DOCSLIB.ORG

BOA5.1-2 Frog Biology, Taxonomy and Biodiversity

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
BOA5.1-2 Frog Biology, Taxonomy and Biodiversity The Biology of Amphibians Agnes Scott College Mark Mandica Executive Director The Amphibian Foundation [email protected] 678 379 TOAD (8623) Phyllomedusidae: Agalychnis annae 5.1-2: Frog Biology, Taxonomy & Biodiversity Part 2, Neobatrachia Hylidae: Dendropsophus ebraccatus CLassification of Order: Anura † Triadobatrachus Ascaphidae Leiopelmatidae Bombinatoridae Alytidae (Discoglossidae) Pipidae Rhynophrynidae Scaphiopopidae Pelodytidae Megophryidae Pelobatidae Heleophrynidae Nasikabatrachidae Sooglossidae Calyptocephalellidae Myobatrachidae Alsodidae Batrachylidae Bufonidae Ceratophryidae Cycloramphidae Hemiphractidae Hylodidae Leptodactylidae Odontophrynidae Rhinodermatidae Telmatobiidae Allophrynidae Centrolenidae Hylidae Dendrobatidae Brachycephalidae Ceuthomantidae Craugastoridae Eleutherodactylidae Strabomantidae Arthroleptidae Hyperoliidae Breviceptidae Hemisotidae Microhylidae Ceratobatrachidae Conrauidae Micrixalidae Nyctibatrachidae Petropedetidae Phrynobatrachidae Ptychadenidae Ranidae Ranixalidae Dicroglossidae Pyxicephalidae Rhacophoridae Mantellidae A B † 3 † † † Actinopterygian Coelacanth, Tetrapodomorpha †Amniota *Gerobatrachus (Ray-fin Fishes) Lungfish (stem-tetrapods) (Reptiles, Mammals)Lepospondyls † (’frogomander’) Eocaecilia GymnophionaKaraurus Caudata Triadobatrachus 2 Anura Sub Orders Super Families (including Apoda Urodela Prosalirus †) 1 Archaeobatrachia A Hyloidea 2 Mesobatrachia B Ranoidea 1 Anura Salientia 3 Neobatrachia Batrachia Lissamphibia *Gerobatrachus may be the sister taxon Salientia Temnospondyls † to Batrachia Tetrapods Caudata Osteichthyes Sarcopterygian (Bony Fishes) (Lobe-fin Fishes) The Biology of Amphibians amphibbio.amphibianfoundation.org Hylidae. Rafinesque, 1815 (710 sp.) The Hylidae are a wide-ranging family of frogs commonly referred to as ‘tree frogs and their allies’. However, the hylids include a diversity of frog species, many of which do not live in trees, but are terrestrial or semiaquatic. Genera (48): Acris Duméril and Bibron, 1841 (3 sp.) | Hyliola Mocquard, 1899 (4 sp.) Pseudacris Fitzinger, 1843 (14 sp.) | Aplastodiscus Lutz, 1950 (15 sp.) Boana Gray, 1825 (92 sp.) | Bokermannohyla Faivovich, et al, 2005 (32 sp.) Hyloscirtus Peters, 1882 (37 sp.) | Myersiohyla Faivovich, et al 2005 (6 sp.) Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843 (105 sp.) | Xenohyla Izecksohn, 1998 (2 sp.) Anotheca Smith, 1939 (1 sp.) | Bromeliohyla Faivovich, et al 2005 (2 sp.) Charadrahyla Faivovich, et al 2005 (7 sp.) | Diaglena Cope, 1887 (1 sp.) Dryophytes Fitzinger, 1843 (18 sp.) | Duellmanohyla Campbell and Smith, 1992 (8 sp.) Ecnomiohyla Faivovich, et al 2005 (12 sp.) | Exerodonta Brocchi, 1879 (11 sp.) Hyla Laurenti, 1768 (15 sp.) | Isthmohyla Faivovich, et al, 2005 (15 sp.) Megastomatohyla Faivovich, et al, 2005 (4 sp.) | Plectrohyla Brocchi, 1877 (19 sp.) Ptychohyla Taylor, 1944 (14 sp.) | Rheohyla Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016 (1 sp.) Sarcohyla Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016 (24 sp.) | Smilisca Cope, 1865 (9 sp.) Tlalocohyla Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005 (4 sp.) Triprion Cope, 1866 (1 sp.) | Aparasphenodon Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (5 sp.) Argenteohyla Trueb, 1970 (1 sp.) | Corythomantis Boulenger, 1896 (2 sp.) Dryaderces Jungfer,et al, 2013 (2 sp.) | Itapotihyla Faivovich, et al, 2005 (1 sp.) Nyctimantis Boulenger, 1882 (1 