Halfen Hit – Insulated Balcony Connection Hit 13-Us

HALFEN HIT – INSULATED BALCONY CONNECTION HIT 13-US

CONCRETE Apartment building with HIT, Canada Turn up the Heat on Insulation Improved quality of life with the HIT balcony connection from HALFEN – efficient solutions for your balcony designs.

alconies offer additional living space Versatile B and increase the quality of life – as An extensive range of sizes and long as they do not compromise the configurations enable a HALFEN HIT insulation of the building interior. The solution for virtually all concrete balcony insulation problems of concrete balconies connections, whether fully cantilevered, are solved with the HIT balcony connection partially projecting or fully inset. We can from HALFEN. also offer you an insulated connection solution for many other types of projecting Eco-friendly concrete features including, walkways, HALFEN HIT connections are designed to corbels, parapets, and canopies. help maintain comfortable interior temperatures while reducing energy use. Many advantages with one result: Halfen provides safety, reliability and Efficient efficiency for you and your customers. Integral polystyrene insulation and the selective use of stainless steel components Safe almost eliminates thermal transfer All load-bearing components in the between the balcony and the floor insulating joint are made from of high- slab. This reduces heat loss through the quality corrosion-resistant stainless steel. structure and reduces the possibility of All HALFEN HIT balcony connections are interior condensation and mold growth. available with reliable fire protection.

71°F 5°F

HALFEN USA Inc. · PO Box 547 Converse · TX 78109 Phone: 800.423.9140 · www.halfenusa.com · [email protected]

Introduction 4 Advantages 5 Features and Benefits 6 -7 Further design considerations 8 Type overview 9 Introduction HIT-BX and HIT-BX±Q 10 Introduction HIT-BX-ECK 11 Introduction HIT-BQ and HIT±BQ 12 Introduction HIT-VT 13 Introduction HIT-BD 14 Introduction HIT-HT 15 Introduction HIT-FT, HIT-AT, and HIT-OT 16 Introduction HIT-WT 17 Engineering request form 18 Project gallery 19

Thermal Bridging

Higher environmental demands, increasing consumption of a building becomes larger. rior surfaces around the thermal energy costs, and the desire for healthier One of the most significant thermal bridges break decreases, mold issues caused by and more comfortable living space have are balconies and other similar structures condensation occur. The system also led to thicker insulation layers in residential that stick out of the building and thus cross works the opposite way in areas where and commercial buildings in recent years. the insulation layer. These members act like the outer temperatures are high and air With thicker insulation layers, the influence cooling fins that cool down the building in condition is used to compensate the high of local thermal bridges in the total energy winter time. As the temperature at the inte- outer temperatures.

The HIT Solution

Simple to install, HIT Insulated Connections HALFEN HIT Insulated Connections are 5of 71of are designed to minimize thermal bridging available for different concrete thicknesses at all concrete members that cross the and loading conditions. Custom solutions insulation layer of the building such as to fit special project requirements are balconies, cantilever roofs, and fin walls. available. Integralἀfire protection is also available. Typical HALFEN HIT Insulated Connection

Components

Label: assembly, installation Tension bars made of standard reinforcing procedure steel connected with a high-grade stainless steel tube

Synthetic cover or fire Shear bar ‒ high-grade stainless steel protection board

Polystyrene Pressure pads ‒ high-grade stainless steel

Thermal gradient non insulated balcony

Outside Room 23 °F In cold weather thermal bridging leads to a cooling of the inner temperature temperature 28 °F below the surface areas around the thermal bridge leading to following areas 68° F 33 °F dew point of concern for designers: 23° F 38 °F 43 °F ▪ Risk of condensation 48 °F ▪ Risk of interior mold growth 53 °F ▪ Risk of concrete cracking under thermal movement 63 °F 68 °F ▪ High energy costs ▪ High CO2 emissions ▪ Cooling down of the surface areas around the balcony (cold feet syndrome) ▪ Increased lifetime building maintenance costs ▪ Pour stop at the connection to use higher grade concrete at the balcony needs additional effort

