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Oninia Senglaubi, Another New Genus and Species of Frog (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae) from New Guinea

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Oninia Senglaubi, Another New Genus and Species of Frog (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae) from New Guinea Zoosyst. Evol. 86 (2) 2010, 245–256 / DOI 10.1002/zoos.201000007 Oninia senglaubi, another new genus and species of frog (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae) from New Guinea Rainer Gnther*, Bjrn Stelbrink and Thomas von Rintelen Museum fr Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt-University, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany Abstract Received 14 April 2010 Based on morphological, anatomical and molecular traits, a new monotypic genus of Accepted 10 May 2010 the Microhylidae is described. One new species of the new genus was discovered in Published 24 September 2010 the Fakfak Mountains, northwestern corner of the Bomberai Peninsula, Papua Province, Indonesia. The new taxon, Oninia senglaubi, is a symphignathine member of the sub- family Asterophryinae and differs from all other symphignathine species of the Austra- lopapuan herpetofauna by its extremely small size (snout-urostyle length less than Key Words 20 mm). The advertisement call of the new taxon consists of a series of short peeps and these were uttered from small holes in the ground. According to external morphol- Asterophryinae ogy and osteological characters, it is most closely related to Xenorhina, but according new species to molecular data (mitochondrial DNA), it is most closely related to the genera Astero- molecular phylogenetics phrys, Metamagnusia, and Pseudocallulops. Introduction formalin in the field, and each was assigned a field number (FN). All were later transferred to 75 % ethanol in the collection of the Mu- seum fr Naturkunde Berlin (ZMB), and all were given registration The first author recently (Gnther 2009) described two numbers from this museum. Two specimens (ZMB 74606 and ZMB new genera of frogs from Papua Province, Indonesia 74609) were cleared and double stained as bone-cartilage preparations (PPI), western New Guinea. These new genera, Meta- using a modified method from Dingerkus & Uhler (1977). Snout-ur- magnusia and Pseudocallulops, belong to the subfamily ostyle length was taken with a digital calliper, all other measure- Asterophryinae of the family Microhylidae and have ments, to the nearest 0.1 mm, were made with a binocular dissecting been differentiated on the basis of morphological, os- microscope fitted with an ocular micrometer: teological, behavioural and molecular features. SUL snout-urostyle length from tip of snout to distal tip of uro- During field work in the Fakfak Mountains on the style bone (SUL and snout-vent length differ insignifi- Onin Peninsula, northwestern corner of the Bomberai cantly, but SUL is more accurately measured) Peninsula, in September 2008, the first author and local TL tibia length helpers found a small microhylid frog that could not be TaL length of tarsus allocated to any known species or genus. Like Meta- T4L length of fourth toe T4D transverse diameter of disc of 4th toe magnusia and Pseudocallulops, the new genus is also a F3L length of third finger symphignathine member of the Asterophryinae and is F3D transverse diameter of disc of third finger formally described in the following text. L1T length of first toe, distal of the metatarsal tubercle Lcint length of inner metatarsal tubercle HL head length, from tip of snout to posterior margin of tym- panum Material and methods HW head width, taken in the region of the tympana SL snout length, from tip of snout to an imaginary line con- All voucher specimens were collected after locating them by their ad- necting centres of eyes vertisement calls. Some living specimens were photographed. Thigh END distance from anterior margin of orbital opening to centre muscle tissue was taken from some and stored in 96 % ethanol for of naris subsequent DNA sequencing. All specimens were preserved in 2 % IND internarial distance between centres of nares * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] # 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 246 Gu¨nther,R.etal.:NewmicrohylidfroggenusfromNewGuinea ED eye diameter, from anterior to posterior margin of orbital Sources of DNA material are given by Khler & Gnther (2008). opening Moreover, samples of the following specimens were analysed: TyD horizontal diameter of tympanum Asterophrys turpicola, ZMB 70537 (FN: RG 7898), Fakfak Moun- tains, Bomberai Peninsula, PPI; Advertisement calls were recorded in the field with a Sony Digital Callulops sp., robustus complex, ZMB 62566 (FN: RG 7350), Waira Audio Tape (DAT) Walkman TCD-D 100 and a Sennheiser micro- Mountain, Yapen Island, PPI; phone MKE 300 and later analysed with Avisoft-SASLab Pro soft- Callulops sp., robustus complex, ZMB 70532 (FN: RG 7877), Fakfak