5280 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 25
E X T E N S·l 0 N S 0 F R E M A R K S
Jefferson-Jackson Dinner Address path of responsible opposition that put We are going to p&ss a labor bill that will by patriotism above partisanship. drive the racketeers and hoodlums out of Hon. Thomas J. Dodd, of Connecticut SHOULDERS GREAT RESPONSmiLITY the labor movement and help . organized labor to be what the overwhelming majority LYNDON JOHNSON toda7 is shouldering a of its leaders and members want it to be: EXTENSION OF REMARKS greater responsibility than any legislative Clean, dedicated, and progressive. OF leader in our long history. We are going to continue the progress in .In a time of continuing national and in the field of civil rights that we started with HON. JOHN 0. PASTORE ternational crises, we have a national admin the Civil Rights Act of 1957. OF RHODE ISLAND istration that too often seems tired, weary, I say these things not out of vague hope, and unequal to the task. Therefore, more but out of confidence and conviction. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES and more the mantle of leadership has fallen Wednesday, March 25, 1959 upon the majority leader in the Senate. ON THE MARCH And he is meeting this challenge with a mas The Democratic majority in the Senate Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, I ask terful leadership that has no parallel in the and the House of Representatives is on the unanimous consent to have printed in annals of the Senate. march, all along the line. We are deter the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD remarks TIME FOR PROGRESS REPORT mined to face up squarely to our Nation's made by the Senator from Connecticut problems and to meet them head on. We [Mr. Donn] at the Jefferson-Jackson This is the first time that Connecticut have the leadership, we have the will, and we Democrats have gotten together at an occa have the votes to give the people of this Day dinner on March 19, 1959, at the sion like this since shortly after our great Statler Hilton Hotel in Hartford, Conn. country a record of achievement that will election victory of last November. dwarf anything in its past history. And we The people of Connecticut were truly You have all been following the remark are going to do it. honored to have such capable and effi able performance which our party is making When I stand before you a year from now cient speakers on this outstanding and on the State scene. And tonight I would like at our next Jefferson-Jackson Day dinner, I memorable occasion. Among these out to take a few minutes to make a report to you will be able to tell you that these things on how we are meeting our campaign prom have been accomplished. standing orators were numbered our own ises on the national scene. majority leader, LYNDON JOHNSON, and Normally at this stage ·of the legislative THE TASK AHEAD the junior Senator from Connecticut year, only 2 months since the opening of I think that on an occasion like this we [Mr. Donn]. Congress, there is very little to report. Nor can be excused for a little pride in our own There being no objection the address mally at this time of year no major bills have party, to which we have devoted a great was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, been acted upon. Normally legislation is portion of our lives. I think we can be ex as follows: still in the bill drafting stage, or in the com cused for blowing our own horn a little mittee stage. tonight. ADDRESS BY HON. THOMAS J. DODD AT THE JEF But these are not normal times. Last year FERSON-JACKSON DAY DINNER, MARCH 19, But tomorrow and in the weeks and we promised the people of this country months ahead let us all remember the great 1959, STATLER-HILTON HOTEL, HARTFORD, prompt and vigorous action on many fronts. trust that is reposed in us, the great re CONN. How are we fulfilling that promise? sponsibilities we all share, the staggering I will be brief tonight because we all want PROMISES AND PERFORMANCE burdens we must carry in our State, in our to hear LYNDON JoHNSON. First of all, I country, and in the world. wish to express my gratitude to Senator We said that we would pass a housing bill And, humbled by the dimension of this JoHNSON for making the sacrifice that he that would bring us much closer to our goal task, let us do the very best we can to wr1 te has had to make in order to be here with us of a decent home for every American-and a record that will stand to our credit, and tonight. we have done it. to our party's credit, in the history books It is not an easy thing for the majority We said that we would move ahead in of free men in distant generations. leader of the U.S. Senate, in the midst of a clearing away the Nation's slum areas and This task is not a partisan one. Our busy legislative week, to add extra hours to getting the urban renewal program in high goals have been shared by great leaders of his day to help make this happy occasion gear-and we have done it. both parties throughout our national his for Connecticut Democrats a successful and We said that we would provide a system tory. And so it is not inappropriate on this memorable one. of airports and air facilities equal to our celebration in honor of Jefferson and Jack ONE OF HISTORY'S GREAT SENATORS national need in this jet age--and we have son to quote the words of a great Republican done it. President, Theodore Roosevelt, who spoke for This willingness to make an extra effort, We said that we would add another star today as for his own era when he said: this self-sacrifice for the good of our party, to our :flag, the bright star of Hawaii-and are two of the qualities that have made "We see, across the dangers, the great future we have done it. and we rejoice as a giant refreshed, as ~ LYNDON JoHNSON one of the truly great We said that we would carry forward pro Senators in American history. strong man, girt for the race. The greatest grams of loans for needed economic devel victories are yet to be won, the greatest I do not say this lightly. I believe that opment all over the world-and today we deeds yet to be done. • * • There are in LYNDON JOHNSON is in the tradition Of SiX did it. store for our people, and for the causes we or eight truly great Senators of American We said that we would lay before the uphold, grander triumphs than have ever history. In recent years he has carried a American people the grim facts of our na yet been scored." burden that no other Senator has ever car tional military posture--and we are doing it. ried. We said that in vital matters of foreign FACED WITH DANGER policy we would stand shoulder to shoulder In 1953 the Democratic Party was faced with the President of the United States and with a great danger. For the first time in present a firm and united front against So-Called Fair Trade Is Unconstitutional 20 years we were without a President in the Communist tyranny-and we are doing it. White House to give leadership and unity We said that we would put through a EXTENSION OF REMARKS to our party. great nationwide program that would re OF We had lost a crucial election