An Open Space Before Getting Home : Small Families Neighbourhood

Home , Balcony, Porch

ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG

MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE PROGRAMME 2004-2005 DESIGN REPORT

AN OPEN SPACE BEFORE GETTING HOME : SMALL FAMILIES NEIGHBOURHOOD

HUI Anthony May 2005

CONTENT

SYNOPSIS

PART 1 RESEARCH

PART 2 CASE STUDIES

PART 3 SITE

PART 4 DESIGN SYNOPSIS

In view of the increasing number of the small families in Hong Kong, social problem such as isolation between the neighborhoods is raised. On the other hand, open space in the residential area, such as internal corridor and sky garden are seldom act as the 'interaction platform' among the neighbours. By studying the possibilities of 1) integration of public program in the housing area and 2) addition of open semi- private/public zone for the families, a new housing living mode is under investigation lack of natural ventilation, lighting and view, corridor space in hong kong Is always not suggesting people to use such shared space

balcony space is now encouraged to be included in the housing development. Though It provide chances to residents to extends daily activities in an outdoor space, It do not help much in increasing the social interaction with neighbourhood. porch area is seldom included in the housing design as both developer and the buyers overlook the importance of the ratio of usable area as most of the residents re- quire a larger 'private space . All the shared space are mainly use for storage.

however, as people in hong kong is hard to earn money to buy a flat/shop which provide enough space for different activities, they always extend the 'activities bound- ary' in the daytime. thesis repot

scenario 1 raise of number of small families request for a better quality of life

J scenario 1

According to the statistic conducted by the Census and Statistics Department (C&SD), there is a steadily decreasing of family number (from 3.9 people/family in 1983 to 3.1 people/family in 2003.

No. of small household 1-2 No. of Domestic Household ( people in a household) increase steadily and is about 40% of the total number of household in 2001.

Increasing of four group of people contributed to the increase of small family, includ- ing 1) Elderly, 2) Single Par- ent Family, 3) S H people and 4) DINK (Doubie-Income- NO-Kid) Families,

Source: Demographic Statistics SessionTCensus ancrstatistics Department : . '.V '•! / I :::/ ’,1i

Household Size in 2001 ( -2001 )

’Source: Demographic Statistics Session, Census and Statistics Department • . f. • ,•. ..( /j ::: :. scenario 1

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ELDERLY Elderly Population < ffAAP )

1. By the survey conducted by the Census and Statistics Department (C&SD) , population of Elderly Population 7 530 S 720 increasing steadily from 8.7% of Total population (1991) to 11.1% (2001), it is predicted to have 000 000 1/4 of Hong Kong population in the year 2031. Mean Age 31 34 37 41 44 46 % Of 2. Being retired, most of the elderly would have little income to support their daily life. Most of then- population 8,7% 10.1% 11.1% I7% 17% 24% have been subsidied by the government. at age >65 ‘Source; Deinographic Statistics Session, Census and Statistics Depaitment :,i , \ ', . i j • 3. Also, they would have many leisure time to involve in different activities, such self- learning # Prediction and being volunteer worker.

4. Not many elderly have high educational background.

SINGLE PARENT Number of Divorces ( } 1- Due to a change in social value, number of divorces has a sixth-folded increase within 20 years. m 2. As the parent has to work and look after their children at the same time, some of these parent may want to work in the neighbourhood where can be more easy to inspect their children's life, some may want to have more social service which can help them to look after their chilidren

SOHO

1. As it may take a very long time to travel between home and office, there is a rise of Small Office- Home Office (SOHO).

2. These people are usually in young ages who are quite professional with high educational background.

3. They usually work until late hours so that they have little free time on doing house work.

DINK Median Age of Women at First Childbirth ( ttff ‘ r?) 1. Due to heavy work situation in hong kong, many new marraige couple desire not to have childre too early as they cannot afford the time to look after the kids, which lead i rising group of Double-Income-No-Kids (DINK). Median Age of | Women at first childbirth ^^ t1 • .' 25 1 26 3 :28. 29.3 29.41 2. These people are mainly in young ages who are quite professional. 1 l:'i ’ . Ml--'.

3. As they have little leisure time, they would rather seek for a better quality of life with ease Department 1. People In different age would use the public space for different use. scenario 1 2. Generally speaking, Elderly and Single Parent Families mainly use the public space in the daytime while eople in SOHO and DINK group would use the public space in night time after work.

