri Masjid - 4 comer towers surmounted by kiosks restored. Marble spandrels of arch over the main entrance to mosque restored. Basement dalans repaired

1901-1902 " Structural and other repairs to East and West pavilions in the Taj Annual Progress Garden- Renewing decayed and missing stones in the walls, restoring Report of inlay work on the exterior of the domes, relaying marble and Archaeological Survey sandstone pavements of India (United • Restoring the outer compound wall facing Fatehpuri Masjid and the Provinces) Saheli Burj Report by A.C " West wall of the outer gateway of the Taj which was the principle Pohvhele, Esq, entrance gate for visitors has been refaced with red sandstone Executive Engineer, • Restoring Sirhi Darwaza at the Taj — General structural repairs, Agra Provisional restoring black and white marble inlay of finial columns, plastering' Division on the interior surface of entire south wall of the quadrangle. Conservation of • Special repairs to the Mosque at the Taj - Renewal of pieces of black Ancient Buildings in and white marble inlay from borders of the dado panels. Restoration Agra Division of carved sandstone friezes and panels. Removal of defective block of sandstone in honeycombed pendentives of the domes and substitution with sound stone. General structural repairs

1902-1903 • Special repairs to the Taj mosque -do- • Restoration of east and west central causeway. Removal of water main and replacement with cast iron pipes for irrigation of garden. 4" cast branch pipe for fountains laid. Repair of floors and sides of water channels.' Pipes connected to main reservoir in the park • Red sandstone flagging to platform of Saheli Burj restored • Restoration of sill stones and pillars in cloisters of die Taj quadrangle • Restoration of pierced sandstone screens in the rear of the pavilions in the east and west walls of die Taj garden. Wooden doors installed in place of old iron barred doors • Metalling of roads in the outer quadrangle and laying covered drains • Removal of modem brick wall on the north side of the road through die quadrangle near the east gate. • Improvement to Khan Alam Bagh • Fixing of suitable doors to entrance of Fatehpuri Masjid and erecting a tank in the floor of the platform 1903-04 Jawab Annual Report 1903- • Restoration of some of the carved sandstone panels and marble inlay 1904 Archaeological „ in the zigzag border round the dado on the west front and in the Survey of India frieze at the base of the domes was undertaken. Garden: • Ornamental battlements inlaid with black and white marble have been restored. 300 of the white marble flowers and 600 lineal feet of the white marble band have been renewed.. In fixing the flowers each flower has been secured by two small copper pins. " Cutting down of some of the heavier trees in the garden to open up a fuller \iew of the buildings round the mausoleum from the main gateway. Until the present year it was hardly possible to get a grasp of the general design for both the mosque and the jawab which were hidden behind dense foliage. Saheli Burj 1 Taj Mahal - An Annotated Bibliography 84

• The compound has been converted from a veritable wilderness into a neatly paved and well grassed garden. • The fountain in the central tank has been connected with the Taj irrigation main. The tank and the water channel it feeds have been restored. • A small museum located in the south gateway has been added. • The quadrangle has been enhanced by the lowering and metalling of the roads and construction of covered drains. In the old days the quadrangle used to be deep in dust in the dry weather and flooded with water during the rains. In the roadway through the west entrance gateway which is the principal entrance to the Taj, the removal of metalling which had accumulated to a depth of 18 inches involved regarding of the approach to the gateway outside as weD as inside the quadrangle and diis led to the discovery of an ancient brick pavement. It was not however, considered advisable to leave the latter exposed as die slope is too great and does not work in with that of the approach road. A further result of these changes in the level, it should be noticed, is that the old gates have been saved from decay which was gradually creeping up as the became more and more embedded in road metal and dirt Mahtab Bagh • Downstream bur[ of Mahtab Baghj repaired

1904-1905 • Tank restored in front of the Fatehpuri Masjid which was earlier discovered while digging the road at the gateway. Tank was rebuilt in red sandstone and a carved balustrade copied from one which surrounds the Fatehpuri Masjid fitted around the edge • Garden laid out at Saheli Burj I and balustrade restored along east front of platform on which the Burj stands • Renewal of pieces 1905-1906 • Restoration of the colonnades around the Taj quadrangle Annual report " Restoration of the pavement, water channels and other facilities of the platform of Saheli Burj no. II • Repair of foliated balustrades on the norm and west sides of Saheli Burj IV • Ruined buildings south of Saheli Burj no. I dismantled. Plans and elevations prepared • Stone finials on 2 of the corner kiosks of the Fatehpuri Masjid replaced with marble ones • Modem chhatri over the garden well dismanded and replaced with a sandstone chatri • Pieces of marble and strips of black marble replaced inside the main dome of the Taj • Sandstone floors replaced at several places • Cornices of the Jawab sloped to prevent pigeons from roosting there • Marble inlay work repaired at the Taj gate

1906-1907 • Restoration of the arcades around the Taj quadrangle Annual Report • Restoration of pavement, water channels and other features of the platform of Saheli Burj 11 • Restoration of Central fountains, water channels and paved ways of the garden court west of the domed tomb or Rauxa (Saheli Buq II) • Restoration of the marble lining inside the Taj dome Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 85

Stone flagging laid on die floors of die Taj dalan Balustrade on die edge of die platform at the Taj entrance gate restored New Sal wood studded gates installed at the entrance to the east side of the Taj gardens

1907-1908 Subsidence of pavilion immediately south of the Jawab followed by Annual Report cracking of one of the capitals which supported die dome. Dome trussed and damaged masonry repaired. Anodier colonnade added to those already built in the forecourt Removal of seats of English patter widi dieir substitution by marble benches of Mughal design 2 long canals on die east and west of the main marble reservoir at die Taj pointed with cement Bulging stones on the Jawab removed and reset To prevent pigeons from roosting on cornices of die Jawab piano wires stretched across die building 9" apart

1909 Repair to water channels by embedding diem in a bed of concrete Flower beds removed from east and west channels and grass substituted in accordance widi die main channel. Proposal to remove curved paths and irregular flower beds from the northern part of the garden Installation of bronze lamp inlaid widi gold and silver gifted by Lord Curzon (16th February)

1913 Thinning of old vegetation consisting primarily of variegated palms Annual Progress and replacement widi more compact foliage Report of the Cypress trees planted in the causeways running due east and west . Superintendent from the central marble tank in place of palms. Muhammadan and British Monuments Northern Circle

1914 Thinning of trees to give vistas to the mosque and Jawab from the -do- centre of die tomb platforms to the two baradaris terminating in the water causeways running east and west from the Central tank Main items of removal were lines of ashoka trees which flanked die parterres on eidier side of'die main causeway in die northern half of die garden, (reference to die Agra Gardens Committee comprising of Collector, Executive Engineer, Superintendent Government Gardens, Superintendent Muhammadan and British Monuments with Commissioner Agra as the chairman)

1915 letter from Sir J.I 1 Marshall, Director General of Archaeology to the Copy of a d.o no. 1164 Commissioner of Agrareferring to Baker's plans for the Taj Gardens. dated l"June, 1915 1 Ic cites I x>rd Curxon's letter "A rumour (audientic) has reached me from Sir J. 11 Marshall that Baker, the South African is at Sir James MEston to alter the Taj Director General of Gardens. For I leaven's sake don't let them tamper with it. We Archaeology in India discussed ever)' theory, every plan. We cannot ever make it what it to the Commissioner was under the Mugha;s and we would not wish to if we could " of Agra division. The proposals are dismissed for being unpractical.

