The Observer NOV. 1, 1963

A Journal of Free Voices A Window to The South 25c

The Politics of Poll Tax Repeal

Texas politics now is the politics of poll varied to some extent with the politics of the various political campaigns; it is the tax repeal. Local committees laden with the recipients. thought of the liberals that if these work- distinguished and respectable names are Connally held two press conferences last ers win repeal Nov. 9 they can keep on being announced all over the state to work week without bringing up the poll tax (re- going through the primaries and Novem- for repeal. Opposition is appearing on a districting was very much on his mind) ; ber, 1964. last-minute basis. The Belden Poll showed if he spoke of the poll tax in his speech in 51% support for repeal against 43% op- Amarillo Oct. 24, reporters did not note posed, with the outcome' Nov. 9 depending the fact. Lt. Gov. Smith says the voters WORKERS FOR REPEAL have on turnout. Persons close to the repeal may reject repeal because of Crystal City. been coping with talked-around reasons for campaign have become more optimistic re- Vice President Johnson has spoken out for retaining the tax, trying to squelch these cently than they were but they are still repeal, but has not stumped for it, as some reasons before they become runaways. For "running scared." hoped he would. instance, it was heard that the argument The leading Texas officeholders are all Sen. Yarborough had as his guest over was gaining ground that repeal would hurt on record for repeal, except Lt. Gov. Pres- his radio program, heard on 130 Texas sta- public school financing. Therefore, D. Rich- ton Smith, who has not committed him- tions, Cong. Jack Brooks, Beaumont. They ard Bowles of Austin, former president of self. had this exchange: the Texas State Teachers' Assn., issued a Vice President Johnson says the poll tax Brooks: ". . . the Democratic members statement that it would not—that under is "the shame of Texas." Senator Ralph of the House are proud of our senior sena- the law, "anything a school district lacks Yarborough says, "The poll tax should go tor for a good many reasons. But one of the toward its minimum (financial) program the way of the ducking stool and the whip- most important is your co-authorship of will be automatically made up from the ping post." Sen. and Cong. Ed the proposed amendment [to] abolish the minimum foundation fund," and that in Foreman, Odessa, both Republicans, sup- poll tax requirement to vote for all federal any case "the poll tax proVides about three- port Texas repeal of the poll tax Nov. 9, officials. . . ." tenths of one percent of the state aid to conditioned only by enactment of a work- Yarborough : [If Texas does not abolish the local schools." able voter registration system (they said at its poll tax but the federal repealer passes,] Reaction among Anglo-Texan voters the Corpus Christi GOP conclave they had "The.voter in Texas would need a Philadel- against the civil rights movement has led not evaluated the one that has been passed phia lawyer to figure out where he would to some opposition to repeal. To try to and would take effect in the event of re- have to go to vote and what he would have cope with this, specifically in rural East peal). The third top Republican, Cong. to vote on when he got there. . . ." Texas, Bill McIntyre, city commissioner of , , is also for repeal Nov. Brooks: "I think it's more logical in a 9. Gov Navasota and a businessman, as well as the . warns of "chaos"— democracy to tax a person for not voting giver of a party during Ralph Yarborough's two ballots, two poll lists, two voting than to levy a tax on him so he can qualify weekend in Austin attended by many sup- places—if Texans don't vote for repeal to exercise his free choice in an election." porters of Don Yarborough for governor, Nov. 9. And the governor, who warned of Yarborough: "We levy taxes here to has been telephoning around bloc voting as an issue that menaces repeal, keep a man from voting. I am absolutely arguing for repeal. In a news release, he has since said that anyone who doubts that opposed to the poll tax. It is inconsistent in was announced as the chairman of the he is for repeal just doesn't understand a democracy. I am for abolishing the poll "Rural Texans for Poll Tax Repeal Com- words—he is for repeal. So are many other tax Nov. 9." mittee." congressmen, and senators and representa- Don Yarborough—whom the Houston tives in the legislature, who have stepped Chronicle declares is certain to oppose An example of the local melodrama that forward so to say. Connally next year—has been orating all is being played out on the issue comes from The question of working for repeal is over the state for repeal: he says Nov. 9 Fort Worth. Probate Judge A. L. Crouch, quite another thing. The League of Women is the most important election in 100 years. a staunch Democrat, decided to press his Voters, whose special project repeal has The Democratic Coalition—labor, lib- fellow officials on the question. Accompa- been, has taken an active, forward role in erals, Negroes, mexicanos — are now work- nied by members of PASO and the unions, the formation of the local committees for ing all-out for repeal. Their basic plan is the he called on a group of officials to speak repeal. The state Republican Party is not use of block workers, each one responsible up, then and there, for or against repeal, doing anything. Connally wrote the mem- for 20 voters, to turn out voters for repeal and sign or fail to sign a petition for re- bers of the State Democratic Executive among Negro and Latin-American voters peal. The sheriff, , four Committee and asked them to set up local in 15 selected urban areas. More than 800 district judges, a county commissioner, the committees to work for repeal, even though such workers have been signed up in Dal- mayor pro-tern, two state representatives, the League may have set them up locally, las, compared to just 150 or so in Corpus the tax assessor-collector and county treas- too. (The danger is not too much work for Christi; the goal one hears mentioned urer, the county Democratic chairman, and repeal, but too little, he said.) The inten- statewide exceeds- 10,000. These workers the state Democratic committeeman and sity of the response to these letters has will be called on throughout next year for (Continued on Page 3) Texas do not speak for democracy. On this and question, men and women of many kinds WHAT of politics do speak for democracy—Vice AB OUT President Johnson, Senator Goldwater, Senators Yarborough and Tower, Governor Connally, the League of Women Voters, the groups of the Democratic Coalition. Some of them believe that their party - - • or their cause will gain ground in 1964 because of repeal—and they are probably One of the best reasoned statements of out a price-tag on manhood, without hav- right. Some of them believe that their party the essential reasons for repealing the poll ing to choose, if they are poor, between or their cause will lose ground in 1964 tax has been made by Senator Walter Rich- meat for their children tonight and citizen- because of repeal—and they are probably ter of Gonzales. ship for the rest of the year. right. But they are agreed on the repeal of If the federal amendment to repeal the The handful of crotchety old men who the poll tax, because it is the right thing. poll tax passes, but we keep ours, the sena- have taken their stand for the poll tax in It is democracy, the way we believe