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The Impact of Anchored Phylogenomics and Taxon Sampling on Phylogenetic Inference in Narrow-Mouthed Frogs (Anura, Microhylidae)
Cladistics Cladistics (2015) 1–28 10.1111/cla.12118 The impact of anchored phylogenomics and taxon sampling on phylogenetic inference in narrow-mouthed frogs (Anura, Microhylidae) Pedro L.V. Pelosoa,b,*, Darrel R. Frosta, Stephen J. Richardsc, Miguel T. Rodriguesd, Stephen Donnellane, Masafumi Matsuif, Cristopher J. Raxworthya, S.D. Bijug, Emily Moriarty Lemmonh, Alan R. Lemmoni and Ward C. Wheelerj aDivision of Vertebrate Zoology (Herpetology), American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA; bRichard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA; cHerpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; dDepartamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias,^ Universidade de Sao~ Paulo, Rua do Matao,~ Trav. 14, n 321, Cidade Universitaria, Caixa Postal 11461, CEP 05422-970, Sao~ Paulo, Sao~ Paulo, Brazil; eCentre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; fGraduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; gSystematics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India; hDepartment of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; iDepartment of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Dirac Science Library, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4120, USA; jDivision of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA Accepted 4 February 2015 Abstract Despite considerable progress in unravelling the phylogenetic relationships of microhylid frogs, relationships among subfami- lies remain largely unstable and many genera are not demonstrably monophyletic. -
Two New Frog Species from the Foja Mountains in Northwestern New Guinea (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae)
68 (2): 109 –122 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2018. 28.5.2018 Two new frog species from the Foja Mountains in north western New Guinea (Amphibia, Anura, Micro hylidae) Rainer Günther 1, Stephen Richards 2 & Burhan Tjaturadi 3 1 Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] — 2 Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; [email protected] — 3 Conservation Inter- national – Papua Program. Current address: Center for Environmental Studies, Sanata Dharma University (CESSDU), Yogyakarta, Indonesia; [email protected] Accepted January 18, 2018. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/vertebrate-zoology on May 28, 2018. Editor in charge: Raffael Ernst Abstract Two new microhylid frogs in the genera Choerophryne and Oreophryne are described from the Foja Mountains in Papua Province of Indonesia. Both are small species (males 15.9 – 18.5 mm snout-urostyle length [SUL] and 21.3 – 22.9 mm SUL respectively) that call from elevated positions on foliage in primary lower montane rainforest. The new Choerophryne species can be distinguished from all congeners by, among other characters, a unique advertisement call consisting of an unpulsed (or very finely pulsed) peeping note last- ing 0.29 – 0.37 seconds. The new Oreophryne species belongs to a group that has a cartilaginous connection between the procoracoid and scapula and rattling advertisement calls. Its advertisement call is a loud rattle lasting 1.2 – 1.5 s with a note repetition rate of 11.3 – 11.7 notes per second. Kurzfassung Es werden zwei neue Engmaulfrösche der Gattungen Choerophryne und Oreophryne aus den Foja-Bergen in der Papua Provinz von Indonesien beschrieben. -
About the Book the Format Acknowledgments
About the Book For more than ten years I have been working on a book on bryophyte ecology and was joined by Heinjo During, who has been very helpful in critiquing multiple versions of the chapters. But as the book progressed, the field of bryophyte ecology progressed faster. No chapter ever seemed to stay finished, hence the decision to publish online. Furthermore, rather than being a textbook, it is evolving into an encyclopedia that would be at least three volumes. Having reached the age when I could retire whenever I wanted to, I no longer needed be so concerned with the publish or perish paradigm. In keeping with the sharing nature of bryologists, and the need to educate the non-bryologists about the nature and role of bryophytes in the ecosystem, it seemed my personal goals could best be accomplished by publishing online. This has several advantages for me. I can choose the format I want, I can include lots of color images, and I can post chapters or parts of chapters as I complete them and update later if I find it important. Throughout the book I have posed questions. I have even attempt to offer hypotheses for many of these. It is my hope that these questions and hypotheses will inspire students of all ages to attempt to answer these. Some are simple and could even be done by elementary school children. Others are suitable for undergraduate projects. And some will take lifelong work or a large team of researchers around the world. Have fun with them! The Format The decision to publish Bryophyte Ecology as an ebook occurred after I had a publisher, and I am sure I have not thought of all the complexities of publishing as I complete things, rather than in the order of the planned organization. -
