Anura:Microhylidae
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Fauna of Australia 2A
FAUNA of AUSTRALIA 9. FAMILY MICROHYLIDAE Thomas C. Burton 1 9. FAMILY MICROHYLIDAE Pl 1.3. Cophixalus ornatus (Microhylidae): usually found in leaf litter, this tiny frog is endemic to the wet tropics of northern Queensland. [H. Cogger] 2 9. FAMILY MICROHYLIDAE DEFINITION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION The Microhylidae is a family of firmisternal frogs, which have broad sacral diapophyses, one or more transverse folds on the surface of the roof of the mouth, and a unique slip to the abdominal musculature, the m. rectus abdominis pars anteroflecta (Burton 1980). All but one of the Australian microhylids are small (snout to vent length less than 35 mm), and all have procoelous vertebrae, are toothless and smooth-bodied, with transverse grooves on the tips of their variously expanded digits. The terminal phalanges of fingers and toes of all Australian microhylids are T-shaped or Y-shaped (Pl. 1.3) with transverse grooves. The Microhylidae consists of eight subfamilies, of which two, the Asterophryinae and Genyophryninae, occur in the Australopapuan region. Only the Genyophryninae occurs in Australia, represented by Cophixalus (11 species) and Sphenophryne (five species). Two newly discovered species of Cophixalus await description (Tyler 1989a). As both genera are also represented in New Guinea, information available from New Guinean species is included in this chapter to remedy deficiencies in knowledge of the Australian fauna. HISTORY OF DISCOVERY The Australian microhylids generally are small, cryptic and tropical, and so it was not until 100 years after European settlement that the first species, Cophixalus ornatus, was collected, in 1888 (Fry 1912). As the microhylids are much more prominent and diverse in New Guinea than in Australia, Australian specimens have been referred to New Guinean species from the time of the early descriptions by Fry (1915), whilst revisions by Parker (1934) and Loveridge (1935) minimised the extent of endemism in Australia. -
The Impact of Anchored Phylogenomics and Taxon Sampling on Phylogenetic Inference in Narrow-Mouthed Frogs (Anura, Microhylidae)
Cladistics Cladistics (2015) 1–28 10.1111/cla.12118 The impact of anchored phylogenomics and taxon sampling on phylogenetic inference in narrow-mouthed frogs (Anura, Microhylidae) Pedro L.V. Pelosoa,b,*, Darrel R. Frosta, Stephen J. Richardsc, Miguel T. Rodriguesd, Stephen Donnellane, Masafumi Matsuif, Cristopher J. Raxworthya, S.D. Bijug, Emily Moriarty Lemmonh, Alan R. Lemmoni and Ward C. Wheelerj aDivision of Vertebrate Zoology (Herpetology), American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA; bRichard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA; cHerpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; dDepartamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias,^ Universidade de Sao~ Paulo, Rua do Matao,~ Trav. 14, n 321, Cidade Universitaria, Caixa Postal 11461, CEP 05422-970, Sao~ Paulo, Sao~ Paulo, Brazil; eCentre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; fGraduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; gSystematics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India; hDepartment of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; iDepartment of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Dirac Science Library, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4120, USA; jDivision of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA Accepted 4 February 2015 Abstract Despite considerable progress in unravelling the phylogenetic relationships of microhylid frogs, relationships among subfami- lies remain largely unstable and many genera are not demonstrably monophyletic. -
View Preprint
A peer-reviewed version of this preprint was published in PeerJ on 30 March 2017. View the peer-reviewed version (peerj.com/articles/3077), which is the preferred citable publication unless you specifically need to cite this preprint. Oliver PM, Iannella A, Richards SJ, Lee MSY. 2017. Mountain colonisation, miniaturisation and ecological evolution in a radiation of direct-developing New Guinea Frogs (Choerophryne, Microhylidae) PeerJ 5:e3077 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3077 Mountain colonisation, miniaturisation and ecological evolution in a radiation of direct developing New Guinea Frogs (Choerophryne, Microhylidae) Paul M Oliver Corresp., 1 , Amy Iannella 2 , Stephen J Richards 3 , Michael S.Y Lee 3, 4 1 Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology & Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia 2 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 3 South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 4 School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Corresponding Author: Paul M Oliver Email address: [email protected] Aims. Mountain ranges in the tropics are characterised by high levels of localised endemism, often-aberrant evolutionary trajectories, and some of the world’s most diverse regional biotas. Here we investigate the evolution of montane endemism, ecology and body size in a clade of direct-developing frogs (Choerophryne, Microhylidae) from New Guinea. Methods. Phylogenetic relationships were estimated from a mitochondrial molecular dataset using Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches. Ancestral state reconstruction was used to infer the evolution of elevational distribution, ecology (indexed by male calling height), and body size, and phylogenetically corrected regression was employed to examine the relationships between these three traits. -