in. ❑ tor writes in his newsletter, "we would have to have dual voting booths, registra- tion lists, election judges and watchers, not to mention much higher costs. Gov . not f"4/r. pica Connally has appropriately described such a development as 'chaotic.' To quote from In our opinion, no Democrat should vote or fixers.' " a recent editorial in the Pleasanton Ex- for Jake Pickle for Congress. He is disqual- Later, when Pickle became Price Dan- press, 'We're going to find ourselves in one ified by his past from receiving the votes iel's organization director for the state woollybooger of a mess.' " of Democrats. Democratic committee, that committee "Mainly," Sen. Richter continued, "I'm This man carried water for mounted vicious conservative attacks for poll tax repeal because I do not think in 1950 and was still hauling it for him in against the elements that make up the it is right to hang a price tag on a man's 1954. In 1952, Shivers, although the elected Democratic Party of the country. In its 1957, the Pickle- right to vote in a free society. chief of the Democratic Party in this state, newsletter dated June 17, officially endorsed the Republican candi- run committee specifically called the three "It is clearly impossible, yes humanly date for President and campaigned the chief leaders of Texas labor, as well as impossible, to devise any completely fair state against the Democratic Party that had Negro attorney W. J. Durham, "leftwing" and effective means of separating those honored him. Yet Jake Pickle continued and "extreme liberals." Little wonder the citizens who are competent to vote from right on through 1954 as a professional liberal Democrats refused to send contribu- those who are not. Who, short of God Him- Shivercrat. tions for Pickle's committee to handle, self, can fully fathom the working of the In 1954, in fact, the PR firm in which adopting the motto: "Dollars for Demo- human mind and spirit? Pickle was a member agreed to handle crats, but notl nickel for Pickle." "In these amazing times a man can hear Shivers' second primary campaign for a As employer representative of the Texas and see and learn many wondrous things flat fee and produced, for Turncoat-Demo- Employment Cmsn., Pickle has led that even though he cannot read or write. If we crat Shivers, one of the most scurrilous, agency's work in cutting down the rights truly fear such men, let us double our re- cheapest, most demagogic tricks in the his- of jobless workers, and he went to Wash- solve to eliminate illiteracy. tory of Texas politics, the "Port Arthur ington to lobby against their interests. "I remember being taught that the basic story." This mish-mash of anti-unionism Central Texas Democrats do not want strength of our American government de- and Red scare was just enough to get Shiv- this professional Shivercrat representing rives from the fact that it is a government ers back in office. them in Washington. There might be a case of, for, and by the people. No one ever sug- In 1955, Bill Brammer, the Observer's as- for Republicans voting for him, if they gested that this meant just some of the sociate editor at the time, interviewed Pic- didn't have a candidate in the race—there people," said the good senator from South kle and reported that the agency with might be anyway, considering Jim Dobbs' Texas. which Pickle was associated "claims credit recent propaganda work for H. L. Hunt of As the Jacksonville Daily Progress, over for the mechanics [of the Port Arthur Dallas. But there is no sound case for any in East Texas, said on the same point: story]. 'We're a working organization,' good Democrat voting for Jake Pickle. We "The argument over who should rule said Fickle." Later in the story, Brammer don't know all we would like to about Jack America—all the people or a few—has been quoted Pickle: " 'We're not cut throats,' Ritter ; he sounds like a pretty good Demo- going on since the beginning. Jefferson Pickle told me. 'We're not propagandists crat. ❑ advocated general franchise, while Hamil- ton advocated rule by the landed gentry. The whole political history of America is wrapped up in this same subject. If, in- pirtiono Are not CrinteJ deed, all men are created equal, they have O a right to participate in their government The Stanford case calls for certain reaf- reasonable basis for conjecture whether he on an equal basis." firmations. In a free society, no man can has or has not committed subversive acts; The vote on Saturday, November 9th, is but in such a case, as in any case in a na- about democracy. Either we do believe in be punished by the government because of tion of laws, a jury of the man's peers— it, or we do not. Conservatives, liberals, the opinions he holds. If these opinions are not a body of politicians—is the judge of Democrat s, Republicans, moderates, communist, still, he is entitled to them; his guilt or his innocence. If the govern- schmoderates: on November the 9th, de- with Jefferson, we hold that error of opin- ment has evidence that a specific person mocracy is looking down our throats. ion may be tolerated where reason is left has himself committed acts that are de- As we go to press, we hear the growlings free to combat it. We agree with former signed to overthrow the government by of the Hamiltonians of our state and our President Truman that the law which de, force and violence, its proper course is to time: General Weatherred, Rep. Horace fines membership in the Communist Party present this evidence to a grand jury, and Houston, Sen. George Parkhouse. They as per se subversive and punishable by if an indictment is secured, to have a jury pace their Adolphus Towers and their Tur- criminal penalties constitutes suppression decide if he is guilty or not, and have him tle Creek mansions and proclaim that the of political opinion, and is therefore offen- bear his punishment if he is guilty. When- people have no right to vote, one man— sive. to the civil liberties of the people. Ob- ever, and just to the extent that, a society one vote, on the issues of the times, with- viously in these days and this country, a makes an opinion criminal, it is not a free 2 The Texas Observer man's joining the Communist Party is a society. ❑

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(Continued from Page 1) federal elections, but was required in elec- woman signed. Their names were to ap- O PPOSITION was mounted late tions for state officers. He refers to "easily pear on an ad for repeal. but seemed to have begun clustering last understood election procedures" in this Another interesting byplay occurred in week. Still, the significant public oppon- eventuality. He warns that with repeal and Dallas. Maurice Carlson, former Dallas ents of repeal could be counted on the fin- voter registration, voters can be "blocked, GOP chairman, actively supports repeal. gers of one hand at our press time. They herded, brow-beaten, to vote in accord- In a letter, Carlson urged state GOP chair- are State Rep. George Hinson of Mineola ance with the dictates of their political man Peter O'Donnell to "take a strong and and State Sen. George Parkhouse of Dallas, bosses." vigorous position" for repeal. This O'Don- both Democrats; State Rep. Horace Hous- Rep. Hinson, a moderate, from an East nell has not done, preferring to cite the fact ton of Dallas, GOP candidate for lieuten- Texas district, however, was the first poli- that the leading GOP officeholders are on ant governor, and Frates Seeligson, Bexar tician to speak out against