sp.) | Osteocephalus Steindachner, 1862 (24 sp.) Osteopilus Fitzinger, 1843 (8 sp.) | Phyllodytes Wagler, 1830 (13 sp.) Phytotriades Jowers, et al, 2009 (1 sp.) | Tepuihyla Ayarzagüena, et al, 1993 (9 sp.) Trachycephalus Tschudi, 1838 (17 sp.) | Lysapsus Cope, 1862 (4 sp.) Pseudis Wagler, 1830 (7 sp.) | Scarthyla Duellman and de Sá, 1988 (2 sp.) Julianus Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016 (2 sp.) | Ololygon Fitzinger, 1843 (47 sp.) Scinax Wagler, 1830 (70 sp.) | Sphaenorhynchus Tschudi, 1838 (16 sp.) Hylidae. Rafinesque, 1815 (710 sp.) Hylidae: Acris crepitans blanchardi Hylidae: Anotheca spinosa Hylidae: Anotheca spinosa Hylidae: Anotheca spinosa Hylidae: Charadrahyla chaneque Hylidae: Dendropsophus ebraccatus Hylidae: Ecnomiohyla fimbrimembra Hylidae: Ecnomiohyla fimbrimembra Hylidae: Ecnomiohyla miliaria Hylidae: Ecnomiohyla miliaria Hylidae: Ecnomiohyla valancifer Hylidae: Ecnomiohyla rabborum Extinct Hylidae: Ecnomiohyla rabborum Extinct Hylidae: Ecnomiohyla rabborum Extinct Hylidae: Hyla andersonii Hylidae: Hyla chrysoscelis GA Native Hylidae: Hyla gratiosa GA Native Hylidae: Hyla marmorata Hylidae: Hyla savignyi Hylidae: Hyloscirtus pantostictus Hylidae: Hyloscirtus pantostictus Hylidae: Hyloscirtus princecharlesi Hylidae: Hyloscirtus princecharlesi Hylidae: Hyloscirtus tigrinus Hylidae: Hypsiboas heilprini Hylidae: Hypsiboas fasciatus Hylidae: Pseudis paradoxa Hylidae: Pseudis paradoxa Hylidae: Osteocephalus taurinus Hylidae: Osteopilus septentrionalis GA Exotic Hylidae: Osteopilus vastus Hylidae: Pseudacris crucifer GA Native Hylidae: Scinax quinquefasciatus Hylidae: Smilisca baudinii Hylidae: Smilisca fodiens Hylidae: Smilisca phaeota Hylidae: Litoria splendida Hylidae: Litoria chloris Hylidae: Trachycephalus resinifictrix Hylidae: Trachycephalus venulosus Hylidae: Triprion spatulatus Hylidae: Triprion spatulatus Phyllomedusidae. Günther, 1858 (63 sp.) Formally a subfamily of the Tree Frogs (Hylidae), this group is known as the Leaf Frogs (Agalychnis) and Monkey Frogs (Phyllomedusa). They are known from tropical Mexico to Argentina. Genera (16): Agalychnis Cope, 1864 (13 sp.) Callimedusa Duellman, Marion, and Hedges, 2016 (6 sp.) Cruziohyla Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005 (2 sp.) Hylomantis Peters, 1873 "1872" (2 sp.) Phasmahyla Cruz, 1991 (7 sp.) Phrynomedusa Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923 (6 sp.) Phyllomedusa Wagler, 1830 (16 sp.) Pithecopus Cope, 1866 (11 sp.) Phyllomedusidae: Agalychnis dacnicolor Phyllomedusidae: Agalychnis dacnicolor Phyllomedusidae: Agalychnis callidryas Phyllomedusidae: Agalychnis callidryas Phyllomedusidae: Agalychnis spurrelli Phyllomedusidae: Agalychnis spurrelli Phyllomedusidae: Agalychnis lemur Phyllomedusidae: Agalychnis lemur Phyllomedusidae: Agalychnis annae Phyllomedusidae: Agalychnis annae Phyllomedusidae: Agalychnis moreletii Phyllomedusidae: Callimedusa tomopterna Phyllomedusidae: Callimedusa tomopterna Phyllomedusidae: Cruziohyla craspedopus Phyllomedusidae: Cruziohyla craspedopus Phyllomedusidae: Cruziohyla craspedopus Phyllomedusidae: Phasmahyla guttata Phyllomedusidae: Phasmahyla spectabilis Phyllomedusidae: Phyllomedusa bicolor Phyllomedusidae: Phyllomedusa bicolor Phyllomedusidae: Phyllomedusa sauvagii Phyllomedusidae: Phyllomedusa sauvagii Phyllomedusidae: Phyllomedusa tarsius Phyllomedusidae: Phyllomedusa vaillantii Phyllomedusidae: Pithecopus azureus Phyllomedusidae: Pithecopus nordestinus Phyllomedusidae: Pithecopus rohdei Dendrobatidae. Cope, 1865 (1850) (194 sp.) ©2016 Jason Aloisi candyrocketcomic.com Poison Frogs Dendrobatidae. Cope, 