1917-18 largest project in Agr.i involves reinforcement of river walls at Bagh- Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 86

i-Alam Klian and work on its plant nursery next to the Taj Mahal

1919 " Cutting back of high bank on the right hand side of the approacli to Extract from letter no the Taj forecourt to enable a view of the small tank and dalans of 19 dated 1^4-1919 Fatehpuri mosque. Babul trees removed. from Supdt. Taj and Taj gardens and nurseries: other Govt. gardens, • "All the borders of shrubs have now been made a uniform width of Agra to Collector of 30 ft., 4 plots were reveled during the rains which will make the Agra irrigation more satisfactory. The number of flower beds were reduced and a reduction was made in 4 plots. The canna plots and the new rose plot made last year have given satisfaction the former has been in flower through out the year. The biotas on either side of the main walk have been removed and replanted with plants of one size with an equal number in each plot with the exception of the 2 plots nearest the r.omb these plots being about 27 ft. wider than the remainder 2 extra plant were necessary. The former procedure appears to have been to cut out and replant biotas in each plot when they grew too large and replant with young plants but unfortunately one or two plots a year seem to have been treated in this manner the consequence was no two plots in the garden had the same size plants. We now have plants of one size and age throughout. A colour scheme for the flower beds has been attempted this year" Forecourt • An improvement has been carried out in the Taj forecourt by extending the kunkered portions to the shade of several trees bordering the road to form a shady spot for the parking of carriages, this has been carried out with a view eventually to the removal of Nim trees on the east portion of the metalled square which is now in use for standing vehicles. 2 very old Nim trees have been removed from the grass plot in the courtyard during die year and replaced by 2 gulmohars. Work has commenced on the removal of 5 trees in die Taj garden only one of which will be missed — silk cotton tree on the left of the entrance gate."

1920 • Repairs to the old wall running along die banks of the Yamuna and Annual Progress protecting the Bag-I-Alam. Repairs of brick masonry walls including Report of the bastions, steps and some inner rooms, making the roof watertight Superintendent and removing shrubs and jungle. Constructing a masonry stepped fall Archaeological Survey to carry rainwater from the garden to the river. of India Northern • Aenal view of the Taj Circle (Muhammadan and British Monuments) 1921 Restoration of missing cloisters on south side of the forecourt - west of the Sirhi Darwaza Repair of electrical installations at the Taj

1921-22 Taj water supply from canal water lias too much silt.

1924-1925 I>ismanthng and reconstruction of the dome surmounting the North Annual Report of the West minar. Owing to rusting of the central iron rod, the lotus Archaeological Survey cresting had cracked and die finial unsteady. The rod was re-placed by of India for the year a galvanised one and the cresting and finial reset 1924-25 Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 87

Repairs to the roofs of the colonnades surrounding the forecourt Underpinning and pointing of the compartments and verandahs of die enclosure used as a chick nursery Filling up of open joints in the parapet walls of the mosque and jawab making them watertight Replacement of old underground lighting cable by a new armoured cable New floral scheme of roses and cannas introduced; lotus added to the central tank

1925 - 26 South west comer of die mosque had been affected some time ago Annual Report of die by an earthquake or settlement causing the south wall and arches to Archaeological Survey crack and the stones in the wall were bulging out The stones in the of India for die year wall were dismantled and relaid 1925-26 Few surface fractures at the Jawab were repaired by inserting rectangular pieces of similar stone. Four jali screens were provided in the Northern Chhatri Broken chajja slabs at the main entrance gate were replaced with new ones Reference to gardens of the Taj; similar colour scheme developed for cold weather season and rainy season (rose, canna and lawns)

1927 Shops started in the western forecourt

Patch repairs to the wails and floors Annual Report of die 1927-28 Decayed paving stones replaced Archaeological Survey Inlaid work restored of India for die year Broken stone jalis around the river kiosks were renewed and 1927-28 Tell tales fixed at suitable points around the drum of the main dome where cracks were in evidence 1928-1929 Old missing drain in the North eastern parterres of the gardens was Annual Report of die restored. Portion of the pavement in the vicinity of the drain had Archaeological Survey subsided creating a slope in the opposite direction. These stones of India for die year were relaid with a slope cowards die drain 1928-29 On die Eastern and Northern sides of the plinth of the main entrance gateway a few decayed panels of carving were replaced by new ones of the original pattern The ablution tank in front of the mosque was repaired and made watertight

1929-1930 Dusty floors of the dalan to die cast of die main entrance gateway Annual Report of the partially paved with stone Archaeological Survey Facing stones of one of die minarets flanking the central arch of the of India for die year Taj mosque on the north which had disintegrated and bulged out 1929-30 was dismantled and rebuilt

1930-1931 Missing chajja at the covered nursery renovated Annual Report of the Inlay work restored Archaeokjgical Survey of India for the year 1930-1934

1931-1932 Saracenic lamp hanging in the main gateway which had fallen and -do- Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 88

was damaged was repaired

1932 1.°33 • Dismantling and repair of guldasta on inner facade of Sirhi Darwaza -do- • Rebuilding with lakhauri bricks in lime of a section of the enclosure wall of the Taj • Plinth of the northern dalan of Sati-un-Nissa Khanum's tombs thoroughly repaired • Gate of Katea Umar Khan restored with stone slabs and lime concrete • Several trees cut down to open the view of the mausoleum from the side of the Naubat Khana

1933-1934 " Further work carried out to east of main entrance - dusty floors of -do- the dalans completely restored

15th January, Earthquake hits Agra. 1934 • Mosque in the Taj garden is badly affected. • 3 out of 4 minarets around the central dome are displaced and a position of the stone facing of a minaret has bulged out. • Portion of the carved facing of the front facade and the east wall has fallen down. • The stone facing of me back wall has also bulged out All of these portions are in dangerous condition and may come down anytime. • Jamaat Khana — Two vertical cracks have appeared in the northern arch of the west facade, but there is no fear of the arch or wall collapsing due tot hese cracks in me near future. • The rest of the buildings have not been affected.