About the Book the Format Acknowledgments
About the Book For more than ten years I have been working on a book on bryophyte ecology and was joined by Heinjo During, who has been very helpful in critiquing multiple versions of the chapters. But as the book progressed, the field of bryophyte ecology progressed faster. No chapter ever seemed to stay finished, hence the decision to publish online. Furthermore, rather than being a textbook, it is evolving into an encyclopedia that would be at least three volumes. Having reached the age when I could retire whenever I wanted to, I no longer needed be so concerned with the publish or perish paradigm. In keeping with the sharing nature of bryologists, and the need to educate the non-bryologists about the nature and role of bryophytes in the ecosystem, it seemed my personal goals could best be accomplished by publishing online. This has several advantages for me. I can choose the format I want, I can include lots of color images, and I can post chapters or parts of chapters as I complete them and update later if I find it important. Throughout the book I have posed questions. I have even attempt to offer hypotheses for many of these. It is my hope that these questions and hypotheses will inspire students of all ages to attempt to answer these. Some are simple and could even be done by elementary school children. Others are suitable for undergraduate projects. And some will take lifelong work or a large team of researchers around the world. Have fun with them! The Format The decision to publish Bryophyte Ecology as an ebook occurred after I had a publisher, and I am sure I have not thought of all the complexities of publishing as I complete things, rather than in the order of the planned organization. -
3Systematics and Diversity of Extant Amphibians
Systematics and Diversity of 3 Extant Amphibians he three extant lissamphibian lineages (hereafter amples of classic systematics papers. We present widely referred to by the more common term amphibians) used common names of groups in addition to scientifi c Tare descendants of a common ancestor that lived names, noting also that herpetologists colloquially refer during (or soon after) the Late Carboniferous. Since the to most clades by their scientifi c name (e.g., ranids, am- three lineages diverged, each has evolved unique fea- bystomatids, typhlonectids). tures that defi ne the group; however, salamanders, frogs, A total of 7,303 species of amphibians are recognized and caecelians also share many traits that are evidence and new species—primarily tropical frogs and salaman- of their common ancestry. Two of the most defi nitive of ders—continue to be described. Frogs are far more di- these traits are: verse than salamanders and caecelians combined; more than 6,400 (~88%) of extant amphibian species are frogs, 1. Nearly all amphibians have complex life histories. almost 25% of which have been described in the past Most species undergo metamorphosis from an 15 years. Salamanders comprise more than 660 species, aquatic larva to a terrestrial adult, and even spe- and there are 200 species of caecilians. Amphibian diver- cies that lay terrestrial eggs require moist nest sity is not evenly distributed within families. For example, sites to prevent desiccation. Thus, regardless of more than 65% of extant salamanders are in the family the habitat of the adult, all species of amphibians Plethodontidae, and more than 50% of all frogs are in just are fundamentally tied to water. -
Global Diversity of Amphibians (Amphibia) in Freshwater
Hydrobiologia (2008) 595:569–580 DOI 10.1007/s10750-007-9032-2 FRESHWATER ANIMAL DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT Global diversity of amphibians (Amphibia) in freshwater Miguel Vences Æ Jo¨rn Ko¨hler Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract This article present a review of species amphibians is very high, with only six out of 348 numbers, biogeographic patterns and evolutionary aquatic genera occurring in more than one of the major trends of amphibians in freshwater. Although most biogeographic divisions used herein. Global declines amphibians live in freshwater in at least their larval threatening amphibians are known to be triggered by phase, many species have evolved different degrees of an emerging infectious fungal disease and possibly by independence from water including direct terrestrial climate change, emphasizing the need of concerted development and viviparity. Of a total of 5,828 conservation efforts, and of more research, focused on amphibian species considered here, 4,117 are aquatic both their terrestrial and aquatic stages. in that they live in the water during at least one life- history stage, and a further 177 species are water- Keywords Amphibia Á Anura Á Urodela Á dependent. These numbers are tentative and provide a Gymnophiona Á Species diversity Á Evolutionary conservative estimate, because (1) the biology of many trends Á Aquatic species Á Biogeography Á Threats species is unknown, (2) more direct-developing spe- cies e.g. in the Brachycephalidae, probably depend directly on moisture near water bodies and (3) the Introduction accelerating rate of species discoveries and descrip- tions in amphibians indicates the existence of many Amphibians are a textbook example of organisms more, yet undescribed species, most of which are living at the interface between terrestrial and aquatic likely to have aquatic larvae. -