1865 (1850) (194 sp.) This family has recently been revised taxonomically (Grant et al., 2006) and now contains 11 genera. Members are small, brightly colored neotropical frogs. Poison Frogs derive their name from the fact that the more derived genera in this group are brightly colored and produce toxic skin alkaloids, which are obtained through the insects they eat. Three species (Phyllobates terribilis, Phyllobates aurotaenia, and Phyllobates bicolor) have been documented as being used to poison blow-gun darts for hunting animals, in Colombia. The most toxic species of any frog is Phyllobates terribilis, which produces batrachotoxins and homobatrachoxins at a level approximately 20-fold that of other dart-poison frogs. Dendrobatids have short but strong hind limbs and are agile jumpers and climbers. They are characterized by the presence of divided scutes (thick pads of skin) on the dorsal surface of their digits. These frogs are diurnal and lay eggs on land. Many dendrobatid species exhibit parental care, with the males or females (depending on the species) transporting their tadpoles on the back of the parent. In some species, each tadpole is placed in a separate treehole or other small water- containing enclosure, and females or both parents visit the tadpoles periodically, with the female depositing unfertilized eggs at each visit to feed the tadpole. Males are highly territorial, partaking in vocalization and wrestling competitions and display cephalic amplexus (grasping the female around the head during mating, unique among anurans). Genera (16): Ameerega Bauer, 1986 (31 sp.) | Colostethus Cope, 1866 (17 sp.) Epipedobates Myers, 1987 (8 sp.) |Leucostethus Grant, et al 2017 (2 sp.) Silverstoneia Grant, et al 2006 (8 sp.) | Adelphobates Grant, et al 2006 (3 sp.) Andinobates Twomey, et al 2011 (15 sp.) | Dendrobates Wagler, 1830 (5 sp.) Excidobates Twomey and Brown, 2008 (3 sp.) | Minyobates Myers, 1987 (1 sp.) Oophaga Bauer, 1994 (9 sp.) | Phyllobates Bibron, 1840 (5 sp.) Ranitomeya Bauer, 1986 (16 sp.) | Ectopoglossus Grant, et al 2017 (7 sp.) Hyloxalus Jiménez de la Espada, 1870 (58 sp.) | Paruwrobates Bauer, 1994 (3 sp.) Dendrobatidae. Cope, 1865 (1850) (194 sp.) Dendrobatidae: Adelphobates galactinotus Dendrobatidae: Adelphobates galactinotus Dendrobatidae: Adelphobates quinquevittatus Dendrobatidae: Ameerega pepperi Dendrobatidae: Ameerega silverstonei Dendrobatidae: Andinobates fulguritus Dendrobatidae: Colostethus pratti, Colostethus panamansis Dendrobatidae: Dendrobates leucomelas Dendrobatidae: Dendrobates leucomelas Dendrobatidae: Dendrobates auratus Dendrobatidae: Dendrobates tinctorius Dendrobatidae:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com10/05/2021 09:34:25AM Via Free Access © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2017
    Amphibia-Reptilia 38 (2017): 483-502 Resurrection of genus Nidirana (Anura: Ranidae) and synonymizing N. caldwelli with N. adenopleura, with description of a new species from China Zhi-Tong Lyu, Zhao-Chi Zeng, Jian Wang, Chao-Yu Lin, Zu-Yao Liu, Ying-Yong Wang∗ Abstract. The taxonomy of Babina sensu lato was controversial in the past decades. In this study, the phylogeny of genus Babina sensu lato was re-constructed based on genetic analysis, morphological comparison and advertisement call analysis. We found that Babina sensu stricto and previous subgenus Nidirana should be two distinct genera in the family Ranidae. N. caldwelli is confirmed to be a synonym of N. adenopleura because of the small genetic divergence and the lack of distinct morphological differences. A new