1934-1935 • Mosque at the Taj - stone face of west facade dismantled and reset Annual Report of the from the level of the plinth upto the inlaid frieze at the base of the Archeological Survey parapet of India for me year • Four gardens of the former eight gardens of annuals closed and 1934-1935 regrassed

1936-1937 • Restoration of the balcony.of the dalan to the north of the Jawab Annual Report of die • Conservation of the riverside waH — decayed stones renewed and the Archeological Survey open joints pointed widi recessed cement pointing, removal of silt of India for the year and debris from the site 1936-37 • Construction of a retaining wall and dry pitching along me east wall to protect against the drain which flows on that side during the rainy season • Repairs to the underground drains in the courtyard of the mosque and Jawab • Provision of dry pitching around Hie north west bastion

1942 Taj Advisory Committee established to examine the structure of the Taj and prepare recommendations for its preservation

1943 Advisor)' Committee expanded to review recommendations of the previous committee

1953-1954 • Repairs to the facades of the mausoleum - pointing of open joints of Indian Archeology the marble setting, resetting loose inlay pieces and inlay bases, Review - 1953-54 Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 89

inserting new inlay bars, chiseling fractured portions on the facade and intrados of the sahanchis and insetting new bidis, relaying floors of upper sahanchis in the facades with 1 Vz " cement concrete over 3 " lime concrete. • Survey of India checked vetticality of the mtnars and reported no appreciable change

1954-1955 • Repairs to the facades of the mausoleum and the chattri at the south Indian Archaeology east comer of the enclosure wall near the gaushala Review - 1954-55 • Replastering of the inner surface of the upper dome as recommended by the Taj Advisory Committee and the plinth of the dalans in the forecourt • Pruning of trees as large number of trees causing overcrowding 1955-1956 • Work of consolidating facades of mausoleum - pointing of marble facing, resetting of loose inlay pieces and insertion of new ones, floors of upper sahanchis were relaid with cement concrete to prevent percolation of water into the core of the structure • Marble screen around the cenotaphs and the carved marble dados in the interior and exterior were cleaned " Plinth of marble platform containing tank, two rows of the pavement at the back of the dasa stones were dismantled and crevices below were grouted and slabs reset. Pointing done to make platform watertight • 22 marble cupolas over main gate were repaired by resetting of dislodged veneer stones after the crevices below them had been thoroughly grouted • Glass and chick houses of Taj gardens and Khan-I-Alam were renovated

1956-1957 • Work on the facades of the mausoleum completed with exception of Indian Archaeology work on the dislodged pilaster in the south west corner Review-1955-56 • Team of engineers reviewed works executed in light of the recommendation of the Advisory Committee of 1943 in the main structure and subsidiary buildings and drew up programme for repair. Measures advised included — fixation of tell tales all along cracks in the Upper ground vaults on the river front, execution of repairs of special nature to the dislodged south west pilaster of main mausoleum which included removal of flat strips of stone fixed on either side of the pilaster and resetting of dislodged veneer stones in position by clamps and dowels after a thorough pointing of the voids behind them. • Tell tales have been fixed in die vaults and work on the pilaster in progress • Gardens returfed

1957-1958 • Work on dislodged plaster completed. Stones of pilaster together Indian Archaeology with the side panels were dismantled from top to bottom to a height 1957-58-A Review of 90 feet and reset in position with copper cramps and voids beneath the veneer were thoroughly grouted. Broken marble inlaid stone was replaced during the course of the repairs with a new one. Fractured and broken stones were also repaired and missing inlay pieces and bars restored • Drain running along the foot of the wall on the riverside was opened Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 90

to ascertain the cause of the cracks and the percolation of water in the underground vaults on the river front. Nor cracks were noticed in the stone bed of the drain but chequered stone pavement alongside had longitudinal cracks through which water percolated. 'Iliese cracks were grouted with cement and hydraulic lime. Trial pits dug along the outer wall on riverside to find out the foundation strata exposed a scries of wells used as foundation • Number of loose pieces of inlay in the main mausoleum were reset and missing ones restored • Similar work on subsidiary buildings and the Mehman Khana • Open joints in the facade of the monument grouted • Levels of the Taj and verticality of the minars were again checked by the Survey of India. Permanent bench mark constructed in the gardens • Garden facing the mausoleum improved by removal of central beds in the front lawns and of dead plants and pruning of trees to expose natural vistas and the focal points of the monuments were rcturfed.

1958-1959 • To find foundation strata on the riverside a trial pit about 50 ft long Indian Archaeology dug and two wells exposed. Structure is raised on well foundations 1958-59 - A Review with a filling of rubble masonry. The centre to Centre distance between the two wejls is 1 Vz feet • On open courtyard of the mosque and adjourning north west bastion a wide joint in stone pavement running west to east through junctions of stones and cracks noticed underneath. These were grouted with cement and hydraulic lime to a total length of 110 feet • Recommendation of the Advisory Committee of 1943 were followed in regard to the north east minars — resetting of dislodged stones of the domes and its pointing, chiselling of the fractured surface of marble and insertion of bidis at those places, resetting of loose and restoring of missing inky pieces and bars, resetting of dislodged stones of marble railing and replacing broken pieces, together with ornamental bracket by new ones, provision of doors and replacing decayed and exfoliated red stones of exterior, filling of joints, vertical and horizontal faced with inky bars • At main gate several broken chajja stones of the four corner chattris were replaced • Broken concrete floors relaid

1959-1960 • Patches of stone paving in the court in front of the mosque were Indian Archaeology reset as they hawd sagged Review- 1959-560 " Second coat of weak cement plaster applied in 1954 on the intrados of the second dome to remove salt from the core was scraped out and a new coat applied of weal cement mortar. It was applied again for the third time for the further removal of salts • Dislodged stones in the pavement and stone jalis of the south west corner chhatris were reset • Joints in the facades of the mosque and the wall to the east of the main gate were pointed • Brickwork of the Khan-I-Alam was underpinned • Collapsed portion of the wall to the south of Fatehpuri gate was rebuilt Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 91

1960-1961 • To counteract the scouring of the foundation by the river during Indian Archaeology floods, rubble pitching encased with galvanised iron wire netting Review - 1960-61 to a length of about 70 mts was done along the plinth of the north wall near the north west tower • Extensive repairs were undertaken to the dalans flanking the Fatchpun gate on the north east side - provision of new chajja stones and base stones of pillars, replacing of damaged and missing brackets, reconditioning of the floor in the rooms with fresh concrete " Dislodged stones in the pavement were reset • Closed arches inside the mausoleum fitted with glass panes • Loose inlay pieces in the north waD were reset • Water outlets in marble fixed in place of missing ones • Lawns deweeded and beds of annuals rearranged to improve colour scheme

1961-1962 • Northwest comer tower taken up for repairs in accordance with Indian Archaeology recommendations of the Taj Advisory Committee — iron dowels Review-1961-61 used in construction had rusted and damaged the marble slabs of the veneer. Cracked and decayed slabs replaced by new ones • Restoration of broken chajjas and railing in all three storeys undertaken • Exfoliated red sandstone blocks in the interior replaced by similar ones in AKvar marble and loose ones reset after grouting crevices • Worn out plaster of soffit of crowning chhatri attended to and exposed joints pointed • Replacement of missing and broken slabs of the Chameli Fash by new ones • Damaged panels of plinth of the main entrance gate replaced by new carved panels • Plaster on border of frontal apses of gate renewed • Thorough cleaning of marble and red sandstone used in various architectural members within die complex including the screen around the cenotaph • Two lawns in the forecourt and four in the inner garden returfed. • Sandstone edging provided around flower beds • Steps taken to utilise water of fountains for irrigation by opening up old silted up channels • Northern and southern terraced gardens of Saheli Burj grassed