Temperature below the dew point 54° F

Thermal gradient insulated balcony

Outside Room temperature temperature 23°Thermal F gradient insulated balcony 68° F

The use of HIT Insulated Connections optimizes the connection detail in the following points: ▪ Definite thermal separation between floor slab and balcony ▪ Significantly reduced risk of condensation ▪ Significantly lower risk of interior mold growth ▪ Reduced risk of concrete cracking Temperature ▪ Lower energy costs  OK ▪ Less CO2 emissions 63° F ▪ Reduced lifetime building maintenance costs ▪ HIT can be used as a pour stop to use higher grade concrete in  the balcony area if needed

Reasons for movement induced cracking in thermally exposed concrete parts

Winter Summer 70 F 70 F inside inside Main slab Main slab

0 F 100 F Insulation outside Insulation outside Balcony Balcony

Differential movement causes cracking in connection area

Temperature differences between the build- Main slab Corrosion of the reinforcement leads to ing (inside the insulation) and the balcony concrete spalling. (outside the insulation) provoke a difference in movement in the two members. A The maintenance costs to treat the cracks Movement Insulation conventional rigid connection does not are significantly high. The treatment of the cracks Balcony allow any differential movement. This cracks does not solve the central issue and leads to tension in the concrete and first The concrete cracks expose the reinforce- new cracks will occur. movement cracks occur. ment to oxygen and humidity resulting in corrosion in the reinforcement. Finally the balcony needs to be replaced.

The HIT solution ≤ 36 ≤’ 36' ≤ 18'≤ 18’

Movement joint doweling, e.g. HALFEN HSD Set Movement joint

The HIT units allow for differential move- for the exposed concrete member. If longer ment in the two connected parts inside structures are required, movement joints are and outside the building. The balcony can recommended. ’ 18 ≤ 18' expand and contract without constraints. ≤ Cracking in the exposed concrete parts can To prevent differential deflection between be significantly reduced. To make sure, the two continuous structures but allow for HIT can take the differential movement, a horizontal movement, shear dowels can maximum length of 36’ is recommended be used. 3 1/4"

Reasons to select HIT Insulated Connections for your next design

Wide range of products Many versions of HIT Insulated Connections can be provided. The range enables a great variety of concrete thicknesses, shapes, and load configurations to be safely supported.

Long term energy savings Concrete structures with HIT units can be 10 to 15 times more thermally efficient than traditional solutions. $ $

Long term maintenance savings Less damage from condensation and mold growth produces lower maintenance costs. HIT permits thermal expansion and contraction of the balcony with $ significantly reduced movement-induced cracking to the concrete, $ exposure of reinforcement, and attendant concrete spalling.

Health benefits Reducing condensation and mold growth produces a healthier environment for the building occupants.

Environmental Benefits Heat emissions from buildings and the release of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels used to heat and cool them are contributing factors to climate change. HIT Insulated Balcony Connections can contribute to a reduction in the environmental impact.

Comprehensive engineering support HALFEN engineers will be pleased to assist with detailed design and product selection to suit the requirements of each project.

Dew point, fire protection, and noise reduction

Dew point Dew point diagram To reduce the possibility of mold and the development of 68 condensation the temperatures of all surfaces within the living F space have to be kept above the dew point. The dew point 64 temperature varies according to the temperature and relative F

F] humidity of the living space. In the example indicated in the 61 graph the dew point occurs at 54º F when the room F Room temperature 77° temperature is 68º F and the humidity is 60 %. 57 HIT Insulated Balcony Connections play an important role in Room temperature 68° enabling the temperature of the internal structure to be 54 maintained above the dew point in the areas around concrete Room temperature 59° parts that are breaking through the insulation of the building. 50

Dew point temperature [° pointDew temperature

Relative humidity in the room Fire protection HIT Insulated Balcony Connections are available with or without fire protection board. Ninety minute or two hour fire protection designs are available, and it is recommended that these designs are developed in consultation with HALFEN design staff.

Fire protection boards

LEED HALFEN strongly supports sustainable building practices, such as those established by the U.S. Green Building Council's Lead- ership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System™, NAHB Green, and local green building codes. HIT Insulated Balcony Connections help to reduce the thermal bridges and thus optimize the energy performance of the Temperature building. HALFEN can also provide information about the OK recycled content of the insulated connection units to help 63° F achieve LEED points in the Material & Resources section. 