repeal this sum- record for repeal. County GOP chairman; and Gen. Preston mer. He says there is "no excuse" for re- Carlson stated, in his letter, that in San Weatherred of Dallas. peal, questions the validity of the 25-cent Antonio, Sen. "said that Weatherred mails out conservative analy- fee for voter registration, and argues that if he were a Texan and had the opportunity ses of legislators' voting records to "in- the revenue loss would not be minor. to do so on Nov. 9, he would vote for repeal terested parties." On Oct. 21, Charles E. Parkhouse called the papers and went of the poll tax in this state." Carlson may Simons, the Dallas oilman who is a spokes- down to the courthouse to pay his poll tax. have been writing from press reports; in man for the major oil companies, wrote to (Austin Report doubted the validity of Goldwater did reaffirm his "Dear Friend," on his personal letterhead, that payment: Senate records show Park- support of the federal repeal of the poll tax, that Weatherred's analysis of the poll tax house to be 64, four years past the age aft- but when the Observer asked him if he fa- was being mailed. Upon request, Weather- er which voters are exempt from it.) Park- vored Texas repeal, he said this was for red provided the Observer with a copy of house warned of dishonesty in voting at Texans to decide. In any event, O'Donnell his mail-out against repeal. "two bits a head" and of "irresponsible did not hasten into the battle for repeal. It is an all-out attack on the Democratic' bloc voting." He spoke of a "groundswell" Coalition. Weatherred says that "idealisti- against repeal and said "most of the respon- Percentage by states of persons of voting cally, no great issue can be taken" with the sible people of Texas want to keep the poll age who cast ballots in the 1960 presidential position that the poll tax is ."an immoral tax." Denying the tax is anti-Negro, he said election (the five remaining poll tax states, it's a head tax to support the schools. capital letters; the six former Confederate deprivation of the citizen's inherent right states that have abolished the poll tax, to vote," but that "a means, however well- Republican Houston says all we'll get is asterisks): intentioned, to evil ends, itself becomes a 25-cent poll tax if repeal prevails. Actu- Per Cent Rank Rank ally, though, Houston's opposition is frank- 1960 1956 evil." Voting ly political. "Left-leaning politicians will 63.66 • • • • • • • • With repeal, Weatherred says, the lib- The States: erals can elect their people-- gain a considerable advantage through the 80.64 1 1 Idaho Johnson electors, Ralph and Don Yarbor- use of poll tax repeal to mass-vote unin- Utah 80.12 2 3 formed minority groups" and thus control ough, and other liberals-and can then at- New Hampshire 79.35 3 9 virtually every election," he says. "A vote North Dakota 78.30 4 22 tain their goals, which Weatherred speci- South Dakota 78.06 5 11 fies to be repeal of the right-to-work law, to repeal is a vote for the far left and Ken- 6 12 West Virginia 77.37 requiring only one voter's registration in a nedy." When he announced for lieutenant Minnesota 77.06 7 20 governor he said it just as clearly: repeal voter's lifetime, a state wage and hour law, Connecticut 76.86 8 2 "will help the liberals more than anyone Indiana 76.85 9 7 reduction or elimination of the general 76.08 10 4 sales tax and its replacement with a cor- else." 75.73 11 8 porate income tax and "a radically gradu- Rep. Houston spoke of setting up a state Rhode Island 75.18 12 5 wide organization, and with Weatherred Iowa 74.93 13 6 ated personal income tax," and a state Wyoming 73.68 14 17 civil rights measure that would make pend- entering the fray beside him, there is a Wisconsin 73.44 15 24 ing federal legislation look "mild." strong likelihood of a vigorous last-week Delaware 73.40 16 14 campaign against repeal. Maine 72.63 17 30 Weatherred denies confusion would re- ❑ Michigan 72.44 18 25 sult if the poll tax was not required for November 1, 1963 3 Washington 72.29 19 23 Vermont 72.29 20 18 Oregon 72.22 21 19 71.82 22 15 THE TEXAS OBSERVER 71.73 23 21 A Journal of Free Voices Montana 71.46 24 10 Nebraska 71.44 25 32 Colorado 71.38 26 16 Vol. 55, No. 24 7'S November 1, 1963 Ohio 71.27 27 27 Pennsylvania 70.52 28 29 Editor and General Manager, Ronnie Dugger. with the enterprise shares this responsibility Kansas 70.27 29 13 Partner, Mrs. R. D. Randolph. with him. Writers are responsible for their own work, but not for anything they have not them- California 67.36 30 34 Business Manager, Sarah Payne. New York 67.00 31 26 selves written, and in publishing them the edi- Contributing Editors, Bill Brammer, Chandler tor' does not necessarily imply that he agrees 63.77 32 31 Davidson, J. Frank Dobie, Larry Goodwyn, Kentucky 63.71 33 35 with them, because this is a journal of free Franklin Jones, Lyman Jones, Jay Milner, voices. 62.07 34 33 Willie Morris, Charles Ramsdell, Roger Shat- Nevada 61.14 35 28 The Observer solicits articles, essays, and tuck, Dan Strawn, Tom Sutherland, Charles creative work of the shorter forms having to Maryland 57.18 36 36 Allan Wright. 54.37 37 do in various ways with this area. The pay 37 Charles Erickson. *North Carolina 53.53 Staff Artist, depends; at present it is token. Please enclose 38 39 Contributing Photographer, Russell Lee. return postage. Unsigned articles are the edi- Hawaii 53.16 39 .. Subscription Representatives: Austin, Mrs. tor's. *Tennessee 50.26 40 40 Helen C. Spear, 2615 Pecos, HO 5-1805; Dallas, The Observer is published by Texas Observer • 50.00 41 38 Mrs. Cordye Hall, 5835 Ellsworth, TA 1-1205; Co., Ltd., biweekly from Austin, Texas. En- Alaska 49.19 42 .. 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(This chart should have run with Henry The editor has exclusive control over the edi- Telephone GR 7-0746. Gonzalez' article last issue, but was not hecause torial policies and contents of the Observer. Change of Address: Please give old and new of an editorial oversight.) None of the other people who are associated addresses E1,nd allow three weeks. The Governor and a Hornet's Nest

Austin tricts of the state, the Houston court ma- However, if the legislature does the re- districting, those Texas congressmen, Re- Until Gov. John Connally strode into a jority ruled, vary from 216,000 to 952,000 voters to the detriment of the interests of publicans and Democrats, who vote against clutter of reporters and cameras in his re- President Kennedy's key legislation ordi- ception room last week, congressional re- the voters of such big cities as Dallas, Houston, San Antonio: and Fort Worth. narily could expect to be protected. districting was just another political sub- A rural anti-Kennedy Democrat like ject in Texas, obfuscated by the other com- Five Houston Republicans filed the Hous- ton lawsuit that resulted in the court order. John Dowdy of Athens would not expect plexities of the times and its own multi- to be worried by the addition of more liber- syllabic name. But by the time the gover- Peter O'Donnell, the state Republican chair- man, contends that if Goldwater is the GOP al counties to his district. Even if San nor finished making his statement on the Antonio got another congressman, liberal subject in his anteroom, it had become a presidential nominee next year, Republi- cans could win more than half the state's incumbent Gonzalez might find himself major political issue for next year, stark running for re-election partly in San An- 23 seats in