1962-1963 • 1 ,oose black marble horizontal bands in the north west minar of the Indian Archaeology Taj reset Review - 1962-63 • Sunken pavement in front of the Mehmankhana raised to original level • Foundations of northeast corner dalan, a portion of which had settled, were strengthened with the introduction of cement concrete " New chajja stones and a parapet wall were provided at places on the dalans flanking the Fatehabad gate • Arches and walls of the dalans were underpinned • Wild growth in the lawns were removed and the area returfed with dub grass Taj Mahal - An Annotated Bibliography 92

1963-1964 • I xx>se black marble bars in veneering of northwest minar reset with Indian Archaeology special lime mortar and missing ones recced Review-1963-64 • Sunken pavement to the south of the Mehmankhana towards the riverside, was raised by laying lime concrete underneath • Western part of the compound wall of the Khan-1-Alam garden and southern wing of the Sirhi Darwaza reconstructed • Underpinning of the brickwork and laying of fresh concrete over decayed portions • Renewal of roof plaster over the principal entrance " Saroo plants in the rear proximity flanking the principal canal were replaced with new plants

1964-1965 • Sunken portion of the terrace between the main tomb and the Indian Archeology Mehmankhana was raised by replacement of decayed stone with new Review-1964-65 ones and by resetting good pieces in the proper slope • Corner burjis of the compound wall were provided with doors • Part of causeway on the east of the central channel was repaired by resetting dislodged stones • Loose pieces of inlay panels in the Mehman Khana were secured • Portions of exposed wall surface of the courtyard outside the main gate was replastered • Concrete of roof over the main gate was renewed " Saroo plants and ornamental trees on either side of the main canal were replaced

1965-1966 • Sunken portion of red sandstone pavement in front of the Indian Archaeology Mehmankhana and causeway raised to the original level by providing Review -1965-66 a concrete bedding • Cement concrete drain provided around the forecourt of the Taj Mahal and 5 cms thick sandstone edging provided by side of dram • Approach road also provided with edging • Western gate provided wim new wooden doors in a. Mughal design while existing doors of the Eastern gate was repaired and refixed " Some cells opening into the courtyard were provided with Mughal patterned doors • Damaged portions of die wall of die Khan-I-Alam towards die riverside was underpinned and open joints of brickwork pointed with mortar • Four plots of lawn were regrassed with Calcutta dub grass. Existing rosarium was reconditioned • Ornamental fencing installed along die lawns of the forecourt

1966-1967 • Sunken portion of red sandstone pavement in front of the Indian Archeology Mehmankhana and causeway raised to the original level by providing Review- 1966-67 a concrete bedding • Construction of cement concrete drain around the forecourt completed • Open joints in the brickwork of the Khan-1-Alam were filled

1967-1968 • Sunken portion of pavement in front of the Mehmankhana was Indian Archeology raised to the original level and decayed stone slabs replaced with new Review- 1967-68 ones • Cells of dalans attached to the Sahch liurj were fitted with Mughal Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 93

pattern doors Damaged floors of the cells made good by hying a layer of fresh lime concrete after scraping decayed ones Lawns in front of the glass house was returfcd

1968-1969 Northern brick wall of the Gaushala enclosure was underpinned with Indian Archeology lakhauri bricks in several places and joints pointed Review - 1968 1969 Patches of soot from the entrance arches of the main gate removed and the affected surface repaired on the original lines Brickwork patches removed from the withered stone pillar bases of the northern verandah and these were strengthened with reinforced concrete. Moulding restored in the plaster following the original pattern. Original floor level of the verandah exposed and relaid with fresh lime concrete Four old lawns of the Taj garden were dug out and returfed with dub grass

1969-1970 Entire forecourt in the front of the main approach to the Taj was Indian Archeology concreted to keep the area clean and free from dust Review - 1969-70 Fallen patches of plaster on the soffit of the arch in the entrance gate was repaired

1970-1971 Dalans of the forecourt on die western side were underpinned Indian Archeology Decayed plaster on the walls and ceiling were renewed and concrete Review- 1970-71 of first floor roof of mausoleum replaced Decayed plaster of ceiling of main gate removed and redone reproducing ornamental geometrical designs Bulged waD to the east of main gate repaired Forecourt lawns returfed

1971-1972 • Pointing of wide open joints in the stone pathways leading from the Indian Archeology main gate to the mausoleum Review-1971-72 • Replacement of decayed lime concrete on the first floor of the main mausoleum undertaken • Pointing of wide open joints in the marble terrace of the mausoleum completed " 2 plots of the garden returfed with dab grass

1974-1975 Marble walls of water tank between gate and main platform cleared of Indian Archeology vegetation growth and pyriric stains as far as possible Review - 1974-75

1974 Varadarajan Committee established to advise project authorities of the Mathura Refinery on measures to be taken by them to keep pollution effect to the absolute minimum

1975-1976 • Bulged vencenng stones of western side of the gateway of forecourt Indian Archeology dismantled and reset in position after changing damaged ones Review- 1975-76 " Open joints in masonry pointed • Open joints in marble stones of main dome pointed • Missing inlay pieces of semi precious stones replaced in panels on outer facade of main mausoleum • Decayed moulded plaster on die ceiling, arches and walls of underground cells removed and replastv.Tcd matching the original Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 94

• Fresh lime concrete flooring provided to rooms, galleries etc. " Decayed and broken flooring stones of geometrical pattern taken out and reset with new ones matching original • Sunken flooring and dasa stones near the western Naubat Khana removed and reset and open joints pointed • Lawns returfed " Fountain recommissioned by boring a tube well • TECNECO experts examine various monuments in Agra and present report on the state of conservation. Concluded that the condition of the marble was good although the sandstone had deteriorated due to natural causes. Dealt essentially with the impact of pollution n the stones and did not examine other types of deterioration