species, Nidirana nankunensis sp. nov. is described based on a series of specimens collected from Mt. Nankun, Guangdong Province, China, which can be distinguished from other known congeners by having a behavior of nest construction, distinctive advertisement calls, significant divergence in the mitochondrial genes, and a combination of morphological characters. Currently, the genus Babina contains two species and the genus Nidirana contains eight species. Keywords: Babina, bioacoustic, mitochondrial DNA, morphology, Nidirana nankunensis sp. nov., phylogeny. Introduction folds (Dubois, 1992). Subsequently, Nidirana was recognized as a separate genus by Chen The ranid genus Babina was established and de- et al. (2005), based on a molecular phyloge- scribed on the basis of Rana holsti Boulenger, netic tree of Southeast Asian ranids that only 1892 (type species) and Rana subaspera Bar- included one Nidirana species – R. (N.) cha- bour, 1908 by Thompson (1912).
    [Show full text]
  • Auto Guia Version Ingles
    Parque Natural Metropolitano Tel: (507) 232-5516/5552 Fax: (507) 232-5615 www.parquemetropolitano.org Ave. Juan Pablo II final P.O. Box 0843-03129 Balboa, Ancón, Panamá República de Panamá 2 Taylor, L. 2006. Raintree Nutrition, Tropical Plant Database. http://www.rain- Welcome to the Metropolitan Natural Park, the lungs of Panama tree.com/plist.htm. Date accessed; February 2007 City! The park was established in 1985 and contains 232 hectares. It is one of the few protected areas located within the city border. Thomson, L., & Evans, B. 2006. Terminalia catappa (tropical almond), Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry. Permanent Agriculture Resources You are about to enter an ecosystem that is nearly extinct in Latin (PAR), Elevitch, C.R. (ed.). http://www.traditionaltreeorg . Date accessed March America: the Pacific dry forests. Whether your goals for this walk 2007-04-23 are a simple walk to keep you in shape or a careful look at the forest and its inhabitants, this guide will give you information about Young, A., Myers, P., Byrne, A. 1999, 2001, 2004. Bradypus variegatus, what can be commonly seen. We want to draw your attention Megalonychidae, Atta sexdens, Animal Diversity Web. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bradypus_var toward little things that may at first glance seem hidden away. Our iegatus.html. Date accessed March 2007 hope is that it will raise your curiosity and that you’ll want to learn more about the mysteries that lie within the tropical forest. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The contents of this book include tree identifications, introductions Text and design: Elisabeth Naud and Rudi Markgraf, McGill University, to basic ecological concepts and special facts about animals you Montreal, Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Conserving the Hip Hoppers: Amphibian Research at Greater Manchester Universities
    REVIEW ARTICLE The Herpetological Bulletin 135, 2016: 1-3 Conserving the hip hoppers: Amphibian research at Greater Manchester Universities ROBERT JEHLE1*, RACHAEL ANTWIS1 & RICHARD PREZIOSI2 1School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, M5 4WT Salford, UK 2Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PT Manchester, UK *Corresponding author Email: [email protected] Characterising Greater Manchester is not an easy task. As a hotbed of radical ideas, the rise of Greater Manchester during the industrial revolution was followed by a significant economic and population decline. As one of the fastest-growing regions in the United