Activities Timerange of Small Families Member

Elderly

Activities Outside Homes

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young SOHO group are full as most of the elderly are re- when young working group aiway of energy «nd always sleep tired. they can spare many school they would become working until very late, so very night for different kind free time for different kind of the main user of the public there social time will of social activities. On the activities during the daytime. space in the neighbourhood. I the night time other hand. Elderly need not On the other hand, children Meanwhile, elderly would sleep for too long and will and young couple would get continue to use the space for got up early for morning up for school and work. social interaction. scenario 1

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1. People in different age would use the public s

2. By putting such public space in the same neighbourhood, Place: Study Room I ^^^ Place: Conference Room residents from the small Semi-Private Space Place: Social Centre families can benefits by n \ i sharing the facilities for the EL same use in different time.

3. e.g. young couples can enjoy DK DK DK dating in park during the night time, while elderly used MEETING STUDYING TEACHING to have a morning walk there. Besides that, children would like to play in the garden after Place: Lounge I Garden I Place: Home I Social Place: Home/Office school and SOHO people may Circulation Space Centre like to chat with friends in the EL early hours of a days. EL SO SO DK DK DK

CHATTING 1 CONSULTATION SERVICE SOCIAL SERVICE

\Place: Garden I Restaurant/ Place: Home I Restaurant Place: Home \ z n n EL EL [EL 1 SP SP SP so SO DK DK DK

DATING TAKE AWAY SERVICE

Place: Playground I Place: Semi-Public Space Place: Retail Shops i A z Clubhouse n EL EL k i EL SP SP SP SO SO SO DK DK DK DK

BBQ PLAYING SCS 3 0 1

As most of the elderly are retired, they would have little money but many free time for different activities. On the other hand, some of them are not in good health condition and is In need of social help.

Do Housework for Other Being Volunteer Helper Being Others'Master Relative -> they are eagar to share life Go for Interest Class -> they are experieno'j and -> they have time experience with other -> egar to learn knowledgable

Most of the Single Parents are experienced i doing housework while their child would involve in many activities with requirement of instruction.

Being Housemaid Go For interest Cbss -> they tire experience in Go for Tutorial Class > eagarto earn doing housework - need help on school work

SO HO people would have less extension to deal with other parties except providing professional service to others. On the same time, as they have little time to do housework. They may need other parties to help them to do so. Go to Clubhouse .-> they need to retain social Provide Professional Service life -> v.'ork nature

As DINK have to work, the extent of attending activities dealing with their neighbourhood would depends on their work nature.

Shopping Go to Clubhouse Provide Commercial Servi ^Provide Social Service they are relative iiqh -> they need to retain social -> work nature ''-> v.'ork nature (social worker) income group life SCS 3 0

In the view of Private and Public Sector, the public program provide services while the private sector Commercial Service such ELDERLY and SINGLE provide worker and client:. Medical and IT Service COMMERCIAL SECTOR PARENT FAMILY In the view of I coming group, the lower income group (elderly and singie- parent family) can provide manforce for general service to people who lack of time, while the higher income group GOVERNMENT SECTOR DINK and SOHO would provide professional Gernera Service such as services (such as medical and IT services) Take Away and Household Cleaning Service Also, as the service provide by the government and commercial sector is quite different, putting these function together can increase the selling point and attract more user to use these space in term of convenience.

Professional Service

Manforce

Provision of More Division of Service COMMERCIAL SECTOR which Enlarge Client Sector % scenario 2 % ‘ mmr V

Traditional Hong Kong Noising

1. Traditional Hong Kong housing are large and lowrise. They are present as a rectangular form in which the furniture can be easily arranged. Sometimes there are enough space for large M balcony so that people can extend daily activities there. M 2. However, due to the immigration flue in the 1950s, there is a lack of housing and these traditional units have been sub- divided into rooms to be rent to the immigrants. Density of the housing have been increase sharply and many of them cannot have direct sunlighting in the rooms. Quality of living is bad in such spaces. Some of these people even make illegal extention to the balcony and roof spaces. Outdoor spaces for activities decrease and lead to a decline in living quality

Circulation

For the public housing in the early stage. Corridor is located JTfr/f//rr7TT/77/'//, ii at the peripheral of the building. It is easy to be constructed, • f , giving a simple solution to the housing problem. However, it Trr— is difficult to let direct lighting get into the units, also there is y/ waste in space for the long corridor. rx In order to earn more money by increasing the quality of life, 1 //} private developer made the circulation of the residential blocks in the latter times a internal one. H-shpaed circulation are the most popular one. Also they have increase the frontage of the elevation of the building to make more opeings for the residential units. 'Wing' Design

5. For the public housing, As it is not profit oriented, it is allowed to make the internal horizontal citculation partly open to capture lighting. Moreover, 'wing' design are common in the pubic housing, though it is still a rectanular design for each /n wing for ease of construction.