after a cam vitalize depressed areas and put regions of paign against us that was marked by bitter chronic unemployment back on their feet HON. BRUCE ALGER ness, slander, and misrepresentation. Many and next Monday we are going to do it. OF TEXAS feared that we would reply in kind, follow JUST THE BEGINNING ing the doctrine of "an eye for an eye and a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES And this is just the beginning. tooth for a tooth." Many feared that we Wednesday, March 25, 1959 would act in the spirit of blind opposition We are going to see to it that our military that so often characterized our opponents in leaders have the weapons they need to pro Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, the Fair previous years. Others feared that we would tect our freedom. Trade Act (H.R. 1253) violates free lapse into irresponsibility, drift, and sec We are going to pass a foreign aid bill that enterprise by limiting or eliminating tional division. But none of this happened. is worthy of a country of our wealth, our competition. The manufacturer can set And one of the main reasons it didn't hap ideals, and our moral values. pen is that we had a leader in the U.S. Sen We are going to pass a Federal aid to prices on the sale of his product by the ate who, through the tireless exercise of all education bill that wm take a giant step retailer, providing that Congress sets the skills of political leadership welded our toward the kind of education that America aside the antitrust law. This in itself party together, chartered a course of progress needs if it is to preserve its world leadership is strange since the purpose of antitrust and constructive action, and let us along the in this space age. law is to protect businesses and con- 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- HOUSE 5281 sumers by preventing price conspiracies. retirement cannot help but fill us with a said must be--under the old obsolete law Fair trade has been called unconstitu- sense of impending loss. still on the books. tiona! by many States. Now the question - He ·is truly one of the outstanding agricul Equally important, the farm program is facing Congress is the question brought tural leaders in the history of this land. costing too much-it is staggering-it is Nearly all of his life has been devoted to indefensible. · up by fair trade. Can Congress constitu- agriculture. He has been teacher, research · Our total investment in price supported tionally delegate power to private per- er, administrator, Government official, and commodities is now $9 billion. It will prob sons, granting to a certain class of citi- adviser. But above all, he has been, and he ably exceed $10 billion by the end of the next zens privileges not equally given to all is, a farm man, and a man loved and honored fiscal year. citizens. The constitutionality of the by farmers. Since 1953 Dean Myers had been It is estimated that during the next fiscal act has never been squarely tested in the chairman of the National Agricultural Ad- year we will spend more than $1 billion visory Commission, and I can personally one billion dollars-just for storage, trans Supreme Court. testify that he has been a tower of strength portation, and interest on these Govern Maybe it is time we stopped letting the standing for the best interests of American ment-held surpluses. Court interpret and define our intent. farmers. These are facts. Let us reaffirm our belief in free enter- I find it impossible to set down in words The commodities are there, the invest prise and antitrust protection-not ac- all that I would like to say about the de ment has been made. No matter how we cept price fixing and the planned econ- votion, the energy, the intelligence, the un later dispose of them, whether· by sales for omy of H.R. 1253, the so-called fair tiring zeal of this agricultural statesman in cash with an export subsidy, sale for foreign ·n his service to agriculture--yes, and I find currencies, or by outright donation to needy trad e b1 • it equally impossible to express the grati- people, the cost to the taxpayers will be tude, admiration, and affection which I per great. sonally have for him. Can any economist or columnist, can any Address by Secretary of Agriculture Ben My hope, and I am sure your hope also, spokesman for agriculture, can any Mem is that his retirement will not take him ber of Congress, can any farmer, or any son at Cornell University's Annual away from us but that it will free him other citizen, deny these facts? I leave Farm and Home Week Meeting for an even broader and equally fruitful serv the answer to you. ice to the cause of American agriculture. No thinking person can question the ne The last time I was here for your annual cessity for a solution. EXTENSION OF REMARKS farm and home week was exactly 5 years ago Nor can anyone seriously doubt the need OF today-March 24, 1954. What tremendous for sound economics. It would not seem changes we have seen in these 5 years- appropriate for me, on this campus, to dis HON. KENNETH B. KEATING what heavy problems have been faced by the cuss the economics of the farm problem OF NEW YORK Nation and the Nation's agriculture. with you. You are aware of it, and further I can think of no better place to make a you have demonstrated not only an aware IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES frank appraisal of our challenges and oppor ness but a determination to help resolve Wednesday, March 25, 1959 tunities in agriculture than here on the rather than compound the problem. campus of this great land-grant university So we come to the political element. Mr. KEATING. Mr. President, I have from which so many distinguished leaders Since Government has assumed responsibil consistently supported proposals looking have come. ity in the economic field of agriculture, the toward greater :flexibility in Federal farm There are many approaches to most prob most bafiling-and perhaps unfortunately programs and toward greater freedom lems-but few solutions. Sometimes solu the most powerful factor in this formula tions can be reduced to a formula. Is there is politics. Any Government is a political fm: our farmers. The people of this Na a formula which can help us solve our farm system. tion look with more and more disfavor difficulties? I know this is an over It is apparently impossible for a Secretary upon the huge cost of our present farm simpli:Ecation, but someone recently sug of Agriculture to deal effectively with the subsidy program. I am convinced that gested to me a broad formula which might present critical problems of agriculture the farmers of America are as anxious as be expressed like this: Necessity, plus sound always on the basis of just necessity or just anyone to get the Government off their economics, plus constructive politics, equals economics-he must sometimes face up to back and to operate in a free economy to the solution to the farm problem. the politics. the maximtim extent possible. Surely there is no question as to the If we are to have sound farm programs, necessity of a solution to the problem. It we must have