Anura:Microhylidae
THE PHYLOGENY OF THE PAPUAN SUBFAIÏILY ASTEROPHRYINAE (ANURA: MICROHYLIDAE) by THO¡1IAS CHARLES BURTON, 8.4., B.Sc. (Hons)MeIb. Department of Zoology University of Adelaide A thesis submitted to the UniVersity of Adelaide for the degree of Doctor of PhilosoPhY JT'NE 1.9 8 3 To ChwLø SUMMARY THE PHYLOGENY OF THE PAPUAN SUBFAMILY ASTEROPHRYINAE (nruunR : MI cRoHyt-rrRE) The Asterophryinae is a subfamily of terrestrial and fossorial microhylid frogs restricted to the Papuan Sub- Region. It comprises 43 named species and subspecies in seven genera. A second microhylid subfamily, the Sphenophryninae, also occurs in the Papuan Sub-Region, and its relationship to the Asterophryinae is contentious- In this study I undertake a phylogenetic analysis of the Asterophryinae based on the results of an examination of the myology, osteology and external morphology of members of all of the genera, and also of members of the Sphenophryninae, other microhylid. subfamilies and the Ranoidea, which serve as out-groups at different levels of analysis. The Asterophryinae and Sphenophryninae form a monophyletic group (sensu Hennig, 19661 supported by two autapomorphies: (a) direct embryonic development within the egg capsule; and (b) fusion and enlargement of the palatine and prevomer. The monophyly of the Asterophryinae is supported by three autapomorphies: (a) posterior adherence of the tongue and its division into anterior and posterior sections; (b) fusion of elements of the mandible and displacement of the mentomeckelians from the anterior margin of the mandible; and (c) loss of a dorsal el-ement J-aa of the M. intermandíbuLaris. The monophyly of the Sphenophryninae is supported by only one character of dubious value: procoely of the vertebral column. -
Two New Species of Choerophryne (Anura, Microhylidae) from the Northern Versant of Papua New Guinea’S Central Cordillera
Zootaxa 4058 (3): 332–340 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4058.3.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C5735823-530F-417B-8415-0ADECA61BA38 Two new species of Choerophryne (Anura, Microhylidae) from the northern versant of Papua New Guinea’s central cordillera AMY IANNELLA1, PAUL OLIVER2, 3 & STEPHEN RICHARDS4 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia 2Research School of Biology, The Australian National University Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia 3Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia 4Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia Abstract We describe two new species of small microhylid frogs in the genus Choerophryne from the northern slopes of Papua New Guinea’s central cordillera. Choerophryne epirrhina sp. nov. can be distinguished from congeners by the combination of moderately small size (SUL 14.9–15.0 mm), distinctly elongated snout (OHG/SUL 0.09–0.10), first finger without ex- panded disk, and advertisement call consisting of 3–4 distinctly pulsed notes repeated in long sequences. Choerophryne grylloides sp. nov. can be distinguished from congeners by the combination of very small size (SUL 12.5 mm), moderately long snout (OHG/SUL 0.08), long legs (TL/SUL 0.42), first finger without expanded disk and advertisement call consist- ing of 4–5 distinctly pulsed notes, the last of which has many more pulses than preceding notes (9–10 vs. 3–4). -
Bryophyte Ecology Table of Contents
Glime, J. M. 2020. Table of Contents. Bryophyte Ecology. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University 1 and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 15 July 2020 and available at <https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. This file will contain all the volumes, chapters, and headings within chapters to help you find what you want in the book. Once you enter a chapter, there will be a table of contents with clickable page numbers. To search the list, check the upper screen of your pdf reader for a search window or magnifying glass. If there is none, try Ctrl G to open one. TABLE OF CONTENTS BRYOPHYTE ECOLOGY VOLUME 1: PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY Chapter in Volume 1 1 INTRODUCTION Thinking on a New Scale Adaptations to Land Minimum Size Do Bryophytes Lack Diversity? The "Moss" What's in a Name? Phyla/Divisions Role of Bryology 2 LIFE CYCLES AND MORPHOLOGY 2-1: Meet the Bryophytes Definition of Bryophyte Nomenclature What Makes Bryophytes Unique Who are the Relatives? Two Branches Limitations of Scale Limited by Scale – and No Lignin Limited by Scale – Forced to Be Simple Limited by Scale – Needing to Swim Limited by Scale – and Housing an Embryo Higher Classifications and New Meanings New Meanings for the Term Bryophyte Differences within Bryobiotina 2-2: Life Cycles: Surviving Change The General Bryobiotina Life Cycle Dominant Generation The Life Cycle Life Cycle Controls Generation Time Importance Longevity and Totipotency 2-3: Marchantiophyta Distinguishing Marchantiophyta Elaters Leafy or Thallose? Class -
Final Frontier: Newly Discovered Species of New Guinea