statewide elections. and partisan. tonio and partly in Republican counties Two federal judges in Houston had pro- Having to run at large next year would near the city. Last session State Sen. claimed the Saturday before, as a principle especially endanger incumbents from small Franklin Spears, San Antonio, drew a line of American constitutional government, rural districts in East and . It dividing Dallas into two districts that that "members of Congress are to be elected has not escaped the attention of liberal would have given liberal and moderate on the basis of population and nothing Democrats that some of their leaders in Democrats a shot at one of the two seats else." They said that all Texas congressmen the major cities might have better chances from Dallas, but whether the legislature must run for election in the state as a whole in statewide contests than conservative would go along with this would depend on next year if redistricting is not accomplish- rural incumbents. In fact, liberal Demo- a change in its temper from 1963. The ed by the filing deadline for the primaries, crats went forward to key Texas Republi- politics of a third congressman from Hous- February 3. cans and discussed the implications of a ton likewise might depend on how the The Houston order rattled the Connally redistricting lawsuit before the Republi- legislature drew the lines for the who control the Texas political cans filed one. districts in Harris County. power structure and do not want the situa- The idea of redistricting mainly on the tion broken open any sooner than abso- T STANDS TO REASON that basis of -population never had a chance in lutely necessary. Before the press, the gov- the conservative, rurally-weighted legis- ernor took his stand against redistricting Connally would prefer calling a special session to risking the toll of conservative lature earlier this year. The House-passed on the basis of "population and nothing bill would have juggled some counties else," specifically mentioning social and Democratic congressmen that statewide congressional elections might take. around and created a new district in South political considerations as other factors in Texas. The Senate bill, the one that most representation. He seemed to accuse the Generally, the 21 Texas Democrats in Congress vote about 50-50 on key Kennedy nearly passed, would have made only one two judges of having been motivated by important change: it would have given the the desire to elect more Republicans to programs. This year nine of them support- ed the $585 million House cut in foreign state's one at-large seat to Dallas. Since Congress. He said he would not call a spe- Dallas is the most conservative metropolis cial session until he has tried every other aid, which was a severe setback to the Ad- ministration ; they split, ten to eight, in Texas and has militant Republican Bruce legal remedy. He and Atty. Gen. Waggoner Alger representing it in Congress now, the Carr began seeking a stay of the Houston against the Democrats' $1.2 billion college aid bill; six of them voted against Ken- Senate bill was stalled to death the last court order. night of the session by liberal, moderate, Connally had been confident that he nedy's tax cut, and four of them were honored by the right-wing Americans for and even some of the conservative Demo- could delay redistricting until the 1966 crats. elections. The majority of the special three- Constitutional Action for voting as cast- iron conservatives. Such congressmen as The tory Democrats had all their eggs man federal court in Houston, however, deposited, by Connally and Carr, in one reasoned that they could not wait for the Wright Patman of Texarkana, Henry Gon- zalez of San Antonio, and Jack Brooks of basket labeled "delay." Carr asked U.S. U.S Supreme Court to provide them guide- Supreme Court Justice for a lines in pending cases, because if they did, Beaumont most frequently support the Ad- ministration. Nevertheless, the Tex as stay of the Houston ruling, and less than Texas voters would not get relief next year a week after the Houston ruling, Black from what the judges called "startling House delegation, 21-2 Democratic, is roughly half pro-Kennedy and half anti- granted it. Since the state has 90 days to discriminations" and "spectacular" dispari- file its appeal, Black's ruling makes it less ties. Kennedy. It can be argued that redistricting on the likely than before that the Houston court's The facts are well known to Texas legis- order will be effected. If the state delays lators, who earlier this year falied to re- basis of population would make the Texas delegation more liberal, and this might be filing its appeal up toward the end of Janu- district despite them. They are well known, ary, presumably the most the court could also, to Gov. Connally, who did not make the case, given repeal of the poll tax and growing political organization in the cities. do would be to order statewide elections. redistricting a part of his must legislation Gov. Connally told a hastily convened press earlier this year, but who said last week In a shorter run, Republicans might well stand to gain the most, since they would conference the day Black's order was that he would not deny that redistricting handed down that the stay "might give us is called for. "All we want is the time to have a chance to exploit new situations in shaken-up districting patterns. time to work out redistricting in an orderly do it," he said. fashion" and that he is assuming that the Texas is now the fourth most populous Gov. Connally, addressing 825 persons at Supreme Court will not interfere with an state in the union, and redistricting it can an appreciation dinner in Amarillo Oct. 23, election in progress. There may be a ques- be expected to have effects that will be felt vowed that he would not "stand by while tion whether the congressional elections of even in the sponge-like American Congress. Texas' authority is taken away by a federal 1964 will be "in progress" should the high Populations in the state's congressional dis- court or any other agency," UPI reported court choose to rule on the state's appeal 4 The Texas Observer from Amarillo. before Feb. 3; that remains to be seen. modified it to exclude the Nov. 9 election Connally was defended by Dallas Cty. THE TWO JUDGES who enunci- in a statement to the press, which the gov- Judge Lew Sterrett, who said the governor ated the "population and nothing else" ernor called "unheard of." "will save Texas taxpayers thousands of ruling are Circuit Judge John R. Brown dollars" by averting the special session. and District Judge Joe Ingraham, both POLITICIANS' public reactions Cong. Patman favored appealing the deci- Eisenhower appointees. Judge James Noel, to the governor's position were generally sion and thought the high court would not the dissenter, was appointed by President critical and in a few cases severely so. Few act on it in time to change the 1964 situa- Kennedy. rushed to Connally's defense; many, of tion. Cong. Omar Burleson, Anson, a con- Connally took Brown and Ingraham many political complexions, did, to the servative Democrat, had anticipated Con- apart as Republicans.. He called them "these judges'. nally's charge of political motivation by Republican judges," "this two-man special Republicans, who saw in the episode an saying, as to the court's 2-1 Republican- court," and "the Republican special court." Opportunity for slicing some tory Demo- Democratic composition, "it does look