La Collezione Erpetologica Del Museo Civico Di Storia Naturale “G. Doria” Di Genova the Herpetological Collection of the Museo Civico Di Storia Naturale “G
MUSEOLOGIA SCIENTIFICA MEMORIE • N. 5/2010 • 62-68 Le collezioni erpetologiche dei Musei italiani The herpetological collections of italian museums Stefano Mazzotti (ed.) La collezione erpetologica del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “G. Doria” di Genova The herpetological collection of the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “G. Doria” of Genoa Giuliano Doria Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “G. Doria”, Via Brigata Liguria 9. I-16121 Genova. E-mail: [email protected] RIASSUNTO Il primo nucleo della collezione erpetologica del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria” di Genova è costituito dalle raccolte effettuate da Giacomo Doria, fondatore del Museo, nella zona di La Spezia, in Persia (oggi Iran) e in Borneo (insieme a Odoardo Beccari) negli anni 1862-1868. Successivamente la collezione viene incrementata col materiale di numerose spedizioni condotte in tutti i conti - nenti; i risultati di tali raccolte sono stati spesso pubblicati sugli “Annali” del Museo. Nella collezione sono pre - senti 593 specie di Anfibi e 1.456 di Rettili; 171 taxa, attualmente validi, sono rappresentati da tipi. Parole chiave: Anfibi, Rettili, Museo di Genova, annali, tipi. ABSTRACT The first nucleus of the herpetological collection of the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria” (Italy, Genoa) was made up of the specimens collected in the years 1862-1868 near La Spezia (Italy, Liguria), in Persia (now Iran) and in Borneo (with Odoardo Beccari) by its founder, Giacomo Doria. Later, it was increased with thousands of specimens collected during several expeditions throughout all the continents. Many important studies about this rich material have been published in “Annali”, the museum’s journal. -
Final Frontier: Newly Discovered Species of New Guinea
REPORT 2011 Conservation Climate Change Sustainability Final Frontier: Newly discovered species of New Guinea (1998 - 2008) WWF Western Melanesia Programme Office Author: Christian Thompson (the green room) www.greenroomenvironmental.com, with contributions from Neil Stronach, Eric Verheij, Ted Mamu (WWF Western Melanesia), Susanne Schmitt and Mark Wright (WWF-UK), Design: Torva Thompson (the green room) Front cover photo: Varanus macraei © Lutz Obelgonner. This page: The low water in a river exposes the dry basin, at the end of the dry season in East Sepik province, Papua New Guinea. © Text 2011 WWF WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent conservation organisations, with over 5 million supporters and a global Network active in more than 100 countries. WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by conserving the world’s biological diversity, ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable, and promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. © Brent Stirton / Getty images / WWF-UK © Brent Stirton / Getty Images / WWF-UK Closed-canopy rainforest in New Guinea. New Guinea is home to one of the world’s last unspoilt rainforests. This report FOREWORD: shows, it’s a place where remarkable new species are still being discovered today. As well as wildlife, New Guinea’s forests support the livelihoods of several hundred A VITAL YEAR indigenous cultures, and are vital to the country’s development. But they’re under FOR FORESTS threat. This year has been designated the International Year of Forests, and WWF is redoubling its efforts to protect forests for generations to come – in New Guinea, and all over the world. -
Eleutherodactylus Ridens (Pygmy Rainfrog) Predation Tobias Eisenberg
Sacred Heart University DigitalCommons@SHU Biology Faculty Publications Biology 9-2007 Eleutherodactylus ridens (Pygmy Rainfrog) Predation Tobias Eisenberg Twan Leenders Sacred Heart University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/bio_fac Part of the Population Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Eisenberg, T. & Leenders, T. (2007). Eleutherodactylus ridens (Pygmy Rainfrog) predation. Herpetological Review, 38(3), 323. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biology at DigitalCommons@SHU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@SHU. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. SSAR Officers (2007) HERPETOLOGICAL REVIEW President The Quarterly News-Journal of the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles ROY MCDIARMID USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Editor Managing Editor National Museum of Natural History ROBERT W. HANSEN THOMAS F. TYNING Washington, DC 20560, USA 16333 Deer Path Lane Berkshire Community College Clovis, California 93619-9735, USA 1350 West Street President-elect [email protected] Pittsfield, Massachusetts 01201, USA BRIAN CROTHER [email protected] Department of Biological Sciences Southeastern Louisiana University Associate Editors Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA ROBERT E. ESPINOZA CHRISTOPHER A. PHILLIPS DEANNA H. OLSON California State University, Northridge Illinois Natural History Survey USDA Forestry Science Lab Secretary MARION R. PREEST ROBERT N. REED MICHAEL S. GRACE R. BRENT THOMAS Joint Science Department USGS Fort Collins Science Center Florida Institute of Technology Emporia State University The Claremont Colleges Claremont, California 91711, USA EMILY N. TAYLOR GUNTHER KÖHLER MEREDITH J. MAHONEY California Polytechnic State University Forschungsinstitut und Illinois State Museum Naturmuseum Senckenberg Treasurer KIRSTEN E. -