1976-1977 • Work of reconditioning of flooring of causeway and portions in Indian Archeology northern southern and western sides by replacing decayed stones, Review - 1976-77 resetting of sunken stones, pointing etc. • Replacing of missing inlay pieces in the outer facade of the main mausoleum on northern, southern and north western sides • Damaged flooring of underground cells and passage reconditioned and decayed plaster on walls and ceiling removed and replastered after grouting and filling up wide and deep cracks • Western side of Naubat Khana renovated by reconditioning the flooring, providing Mughal pattern doors, pointing etc. to house a new museum • Flooring of eastern verandah and courtyard of tomb of Sirhindi Begum reconditioned and decayed veneering stones of the dome replaced • Black marble of the gaz of Janamaz of Fatehpuri mosque were repkced where necessary • Damaged and broken chajja stones of the gaushala towards the north eastern and north western sides were repkced and parapet walls repaired and plastered • Ceiling of arch of the Khan-I-Alam gate over which the water tank for the fountain is situated was pointed and plastered. • Work of laying flooring of the western dalan of the southern main entrance gate in progress • Marble slabs over the entrance to the mausoleum were found to be covered with dust, dirt, cobwebs, smoke and beehive deposits; hydrolysis and oxidation of hooks and nails in the masonry had causcu red and brown stains to appear. Surface of the marble was cleaned with the help of detergents like tcepol B-300. Smoke and beehive deposits were removed with the help of alcohol, benzene, formalin and other solvents. Stains of iron oxide were reduced with the help of dioxan and other solvents. Cleaned surface of the arch and walls were polished with a wax formulation and burnished with satin pads to give the marble its old lustre

1977-1978 • Decayed and dislodged stones of the causeways inside the Taj were Indian Archeology replaced by fresh ones or reset Review-1977-78 • Inlay pieces missing from the outer facade of the mausoleum were replaced • Plaster moulding and cutwork were restored in the underground Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 95

cells • Missing chajja stonrs of the gaushala were replaced by new ones matching the original and the flooring of the dalan on the western side was set right • Decayed stones forming geometrical patterns around the cypress trees on either side of the channels were replaced and sunken stones raised in position by providing lakhauri bricks underneath " Open joints in central tank pointed with special lime mortar " Plots infested with weeds returfed shrubbery improved by replacement of old plants • Work of cleaning 3 side walls of the platform of Taj carried out for removal of dust, dirt and yellowish stains with 1% ammonical solution teepol and detergents. Treated surface polished with colourless wax polish and burnished with soft cotton cloth.

1978-1979 • Worn out marble stones of northwest upper arch and walls of Indian Archeology cenotaphs removed and reset with a new ones Review - 1978-79 • Decayed and missing gola stones on outer facade of eastern side of enclosure wall replaced with new ones • Decayed and missing gola stones on outer facade of eastern side of enclosure wall replaced with new ones " Decayed lime plaster from walls and ceilings of underground cells towards the riverside redone • Carved lower border and jalis cleaned by organic solvents for removal of dust and dirt and polished with mansion polish • New submersible pumps set installed in tube well to ensure adequate water supply

1979-1980 • Decayed and missing veneer stones both plain and moulded and dasa Indian Archeology stones of outer facade to eastern enclosures wall replaced Review - 1970-80 • Besides attending to damaged portion near the north western bastion, cracks in the underground cefls towards river were grouted and wall surface replastered • Obliterated and damaged geometrical and floral designs of the Mehman Khana were reproduced in patches matching the original while damaged wire netting in the centre was replaced • Broken and missing red sandstone railings around the well to the northwestern side of the central tank and towards the Mehman khana was restored • Work of cleaning the marble trelHs and lower border inside the cenotaph was carried out for the removal of dust, dirt and grime. • Fresh water connection provided in the garden

1980-81 • New lawns of the Taj were put under perfo-system of irrigation which has worked effectively. • 1 "he infected plots were returfed and shrubberies removed.

1981-82 • The decayed and damaged stones of the inner spiral steps of the Indian Archeology south western minar and the veneering stones of the Taj Mahal have Review - 1981-82 been replaced • Fresh inlay pieces on the neck of the main dome and wall on the river side have been provided and water tightened " The damaged lakhauri brick wall of Khan-i-Alam nursery has been Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 96

restored and pointed. • The pillars and channel of the old water system have been underpinned by lakhauri bricks • The decayed plaster of the domed ceiling has been replaced by fresh one. • The decayed stones of the dasa and chhajja and the decayed plaster of the south western Saheli Burj have been replaced by new ones

1982-83 Area of the main western arch, below the Arabic inscriptions: Indian Archeology • The smoky patches, dust and dirt were removed with the help of Review - 1982-83 ammonia and emulsified solutions • The yellow stains were removed with the help of a dilute solution of hydrogen peroxide and alcohol. • The beehive wax and other surface deposits were removed with the help of different organic solvent mixtures. • The worn out and weathered red sandstone of convex molding on the inner face of walls, molded soffits of south west minaret and the spiral steps from the bottom to the level of the first storey, were replaced by new ones. • The door frames of iron jails, fitted in door openings, were replaced with door shutters of the Mughal pattern. Similar shutters were also provided in all openings of the bastion at a south west angle of the Taj enclosure • The roof of the Saheliori-ka-Gumbad, at south-west angle of the forecourt was water tightened and the missing chajja stones were restored and broken ones replaced with new ones. • The underpinning and pointing work on the enclosure of Khan-i- Alam on the river side and the south side was also carried out • In the arched opening at the first floor of eastern Naubat Khana an iron grill shutter was provided. • Open joints of Chameli floor around the plinth of marble terrace were pointed.

1983-84 The small arch of the Taj north-west Indian Archeology • The hard brownish accretions were removed with a paste prepared Review - 1983-84 by mixing 100 gms. Magnesium trisilicate, 2 ml concentrated ammonia, 1ml teepol, 1 ml Hydrogen peroxide and 2 drops of triethanolamine, applied to the portions overnight and washed with cotton swabs using distilled water. The northern peripheral wall: • Black patches of algal growth, deposit of dust, dirt, oil, soot and other greasy accretions were removed from the marble railings, marble slabs and marble screen by soft brushing with ammoniac water, non-ionic detergents, hydrogen peroxide and triethanol amine and finally washing the surfaces thoroughly with distilled water. The south and west peripheral walls of the Taj and stairs leading to the upper platform of the Taj: • Brownish deposits of greasy matter together with dust and dirt were removed by using organic solvents like toluene, acetone, triethanolamine, etc. • Hard blackish deposits of dried algae were removed with the help of non-ionic detergents, ammonical water and hydrogen peroxide Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 97

• The dome of the north western kiosk of the tomb building was water tightened by pointing joints of marble stones. • Old wooden doors fixed in the arch of the south facade of the tomb building were replaced with new ones prepared in the Mughal pattern. " The kiosk at the south-western corner of the Taj enclosure was repaired by pointing joints of red sandstones. • Miniature domes of cupolas of the marble gallery above the parapet of the main entrance were water tightened by pointing joints. • 'Hie partly collapsed roof and the western wall of the room situated to the east of the south-western corner of Glass house Nursery were restored matching with the originals

South-western minaret: • Red sandstone of cyma moulding on the inner surface of walls and those of molded soffits and steps of the spiral stairs from the second to die third storey that were badly decayed and worn out were replaced bv new ones. • Joints of red sandstone veneering inside the minaret from the bottom to the third storey have been pointed.