ra- Sometimes it was not clear whether the crats away from Connally into their party, ther strange." governor was castigating the judges or represented Connally as a foe of fair re- Connally had these defenders among in- Republicans in4 general. He spoke con- districting who had impugned the integrity cumbent Democrats, but he had almost temptuously of "the utopia so eagerly of a federal court. none at all, even among conservative office- sought by our Republican friends and these George H. W. Bush, GOP candidate for holders, in Houston. Cong. Bob Casey, con- Republican judges." He recalled that "the the U.S. Senate, said the governor had made servative, and Albert Thomas, who is pro- bill sponsored by the Republicans in our a "vitriolic," "mean, personal attack" on union and pro-business on the basis of a last legislative sesion would have merely the judges. Republican state chairman Pe- complex voting record, both opposed ap- given the present at-large member to Dallas ter O'Donnell said Texas is one of the worst pealing the ruling and favored a special County." He said the only emergency session. Conservative State Reps. W. H. demand for redistricting came from "a few Miller, Herbert Shutt, Henry Grover, F. militant Republicans with obvious self- Lee Duggan, Willis J. Whatley, and Donald interest involved." K. Shipley all took the position that a spe- The governor's attacks ramified into cial session is required. Rep. Paul Floyd, criticisms of the judiciary itself. "I think," Houston, shot off an angry wire to Con- he said, "this is just one more example of nally, that his stand was "shocking and a court attempting to make laws, rather disgusting to me . . . You have deliberately than interpret them. . . . This is but one taken the side of those in this state who example of the confusion and chaos created would perpetuate an evil . . ." Liberal Reps. by hasty actions of an uninformed judici- Bob Eckhardt and Tom Bass defended the ary." judges against the political charge. The principle of basing congressional districts on population and nothing else The Harris County Democratic chair- "has never been announced by any federal man, Bill Kilgarlin, said the politics charge court," and the ruling was an "unprece- was "not only absurd but irresponsible." dented extension of federal power," Con- "To accuse these judges of playing politics nally said. He contended the U.S. Supreme simply because they were appointed by Court has never said a federal court could President- Eisenhower is wrong, and Gov. interfere with judicial redistricting. Connally, as .a lawyer, knows it is wrong," he said. Citizens should applaud the court "It has long been supposed," Connally for upholding the idea that every person's said in the crucial statement of his own po- keuttg vote "should be equal," Kilgarlin said. In sition, "that in addition to a population Suitz the backgrOund is the fact that Kilgarlin count, state legislatures, in drawing con- 7.11 1963 has heretofore been closer to Connally po- gressional districts, can take into account litically than many of liberal Democrats other factors, such as geographical, area, districted states in the union, but "Connal- have wanted him to be. economic, social, topographical, sociologi- ly apparently intends to use the tax monies Hank Brown, state labor president, en- cal, and political considerations." Ad Jib- of all to fight fair and equal representa- tered the fray, too; in a public letter to the bing under questioning, he summarized tion." The GOP chairman charged that the governor, he defended the judges against these factors as "social and political." governor is using the issue as a club to keep the charge they acted politically, said labor He wants the question "left in the hands Texas congressmen in line for Kennedy- was sympathetic with the position of the of our elected representatives, who are an- Johnson next year. The governor "is cast- Republican plaintiffs in the suit, and told swerable to the people every two years, ing doubt on the integrity of the federal Connally that he was the only man who rather than to these Republican judges, judges because they have reached a deci- could prevent chaos in the '64 elections by who are not answerable to anyone for the sion contrary to his wishes," O'Donnell calling a special session. rest of their lives," he said. Two, three, or also said. (One of the "Republican" judges, "We find difficult to understand, also," four special sessions might be required, and Ingraham, was quoted by the AP saying, Brown told Connally, no doubt tongue-in- their cost would be the judges' fault, not "He made some intemperate - remarks. I cheek, "your statement that 'political con- his, the governor said. do not wish to respond.") GOP Rep. Dick siderations' should be taken into account At one point in his conference, Connally Morgan, Dallas, said that the decision when a congressional district is drawn. It dropped the cannonade against the Repub- threatened "the death grip which [Con- has always been our understanding that licans and said, "Now seriously, I'm not nally] and President Kennedy have on the gerrymandering districts for 'political con- willing to throw aside 334 years of experi- Democratic Party in Texas," and Connally siderations' was to be avoided at all costs, ence and seniority of the Texas delegation had screamed "like a wounded banshee." that districting for congressional and legis- in Congress. That's what I'm basically con- The Dallas GOP chairman called the charge lative purposes was a non-partisan mat- cerned about—I'm not too concerned about about politics "a discredit to the high ter." these two federal judges." position of governor" that "borders on an Harris County Judge Bill Elliot, a "What you do," he said, "you throw 23 effort to discredit due process of law." Democrat, said he will seek to oppose Con- seats in a game of Republican roulette up National GOP Committeeman Albert Fay, nally's motions for delays before the high for grabs." Houston, delivered the unkindest cut : "Gov. court and warned Connally he will have to The ruling did not affect the Nov. 9 Connally will have to answer to the peo- answer to Houston voters if he does not election to replace Cong. Homer Thorn- ple of Texas in November (provided he berry, Austin. Connally jumped the judges wins the Democratic primary) for his vig- change course. After his first statement Kilgarlin may on this, too, saying their original order orous opposition to the equal representa- was effective Nov. 1, but that they first tion we Americans so firmly believe in." November 1, 1963 5 have gone into a slow burn, for shortly seriously endanger the chances of the before Justice Black handed down his stay, Democratic Party carrying Texas in 1964," MEANWHILE, the liberal legis- the Democratic chairman of the largest city kilgarlin said. "It is my hope that the lators' lawsuit in Houston for state legisla- in the South broke with the Democratic Democratic voters in the primary elections tive redistricting pends. In this suit, the governor of his state and announced he will call him to task for his systematic federal court will be asked to have the five- will oppose him in the spring primary. attacks upon elements of the Democratic man legislative redistricting board, pro- Party, but most particularly for his shock- vided for in the state constitution, redis- Connally, Kilgarlin said, had embarassed ing conduct. . . . In my opinion, he has trict the state on grounds that the legisla- and brought