1704632114.Full.Pdf
Phylogenomics reveals rapid, simultaneous PNAS PLUS diversification of three major clades of Gondwanan frogs at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary Yan-Jie Fenga, David C. Blackburnb, Dan Lianga, David M. Hillisc, David B. Waked,1, David C. Cannatellac,1, and Peng Zhanga,1 aState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; bDepartment of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; cDepartment of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Collections, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712; and dMuseum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 Contributed by David B. Wake, June 2, 2017 (sent for review March 22, 2017; reviewed by S. Blair Hedges and Jonathan B. Losos) Frogs (Anura) are one of the most diverse groups of vertebrates The poor resolution for many nodes in anuran phylogeny is and comprise nearly 90% of living amphibian species. Their world- likely a result of the small number of molecular markers tra- wide distribution and diverse biology make them well-suited for ditionally used for these analyses. Previous large-scale studies assessing fundamental questions in evolution, ecology, and conser- used 6 genes (∼4,700 nt) (4), 5 genes (∼3,800 nt) (5), 12 genes vation. However, despite their scientific importance, the evolutionary (6) with ∼12,000 nt of GenBank data (but with ∼80% missing history and tempo of frog diversification remain poorly understood. data), and whole mitochondrial genomes (∼11,000 nt) (7). In By using a molecular dataset of unprecedented size, including 88-kb the larger datasets (e.g., ref. -
Systematics of the Carlia “Fusca” Lizards (Squamata: Scincidae) of New Guinea and Nearby Islands
Systematics of the Carlia “fusca” Lizards (Squamata: Scincidae) of New Guinea and Nearby Islands George R. Zug Bishop Museum Bulletin in Zoology 5 Bishop Museum Press Honolulu, 2004 Cover: Published by Bishop Museum Press 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817-2704, USA Copyright ©2004 Bishop Museum All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISSN 0893-312X Zug — Carlia “fusca” Lizards from New Guinea and Nearby Islands v TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................... vii Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ viii Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 Carlia: An Analysis for Species Relationships ........................................................................... 1 Characters and Taxa .................................................................................................................. 2 Phylogenetic Analysis................................................................................................................ 8 New Guinea Carlia “fusca” ....................................................................................................... 9 Materials and Methods................................................................................................................. -
(Amphibia: Anura) on New Guinea: a Mitochondrial Phylogeny Reveals Parallel Evolution of Morph
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47 (2008) 353–365 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev The radiation of microhylid frogs (Amphibia: Anura) on New Guinea: A mitochondrial phylogeny reveals parallel evolution of morphological and life history traits and disproves the current morphology-based classification Frank Ko¨hler *, Rainer Gu¨nther Museum fu¨r Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universita¨t, Invalidenstr. 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany Received 17 August 2007; revised 24 October 2007; accepted 22 November 2007 Available online 14 January 2008 Abstract Microhylidae account for the majority of frog species on New Guinea and have evolved an extraordinarily wide range of ecological, behavioural, and morphological traits. Several species are known for their unique paternal care behaviour, which includes guarding of clutches in some and additional froglet transport in other species. We sampled 48 out of 215 New Guinean microhylid species and all but two (Mantophryne and Pherohapsis) of 18 New Guinean genera and analysed a concatenated data set of partial sequences of the mito- chondrial genes 12S and 16S, which comprises 1220 aligned nucleotide positions, in order to infer the phylogenetic relationships within this diverse group of frogs. The trees do provide resolution at shallow, but not at deep branches. Monophyly is rejected for the genera Callulops, Liophryne, Austrochaperina, Copiula, and Cophixalus as currently recognized. Six clades are well supported: (1) Hylophorbus and Callulops cf. robustus, (2) its sister taxon comprising Xenorhina, Asterophrys turpicola, and Callulops except for C. cf. robustus, (3) Liophryne rhododactyla, L. dentata, Oxydactyla crassa, and Sphenophryne cornuta, (4) Copiula and Austrochaperina, (5) Barygenys exsul, Cophixalus spp., and Oreophryne, (6) Cophixalus sphagnicola, Albericus laurini, and Choerophryne.