Sound reduction Sound reduction test report for HIT Type BX-12/10-20 HIT Insulated Balcony Connections can contribute to sound reduction in sensitive areas such as walkways. Independent tests according to international standards such as ISO 140 and ISO 717 have been performed on a number of HIT types. The sound insulation properties vary according to the type and dimensions of the HIT product selected, but typical sound reduction is in the region of 11 dB. HALFEN design staff will be pleased to assist in assessing noise reduction of HIT products on a project basis.

Type of balcony HIT unit Internal forces Page Cantilever balcony HALFEN HIT-BX

10 HIT-BX

Internal corner HALFEN HIT-BX±Q

HIT-BX±QHIT-BX±Q HIT-BX±QHIT-BX±Q 10 HIT-BQ HIT-BQ

External corner HALFEN HIT-BX-ECK

HIT-BX-ECK 11

Supported balcony HALFEN HIT-BQ, HIT-±BQ

HIT-BQ 12

Recessed balcony HALFEN HIT-VT

HIT-VT 13 HIT-VT HIT-VT

Cantilever balcony with seismic HALFEN HIT-BD

14 HIT-BD

Parapet/Corbel HALFEN HIT-FT, OT, AT

Parapet Roof slab In-situ thermal insulation 16

Corbelled Parapet HIT-FT HIT-FT HIT-FT B

External Wall HALFEN HIT-WT Main slab Site installed thermal insulation

External wall Internal wall 17

Balcony External External Wall Wall

HIT-BX balcony for cantilevered balconies and HIT-BX±Q for internal corners

HIT-BX HIT-BX-MOD HIT-BX meter-length element, HIT-BX 20 cm module, B = 3' - 3 3/8" (100 cm) B = 7 7/8" (20 cm)

HIT-BX Dew point, fire protection HIT-BX-MOD and noise reduction Balcony Main slab

Standard version, either meter-length element or 20 cm module

HIT-BX±Q HIT-BX±Q-MOD

Balcony Main slab

Standard version, either meter-length element or 20-cm module

HIT-BX, HIT-BX±Q, HIT-BX-MOD and HIT-BX±Q-MOD application examples

HIT-BHIX T-BX HIT-BHIX-T-BMODX-MOD

n× HIn×T-BHIX-T-BMOX-DMOD Balcony

Balcony

Fig. 1: Cantilevered balcony Fig. 2: Cantilever balcony curved on plan

HIT-BX units are designed to take over bending moments and shear forces provoked by typical cantilevered balconies. The shorter HIT-BX-MOD unit allows adjusting the insulation joint length to the project requirements. HIT-BX±Q HIT-BX HIT-BX and HIT-BX-MOD are the most commonly used types. HIT-BX±Q and HIT-BX±Q-MOD are able to take negative (upward directed) shear loads like they occur at internal corner Balcony conditions. HIT-BX

Fig. 3: Internal corner balcony

HIT-BX-ECK balcony connector for external corner conditions

HIT-BX-ECK Corner element, B = 2' - 2 3/4" (68 cm)

HIT-BX-ECK

Balcony Main slab

HIT-BX-ECK application example

HIT-BX-ECK units are designed to take over the internal forces, implemented at external corner conditions. The use of HIT-BX-ECK units makes sure; the bars of the two adjoining units can overlap properly. HIT-BX-ECK units are used in HIT-BX-ECK combination with HIT-BX units.

HIT-BX HIT-BX-MOD

Balcony h ≥ 18 cm Fig. 1: Cantilevered balcony with wrap-around external corner; the connection includes a HIT-BX-2L module.

HIT-BQ and HIT-±BQ balcony connectors for propped balconies

HIT-BQ Meter-length element, B = 3' - 3 3/8" (100 cm) HIT-BQ

Balcony Main slab

HIT-BQ units take over shear forces found at the connection of propped balconies. As the units allow rotation, they will not provoke bending moments.