discredit upon the Democratic ceased to speak for the Democratic Party." ture has failed to do so as and when re- Party by his shocking and irresponsible quired. By this strategem, the plaintiffs action, opposing redistricting. Kilgarlin At his conference in Austin, Connally in this suit hope to circumvent the need said he had worked fairly diligently for said his position had been misinterpreted for a special session and to persuade the Connally last November, but had remained by his critics: he supports re-districting, court to require redistricting of legislative silent too long while Connally "for the past when it can be done in an acceptable way. districts in time for the 1964 primaries. few months attacked every element that He denied implying the Houston court was Attorneys for the plaintiffs hoped to be served to put him into office in 1962, politically motivated—"I say it is Republi- in the courtroom on pre-trial preliminaries specifically labor and minority groups." can dominated, everyone knows that," he this week. averred again. Would the state take all 90 Federal courts have already intervened "It's my feeling that Coy. Connally, by days to file its appeal? It might, he said; in several states to compel legislative re- his repeated course of conduct, would he hadn't talked with Carr about that yet. apportionment. R.D. An Early Hallowe'en in Big D Dallas The Stevenson supporters, who were in on either side whose faces by now weren't When Ambassador Stevenson arrived in the large majority, countered with ap- distorted by fury, was patiently saying Dallas Oct. 24, he was asked by a reporter plause for him that surely must have been over and over, "There's no excuse for bad if he expected a friendly crowd at his heard in Tarrant County. They applauded manners." speech that night. He said, "I don't know everyone on the stage wildly and gavg "Stevenson, that traitor, he makes me why not." That night at his UN Day speech Stevenson several standing ovations. When sick." he faced the radical right of Dallas. Frank McGehee, leader of Indignation Con- "You look it." Nearly 2,000 Dallas citizens who came to ventions, stood up at the start of Steven- "What about Cuber?" hear Stevenson out of curiosity, admira- son's speech and tried to disrupt the pro- "This must be what it was like in Munich tion, or respect for a representative of the ceedings, he was in turn disrupted by boos, during the Beer Hall Putsch." United States government also faced the yells, and a small, elderly man who tried to This is what it was like Oct. 24, 1963 radical right of Dallas. They saw a mob push the much heavier McGehee back in in Dallas, Texas. The poise and personal made of individuals out of the wildest his seat. dignity of Adlai Stevenson throughout were dreams of Charles Addams or Popsy Hunt. Before the program ended the group was amazing. Equally astonishing were the They saw a nadir of courtesy, decency, divided into Friends and Enemies. Friends large numbers of Dallasites who attended and civilized behavior. included not only Stevenson's personal ad- and rallied to his support. This night of shame for Dallas, with its mirers, but also many who disagree with The biggest shock was the naked faces spitting, booing, and placard-hitting, has his ideas but are horrified by hatred and of hate. If the Birchers had not been in been documented in the newspapers and execrable manners. Many of the female the minority, the Stevenson Riot would other media. I, as an ordinary Dallas citi- members of the audience, including me, have had blood as well as spit. Once seen, zen, would like to give some personal im- were torn between fury and fear. Everyone a mob is not easily forgotten. No words pressions to try to capture for others some was excited, angry, 'half or all the way can properly describe the shame, the alarm, idea of what it is like to be part of a mob scared, and many were spoiling for a fight and the ugliness one feels. Let us not cease of people sick in mind and soul. as the group left the auditorium to be to laugh at the radical right, for the sense The evening started normally enough faced by Friends, Enemies, a Bircher pep of humor these people have lost is one of (for Dallas). The picketers out front car- rally, and a group of Cuban refugees ap- their greatest shortcomings. But let us not rying their messages of "UN, Red Front" parently recruiting for an invasion of delude ourselves that they are harmless, and such were mostly ordinary-looking Castro. letter-writing cranks. In Dallas, at least, people, many of them teen-agers. They did Here are some representative faces and they are well-organized, well-financed, wear the grim faces one often sees on voices in the crowd: well-led, dedicated, and dangerous. They, people who want to impeach Earl Warren. Bobby Joiner, Grand Prairie racist, as well as the Communists, are enemies to A variety of printed matter was passed out. wore an Uncle Sam costume with red, democracy. D.E.S. Some of it was rightist; one was a modest white, and blue fes- card from Pepper Garcia, Democrat run- tooning almost every NOTE TO SUBSCRIBERS ning in the up-coming special election. part, of his person. We still get some complaints that the Inside the auditorium the crowd was in- A man hollered, Observer is not reaching some subscribers terspersed with small groups carrying toy "Aren't you fellows until the week after it is dated. It is mailed American flags and aisle-paraders with celebrating Hallowe'en from Austin Wednesday before the date toy American and Confederate flags. a bit early?" of the issue, Friday, and ought to be deliv- After the program started, it was obvi- A man in the grip of ered nearly all places in Texas not any ous, that another well-planned program religious mania kept later than Saturday. We have had excellent was being set in motion. Its ingredients screaming, "Kennedy cooperative relationships with the postal were booing, coughing, laughing, jangling will get his reward in authorities, and we are assured that delays of charm bracelets with tiny bells, the yell- Hell. Stevenson is go- can be righted if our subscribers will send ing of insults, and clicking Hallowe'en to the editor "the name and address and noise-makers. About half-way through ing to die. His heart will stop, stop, stop. the actual time of receipt of any particular Stevenson's speech the Dramatic Exits And he will burn, issue." We shall then take up any difficul- started ; one by one they paraded up the ties with the authorities. It will be a service aisle with loud, muttered comments. burn, burn." A man in a clerical to us if you will communicate with us about 6 The Texas Observer collar, one of the few any such delay. A Number of Unseen Salutes