ware. After completion of the study, some types will be transferred to Mountains, Bomberai Peninsula, PPI; the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB), formerly in Bogor and Callulops sp., robustus complex, ZMB 70533 (FN: RG 7924), ditto; now located in Cibinong, Java, Indonesia. Hylophorbus picoides, ZMB 74637 (FN: RG 7840), ditto; Genomic DNA was isolated from thigh muscle using a CTAB ex- Hylophorbus sextus, MZB Amph. 6918, Wapoga Exploration Camp in traction protocol. The tissue was dried, cut into small pieces and ma- the headwaters of the Wapoga River, PPI; cerated in CTAB buffer containing proteinase K. Fragments of the Hylophorbus tetraphonus, ZMB 74636 (FN: RG 7990), eastern end of mitochondrial 12S rRNA (ca. 680 bp) and 16S rRNA (ca. 480 bp) Yapen Island, PPI; genes were amplified and sequenced by polymerase chain reaction Hylophorbus wondiwoi, ZMB 61994 (FN: RG 6753), Wondiwoi (for details see Khler & Gnther 2008). Mountains at base of Wandammen Peninsula, PPI; Forward and reverse strands were aligned using CodonCode Aligner Mantophryne lateralis, CCA 3024, Saundan Province, Utai Village, PNG; v. 3.0.3 (CodonCode Corporation, Dedham, MA, USA) and corrected Mantophryne lateralis, CCA 4086, Milne Bay Province, Halowia Vil- by eye. The sequences were aligned using MAFFT (Katoh & Toh lage, PNG; 2008). In addition, ALISCORE (Misof & Misof 2009) was used to Oninia senglaubi, ZMB 74608 (FN: RG 7940), Fakfak Mountains, identify and delete ambiguous regions in the 12S rRNA alignment Bomberai Peninsula, PPI; (remaining bp: 610, ca. 80.4 %). Substitution models were obtained Oninia senglaubi, ZMB 74609 (FN: RG 7942), ditto; from MrModeltest v. 2.3 (Nylander 2004; 12S rRNA: GTR þ G, 16S Pseudocallulops eurydactylus, ZMB 70534 (FN: RG 7819), ditto; rRNA: GTR þ I þ G). Pseudocallulops eurydactylus, ZMB 70535 (FN: RG 7896), ditto; Phylogenetic analyses of the combined dataset (12S þ 16S) Xenorhina cf. oxycephala ZMB 74628 (FN: RG 7886), ditto; were performed using maximum parsimony (MP) as implemented Xenorhina cf. oxycephala, ZMB 74635 (FN: RG 7984), eastern end in PAUP* v. 4.0b010 (Swofford 2002), maximum likelihood (ML) of Yapen Island, PPI; using TREEFINDER v. October 2008 (Jobb et al. 2004) and Baye- Xenorhina cf. oxycephala, ZMB 74640 (FN: RG 7953), Fakfak sian inference (BI; Huelsenbeck et al. 2001) using MrBayes v. 3.1.2 Mountains, Bomberai Peninsula, PPI; (Ronquist & Huelsenbeck 2003). MP parameters: heuristic search Xenorhina sp. ZMB 74631 (FN: RG 7875), ditto. with 10 random additions (maximum number of saved trees), tree bisection and reconstruction (TBR) branch swapping, no. of boots- trap replicates ¼ 10,000 (multrees ¼ no). ML parameters: search Systematics depth ¼ 2, no. of bootstrap replicates ¼ 1,000; BI parameters: 5,000,000 generations, samplefreq ¼ 100, no. of chains ¼ 4, burnin Oninia gen. n. value ¼ 35,001. Photographs of specimens and habitat as well as wave forms, Diagnosis. A member of the symphignathine group of audiospectrograms and power spectrograms are by the first author, the Australopapuan Microhylidae, subfamily Astero- drawings in Figure 2 are by Elisa Forster and in Figure 4 by Vera phryinae, with the following combination of characters: Heinrich. Vertebral column diplasiocoelous; no sagittal crest on cranium; frontoparietals conjoined; nasals weakly Abbreviations calcified; vomero-palatines are small rod-shaped ele- CCA Christopher Austin Collection, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA ments that lack anterior extensions; cultriform process gen. n. new genus of parasphenoid terminates broadly; lateral surface of FN Field number zygomatic ramus of squamosal sharp edged, arched up- ms millisecond(s) ward and projecting over otic ramus; otic ramus of MZB Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Cibinong, Java, Indone- squamosal cartilaginous and broadly attached to otocci- sia pital; dorsal crest present on ilium and urostyle; term- PNG Papua New Guinea inal phalanges pointed; all finger and toe discs with PPI Papua Province, Indonesia RG Rainer Gnther, ZMB terminal grooves; discs on fingers as wide or smaller s second(s) than penultimate phalanges, those on toes 2, 3 and 4 SD Standard deviation slightly wider than penultimate phalanges and those on sp. n. new species toes 1 and 5 of the same width as penultimate pha- ZMB Museum fr Naturkunde (formerly Zoologisches Museum langes; subarticular tubercles absent; eye medium-sized, des Museums fr Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitt, ratio of eye diameter/snout-urostyle length more than Berlin, Germany) 1.10; body size very small for a symphignathine spe- cies; advertisement call consists of a series of short Specimens examined peeps; mode of life subterrestrial. The investigated specimens of the genera Asterophrys, Callulops, Me- tamagnusia and Pseudocallulops are listed by Gnther (2009). The Type species. Oninia senglaubi sp. n. Herpetological Collection of the ZMB
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