1984-85 Sandstone wait Indian Archeology • The dried algal growth was removed after softening with dilute Review - 1984-85 ammonical solution and scrubbing with soft nylon brushes. • Dust and dirt were removed by using non-ionic surface detergent, hydrogen peroxide and triethanolamine. The stone surface was then thoroughly rinsed with distilled water. • Marble surface on the exterior southern lower smaller arch • Dirt, dust, grease, soot and oily accretions were cleaned by absorbent clay pack method. A water base pack of magnesium trisilicate added with little ammonia, teepol and hydrogen peroxide was applied on the surface overnight The packs were then removed by using cotton swabs with distilled water.

Arches inside the cenotaph: • Dust and dirt, stains, greasy matter and other surface accretions of oil and soot which covered the marble wotk were also cleaned by using the same treatment used for the exterior marble surface. • Accretions of oil and soot were removed with organic solvents like

ethvlene dirhloridcf» ,j benxcne and triethanolamine.

• I~he walls, ceilings and rcxmi that embody the marble terrace were repaired and re-plastered with lime mortar in patches and the cracks were grouted with lime cement. • The cracked marble plaster having mouldings and inlay work on the southern facade of the mausoleum was replaced with new ones. • The worn out lime plaster from the walls and ceiling of the room on the south-east of the mausoleum was removed and re-plastered. • The top of the rooms at the eastern side of the Glass Nursery in the south-western corner of Taj Mahal were water tightened with fresh lime concrete. • Dalans of the north western quadrangle of the forecourt were Taj Mahal - An Annotated Bibliography 98

repaired by replacing the walls and ceilings. The broken and missing chhajja stones were replaced. • The repair work in the south-western minaret of Taj Mahal was further carried out by providing missing inlay bars on its outer surface.

1985-86 The lower arches and marble jali in the main cenotaph: Indian Archeology • Soot, grease, dust and dirt were removed by applying a pack of Review - 1985-86 magnesium trisilicate and aluminum silicate containing a little teepol, ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. This was followed by tin- use of organic solvents like ethylene dichloride, benzene and triethanolamine. The treated surface was finally cleaned with cotton swabs soaked in distilled water. • In the first tier of the south western minaret, broken and worn out marble stones of veneer, railing and profusely decayed molded brackets were replaced with new ones. • Door shutters of Mughal pattern were provided to door apertures of the north-western, eastern, south-eastern minarets and to door openings of die north-western burji at the first floor of die mosque to die western side of the main mausoleum. • \t lime concrete on the berm around die neck of die main dome was laid out. , • In order to render the roof of the main mausoleum watertight, decayed lime concrete on floors of angle kiosks flanking the main dome was replaced by fresh lime concrete. • Expansion joints of concrete slabs on the roof of the main mausoleum were filled with Tarplastic. • Damaged lime plaster on walls of corridors of the eastern wing of Sheesh Mahal were stripped off and re-plastering was carried out with special lime in accordance with the original • Two cracked stones of the marble veneer on the north-eastern wall of the antechamber of the main mausoleum were repkced with new ones. • 'Hie cracked portion of the panel of marble veneer on the western v. all of the large semi-domical alcove at the southern facade of the main mausoleum was stripped off. It has floral designs carved in bas relief. A marble bidi carved with the original was inserted. • Joints of marble stones on domes of kiosk of Mehman Khana mosque and of eastern Naubat Khana was recessed and pointed for rendering them watertight. • \n out flagstones on the floor at the south-western side of the southern facade of the main entrance gate were replaced with new or-es. Two additional steps of red sandstone, each flanking the original red sandstone steps on either side, were provided to make the movement of visitors easier. • Repairs to dalatis of the north-western quadrangle at forecourt was further earned out by way of rc-plastcring walls and ceilings and rendering colour wash over the plastered surface. • Broken and missing chhajja stones were restored by new ones and fresh lime concrete was laid out on roof-terraces. • Five rooms of the eastern wing of the forecourt were also kept up for rqiair. • Hoors were re-paved with red sandstone, walls replastcred and Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 99

entrances provided with doors of Mughal pattern. " Two rooms at the eastern gate and two rooms at the western gate of the forecourt were re-plastered and floors were re-paved with new flagstones.

1986-87 The marble surface of upper arches inside the main cenotaph: Indian Archeology " Superficial accretions of dust, dirt, soot and other atmospheric Review- 1986-87 pollutants causing yellowish ness was chemically cleaned with a mixture of different chemicals and mud pack of magnesium trisilicate and aluminum silicate. • Weathers and worn out lime plaster on walls of corridors of Sheesh Mahal was removed and re-plastered as per originaL " The marble panel with black inlaid Arabic letter on each lateral wall in the cenotaph chamber has been replaced and the yellow and black marble bars of border were also replaced. • In the first tier of the south-western minaret decayed and damaged marble blocks of brackets, cbhajja railing, veneering and those of gardens as well as worn out inlaid bars were replaced with new ones. • The resetting of dislodged marble, stone chhajjas and railings of the second and third storeys were also attended. • Decayed mould plaster of the Chhatri has been stripped off and disturbed veneer stones on the outer face of both the storeys were reset and water tightened as per original. • Weathered and decayed sandstone jails and railings of the plinth of the main mausoleum at the river side and flagstones of the floor in front of the main entrance gateway were replaced with new ones. • Open joints of the pathways from the main entrance gateway to the main mausoleum were pointed.

South western chhatri of the Fatehpuri Mosque: • Dislodged stones of veneering were reset • Missing stones were restored. • Decayed stone of chhajjas and of the main facade were replaced with new ones. • Cracks on the roof terrace were filled up with tarplasric compound and lime mortar.

1987-19,88 The marble surface of the lower and upper arches on die exterior Indian Archeology wall of the main cenotaph: Review-1987-88 • Dust, dirt, grease, soot and odier oily accretions imparting yellowness to the marble were removed using the clay pack technique. • Worn out decayed stones of dasa veneering and those of stc-ps of Stdi gate were replaced. • Damaged stones of the chhajja and flagstones of the floor in the north-western quadrangle of the forecourt were replaced. • Moulded plaster was done in the ceilings of dalans in accordance with the original designs. • Rooms in the northern wing of the eastern gate were provided with a floor, paved with stones and Mughal pattern dcx>rs. • The red sandstone bidi facing north in the eastern side of main gate was replaced and missing inlay bars restored. Taj Mahal - An Annotated Bibliography 100

• Weathered and missing veneering, dab and qued stones of western enclosure- wall were replaced with new ones matching the original and joints of the facade stones and those of the kangttras were pointed. • Repairs to the Fatchpuri mosque were also taken up by resetting the dislodged veneering stones, restoring the main facade with new one as per the original. • Missing inlay pieces ofjamvas of prayer hall were also restored and the joints of concrete roof filled. • Worn out and missing carved railings and muttakas of south-eastern Saheli Burj were restored. • Damaged stones of dasa brackets, chhajjas, pillars of Saheli Burj near Kali mosque were replaced and the missing stones restored. • Dislodged white marble stones of extrados of the main dome were reset and roof concreted and the joints of the main facade were grouted.