6. Later on, due to increase of the small families, there is a need ^ A to build more small housing. One of the solution is to build a ySJ-nvV. new wing with small housing units attach to the original public .S.. ... housing. .K

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No. of Units in the same floor.

7. For the private developer, at the same time they try to keep the internal ciruclation to a minimum, they try to increase the number of units in the same floor, in order to increase the profit.

8. Hence a line-shpaed horizontal interna! ciruclation are more welcome by the developer as it is easy to connected to the entrance of each flat < « n V: ‘'’ % ff

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Concern on the outdoor living spaces

9. As the number of flats units in the same floor increase. There are a larger need to have a longer frontage for lighting and ventialtion. Reentrant spaces hence are formed for the rooms which request for less view requirement (such as kitchen and toilet)

10.Furthermore, as the requirement of quality of life increase, under promotion by the government, outdoor spaces such as podium spaces and balcony appear again in the housing development. Also, clubhouse become the important social J spaces for the residents.

lb fj •r Wing' Design

4://'/ For the public housing, As it is not profit oriented, it is allowed to make the internal horizontal citculation partly open to capture lighting. Moreover, 'wing' design are common in the pubic housing, though it is still a rectanular design for each rvwgrvn V wing for ease of construction.

Later on, due to increase of the small families, there is a need to build more small housing. One of the solution is to build a L/V Aw new wing with small housing units attach to the original public housing.

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No. of Units in the same floor.

7. For the private developer, at the same time they try to keep i the internal ciruclation to a minimum, they try to increase \ ‘ \ the number of units in the same floor, in order to increase the \ profit. X

8. Hence a line-shpaed horizontal internal ciruclation are more / welcome by the developer as it is easy to connected to the entrance of each flat f: % : V> V-

Concern on the outdoor living spaces

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Site Plan 1:1000

Basic Information

Location Beijing

Architect Riken Yamanoto

Year of Completion 2004 (stage1-3)

Site Area 122,775m2

Site Coverage 28.4%

Plot Ratio 5.73 Jian Wai SOHO Riken Yamamoto m m Site Section 1:800

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Site case-stydv

BASIC INFORMATION

Name of Building: Arena Residential Building Building Type: Mix-used Residential Location: Amsterdam, Holland Year of Completion 2007 Building Height: 150m No. of Storey: 49 Total no. of Flat: 325 (approx.) Other Facilities: Bicycle Parking Place, Swimming Pool, Finess and Sauna, Cafe, Commercial, Office, Lounge, Workshop, Coference Room, Kindergarden Viewing Garden ARENA RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Wiel Arets

residents' elevator Program case stuc public elevator viewing garden The program differentiates public, semi-public and private zones.

,The first four levels and the roof level are designated lounge with billiards + for public and commercial home office uses.

There are separate entrance and vertical ciuculation for the private and public spaces. kindergarden

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swimming pool fitness + sauna cafe commercial public entrance office + gallery residential 6ntr3 C6 i bicycle ARENA RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Wiel Arets

Composition PL

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-Deep incisions into the volume of the building optimize light, space, air, and programs for the mt building's inhabitant.

-It also assist in articulating form and mass in a distant look.

-Horizontal links between the voids define semi-public programs.

-There are nine standard apartment types. By twisting and rotating, it forms the whole volumetric puzzle.

-The architect first designed the proportion of the circulation core. Then 2 sets of identical vetical rculation system core are added to the circulation zone.

-Vertical void slits are designed with alignment to the lift core.

-addtional volume of apartment are added to each storey by shifting and cutting according to the slit generated. Riken Yamamoto PROJECT TITLE: LOCATION: Tian Jin, China ARCHITECT: Riken Yamamoto Description Voshihani Tsukainotu Moiomij I no kazuh i ro Koj iiiia Rync N i sli i zawa ; SITE AREA: 233,336,34m2 SITE COVERAGE: 22.1% ase study PLOT RATIO: 0,608 ci^/ Riken Yamamoto

Master Plan Five architects involved in the design f the houses for the whole project. These houses are in sizes of 1 SOm^, 250m2, ase study 280ml 400m2, 5 m2, and 6 m2-

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Diagram case

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Plan / Section 1:300 '3se study

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Comparation Program case study

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Comparation Circulation

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Comparation Public Programme Usually the public program are located at the ground floor of the residential building with a long frontage facing to the main street. Moreover, usually there is a courtyard beyond the public programme to attract the people to go Into the area

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Comparation Grid case studv

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Comparation Public / Private case study

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Comparation Service case study

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Comparation Public Program case study

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Comparation Concept Both RY and AB's Scheme would seek the interesting alternative pattern of solid room and void space in the daily routine of the residents. On the other hand, RN's case and the CA's scheme get the idea from the tunnel housing ase studv where level change can increase the privacy of the semi open public space.