sound politics accompanied by Secretary Benson yesterday delivered is no longer merely desirable, it is essential, sound economics. a most timely address o:ri farm problems to do something to reverse the mounting ac There is nothing disgraceful in the word at Cornell University's annual farm and cumulations of farm surpluses of a few crops politics or in the word politician. Politics home week meeting. I was particularly and the heavy costs which threaten our agri is the art of government and good politics impressed by his reference to the results culture with creeping regimentation and makes for good government. The very of a poll of farmers ·an across the land contribute to a serious threat against the foundation of this Government was a docu just completed by a national farm maga solvency of our Nation. Let me just give ment divinely inspired that was drafted and you some dramatic examples of three of the adroitly handled by politically educated men zine. The· results of this poll showed six so-called basic crops on which we ur to become an instrument for freedom. that 55 percent of our farm population gently need fundamental changes in the old What we must strive for in the political fac want no supports, no controls, no :floors, laws. tor of the formula is to have political action free market prices; get the Government Wheat is our number one commodity governed by the economic facts. And this clear out, while only 22 percent wanted problem. We cannot continue with the old is where the failures have occurred. more Government price help. These outmoded wheat program as it now exists. I think it must be admitted that in the views should not be ignored by Congress Harvested wheat acreage has been cut by past there has been an overemphasis on in considering new farm leg~~lation. over 20 million acres since 1949-yet, under political approaches to farm problems which artificial pricing, combined with good are basically econon;1ic. · Mr. President, I ask unanimous con weather, we now have by far the greatest Agriculture must not be sacrificed on the sent that the text of Secretary Benson's wheat surplus in all history. political auction block. Agriculture is excellent speech be printed in the By July 1960 the carryover of wheat will neither Republican nor Democrat. It is RECORD. be about 1Y2 billion bushels-enough to American. There being no objection, the address supply our normal domestic requirements Let us be candid. Both major parties was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, for 2Y2 years. We will have $3Y2 billion tied share responsibility for the situation in which as follows: up in wheat alone. we now find ourselves. But more important We have spread the wheat belt all over is the responsibility for getting to the solu ADDRESS BY SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE EZRA America. Wheat acreage has increased in tion. TAFT BENSON, ANNUAL MEETING FARM AND areas of high cost, while acres have been No one has more concern than I about the HOME WEEK, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, cut back in areas where production is most cost of these farm programs. This Secretary N.Y., MARCH 24, 1959 efficient. This doesn't make sense. of Agriculture has been administering, and I feel most deeply honored and privileged Tobacco and peanuts are in trouble too. is still required to administer, within the to be with you again on the occasion of your We have the best quality tobacco in the straightjacket of outmoded laws the most farm and home week. And yet my job in world, but we have been pricing ourselves costly, irrational, hodgepodge program ever being here is mingled with a certain regret. out of export markets. The world's largest patched together. It 1s the result of 25 In extending his invitation Dean W. I. Myers tobacco market used to be in Winston-Salem, years of political attempts to solve economic reminded me that this would be the last N.C. Now it's 1n Southern Rhodesia 1n problems, seemingly with an assiduous de farm and home program that he woUld plan Africa. termination to pretend that economics does as dean of the College of Agriculture here Farmers are producing more peanuts than not e·xist. at Cornell. I am sure I speak for all of us consumers will buy at the prices at which Do you think that as a farmer, the son of when I say that the prospect of Dean Myers' peanuts for food must be supported-note I a farmer, yes, the grandson of a farmer, and '5282 CONGRESSIONAL. Rf:CORD - · HOUSE March 25 as a former county agent, and now as ·a favored getting - the Government out of Either we must clamp down with more spokesman for farmers, I enjoy for one min farming. rigorous controls on wheat producers than ute the distinction of administering the Another 15 percent favored emergency sup we have ever had before--more controls than third largest item 1n the Federal budget? por.ts only "to prevent disaster {rom a huge congress has ever been willing to impose- Of course not. crop or sudden loss of markets; fioors set a.t, or we must move toward market expansion But be assured, I would not hesitate to de say, 50 percent of parity, or 75 percent of the · and greater _freedpm to produce and compete. fend this program if it were serving the best average 3-year market price and no produc More controls means stopping up the loop- interests of our farm fa.m1lies and the peo tion controls.'' . holes, increasing the penalty for overplant ple of the Nation. The truth of the mat Another 8 percent wanted adjustment sup ing, setting acreage and marketing quotas ter is that these stupendous surpluses and ports "such as 90 percent of the average at levels that would balance supply and de- heavy costs. are not only sapping the vitals 3-year market price, permitting gradual ad mand for wheat for dollars. · of free agriculture, they are also a threat to justment to normal markets and moderate That is ·one approach-more controls- the solvency of this Nation. production control when necessary to ease more regimentation. The Secretary of Agriculture is subject to adjustments." Incidentally, if we followed the formula. many pressures and cross fires. Opposition Only 22 percent wanted more Government in the old law the national allotment for to change--to sound economic solutions to price help. This breaks down into 14 per wheat this year would be zero, no wheat pro economic problems-has been almost un cent who favor a return to supports at 90 duction at all. believable. My opponents can't agree on a. percent of parity or more than 8 percent who A far better approach, I believe, would be constructuve solution. of the farm dilemma. asked for production payments. to provide wheat growers with a. program Really, the only general agreement among This nationwide poll showed that 8 out that moves toward freedom to produce and my opponents is this: "Let's saddle Benson of 10 of the farmers want greater freedom compete for markets. with all of the ills of agriculture, and es and less Government in farming. The issue here is not a partisan one. The pecially with the· cost of the mess we helped Yes, the voice of the American farmer necessity cannot be denied. The economics to make for him.'