Kingdom of the 21st century, contemporary Greater Manchester is shaped by a conglomerate of different influences. The dynamic history of the area is also reflected in emerging herpetological research activities. Without a pronounced tradition in organismal herpetology, Greater Manchester has recently developed into a national hotspot for academic research on amphibian conservation. Perhaps most importantly, the emerged activities are largely shaped through efforts led by postgraduate students. The present overview summarises Figure 1. Participants of the 2015 Amphibian Conservation these developments. Research Symposium in Cambridge. The conference series A main home of amphibian research activities in Greater started in Manchester in 2012. Manchester is represented by the Manchester Amphibian Research Group (MARG, http://amphibianresearch.org), with a main goal to “advance both ex situ and in situ amphibian conservation through evidence-based research”. Table 1. Amphibian conservation-related research outputs The first MARG meeting took place at the University (indexed journal articles) produced at Greater Manchester of Manchester in 2010, and convened the principal Universities since the first MARG meeting in 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • The Journey of Life of the Tiger-Striped Leaf Frog Callimedusa Tomopterna (Cope, 1868): Notes of Sexual Behaviour, Nesting and Reproduction in the Brazilian Amazon
    Herpetology Notes, volume 11: 531-538 (2018) (published online on 25 July 2018) The journey of life of the Tiger-striped Leaf Frog Callimedusa tomopterna (Cope, 1868): Notes of sexual behaviour, nesting and reproduction in the Brazilian Amazon Thainá Najar1,2 and Lucas Ferrante2,3,* The Tiger-striped Leaf Frog Callimedusa tomopterna 2000; Venâncio & Melo-Sampaio, 2010; Downie et al, belongs to the family Phyllomedusidae, which is 2013; Dias et al. 2017). constituted by 63 described species distributed in In 1975, Lescure described the nests and development eight genera, Agalychnis, Callimedusa, Cruziohyla, of tadpoles to C. tomopterna, based only on spawns that Hylomantis, Phasmahyla, Phrynomedusa, he had found around the permanent ponds in the French Phyllomedusa, and Pithecopus (Duellman, 2016; Guiana. However, the author mentions a variation in the Frost, 2017). The reproductive aspects reported for the number of eggs for some spawns and the use of more than species of this family are marked by the uniqueness of one leaf for confection in some nests (Lescure, 1975). egg deposition, placed on green leaves hanging under The nests described by Lescure in 1975 are probably standing water, where the tadpoles will complete their from Phyllomedusa vailantii as reported by Lescure et development (Haddad & Sazima, 1992; Pombal & al. (1995). The number of eggs in the spawns reported Haddad, 1992; Haddad & Prado, 2005). However, by Lescure (1975) diverge from that described by other exist exceptions, some species in the genus Cruziohyla, authors such as Neckel-Oliveira & Wachlevski, (2004) Phasmahylas and Prhynomedusa, besides the species and Lima et al. (2012). In addition, the use of more than of the genus Agalychnis and Pithecopus of clade one leaf for confection in the nest mentioned by Lescure megacephalus that lay their eggs in lotic environments (1975), are characteristic of other species belonging to (Haddad & Prado, 2005; Faivovich et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Sequencing of Mitochondrial DNA with Long Repetitive Regions and Detection of the Frog Lineages of Large Mt Genome Showing Reduction of Purifying Selection