1988-89 The exterior surface of the main mausoleum: Indian Archeology • Dust, dirt, tarry matter and other paniculate deposits resulting in the Review — 1988-89 appearance of stains of brownish yellow tint was cleaned using aqueous mixture of ammonia, teepol, hydrogen peroxide, triethanolamine, etc.' • Surface deposits of sticky paniculate matters were removed with a pack of magnesium trisiKcate and ammonium silicate followed by thorough washing with distilled water. • The exfoliated dasa stones, inlaid panels of the outer facade of the main gate and south-Owest comer Burj were suitably reset • Decayed and dead concrete roof of dalans at the north-south of eastern gate was removed and relaid as per original. The walls were re-plastered wherever necessary. • Exfoliated dab, qued and facade stones of the western enclosure wall were replaced and reset at pkces. The open joints were painted and water tightened. • Missing inky pieces of the floor of prayer hall of uFatehpuri Mosque were restored with new ones on original pattern. • Worn out and missing carved railings muttakas of south eastern Saheli Burj were restored and repairs to the south-western Saheli Burj taken up. • Missing and broken railing and muttakas around the tombs and the central tank were replaced with new ones. • The work of resetting the weathered, sunken and dislodged asterisk stones and diamond shaped marble stones of the South-eastern portion of Chameli floor and putting a floating coat of special lime mortar over the decayed lime floor of the central, south-eastern and southern side rooms at the first floor of main mausoleum was continued. • Replacement of decayed, sunken and missing stones of the eastern pavement of Taj with new ones and grouting of open joint of small chhattris attached to the main dome of mausoleum in progress. • The decayed and dead concrete roof terrace of the dalans of the eastern gate was removed and re-concreted. The walls were repaired and underpinned. • Decayed and exfoliated ornamental stone panels in the north- Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 101

western comer of the main gate were replaced with new stones as per origin?! design. • Missing inlay pieces in black and white marble at the main gate were also restored. " The broken and missing red sandstone of the floor of the Chameli Mahal were restored, maintaining the original pattern. " The open joints of northern, western and eastern arches of the outer facade were pointed with special mortar matching the original. • Missing and broken spouts of marble terrace were restored. • Worn out and missing carved marble railing and muttakas and inlay bars and pieces of the southern railing were also replaced with new ones. " Decayed and missing designs on the stones of the pavement running with the eastern enclosure wall was reproduced at several places on original pattern and sunken stones were reset. • Missing and dislodged stones of the western enclosure wall were restored and reset " Fallen guldastas of the gate were restored in the original fashion.

1990-91 Marble surface of eastern big arch of Taj Mahal: Indian Archeology • Yellowish brown accretions due to accumulation of smoke and soot Review — 1990-91 was treated chemically using liquor ammonia, teepol, hydrogen peroxide, methanol and triethanomamine in suitable proportions to remove these accretions. • A paste of magnesium trisilicate and aluminum silicate in 1:3 ratio was applied as a day pack for the removal of sticky matter and surface was finally washed with distilled water. • To protect the monument from the direct strike of water flow of the river Yamuna and a nallah, bould pitching with wire meshing was done to a distance of four metres along the monument. Western Gate: • Decayed plaster on parapet walls over dalans flanking the western gate and on walls of rooms was removed and re-plastered in Kme cement and sand mortar. • Decayed and exfoliated veneer stones towards south were replaced by new ones and bulged veneer stones and chajja were pointed. Outer facade: • The eastern and western side marble stone arches were water tightened by pointing the open joints with special lime mortar. «. Naubat Khana: • The flooring with irregular hexagonal and square shaped stones was restored by replacing the decayed and broken stones, resetting the sunken ones and providing new stones at missing places. • The sunken and decayed dasa stones were reset and replaced by new ones. " The brokcny/af railing was restored. • The decayed, broken pieces and missing railings and muttakas of red sandstones were replaced with new ones.

Saheli Burj " Modem brick-paved courtyard in front of north-western side, was removed and suitable garden was laid out. Taj Mahal—An Annotated Bibliography 103

(facing forecourt) were closed with mild steel grill provided with glass window panels with a view to having a cloak room as a facility for the visitors. • The marble stone in panels damaged due to iron dowels was replaced in the main gate facing south.

Glass House Nursery: • The decayed plaster of the walls pf rooms and veranda on northern facade was removed and cleaned and the wall surface re-plastered. • The missing lime concrete floors of rooms was relaid. • A barbed wire fencing to the north of the whole monument along the river side was provided for the safety of the monuments since the • earlier fencing had submerged in flood deposits.

1992-93 Main mausoleum: Indian Archeology • Open joints of marble veneering on the eastern side were filled with Review — 1992-93 special Hme mortar to prevent water seepage. • Some of the decayed inlaid panels of outer facade were reset and restored as per original. • The inlay work of the marble railing of the terrace was restored by providing inlay bars .of black marble. • The restoration work of decayed red sandstone jail railing towards the south of the main building was taken up.

Mehmankhana: " The red sandstone veneer joints were pointed. " A portion of the damaged border with carved floral patterns on the facade of central arch was restored as per original • In the same facade inlay work of guldasta was restored by providing inky, bars of black and white marble. • The bulged and dislodged heavy veneer stones on the exterior of die southern side were taken out and reset

Main entrance gate: • The red sandstone carved panels having floral patterns at plinth level on the eastern side were restored with new ones as per original pattern. • Inlay work was restored by providing the black and white marble bars at the panels flanking the niches of western and southern. • A decayed pilaster of red sandstone was replaced widi a new one. » • A M.S. gate was provided.

Eastern dalan: • Decayed red sandstone veneer was replaced including quaid and dab. • The open joints of veneering upto taqari level were pointed.

North western Saheli Bur}: • The missing red sandstone ornamental jail railing with mutakkas was restored. • Northern and western boundaries were enclosed by providing a M.S gnll railing. Taj Mahal - An Annotated Bibliography 104

Khaii-i-Alam Bagfa • The overhead tank for water supply to the fountain system of Taj was repaired by underpinning, pointing and water proofing. • A damaged portion of the western side compound wall and steps leading to an opening called Khan-i-Alam Khirki were repaired.

Gaushala: • Underpinned with lakhauri bricks and plastering of the walls and ceilings of the rooms were carried out.

1993-94 The copper lightening conductors were provided to the main mausoleum . Indian Archeology and to the minars of the north eastern and north western corners Review - 1993-94

Mosque: • Patch plastering, pointing and restoration of inky work was carried out. • Red sandstone veneering in the interior of mosque, adversely affected due to rusting of iron dowels and resulting in the veneer stone building was taken out and again placed in proper position. The decayed ones were also replaced by new stones.

V Main mausoleum • The restoration work of decayed red sandstone jail railing towards the south of the building was carried out.

Main gate • The ted sandstone veneer panels with embossed floral and geometrical patterns, decayed by weathering at plinth level were replaced. • The restoration of decayed red sandstone flooring was taken up and work is in progress.

South eastern corner bur): • The inlay work was restored.