• calls in louder and louder tones for more is clear. Constructive politics can prevail. There seems never to be a lack of self-ap freedom to act, and less Government inter The issue is whether or not the Government's pointed so-called agricultural experts. Some ference. role with respect to agriculture is to be one times they seem to get away with their strat If this is what farmers want what are that makes sense. egy of being against everything and every we waiting for, what is Congress waiting for? The American people deserve a. program body, while offering nothing positive or con We've made our recommendations. Why that makes sense. The poll I reterred to structive as alternative. don't they act? shows that most of our farmers want it. It is this type of disservice to the Ameri Farmers recognize that the old basic crop We must be on guard, however, lest the can people, and particularly to the American legislation, stlll on the books, is outmoded difficulties of the present program be used farmer, that makes it most difficult to inject and falls of its objective. It has placed as an excuse to involve agriculture in some common sense into farm programs. This is ineffective bureaucratic controls on farmers, thing worse and in even greater trouble. destructive politics in action. destroyed markets, piled up surpluses, and One bill now before the Congress is de With smokescreens of distortions and half imposed heavy burdens on taxpayers. It scribed as a. measure under which "excessive truths, those who would shirk responsibility does not fit the needs of our small farms and burdensome Federal control on agricul for obvious failures seek to obliterate the comprising 56 percent of all our farms.· ture wlll be eliminated, and under which facts. But a. rising crest of informed and Despite our repeated recommendations American agriculture wlll be restricted to a aroused public opinion is beginning to pene over a period of years, the old· program is free enterprise basis.'' trate the confusion. stlll in effect on a very few crops with only The words in this Talmadge-Brannan ap Throughout this great Nation farmers and slight changes. It's certainly not our pro proach are appealing, but the reality is .other thoughtful citizens know that obsolete gram. Congress has never permitted our appalling. farm laws, which produce chaos at great program to become effective. Our program This bill would provide for production costs, must be changed. has never really been tried. The present payments on the basic crops. OUr farmers deserve sound programs. They program was devised during the great de In view of the facts available and the have made an immeasurable contribution to pression and revised during war and recovery studies that have been made, I cannot see our nwtional standard of living-to the point from war. Today we have neither depres how such a. plan can seriously be advocated that our people are the best fed, the best sion nor war. unless as a political gimmick that might last clothed, the best housed people in the world. But we do have a rapidly changing dy for another election. Our farmers face serious problems that are namic agriculture, which is undergoing an Studies by career economists show the not of their own making. irreversible, technological revolution. Our production payment program could cost an Take the cost-price squeeze. Between 1939 farm laws must be revised to cope with nually about $5.4 billion, for payments for and 1952 the index of prices paid by farmers, current conditions. the basic commodities alone. If expanded including interest and taxes, more than dou In January, the President again recom to all the major commodities, the cost would bled. From 1952 to January 1959 the level mended to the Congress forthright changes be well above $10 billion a year. rose only 4 percent. But the damage had in our farm price supports. He urged that Congress refused to adopt such a program already been done. This has created prob price supports no longer be related to a when submitted by my predecessor; Secre lems for our farmers that they are powerless standard 45 years old, but to a percentage tary Brannan. The scheme would: to control. It has affected, and will continue of the average market price during the im 1. Require drastic controls of production to affect adversely, net farm income. I have mediately preceding years. to keep costs within reason. the greatest sympathy for our farm people. If the Congress still prefers to keep exist 2. Limit opportunity of new farmers to en I say we must assist them with sound pro ing parity standards, the President urged ter into the production of these crops. grams. that the Secretary be given discretion to 3. Unless extended to livestock (which If the voices of 20 million farm people in establish the support level for all commodi would boost the cost even higher) it could Am-erica could be crystallized into one voice, ties in accordance with guidelines fixed by create extremely serious problems for live it would, I feel sure, demand more freedom law. This is now permitted for all of the stock, poultry, and dairy producers. for farmers. 250 commercially produced commodities ex 4. It would lead to international reper That voice would say: cept for 16 for which supports are manda cussions if U.S. surpluses were dumped on "Give us more freedom to plant so that we tory. world markets. can run our farms efficiently. Either of these changes would be con 5. Most fundamental of all, it would make "Give us more freedom to market so that structive. Under either course, the surplus farmers dependent for much of their income could be reduced, the cost cut, production on direct payments from the Federal we can increase our incomes. controls relaxed and markets developed. Treasury. "Give us more freedom to meet our com Our farm people could make more of their This would be a long step toward a fully petition so that we can expand our markets. own decisions. The Government could re socialized agriculture. "Give us more freedom from Government sume its proper function of promoting farm All this is not only the farmers' battle for interference so that we may again be inde research, expanding and developing markets, realistic farm programs. It is the battle of pendent anti self-reliant.'' protecting soil and water resources, improv every citizen--every businessman, every tax Strong evidence that farmers increasingly ing farm credit, and so on. We would help payer, every housewife, every consumer, every want more freedom is found in the results of stabiliz,e markets, not price ourselves out person interested 1n the future of this a poll of farmers all across the land which is of them. country. just being announced. Congress recognized the need for farm Our present costly farm programs con One of the largest national farm maga program revision last year by passing the tribute to unbalancing the budget--and this zines invited farmers to tell Congress what Agricultural Act of 1958. This act made contributes to the threat of infiation. That to do about price-support