RESEARCH ARTICLE Morphological and ecological convergence at the lower size limit for vertebrates highlighted by five new miniaturised microhylid frog species from three different Madagascan genera 1,2,3 4 2,5 6 Mark D. ScherzID *, Carl R. Hutter , Andolalao Rakotoarison , Jana C. Riemann , a1111111111 Mark-Oliver RoÈ del7, Serge H. Ndriantsoa5, Julian Glos6, Sam Hyde Roberts8,9, 10 2 1 a1111111111 Angelica CrottiniID , Miguel Vences , Frank Glaw a1111111111 a1111111111 1 Sektion Herpetologie, Zoologische Staatssammlung MuÈnchen (ZSM-SNSB), MuÈnchen, Germany, 2 Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoologisches Institut, Technische UniversitaÈt Braunschweig, a1111111111 Braunschweig, Germany, 3 Systematische Zoologie, Department Biologie II, Biozentrum, Ludwig- Maximilians-UniversitaÈt MuÈnchen, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany, 4 Biodiversity Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America, 5 Mention Zoologie et Biodiversite Animale, Universite d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar, 6 Institute of Zoology, UniversitaÈt Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, 7 Museum fuÈr Naturkunde±Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany, 8 SEED Madagascar, London, United Kingdom, 9 Oxford OPEN ACCESS Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom, 10 CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Citation: Scherz MD, Hutter CR, Rakotoarison A, Resources, InBIO, Campus AgraÂrio de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal Riemann JC, RoÈdel M-O, Ndriantsoa SH, et al. (2019) Morphological and ecological convergence *
[email protected] at the lower size limit for vertebrates highlighted by five new miniaturised microhylid frog species from three different Madagascan genera. PLoS ONE 14 Abstract (3): e0213314. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0213314 Miniaturised frogs form a fascinating but poorly understood amphibian ecomorph and have Editor: Mathew S.