Austin ing into law the bill establishing the Padre Sen. Paul Douglas, Ill., chairman, joint The Observer did not see, in any of the Island National Seashore Park, and I took economic committee of the House and Sen- many Texas daily newspapers its staff pleasure also in handing one of the pens to ate: "He is a marvelous man and a splen- clips, any quotation, direct or indirect, Ralph Yarborough. did senator and abundantly deserves to be from President Kennedy's significant state- "My fellow Democrats, this is a time re-elected." ment on Senator Yarborough, recorded for when all of us who believe in government Sen. John Sparkman, Ala., chairman, se- the Yarborough dinner Oct. 19, except for for the people, who believe in progress for lect committee on small business: "I have two brief paragraphs in the Fort Worth our country, who believe in a fair chance had an opportunity to know something of Star-Telegram in a story objecting to the for all of our citizens, who believe in the his dedication . . . a fine and devoted public way the statement was released. growth of Texas, who believe in the devel- servant." Yarborough told the throng at the din- opment of the United States as a great Sen. Phillip A. Hart, Mich.: "He is truly ner that Kennedy recorded this message bulwark for freedom, who believe in a one of the indispensable men on our side once, watched the play-back, and decided United States which is second to none in of the aisle." to record it a second time, because, Yar- space, on the sea, on the land, a United Sen. Edward M. Kennedy, Mass.: "He borough quoted the President, " 'it isn't States which stands for progress—all of has become noted for his depth of vision, good enough for the loyal Democrats who'll those—I think Ralph Yarborough stands his enlightened spirit and his hard work be there. It ought to be the best.' " The with them. for the benefit of the people. Texas could message was delivered with a film of the "And it's a pleasure to salute all of you have no better representative of all its President speaking it. The film was pro- who are working with Ralph Yarborough finest traditions." jected onto a huge screen that was dropped to make a better state and a better country. If any Texas daily newspaper quoted from above the head table on the the "Thank you." from any of these letters on Yarborough, President spoke earnestly and with feeling. the Observer did not see the quotations. Here is the transcription of what he said : THE PRESIDENT'S message "I am delighted to have this opportunity THE YARBOROUGH program to join all of you in paying tribute to our was printed in the program for the dinner. So were letters on Yarborough from a num- also included a written salute from J. mutual friend Ralph Yarborough, the sen- Frank Dobie, the writer: ior senator from the state of Texas. Ralph ber of senators who were not present. Ex- cerpts from these: ". . . I have known Ralph Yarborough as Yarborough speaks for Texas in the United friend and man for many years. He is per- States Senate, and he also speaks for our Sen. Mike Mansfield, Montana, the ma- haps the best read man that Texas has nation, and he speaks for progress for our jority leader : "Ralph is a man of vigor, in- ever sent to Washington. His cultivated and people. telligence and integrity, and there is no disciplined mind is always seeking infor- "I could talk about some of the things harder worker, more diligent or conscien- mation on subjects that government must that Ralph Yarborough has done, about his tious member of the Senate. Texas is in- act upon. Like other individuals, he travels. work in education, education for all Amer- deed fortunate to have a man of the caliber in a certain direction, but his mind is not icans, for veterans, for hospital care under of Ralph Yarborough representing it be- closed to facts and conditions warranting social security, for an income tax cut to cause he has showed courage and convic- a change of mind. The power of intellect stimulate our economy and provide jobs for tion on matters in which he believes, and to weigh knowledge and to judge justly is our people, for the nuclear test ban treaty, he has done so regardless of what the ef- his. a step towards peace, for human liberties, fects might be on him personally." "We are all for gain. I myself should not for the goals that bind Democrats together Sen. , Minn., the ma- always promise and vote as Senator Ralph in this state and all over the Union. jority whip: "Ralph is an intelligent man ; Yarborough has promised and voted, but "But I shall mention two items which he is also a tireless worker and a fighter mark this: The only gain he has ever you might remember. for the things in which he believes. As a sought, consistently or inconsistently, has "The first is my recollection of Septem- consequence, he gets things done . . . a sin- been public gain. He does not try to milk ber, 1961, when hurricane Carla struck gularly effective representative of Texas the public for private prone. He seeks the Texas. Before the tidal waves receded . . . a man of sound, mature judgment and good of people. Nor is his consideration of Ralph Yarborough was at the door of the of absolute integrity . . . this warm, good humanity provincial-minded. White House; before the winds died down, man . . ." ". .When values of life—values beyond he was walking in the debris of the battered Sen. Warren Magnuson, Wash., chair- money, values that express civilization, en- cities and towns on the Gulf Coast of Texas, man, commerce committee: "It is my hope lightment and justice for the human race asking, 'What can I do to help?' that the people of Texas will keep Senator come up, we can count on Senator Ralph "Secondly, I remember his fight for the Yarborough in the Senate for many, many Yarborough to stand for those values. bill to establish a national seashore recrea- years to come." "I salute him for his sense of civilized tional area on Padre Island. It's a shock- Sen. Lister Hill, Ala., chairman, labor values, for his sense of justice, for his en- ing fact that this nation, this great country and public welfare committee: "Champion lightened intellect, for his decency as a of ours with over 60,000 miles of seashore, of America's veterans, defender of the human being, and for his integrity." has only a few hundred miles of shoreline working man, the farmer, the young and The Observer did not see this statement actually available for the enjoyment and the old, leader in the struggle for federal by Texas' senior man of letters quoted, or the use of most of our people—for the gen- aid to education, and ardent supporter of referred to, in any Texas daily newspaper. eral public. That's why I took such pleas- every effort to improve the nation's ure on September 28 of last year in sign- health . . . " November 1, 1963 7 Yarborough Clan Girds for 1964 The Yarborough party were greeted at boo. Also, the figure 5,000 was bandied tion in Washington were present, Cong. Austin airport -by a goodly crowd and the around for the recent Daniel and Connally Jack Brooks, Beaumont, and Henry Gon- press. Yarborough's movement away from dinners in the same hall. Leaders of the zalez, San Antonio. Wires had been re- Southern ways was symbolized in his shak- dinner for Yarborough conceded the ca- ceived, Dickinson said, from Cong. Thomas, ing the hand of a Negro greeter there (as terer's figure was correct, but observed Thompson, Roberts, Thornberry, Rogers, well, later, as by the program of his sup- that the caterer's figures for the Daniel Casey, and Poage of Texas (as well as cabi- porters, naming many Negroes). and Connally dinners were several hundred net members Hodges, Udall, and Celebrezze Mike Manatos, special White House as- below those for the Yarborough dinner. and U.S. Sens. McGee, Clark, McGovern, sistant for senatorial relations, "comes to Some inflation of the crowd by speakers is and Morse). represent the White House," Yarborough normal; U.S. Postmaster General John Cong. Brooks said, "We have a man told the press. The senator also introduced Gronouski said 5,000 were at the Yarbor- among us now who lives and works in the the four Senate colleagues who had come ough dinner, and the same figure was proud, the valiant, the progressive tradi- to join in saluting him, describing