programs. some limited changes in the programs for is of utmost concern to every citizen. No . In replying to that poll, 55 percent voted corn, cotton, and rice. Now we need prompt Nation can go on indefinitely living beyond for "no supports, no controls, no fioors, free and effective action in behalf of procedures its income and cheapening the value of its market prices; get the Government clear of the other three basic crops, wheat, to currency. out." ~acco, and..Peanuts. I am intensely concerned about this. The This is a significant increase over the 50 Wheat particularly is in an extremely crtt course of lnfiation is subtle. Its ends are percent who in a similar poll a year ago ical position. destructive. It mounts quietly, almost un- 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 5283 seen in the short-term view, but it is utterly enjoin the National Association of Retail scholarships by that organization which devastating over time. · Druggists from conspiring to control the to me was both a refreshing and a The President has called for tight reins on marketing of drugs and proprietary med delightful experience: Government spending, and for a balanced budget. He has called upon all of us, as icines by fixing prices and by blacklisting For the reason that I had not thereto citizens, for self-discipline in our economic price cutters. In 1907 this case was end fore known of the existence of these actions, both as individuals and as groups. ed by consent decree enjoining the fur scholarships provided by these trade Government alone cannot win the battle ther operation of the combination. unions and for the further reason I am against inflation. To win it-and we must Today, the druggists' Washington lob of the belief there may be many others win it-will require the united efforts of the byists are still at it. I cannot believe the not advised of this effort by trade unions American people, business, labor, banking, druggists back home understand what is to make a separate and additional con agriculture, and all economic groups. Our expanding Federal Government has being asked in their name. tribution over and above their other well boosted the average fam.ily's tax bill from Fair Trade (H.R. 1253), we are told, known efforts in the field of education, I $120 to $1,600 a year. How much further is their legislative need; that Congress thought it would not be anything but ap can we go in this direction? must set aside the antitrust protection propriate that the following observation Many pressures are now being exerted to for businessmen and consumers alike and be entered, describing what I saw and add more billions to Federal spending in the permit manufacturers to set retail prices heard, and to provide you with a few of coming fiscal year, and beyond, billions that by decree, regardless of a free market the details that may be interesting con can bring on · further deficits and inflation. economy. cerning the · plan and its operation as Contrary to what some people would have us believe, the Federal Treasury is not a All right, forget the consumer. How follows: bottomless grab bag which never needs to be about the retail druggists or other retail It is generally recognized that Amer conserved or replenished. To act as though ers? This fair trade law supposedly to ica's trade unions have been in the fore there is no limit to what the Treasury can help and protect them will bankrupt front of efforts to establish and spend is an open road to the destruction of them. How? By holding an umbrella strengthen universal free public educa private .enterprise, and its replacement by over the big stores, chains, and depart tion for our children. But not too gen a socialistic econ'omy. ment stores who can handle their own erally known is the fact that most I am firmly convinced that most Americans would never turn willingly to socialism. But brand or trademarked items. While the legitimate trade unions today express a great many may unknowingly be led down small retailer must sell at the manufac a continuing interest in the education that road by the lure of Government hand turers' stipulated prices, the big stores of our youth beyond the high school. outs, of deficit spending, of inflation, to the can undercut them, free to price as they A good example of how labor groups point where private enterprise is destroyed. please. help in a meaningful and effective way We cannot spend ourselves into prosperity. A further irony, the manufacturer, in the education of our children can be Nor can we preserve our prosperity and our after setting the price of his trademarked found in the Kansas City area which free enterprise system by following a reck counts among its residents a substantial less policy of spending beyond our income item, can even maJ,re the same product in peacetime. for the big merchant who can set his own number of members affiliated with dis We must have a tax policy which is not price below the manufacturer's compa trict 34, United Steelworkers of America, confiscatory and a budget policy which pre rable trademarked item. Of course, at AFL-CIO. This union, for 11 years now, vents inflation. The Nation must have the outset, the manufacturer will do fine; has been making available to the high sound farm programs-just as it must have he is protected either way. And the school graduates of steelworker families sound banking and finance-and sound wage small retailer? He will go broke. The an annual scholarship which enables a and price policies. fair trade law would prevent his setting student to complete 4 years of college or The necessity for further revision of our university training. Two such awards farm programs is obvious. The direction in his own prices to protect himself. which we should go is clear. The economics in this district are offered every year of the farm problem are simple. and the value of these scholarships has We need less Government in farming. just recently been raised to $4,000 for Quit trying to fix prices unrealistically from Action, Not Talk, in Education each recipient. which flow the twin evils of production for This is not a narrow, highly restricted Government warehouses and Government EXTENSION OF .REMARKS award. Winners are chosen by an im , control of farmers. Emphasize markets, in partial panel of educators from a prom creased efficiency, and competitive selling. OF Eliminate Government's stranglehold on inent university on the basis of a com agriculture. HON. WILLIAM J. RANDALL petitive examination. Those given the This is the solution. OF MISSOURI scholarship are free to pursue higher Congress must not postpone longer the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES education in any accredited college or action needed. The existing, outmoded farm university of their own choosing. Fur laws must be changed. Until Congress acts, Wednesday, March 25, 1959 thermore, they are free to select a agriculture will be burdened with too much Mr. RANDALL. Mr. Speaker, we here course of study leading to a bachelors Government, too much politics, and too little in America hear a lot to the effect that degree in