Shorter units are available on request

HIT-±BQ Meter-length element, B = 3' - 3 3/8" (100 cm) HIT-±BQ

Balcony Main slab

HIT-±BQ units take over shear forces in both directions. As the units allow rotation, they will not provoke bending moments.

Shorter units are available on request

HIT-BQ, HIT-±BQ application examples

HIT-BQ HIT-±BQ

Balcony Balcony

Fig. 1: Propped balcony with HIT-BQ units Fig. 2: Propped balcony with overhang with HIT-±BQ units

HIT-VT balcony connector for recessed balconies

HIT-VT Meter-length element, B = 3' - 3 3/8" (100 cm) HIT-VT Balcony Main slab

HIT-VT units take over shear forces only. As the units have no pressure pads they allow unimpeded movement of the balcony and can be used on opposite sides of one balcony.

Units can be cut on site to fit to custom width

HIT-VT application examples

HT3  HT3 

Balcony

Balcony  = In-situ thermal insulation

Fig. 1: Balcony/loggia simply supported on 3 sides, two way Fig. 2: Balcony/loggia, simply supported on 2 sides, one way spanning slab. Use HIT-HT units to transfer horizontal spanning slab. Use HIT-HT units to transfer horizontal loads. loads.

Balcony Balcony

Fig. 3: Simply supported balcony. Use HIT-HT units to transfer Fig. 4: Balcony simply supported on 2 sides and with corner horizontal loads. support. Use HIT-HT units to transfer horizontal loads.

HIT-BD balcony connector for uplift shear loads and bending moments

HIT-BD Meter-length element, B = 3' - 3 3/8" (100 cm) HIT-BD

Balcony Main slab

HIT-BD units are capable of transfering both positive and negative moment and shear loads. They can be used when the balcony is part of a continuous slab or for cantilever balconies in tall structures where high wind loads can exceed the self weight of the balcony. HIT-BD can also be used in areas where seismic loads provoke uplifting forces.

Units can be cut on site to fit to custom balcony width

HIT-BD application examples

HIT-BDHIT-BD In-situWD thermal bauseits insulation HIT-VT HIT-BD HIT-VT HIT-BD HIT-VT Balcony HIT-BD HIT-VT Balcony HIT-BD

Fig. 1: Balcony slab located within a continous main slab, e.g. a Fig. 2: Balcony slab located within a continous main slab, e.g. a loggoa. The balcony slab connection transfers positive loggia. The balcony slab connection transfers positive and negative moments and shear forces. and negative moments and shear forces.

HIT-BX HIT-BD HIT-HT1 HIT-BD HIT-BX

Balcony

Fig. 3: Cantilever balcony with seismic loading, HIT-BD unit takes over upward bending moment and shear load.

HIT-HT balcony connector for lateral loads

HIT-HT1 HIT-HT2 HIT-HT units are used when horizontal forces have to be trans- ferred through the insulation joint parallel to the insulation line or perpendicular to the insulation line. HIT-HT1 transfers forces parallel to the insulation line, HIT-HT2 transfers forces perpendicular to the insulation line, and HIT-HT3 is a combination of both. HIT-HT3

HIT-HT application examples

Balcony Balcony

Fig. 1: Simply supported balcony Fig. 2: Simply supported balcony

HIT-BX HIT-BD HIT-HT1 HIT-BD HIT-BX

Balcony Balcony

Fig. 3: Balcony supported on 2 sides and with a support post Fig. 4: Cantilever balcony with seismic loading, HIT-HT1 unit takes over the lateral forces in the joint

HIT-FT, HIT-AT, HIT-OT Insulated Connector for parapets and corbels

HIT-FT element width, B = 11 3/4" (30 cm)

Parapet

Roof slab Main slab Site installed thermal insulation

Corbelled Parapet HIT-FT HIT-FT HIT-FT

HIT-OT element width, B = 11 3/4" (30 cm)

Corbel

Main slab Main slab Site install thermal insulation Corbel

HIT-AT element width, B = 11 3/4" (30 cm) Parapet

Roof slab Roof slab Parapet HIT-AT HIT-AT HIT-AT Site installed thermal insulation

HIT-WT

HIT-WT HIT-WT units are normally used for connecting projecting Unit dimensions, concrete walls or vertical fins. The walls can either be associated B = 6" to 10" with the balcony as shown below or independent vertical H = 60" to 138" concrete features.