    Prime Archives in Genetics: 2nd Edition Book Chapter Sequencing of Mitochondrial DNA with Long Repetitive Regions and Detection of the Frog Lineages of Large mt Genome Showing Reduction of Purifying Selection Ryosuke Kakehashi1, Keitaro Hemmi2, Chiaki Kambayashi1 and Atsushi Kurabayashi1* 1Faculty of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Japan 2Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Japan *Corresponding Author: Atsushi Kurabayashi, Faculty of Bio- Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Japan Published July 12, 2021 This Book Chapter is a republication of an article published by Atsushi Kurabayashi, et al. at International Journal of Genomics in January 2020. (Keitaro Hemmi, Ryosuke Kakehashi, Chiaki Kambayashi, Louis Du Preez, Leslie Minter, Nobuaki Furuno, Atsushi Kurabayashi. Exceptional Enlargement of the Mitochondrial Genome Results from Distinct Causes in Different Rain Frogs (Anura: Brevicipitidae: Breviceps). International Journal of Genomics. Volume 2020, Article ID 6540343, 12 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6540343) How to cite this book chapter: Ryosuke Kakehashi, Keitaro Hemmi, Chiaki Kambayashi, Atsushi Kurabayashi. Sequencing of Mitochondrial DNA with Long Repetitive Regions and Detection of the Frog Lineages of Large mt Genome Showing Reduction of Purifying Selection. In: Fekadu Gadissa, editor. Prime Archives in Genetics: 2nd Edition. Hyderabad, India: Vide Leaf. 2021. 1 www.videleaf.com Prime Archives in Genetics: 2nd Edition © The Author(s) 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract The mitochondrial (mt) genome of the bushveld rain frog (Breviceps adspersus, family Brevicipitidae, Afrobatrachia) is the largest (28.8 kbp) among the vertebrates investigated to date.
    [Show full text]
  • Nansei Islands Biological Diversity Evaluation Project Report 1 Chapter 1
    Introduction WWF Japan’s involvement with the Nansei Islands can be traced back to a request in 1982 by Prince Phillip, Duke of Edinburgh. The “World Conservation Strategy”, which was drafted at the time through a collaborative effort by the WWF’s network, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), posed the notion that the problems affecting environments were problems that had global implications. Furthermore, the findings presented offered information on precious environments extant throughout the globe and where they were distributed, thereby providing an impetus for people to think about issues relevant to humankind’s harmonious existence with the rest of nature. One of the precious natural environments for Japan given in the “World Conservation Strategy” was the Nansei Islands. The Duke of Edinburgh, who was the President of the WWF at the time (now President Emeritus), naturally sought to promote acts of conservation by those who could see them through most effectively, i.e. pertinent conservation parties in the area, a mandate which naturally fell on the shoulders of WWF Japan with regard to nature conservation activities concerning the Nansei Islands. This marked the beginning of the Nansei Islands initiative of WWF Japan, and ever since, WWF Japan has not only consistently performed globally-relevant environmental studies of particular areas within the Nansei Islands during the 1980’s and 1990’s, but has put pressure on the national and local governments to use the findings of those studies in public policy. Unfortunately, like many other places throughout the world, the deterioration of the natural environments in the Nansei Islands has yet to stop.