whatever field they desire. commonsense. there is not enough money appropriated One of the two awards given by this The days ahead for America are sobering and challenging. They will demand the for, nor enough emphasis placed upon union in 1959 is going to Gary Paul Agin, faith, prayers, and loyalty of every one of us. the education of our youth. There re the 18-year-old son of Mr. and Mrs. Our challenge is to keep this Nation strong sults charges and countercharges being George Agin, 6642 Indiana Avenue, strong economically, strong socially, and thrown back and forth much like a tennis Kansas City, Mo., whose score in the ex above all, spiritually strong-if our way of ball being batted back and forth between amination was among the upper half of life is to endure. There is no other way. two tennis players. Whether these dif 1 percent of all recent college entrants. Only in this course is there safety for our ferences in viewpoints will be resolved in Young Agin became eligible to compete Nation. God grant that we may meet the this or a subsequent session of this Con for the scholarship because his father is challenge. gress, and whether or not the facts will employed at the Sheffield Steel Co. in be so conclusively established that there Kansas City and he has been a member Fair Trade Bankrupt Those It may come to pass some Federal assist of local 13 of this union for the past 22 Will ance to the schools of our country with years. Should Help out restrictive punitive provisions, no one Indicative of the scholastic aptitude can foretell. Notwithstanding, there is of this young man is the fact that he EXTENSION OF REMARKS a sidelight to this whole matter of youth has an enviable record of achievement OF education which came to my attention in as a student at the Southeast High the city of St. Louis on Saturday, March School in Kansas City, Mo. He is a HON. BRUCE ALGER 21, 1959, which I think is worth making member of the National Beta Club, a na OF TEXAS known by an entry in the CONGRESSIONAL tional honor society organization, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES RECORD. was a finalist in the national merit There in St. Louis at a regional con scholarship competition. Additionally, Wednesday, March 25, 1959 ference of delegates of the United Steel Mr. Agin is the editor in chief of his Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, in 1906 the Workers of America, involving several high school annual yearbook "The Cru United States brought a civil action to States, I witnessed the award of several sader." He has also served as president 5284 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 25 of the high school debating club and in and longed for the day of their inde A Permanent United Nations Police Force his junior year at this school was the pendence. This came about in 1918, winner of a University of Washington when the Czarist regime was over ·achievement award. This youngster's thrown. On March 25 of that year the EXTENSION OF REMARKS interest in worthwhile things extends be Byelorussian National Republic was pro OF yond the school and into the community. claimed, with its capital in the historic HON. JACOB K. JAVITS He is a junior deacon in the Central city of Minsk. Soon it was recognized OF NEW YORK Christian Church of Kansas City and a by the governments of many countries, IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES cochairman of the Teen Town Commit- and it looked as if the new state was to . tee, a young people's organization de attain sovereignty in historic Byelo Wednesday, March 25,1959 voted to teenage social activities. russia. Unfortunately the independence Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, on Au Now that this promising young man thus proclaimed did not last long. Rus gust 8, 1957, the Senate adopted Senate has the resources to continue his educa sian Communists attacked and overran Resolution 15 expressing the sense of tion he is planning to attend the Uni it, and in March 1921, Byelorussian in this body in favor of the creation versity of Kansas and major in engineer dependence vanished. Since then some of a permanent United Nations police ing physics. While the parents of this 10 million Byelorussians are living under force. Such a permanent U.N. police student would have made any and every the oppressive Soviet regime. But they force has long been the dream of those sacrifice to secure for their boy a good have not abandoned their ultimate goal who seek to firmly maintain the peace. education, they are doubtful that this for freedom and independence. There At the ninth annual conference of would have been possible without the in their homeland, while working hard national organizations called by the substantial help provided by this gener under the unfree and almost inhuman American Associations for the United ous scholarship. It is a fact that the Soviet system, they ardently look to the Nations, on March 10, my distinguished great majority of those receiving this day of their liberation and freedom. colleague [Mr. KEATING] delivered a sig award would have been unable to con On this 41st anniversary of their in nificant address on the need for a per tinue their education without the finan dependence day, let us all hope for the manent U.N. police force. cial help accompanying the award. freedom of Byelorussia and its liberty I ask unanimous consent that my col This is a fine example of labor's deep loving people. league's address be printed in the and abiding interest in the educational RECORD. welfare of our children, but it is not at There being no objection, the address all unique. Similar scholarships are was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, o:ffered to high school students in almost Byelorussian Independence Day as follows: every other district subdivision of the A PERMANENT U.N. POLICE FORCE union. Moreover, hundreds of smaller EXTENSION OF REMARKS The United Nations, now in its 13th year but equally important scholarships are OF of existence, continues to be the most effec provided by local union affiliates of the tive organization yet devised by man for the United Steelworkers of America. To HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. maintenance of peace. gether, these contributions toward the OF NEW JERSEY The founders of the United Nations hoped education of our youth represent a very IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that the harsh lesson of World War II would long discourage threats to the tranquility of significant and noteworthy step toward Wednesday, March 25,1959 the growth and development of our fu the world. Sorrowfully, it must be recog Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, Byelorus nized that these hopes were in vain. For ture citizens. while the United Nations has served us well, sia's modern history is overshadowed by it has not yet succeeded in completely Russian history, because during most of stamping out the lurking dangers and out that period the country had become part breaks of hostillties. Byelorussian Independence Day of Russia, and the Russians have tried to This