HIT-WT application example

Main slab

Site installed thermal insulation

Balcony Wall wall Wall wall

e ≤ 10.10 m

Fig. 1: Thermally insulated shear wall connections

If you are interested in a HIT solution for your project, please download the questionnaire from our website www.halfenusa.com and our engineering team will create a solution that fits for you.

Type overview (top views)

C1 Column C2 Opening C1 Column Cantilevered Simply supported Internal Recessed balcony External balcony cantilever corner corner

Basics / Dimensions

1 Concrete strength C ... / ... Main slab 2 Concrete cover cnom [inch] not 3 Fire protection class required F90 4 Slab length L [ft - inch] ' ‑ " Balcony slab 4 Slab length

5 Slab width B [ft - inch] ' ‑ " 5 Slab width 6 Slab thickness h [inch - inch/16]* " ‑ 16"

7 Step height nh [inch]

8 Height offset v [inch] Thickness of Step 11 7 Incline 9 main slab height 9 Incline [%] Construction of Filigree cast in Main 10 main slab slab place slab Balcony slab 11 Thickness of main slab [inch - inch/16]* " ‑ 16"

12 Number of balconies 8 6 Slab thickness Height 4 Slab length oﬀset

Loads (please only fill in Aor B) Design value of the acting moment A1 MEd [lbs ft/lft] Design value of the acting shear force Additional load e.g. Weight of handrail A2 B6 B3 VEd [lbs/lft] of facing masonry - vertical Characteristic load B2 Horizontal load B1 Live load qk [lbs/ft²] handrail A2 Shear load B2 Horizontal load handrail qk,Gel [lbs/ft] B1 Live load B4 Weight of coverage B3 Weight of handrail g [lbs/ft] - vertical k,Gel A1 Moment

B4 Weight of coverage gk,Bel [lbs/ft²] Additional load e.g. of tubes and B5 additional connections [lbs/ft²] Main Balcony slab Additional load slab B6 e.g. of facing masonry [lbs/ft] Additional load e.g. Other details (e.g. additional loads, columns etc.) B5 of tubes and additional C1 connections

* Please provide the heights in inch and inch/16 - e.g.: 7 " ‑ 11/16"

Past projects that have used the HIT system illustrating the range of application

© 2013 HALFEN · HIT 13-US · www.halfenusa.com 19 Contact HALFEN WORLDWIDE HALFEN has a global network of Subsidiary Companies to assist you. The main contact information for North America and the European Headquarter is provided below. For a full list of offices please visit www.HALFEN.com applies also to copying in extracts. copying applies also to © 2013 HALFEN GmbH, Germany

www.HALFEN.com

USA & Mexico HALFEN USA Inc. Phone: +1 800.423.9140 Fax: +1.888.277.1695 8521 F.M. 1976 E-Mail: [email protected] Converse, TX 78109 Web: www.halfenusa.com Canada UCC Industries International (Distributor) Phone: +1 905.831.7724 Fax: +1 905.831.5872 Units 12 & 13 E-Mail: [email protected] 895 Sandy Beach Road Web: www.ucci.ca Pickering, Ontario, L1W 3N7 Provinces of British Columbia and Alberta: Please contact HALFEN USA Inc. Germany HALFEN GmbH Phone: +49 2173 970-0 Fax: +49 2173 970-123 Liebigstrasse 14 E-Mail: [email protected] 40764 Langenfeld Web: www.halfen.de

HALFEN is also represented by distributors in Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia/Bosnia- Herzegovina/FYROM/Montenegro, Cyprus, Estonia, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kingdom of Saudi-Arabia, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Philippines, Republic of Kazakhstan, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovenia, Spain, South Korea, Taiwan/ROC, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, Vietnam

HALFEN GmbH shall not accept liability for the accuracy of the information in this publication or for any printing errors. PDF 10/13 F-185 - US 10/13