Glass House nursery: • The works of underpinning, plastering and concrete flooring were taken up and completed in the western side rooms. • The southern side rooms were also repaired by underpinning and pointing of lakhauri brick walls.

Gaushala:

• The walls and ceilings of the southern side rms of the eastern courtyard were repaired by underpinning. • A chajja stone collapsed from the roof of the room located on the right side of the entrance gate. The chajja and the supporting bracket stones were finished as per original.

Khan-i-Alam bagh • The gate was repaired by underpinning and pointing. • The collapsed compound wall near the western dr was Taj Mahal - An Annotated Bibliography 105

restored.

1994-95 Main gate: Indian Archeology • The badly decayed inlay panels of the facade having geometrical Review — 1994-95 designs, grooves have been conserved by replacing the decayed ones and providing fresh inlay pieces of white and black marble stones. • I xxisc inlay pieces have also been properly fixed with special lime mortar. • The flooring stones, forming a pattern in a combination of red sandstone and buff sandstone, of the central hall of the gateway ttiat were decayed and sunken have been replaced by new ones , matching the original pattern.

Gaushala monument: • The broken and missing sloping thajjas of red sandstone were replaced with new stones. " The walls were repaired by underpinning with lakhauri brickwork. • Open joints have been water tightened with recessed pointing.

Glass house nursery: • The walls having decayed plaster were repaired by de-plastering at first instance and re-plastering as per original pattern i.e. by retaining the moulding works. • The cavities were repaired by underpinning with brick-work. • The decayed flooring of the western side was re-laid with fresh concrete.

Mosque: « The decayed and broken red sandstone veneering, moulded galta, niches and inlaid panels were repaired by providing fresh stones for veneering and architectural members and inky pieces of white and black marble stone. • Badly decayed and peeled off special lime plaster of the intrados having cut flower designs was replaced by replacing with similar mortar and matching it to the original pattern. • The open joints of the outer facade and of the chhatris have been repaired with recessed pointing. • Decayed sunken and broken pieces of flooring in the souttiern side of the mosque were replaced by new ones maintaining the original pattern.

Main mausoleum of Taj Mahal: • The jail railing on die southern side widi nch geometrical mouldings and muttaka (small stone pillars) in between the two jail railings with circular mouldings and flowered designs on the top wherever damaged, broken or badly decayed lias been replaced with new red sandstone jail and muttaka of similar design and size. • At the railing of marble terrace the four broken marble spouts were replaced by new white marble spouts following the original shape. Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 106

• The badly decayed, fractured and broken marble muttakas with circular mouldings and flowered designs at the top were rqilaccd with new ones fashioned as per die original ucsign. " The two badly decayed railing stones of white marble having grooves for inlay-work on both sides were replaced with new ones, complete with inlay work as per the original. " The inlay work of black marble was provided to the other railing stones at the places where the same was missing. • The open joints of marble veneenng of the outer facade of the main mausoleum, chajja stones and railing stones of the south- eastern minar were repaired by recessed pointing work with special lime mortar. • The inlay work of black and yellow marble stones was restored at the places it was missing int eh south eastern minar. • ' An aluminium grill railing in wooden frame was provided along the marble jali screen at the upper graves to prevent visitors from touching the surface. South western corner Burj • The partly collapsed and partly bulged wall of lakhauri brick work was reconstructed after dismantling the bulged portion. • Bulged and broken stones and the sloping chajja near the western gate were repaired by resetting the bulged ones and replacing the broken ones. • The decayed and dead roof concreting of the rooms near the western gate was removed and fresh lime concrete was relaid. • The walls were repaired by underpinning and pointing work. 1995-96 Main entrance gate: Indian Archeology • The badly decayed inlay panels of red sandstone veneering have Review — 1995-96 been replaced. • Embossed floral panels and floral design dasa at die eastern facade was restored. • On the southern side, the pandar dasa was restored as per original. • The inlay marble pieces of black and white marble were provided at the places where they were missing in the eastern and northern side.

Main mausoleum: • The outer facade was tightened by pointing with special lime mortar. " 'ITie inlay bars of black and yellow marble were provided at the places where the same were found missing. • The decayed and damaged stones of galta and veneering in the inner facade towards south west corner of cenotaph chamber were replaced by providing the fresh ones as per original. • Missing inlay bars of black marble have been provided in the south eastern comer minar and marble railing of the platform towards the west and the north. • The projected balcony of south eastern minar was repaired by resetting of the loose stones and by pointing. • Decayed red sandstone jali and miittaka south of the main mausoleum were replaced. Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 107

Mosque complex: • The decayed and peeled off plaster having painted design (cut plaster work) in the tntenor wall faces was removed and the fresh plaster with painted designs was done as per original pattern. • The inlay work on the outer facade was also attended by providing inlay bars at missing places. • The decayed, sunken red sandstone floor with geometrical pattern on the southern side of the mosque was repaired by providing the fresh stones at places the same were required as per original in an area of 275 sq. m.

Mehman Khana complex: • 'l*he decyed and peeled off plaster with paintin work on the interior and arches were replaced by providing special lime plaster. • The broken red sandstone chajja of the south-west corner chhatri was replaced. • Pointing was done at the dome of the chattri and on the outer facade towards the south of the Mehman Khana.

Enclosure wall and south-western Burji: • 'Hie bulged portion of the lakhauri brick wall was reconstructed as per original. • Decayed stones of veneering and chajja near western gate were replaced with new ones. • The outer facade of the wall was pointed.

South-Western Saheli Burj: • The loose and sunken stones were reset and the missing stones at the floor of the tomb, channels and facade provided. • The entire wall surface has been water tightened by pointing. • The door of the eastern side enclosure wall was repaired and provided with MS sheet

1996-97 • The decayed red sandstone panels of the fac;ade and missing Indian Archeology inky pieces of the main entrance gate were attended to by Review — 1996-97 replacing them with new stone panels and reproducing the same embossed flowered design and new inlay pieces. " A broken stone chajja on the front portion of the mam entrance gate was rq?laced with a new chajja. • The missing inlaid bars of railing and marble screen of the main mausoleum were replaced with new ones. „ • A wooden wailing with aluminium grill was placed around the marble screen of cenotaph chamber to prevent visitors from touching the screen. • The decayed water channels of the Khan-i-Alam Bagh were underpinned, pointed and the decayed plaster replaced. • A MS grill railing over a dwarf wall has been provided along the road leading to the bagh.

South-West Saheli Burj: • Decyacd and sunken pathway stones were replaced and reset. " Pointing carried out at the open joints of the lakliaun bnck wall and stone flooring. Taj Mahal — An Annotated Bibliography 108

• Decayed plaster and concrete of roof relaid. • 'l"he broken stone chajja, missing pinnaces of the turrets have been replaced.

Gaushala: • Walls of the northern cells were provided with fresh plastenng. " 1 HOOTS provided with fresh lime concrete. • Bulged and collapsed lakhaun brick wall was reconstructed and underpinned. • The bulged, broken and missing red sandstone chajja on die southern side was replaced with a new chajja.