organization for peace has accom eradicate all Byelorussian traditions and plished much good, but it must be made to national traits there. But the Byelorus function even better. EXTENSION OF REMARKS sian people, who have had a longer his One essential step in the process of mak OF tory as a nation than the Russians ing the United Nations stronger is the cre themselves, were never willing to fore ation of a United Nations pollee force. HON. ABRAHAM J. MULTER go and forget their distinct identity, and I need hardly remind this audience that OF NEW YORK the idea of an international pollee force 1s they have always wanted to regain their not new. · It was incorporated into the cove IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES freedom and independence. They had nant of the League of Nations. The United Wednesday, March 25,1959 that opportunity in 1918. Nations charter specifically provides for U.N. In that year, when the detested Czar armed forces operating under the Security Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, the Byelo ist regime was no more, and the new Council and a military statf. Unfortunately, russians are one of the lesser known Communist regime in Russia was still in little has been done to implement these Slavic peoples. its infancy, the Byelorussians regained provisions. This is partly because they have been their freedom and proclaimed the es The principal obstacle to constructive ac intermingled with more numerous and tablishmentof the Byelorussian National tion on this subject, as on so many others, powerful other Slavic peoples, and partly has been the intransigence of the Soviet Republic on March 25, 41 years ago. Union. Last October its delegate to the because they have been subjected to the Then it was hoped that some 10 mil United Nations announced that any move oppressive rule of others. For centuries lion Byelorussians, having become sov by the General Assembly to establish a peace Russians have done all in their power ereign in their historic homeland, would force would be illegal and unacceptable. to assimilate them, and have tried to enjoy the fruits of freedom in peace. This attitude emphasizes the fundamental represent them to the world as Rus Unfortunately that was not to be. Early division within the United Nations between sians. But history shows that the Byelo in 1921, before Byelorussians had the those nations which desire a stable interna russians-the White Russians, or chance to consolidate and strengthen tional order and those which are determined Ruthenians, as they are sometimes to undermine the peace of the world com their government, Soviet forces attacked munity by their aggressive actions. called-formed a distinct national group and overran the country, and Byelorus The United States has repeatedly demon 1n their homeland, east of Poland and sia as an independent nation vanished. strated its willingness to participate in an west of Moscow, long before the forma Since then, for more than four decades international army for peace. The President tion of the modern Russian State. Since these liberty-loving and sturdy Byelo in addressing the General Assembly last that event, early in modern times, Byelo russians are living under the unrelent August urged action by the Assembly look russia became part of the Russian ing rule of Communist Russians. But ing toward the creation of a standby United Empire. Nations peace force. And Secretary Dulles they have not given up their hope for has since suggested positive steps for carry Czarist Russian rule did not eliminate freedom and independence. They still ing out this plan. the Byelorussians as an ethnic group. cherish that noble ideal, and on this 41st Under the Secretary's proposal, a small The more they were oppressed by their anniversary of their independence day, planning staff would be created within the Russian masters, the more Byelorussians I wish them strength and fortitude in Secretariat to develop standby plans for call clung to their ethnic and national ideals, their moral and physical struggle. ing into being, deploying and supporting 1959 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 5285 such a peace force. This planning staff would of State pointed out in his address to the 1. The fantastic progress in technological develop concrete arrangements to facilitate General Assembly, "its very presence (would) development has put mankind within reach any United Nations decisions to employ its make visible the interest of the world com of one of his greatest goals, the elimination force. These arrangements would be de munity in the maintenance of tranquillity." of poverty. But this same technology signed to enable the United Nations effec The possibility of establishing an inter ironically may be mankind's undoing. I tively to meet any crisis with a minimum of national police force is a particularly perti need not remind an audience like this of the delay. nent and timely topic for the troubled times potential destructiveness of modern terror The Congress of the United States also is in which we live. Perhaps never before in weapons made possible by new energy and on record as approving in principle the cre the history of the world has there been means of transporting energy discovered by ation of a peace force. In the last session, a greater need for calm, objective, and broad science. We should not blame science, but concurrent resolution was adopted express minded thought on this possible avenue for recognize that science is neither a savior nor ing the sense of the Congress that consid helping to achieve a more just and secure a demon, but a source of power which can eration should immediately be given by the international order. We must search with be used for good or ill. The basic problem United Nations to the development, within imagination and foresight for the answers is political and moral, not technical. its permanent structure, of such organiza to the enigmas of world peace. Today we 2. We have heard a great deal of the revo tions and procedures as would enable it show too little of either quality-at a time lution of rising expectations in the eco promptly to employ suitable U.N. forces for when we stand in desperate need of both. nomically less developed and politically non such purposes as observation and patrol in The time is running short. Each new committed countries of Asia and Africa. situations that threatened international crisis brings us closer to the potential hor The destiny of these people who are striving peace and security. I strongly endorsed this rors of a World War III. The next inter for or celebrating their independence may resolution as a demonstration of this Na national brush fire may set off that world determine the destiny of the world within tion's willingness to explore all means for wide conflagration if the nations of the the next generation or two." Not everyone in preserving world peace, and I am happy to world do not rise to the occasion. the free world has grasped the political and note that it won overwhelming support in A permanent United Nations police force moral significance