REPORT 2011 Conservation Climate Change Sustainability Final Frontier: Newly discovered species of New Guinea (1998 - 2008) WWF Western Melanesia Programme Office Author: Christian Thompson (the green room) www.greenroomenvironmental.com, with contributions from Neil Stronach, Eric Verheij, Ted Mamu (WWF Western Melanesia), Susanne Schmitt and Mark Wright (WWF-UK), Design: Torva Thompson (the green room) Front cover photo: Varanus macraei © Lutz Obelgonner. This page: The low water in a river exposes the dry basin, at the end of the dry season in East Sepik province, Papua New Guinea. © Text 2011 WWF WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent conservation organisations, with over 5 million supporters and a global Network active in more than 100 countries. WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by conserving the world’s biological diversity, ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable, and promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. © Brent Stirton / Getty images / WWF-UK © Brent Stirton / Getty Images / WWF-UK Closed-canopy rainforest in New Guinea. New Guinea is home to one of the world’s last unspoilt rainforests. This report FOREWORD: shows, it’s a place where remarkable new species are still being discovered today. As well as wildlife, New Guinea’s forests support the livelihoods of several hundred A VITAL YEAR indigenous cultures, and are vital to the country’s development. But they’re under FOR FORESTS threat. This year has been designated the International Year of Forests, and WWF is redoubling its efforts to protect forests for generations to come – in New Guinea, and all over the world. -
Eleutherodactylus Ridens (Pygmy Rainfrog) Predation Tobias Eisenberg
Sacred Heart University DigitalCommons@SHU Biology Faculty Publications Biology 9-2007 Eleutherodactylus ridens (Pygmy Rainfrog) Predation Tobias Eisenberg Twan Leenders Sacred Heart University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/bio_fac Part of the Population Biology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Eisenberg, T. & Leenders, T. (2007). Eleutherodactylus ridens (Pygmy Rainfrog) predation. Herpetological Review, 38(3), 323. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biology at DigitalCommons@SHU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@SHU. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. SSAR Officers (2007) HERPETOLOGICAL REVIEW President The Quarterly News-Journal of the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles ROY MCDIARMID USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Editor Managing Editor National Museum of Natural History ROBERT W. HANSEN THOMAS F. TYNING Washington, DC 20560, USA 16333 Deer Path Lane Berkshire Community College Clovis, California 93619-9735, USA 1350 West Street President-elect [email protected] Pittsfield, Massachusetts 01201, USA BRIAN CROTHER [email protected] Department of Biological Sciences Southeastern Louisiana University Associate Editors Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA ROBERT E. ESPINOZA CHRISTOPHER A. PHILLIPS DEANNA H. OLSON California State University, Northridge Illinois Natural History Survey USDA Forestry Science Lab Secretary MARION R. PREEST ROBERT N. REED MICHAEL S. GRACE R. BRENT THOMAS Joint Science Department USGS Fort Collins Science Center Florida Institute of Technology Emporia State University The Claremont Colleges Claremont, California 91711, USA EMILY N. TAYLOR GUNTHER KÖHLER MEREDITH J. MAHONEY California Polytechnic State University Forschungsinstitut und Illinois State Museum Naturmuseum Senckenberg Treasurer KIRSTEN E. -
1704632114.Full.Pdf
Phylogenomics reveals rapid, simultaneous PNAS PLUS diversification of three major clades of Gondwanan frogs at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary Yan-Jie Fenga, David C. Blackburnb, Dan Lianga, David M. Hillisc, David B. Waked,1, David C. Cannatellac,1, and Peng Zhanga,1 aState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; bDepartment of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; cDepartment of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Collections, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712; and dMuseum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 Contributed by David B. Wake, June 2, 2017 (sent for review March 22, 2017; reviewed by S. Blair Hedges and Jonathan B. Losos) Frogs (Anura) are one of the most diverse groups of vertebrates The poor resolution for many nodes in anuran phylogeny is and comprise nearly 90% of living amphibian species. Their world- likely a result of the small number of molecular markers tra- wide distribution and diverse biology make them well-suited for ditionally used for these analyses. Previous large-scale studies assessing fundamental questions in evolution, ecology, and conser- used 6 genes (∼4,700 nt) (4), 5 genes (∼3,800 nt) (5), 12 genes vation. However, despite their scientific importance, the evolutionary (6) with ∼12,000 nt of GenBank data (but with ∼80% missing history and tempo of frog diversification remain poorly understood. data), and whole mitochondrial genomes (∼11,000 nt) (7). In By using a molecular dataset of unprecedented size, including 88-kb the larger datasets (e.g., ref. -
Mountain Colonisation, Miniaturisation and Ecological Evolution in a Radiation of Direct-Developing New Guinea Frogs (Choerophryne, Microhylidae)