    [Show full text]
  • Partial Report of Activities Carried out in the Masako Forest Reserve
    PARTIAL REPORT OF ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT IN THE MASAKO FOREST RESERVE PROJECT ID: 27590-1 By Franck Masudi Muenye Mali May 2019 The project is funded by the Rufford Foundation “Amphibian diversity and environmental education for local people and capacity building for decision makers for the survival of Masako Forest Reserve in the DRC” PROJECT ID: 27590-1 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 3 2. FIELD METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Investigation ............................................................................................................................ 3 2.2. Amphibian inventory .................................................................................................................... 4 3. PRELIMINARY RESULTS .................................................................................................................... 5 3.1. Views and proposals collected from the local community on the destruction of the Masako forest reserve ...................................................................................................................................... 5 3.1.1. Summary of responses to questions submitted to the local community ....................... 5 3.1.2. Immediate consequences observed following the destruction of the Masako reserve . 5 3.2. List of direct consequences
    [Show full text]
  • Amphibiaweb's Illustrated Amphibians of the Earth
    AmphibiaWeb's Illustrated Amphibians of the Earth Created and Illustrated by the 2020-2021 AmphibiaWeb URAP Team: Alice Drozd, Arjun Mehta, Ash Reining, Kira Wiesinger, and Ann T. Chang This introduction to amphibians was written by University of California, Berkeley AmphibiaWeb Undergraduate Research Apprentices for people who love amphibians. Thank you to the many AmphibiaWeb apprentices over the last 21 years for their efforts. Edited by members of the AmphibiaWeb Steering Committee CC BY-NC-SA 2 Dedicated in loving memory of David B. Wake Founding Director of AmphibiaWeb (8 June 1936 - 29 April 2021) Dave Wake was a dedicated amphibian biologist who mentored and educated countless people. With the launch of AmphibiaWeb in 2000, Dave sought to bring the conservation science and basic fact-based biology of all amphibians to a single place where everyone could access the information freely. Until his last day, David remained a tirelessly dedicated scientist and ally of the amphibians of the world. 3 Table of Contents What are Amphibians? Their Characteristics ...................................................................................... 7 Orders of Amphibians.................................................................................... 7 Where are Amphibians? Where are Amphibians? ............................................................................... 9 What are Bioregions? ..................................................................................10 Conservation of Amphibians Why Save Amphibians? .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • AC29 Inf. 25 (English Only / Únicamente En Inglés / Seulement En Anglais)
    Original language: English AC29 Inf. 25 (English only / únicamente en inglés / seulement en anglais) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA Twenty-ninth meeting of the Animals Committee Geneva (Switzerland), 18-22 July 2017 Interpretation and im plem entation m atters General com pliance and enf orcem ent Captive-bred and ranched s pecim ens GUIDANCE FOR INSPECTION OF CAPTIVE BREEDING AND RANCHING FACILITIES The attached information document has been submitted by the Species Survival Network (SSN) * in relation to agenda item 14. * The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat (or the United Nations Environment Programme) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author. AC29 Inf. 25 – p. 1 The following report analyzes data contained in the CITES Trade Database for trade in captive-bred, farmed, or ranched amphibians from 2012-2015. The database provided approximately 1,500 lines of data describing the trade of almost 200,000 captive-bred (C), farmed (F), confiscated (I), pre- convention (O), or ranched (R) amphibians for all purposes. This report includes data for live specimens, as well as bodies and parts and derivatives. The data was extracted by means of comparative tabulations of reported imports and exports. Latin American countries, particularly Panama and Nicaragua, were common exporters while North American and European countries, such as Canada, the United States, and the Netherlands, were common importers.