of the ferment in these both Houses. provides a new, decisive means by which the vast areas, but we can be sure the leaders The operations and experience of the nations of the world which sincerely believe of the Soviet Union have. United Nations Emergency Force in the Gaza in peace can provide the machinery to quar 3. The third massive reality is the Com Strip demonstrates the purpose a peace force antine regional conflicts and thus better in munist challenge itself. Modern technology can serve. It also demonstrates the many sure their solution. I urge this great or and the upheaval in Asia and Africa would problems involved in any such undertaking. ganization, which is dedicated to the themselves be sufficient cause for a world The Secretary General's excellent report to strengthening of the United Nations, to work crisis. But the crisis is compounded by the the General Assembly on the operations of for this goal. It is one of the strong, sure existence of an aggressive and expansive UNEF gives us a significant case history of ways of making the United Nations the in political religion whose ultimate goal is the use of such a force from which many strument for peace which all men of good world conquest. The high priests of world guiding principles can be derived. will hope and pray it will become. communism prefer to attain their goals I find myself in disagreement, however, without nuclear war if possible. But they with the conclusion of the Secretary General have not ruled out either limited or total that the nature of the actual organization war if that seems necessary or expedient. required should not be anticipated in ad We make a great mistake, perhaps a fatal vance. In my opinion, the effectiveness of The Challenge of the Soviet mistake, if we think of the Communist chal such a force would be enhanced by its estab Economic Offensive lenge as exclusively a military challenge, or lishment on an ever-ready, permanent basis. even primarily a military threat. The chal This is the only way to guarantee its imme lenge of communism is military to be sure, diate availability in the event of a crisis. EXTENSION OF REMARKS but it is also economic, ideological, political, The force must be operated at all times un OF and, in its deepest sense, it is religious. I der the strict and direct control of the United say it is religious because the distorted Com Nations. But we cannot afford the delay HON. HUBERT H. HUMPHREY munist view of man and the world challenges which would result from bringing it into OF MINNESOTA the fundamental precepts of our Judea being only after the outbreak of hostilities Christian value system. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES and the resolution of all political decisions. THE EXPANDING SOVIET ECONOMY The recent situation in the Near East dem Wednesday, March 25,1959 Today I want to confine my remarks to the monstrated the tremenrious need for a per Soviet economic offensive. But I want to do manent peace force ready to move into action Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, on February 12 it was my priviledge to ad this within the framework of the many instantly at the request of a member govern faceted Communist challenge and the larger ment threatened by outside aggression. dress the Economic Club of South world crisis. In a world contracted by speedy communi western Michigan in St. Joseph, Mich. It is one of the great ironies of American cations, in a world in which even the smallest The theme of my address was "The history that today we are being given a run nations possess the terribly destructive weap Challenge of the Soviet Economic Of- for our money by the expanding and dynamic ons of modern war, any international dis fensive." economy of a country which only a few short turbance--however localized-can spread like I ask unanimous consent that this ad years ago we thought of as backward. This a plague and present an immediate threat to is a spectacle as humorous as the fabled world stability. The only feasible answer to dress be printed in the CONGRESSIONAL tortoise and hare. Before sputnik streaked this challenge to the peace of the world is RECORD. across the heaven, we assumed that we were to provide a U.N. force capable of so spread There being no objection, the address the biggest, the fastest growing, and strongest ing a U.N. mantle over an embattled state was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, economy in the history of mankind. And we as to inhibit-if not directly to prevent-a as follows: were. We became smug and complacent. We coup d'etat, infiltration by indirect aggres refused to believe in increasing signs of sion, or other untoward pressures from out THE CHALLENGE OF THE SOVIET ECONOMIC growth in Soviet technology and productive side the nation, such as we witnessed in the OFFENSIVE capacity. The hare would win the race, Near East. Today the world is confronted by a pro paws down. We could stop for a short siesta A United Nations police force need not be found crisis, a crisis in which the cherished under a sycamore tree and the poor tortoise, a huge, all-powerful army. It might not values of western civilization are challenged weighted down by the hard shell of socialistic number more than 50,000 or 60,000. It might as never before. controls, would not have a chance. perhaps be found best to establish a firm We hear the word "crisis" repeated again But while we slept the turtle plodded on, nucleus at all times centered under one com and again in the screaming headlines about unnoticed an SENATE for meditation upon the meaning of His MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT passion. Help us to see the purpose Messages in writing from the President which Thou hast set for us; then grant THURSDAY' MARCH 26, 1959 us the power to follow its course with of the United States submitting nom steadfast courage and loyalty. If fol inations were communicated to the Sen The Senate met at 10 o'clock a.m. ate by Mr. Miller, one of his secretaries. Dr. Lawrence Daniel Folkemer, pastor, lowing Thy purpose should bring us, Lutheran Church of the Reformation, Lord, to some Calvary of criticism and Washington, D.C., offered the following rejection, still make us faithful to en dure, knowing that Thy truth is vindi EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED prayer: cated in the joy of an open tomb. We are not unmindful, 0 God, of this Through Jesus Christ, Our Lord, Amen. As in executive session, week in which we move, a week hallowed The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be by the memories of one who in obedi fore the Senate messages from the THE JOURNAL ence to divine truth and righteousness, President of the United States submit and in utter self-sacrifice, spent Him On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and ting sundry nominations, which were re by unanimous consent, the reading of self for mankind. Grant, 0 God, that ferred to the appropriate committees. in the busyness of this week, our minds the Journal of the proceedings of may not become so preoccupied with our Wednesday, March 25, 1959, was dis