Mountain colonisation, miniaturisation and ecological evolution in a radiation of direct-developing New Guinea Frogs (Choerophryne, Microhylidae) Paul M. Oliver1, Amy Iannella2, Stephen J. Richards3 and Michael S.Y. Lee3,4 1 Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology & Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia 2 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 3 South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 4 School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia ABSTRACT Aims. Mountain ranges in the tropics are characterised by high levels of localised en- demism, often-aberrant evolutionary trajectories, and some of the world's most diverse regional biotas. Here we investigate the evolution of montane endemism, ecology and body size in a clade of direct-developing frogs (Choerophryne, Microhylidae) from New Guinea. Methods. Phylogenetic relationships were estimated from a mitochondrial molecular dataset using Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches. Ancestral state recon- struction was used to infer the evolution of elevational distribution, ecology (indexed by male calling height), and body size, and phylogenetically corrected regression was employed to examine the relationships between these three traits. Results. We obtained strong support for a monophyletic lineage comprising the majority of taxa sampled. Within this clade we identified one -
New Genus of Diminutive Microhylid Frogs from Papua New Guinea
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 48: 39–59 (2010)New genus of diminutive microhylid frogs from Papua New Guinea 39 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.48.446 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.pensoftonline.net/zookeys Launched to accelerate biodiversity research New genus of diminutive microhylid frogs from Papua New Guinea Fred Kraus Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, Hawaii, USA urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:62E0A292-1B25-43FB-9429-220B76CE3D70 Corresponding author: Fred Kraus ([email protected]) Academic editor: Franco Andreone | Received 12 March 2010 | Accepted 31 May 2010 | Published 09 June 2010 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4963BDFF-0A2D-4005-AC8D-5ACCA7FAC38A Citation: Kraus F (2010) New genus of diminutive microhylid frogs from Papua New Guinea. ZooKeys 48: 39–59. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.48.446. Abstract A new genus of diminutive (10.1–11.3 mm) microhylid frogs is described from New Guinea that is unique in its combination of having only seven presacral vertebrae, a reduced phalangeal formula that leaves the fi rst fi ngers and fi rst toes as vestigial nubs, and reduction of the prepollex and prehallux to single elements. Relationships to other genera are unknown, but overall similarity suggests some relationship to Cophixalus, although that genus also diff ers in some muscle characters and likely remains paraphyletic. Th e new genus contains two species, which are among the smallest known frogs in the world. Th eir mini- aturization may be related to their inhabiting leaf litter, exploitation of which may select for small size. Th e new genus is currently known only from one mountaintop in the southeasternmost portion of New Guinea and another on a nearby island. -
CBD Strategy and Action Plan
This project is funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) through the United Nations Environment and executed by the Government of Papua New Guinea through the Conservation & Environment Protection Authority n This project is funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) through the United Nations Environment and executed by the Papua New Guinea Environment and Conservation Protection Authority For More information Contact; Conservation & Environment Protection Authority P.O Box 6601 Waigani National Capital District Papua New Guinea Telephone: + (675) 3014500 /3014530 Facsimile: + (675) 3238371/3250182 Website: www.pngcepa.com Prepared By: John Aruga (Lead Consultant), Job Opu, Michael Bongro and Carolyn Kumul Contributions: CEPA Officers, Conservation NGOs, Conservation CBOs, Research Institutions, Academic Institutions, Provincial Governments Cover page Designer: Nicho Gowep Copyright © 2019 Conservation & Environment Protection Authority of Papua New Guinea Published by Stephens Printing, Port Moresby Papua New Guinea, 2020 I PNG NBSAP 2019-2024 PREAMBLE BY THE PRIME MINISTER The Papua New Guinea National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) fulfils in part, commitments PNG made under the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD). It takes up the challenge of ever-increasing threat and decline of our very diverse and unique biodiversity, many of which are found nowhere else in world. Since Papua New Guinea was first settled almost 10,000 years ago, as demonstrated by the Kuk Heritage Site, its unique biodiversity has been continuously under threat, from the destruction of habitat, harvest by growing rural populations, and successive waves of erosion of biodiversity through introduction of pests, weeds and diseases. The actions of PNG’s growing rural population has been by far the second largest threat responsible for growing retreat in its unique biodiversity.