    [Show full text]
  • Pseudoeurycea Naucampatepetl. the Cofre De Perote Salamander Is Endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental of Eastern Mexico. This
    Pseudoeurycea naucampatepetl. The Cofre de Perote salamander is endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental of eastern Mexico. This relatively large salamander (reported to attain a total length of 150 mm) is recorded only from, “a narrow ridge extending east from Cofre de Perote and terminating [on] a small peak (Cerro Volcancillo) at the type locality,” in central Veracruz, at elevations from 2,500 to 3,000 m (Amphibian Species of the World website). Pseudoeurycea naucampatepetl has been assigned to the P. bellii complex of the P. bellii group (Raffaëlli 2007) and is considered most closely related to P. gigantea, a species endemic to the La specimens and has not been seen for 20 years, despite thorough surveys in 2003 and 2004 (EDGE; www.edgeofexistence.org), and thus it might be extinct. The habitat at the type locality (pine-oak forest with abundant bunch grass) lies within Lower Montane Wet Forest (Wilson and Johnson 2010; IUCN Red List website [accessed 21 April 2013]). The known specimens were “found beneath the surface of roadside banks” (www.edgeofexistence.org) along the road to Las Lajas Microwave Station, 15 kilometers (by road) south of Highway 140 from Las Vigas, Veracruz (Amphibian Species of the World website). This species is terrestrial and presumed to reproduce by direct development. Pseudoeurycea naucampatepetl is placed as number 89 in the top 100 Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered amphib- ians (EDGE; www.edgeofexistence.org). We calculated this animal’s EVS as 17, which is in the middle of the high vulnerability category (see text for explanation), and its IUCN status has been assessed as Critically Endangered.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Spatially Explicit Call Data of Anhydrophryne Ngongoniensis to Guide Conservation Actions
    Using spatially explicit call data of Anhydrophryne ngongoniensis to guide conservation actions M Trenor orcid.org/0000-0002-0682-2262 Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Masters degree in Zoology at the North-West University Supervisor: Prof C Weldon Co-supervisor: Dr J Tarrant Graduation May 2018 25747339 Abstract It’s been barely 25 years since the Mistbelt Chirping Frog (Anhydrophryne ngongoniensis) was discovered. This secretive amphibian occurs only in the so-called mistbelt grasslands and montane forest patches of south-central KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and is restricted to an area of occupancy of just 12 square kilometers. This species’ habitat is severely fragmented due to afforestation and agriculture and only two of the remaining populations are formally protected. The species occurs mostly on fragmented grassland patches on forestry land, and any conservation strategies should include the management practices for the landowners. Updated density estimates and insight into habitat utilization are needed to proceed with conservation strategy for the species. Like many other frogs, this species is cryptic in its behaviour, making mark-recapture surveys prohibitively challenging. Audio transects have been used previously, but are dependent on surveyor’s’ experience, hindering standardization. Using automated recorders, in a spatially explicit array with GPS synchronization, one can confidently estimate the density of calling males and reveal the estimated locations of calling males, thus providing insight into their occupancy. We surveyed nine historic sites and detected the species at five of the sites in either isolated grassland patches or indigenous Afromontane forest. We successfully employed the spatially explicit catch recapture (SECR) method at three of the sites using Wildlife Acoustics™ Song Meters with extended microphones in an array.
    [Show full text]
  • Instituto De Biociências – Rio Claro Programa De Pós
    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” unesp INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS – RIO CLARO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS (ZOOLOGIA) ANFÍBIOS DA SERRA DO MAR: DIVERSIDADE E BIOGEOGRAFIA LEO RAMOS MALAGOLI Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências do Câmpus de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de doutor em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia). Agosto - 2018 Leo Ramos Malagoli ANFÍBIOS DA SERRA DO MAR: DIVERSIDADE E BIOGEOGRAFIA Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências do Câmpus de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de doutor em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia). Orientador: Prof. Dr. Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Ricardo Jannini Sawaya Rio Claro 2018 574.9 Malagoli, Leo Ramos M236a Anfíbios da Serra do Mar : diversidade e biogeografia / Leo Ramos Malagoli. - Rio Claro, 2018 207 f. : il., figs., gráfs., tabs., fots., mapas Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro Orientador: Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad Coorientador: Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 1. Biogeografia. 2. Anuros. 3. Conservação. 4. Diversidade funcional. 5. Elementos bióticos. 6. Mata Atlântica. 7. Regionalização. I. Título. Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela STATI - Biblioteca da UNESP Campus de Rio Claro/SP - Ana Paula Santulo C. de Medeiros / CRB 8/7336 “To do science is to search for repeated patterns, not simply to accumulate facts, and to do the science of geographical ecology is to search for patterns of plant and animal life that can be put on a map. The person best equipped to do this is the naturalist.” Geographical Ecology. Patterns in the Distribution of Species Robert H.
    [Show full text]