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Comparation Public Program

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At the beginging of the Design Stage, Study Models are made to explore the spatial relationship between th solid and void. Standard size of blocks, which represent the living units are group in different combination to explore the possible spatial quality of living environment. STUDY MODEL

A PRILIMINARY DESIGN (CONCEPT)

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As the proposed number units of the housing development is quite large (>1000), it is aim to provide various kind of living units whcih can fit the needs of residents in different group of small families. The design include high/midium/low rise of residential block in linear configuration. PRILIMINARY DESIGN (CONCEPT)

Semi-private Courtyard is placed in Linear Blocking is used instead of front of the entrance of residential tower-shaped in order to increase the building which is the daily routine of penatration rate of lighting in differ- residents. ent layer. Also, The linear block help to divide the whole site into several piece of open space with various privacy. PRILIMINARY DESIGN 2

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By simplifying the previous design, better zoning control is result where residents can oriented themshelves better in the housing development. Also by layering the open space into dif- fernt level. Different degree of privacy can be obtained. FINAL DESIGN

Programme : Residential Development Target Residents: Small Families (1-3) Proposed No. of Unit : 1000 GROUND FLOOR PLAN

LEVEL 1 - PARK Here is the core outdoor space of the housing development. Residents have to pass the park before getting home while non-residents would go through here to the seaside area and the social centre nearby. The park serve as a landmark In the district where residents and non-residents would meet. 1ST FLOOR PLAN

LEVEL 2 - COURTYARD Besides the public outdoor area where people can have chance to meet the ousiders, there are also serveral semi- pubhc/semi-prlvate outdoor spaces In the development. The more enclosed outdoor space in a higher level of the development provide environmennt of dally interaction to certain specific residents (e.g. target elderly group or residents in the same building cluster), the outdoor space Is still planned within the daily routine of the residents 2ND FLOOR PLAN

TYPEC Low Rise, Villa type. Porch size Is large. Suitable for residents who seek of independent life, while keeping certain extend of visual/social contact to the neighbourhood.

TYPEB Low Rise, with internal courtyard. Porch size is smaller, More shared space are provided. Suitable for residents in a lower income group with a need of TYPE A coadjutant. High Rise, various sizes units with sea view. Porch size is larger. Suitable for residents who like soical interaction and living outdoors.

3FPLAN 4FPLAN 6F PLAN DESIGN ISSUE OF THE PORCH

SOCIAL ISSUE TECHNICAL ISSUE

01 PERSONAL IDENTITY residents have different preference on using an out- LIGHTING WITH VIEW door space owned by them.Through the decoration side windows are able to let more natural in this small area,other residents have a chance to lighting into the interior space know more about their neighbours » LIGHTING WITH NO VIEW 02 PRIVACY void space for piping and ventialtion set This small area provide a buffer space that ^ back for hiding view to the service block people can do something which would be con cerned to be embrarasing if happened in the CONTRIBUTION TO THE corridor (such as finding keys, hugging CORRIDOR SPACE 03 INDIVIDUAL TERRITORY large porch area also increase the space lity of the internal corridor space where people enjoy open space, but they natural light can be introduced into the have less motivation on using a shared open space, the porch with area and cross ventilation are allowed level change give a sense of semi- private space belongs to the unique residents .

SOCIAL INTERACTION when people start to emjoy different tivities in this open space, visual contact among neighbours increase which help to promote more social intreaction. Daily chat are easier to be happened

LEVEL 3-PORCH The key architectural element In the design. To bring forward the architectural design of the project 3 different kind of porches are desinged for the housing unit. By this small open space, it is aim to draw people activities outside the rooms, while the activities still occured in the residents'owned territoty. With increasing visual contact among the neighbourhood, it encourage residents to familiar with their neighbour, which may help to increase the neighbourhood harmony. POSSIBLE ACTIVITIES OCCUR AT THE PORCH AREA

• private activities napping

waiting

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B c A ABC II II

In the unit level, the design is still kept in an

MORE MORE order of alterative solid and void space, where PUBLIC PRIVATE each function space is separated by large windows to indicated a changing of privacy level.

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ROOM SIZE: 43.5m2 k. PORCH SiZE:1lm2 SITE SECTION AA'

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