them as freely used at the earlier dinners. But it tion of Houston, of Hogg and Allred. This the largest group of U.S. senators ever to appears that if theretofore the Connally man's name is Ralph Yarborough." Help- visit Texas at one time: Sens. Frank dinner was the largest seated meal in Texas ing re-elect him will be "one of the proud- Church, Idaho ; Ernest Gruening, Alaska, history, as state Democratic chairman Eu- est investments that we can make in the perhaps Yarborough's closest friend in the gene Locke said it was at the time, the future . . . [He] doesn't need us half as Senate since Estes Kefauver's death; Dan- Yarborough dinner can now claim that des- much as we in this country need him." iel Inouye, Hawaii; and Lee Metcalf, Mon- ignation. tana. Not introduced, but in the party, were "It has always been a pleasure to be for The Rev. John Barclay of Austin's Cen- two staff members of the Democratic sena- Ralph Yarborough," Gonzalez said. "You torial campaign committee. tral Christian Church opened the dinner know, that senator talks like he's from East with a prayer giving thanks for Yarbor- Yarborough stressed, at the airport, Sen- Texas, but he acts like he's from West Tex- ough's "courage to speak, vote, work, and ate passage, and his support, of legislation as, and he rides tall in the saddle like we struggle for causes that are just" and praise to build more medical schools, create a like 'em in Texas. . . . We know what we youth conservation corps and a domestic of God that Yarborough "speaks for many have to do in '64 for Sen. Yarborough." of those who are not articulate." Mayor service corps, give funds to depressed areas, Lester Palmer of Austin, who had led the build more public works quickly, and con- MONTANA'S, METCALF spoke city council into designating Oct. 19 Yar- struct school classrooms. He said put to- highly of Yarborough's knowledge in edu- borough Day, welcomed the crowd and gether these can mean more for the people cation and the orderly development of nat- spoke well of the senator. than either of the two most-discussed ural resources. "The nation needs Sen. Yar- bills, civil rights and the tax cut. The chairman of the salute, Walter Hall, borough," he said. The senators said glowing things about said opposition was expected for Yarbor- Alaska's Gruening, once editor of the Yarborough's effectiveness and courage. A ough next year, in the primary and from Nation, said there's no excuse for the Dem- reporter asked Yarborough about the civil business and Republicans in combination in ocratic Party "unless it's a liberal party, a rights bill, and he said, "I cannot tell you November, but that Yarborough would progressive party, and concerned with the any more than you have read in the press. win. Mrs. R. D. Randolph, Houston, the welfare of all Americans, and not just a It is probably the best reporting we have co-chairman, was given an ovation, and did few." had in the press on any subject." not speak. Dr. Richard 0. Albert, president Yarborough, he said, is "a man of rare Had the Vice-President been invited? of the Texas Ornithological Society, gave courage, of absolute integrity, of compas- Yarborough had called his office, but had Yarborough an award from the society for sion, an indefatigable worker for every not got him; but he was sure the Vice- successfully sponsoring the legislation cre- good cause," and legislative creator of "the President got the message. He assumed ating Padre Island national seashore area. greatest national seashore which we have Johnson was in Boston at a New England Only two members of the Texas delega- and which we'll ever have." His record is rally, where the President was also. Gov. Connally had said he had not been invited; this did not come up. During the afternoon there was a recep- tion for larger contributors. Manatos was exposed, then and later, to anti-Connally remarks. Cliff Carter, the Vice President's man, stuck close to Manatos at the recep- CALHOUN' CiltiNTYi tion. In a hotel lobby, Carter was advised PORT LAVACA by a leader in the Democratic Coalition in NEWEST PORT ‘.1k the presence of a number of people to get • , the message to Kennedy and Johnson that if Yarborough is opposed by someone such as Cong. Jim Wright, they should brace for a hellacious fight in Texas next year, which would not benefit them.

THE ATTENDANCE at the sa- lute to Yarborough was impressive. The caterer told reporters 3,800 places were set, and since only about 200 places were va- cant—way back in the municipal auditori- CALHOUN um, the diners stretching out across the huge hall—the crowd was set at 3,600. This COUNTY seemed lower than expected for two rea- CARAVAN sons. Somebody had predicted 6,000, a boo- —Photograph by Russell Lee 8 The Texas Observer The Crowd at the Salute to Yarborough written in the federal housing, airport, and his magnificent work for the people of Democrats of Texas. These are the loyal highway acts and all the education bills he Texas and for his country." Democrats who carried Texas for the Dem- has supported. This amounted to endorsement for re- ocratic Party in 1960 . . . and will in 1964. When Yarborough is re-elected, Gruen- election by the senior Democratic official You are the shock troops who have done ing said, his GI Bill of Rights will become present. Then came Kennedy's recorded the work. You can see here the idealism of law. "You Texans think you need Ralph message, saying Yarborough "speaks for Texas at its high point in Texas." Yarborough in the Senate. I want to tell progress for our people" and stands with He asked that they be full of knowledge you the nation needs him. He's not merely those who stand for the things the Presi- of the enormity of the task to be accom- a great Texas senator, a great Southwest- dent thinks are good. plished. Eleven years ago, he said, he ran ern senator, he's a great national figure. for governor, and Texas was 29th in edu- Send him back." YARBOROUGH responded cation and 29th in average per capita in- Alaska's Inouye lost an arm in the war. briefly. He thought of an East Texas war come. Eleven years later, Texas is still He was made an honorary Texan in 1944 hero who was feted extravagantly at a 29th in both. "I ask you to rededicate your- for his heroism in Italy in support of Texas' banquet and said as he came away, "If I selves to a greater Texas," he said. 36th Division. Yarborough, he said, is "a hadn't'a read the program I wouldn't'a There was something nostalgic: from great and courageous man" who speaks up knowed it was me." He said the biggest Chief Justice Hughes, about the dream of for unpopular causes, is a dissenter, will honor that can come to him in life is to be a politician, coming together with the kin- "stand up to protect the rights of others, associated with company like the senators, dred spirits who have not become estranged even when the majority is against them." and other men like them in the Senate. or deluded. Then, abruptly, Yarborough Residents of the District of Columbia They had come, he said, not for him, but closed: have no votes, but in that district, Inouye for ideals, because the Democratic Party is "This was better than an obituary. You said, "Ralph Yarborough walks around the the party of hope, reason, and progress. had more time to think about what you slums, meeting people, listening to their Pointing to the throng, he told the guests could say—and I could - hear it so much problems." from other states, "These are the loyal better." R.D. , Inouye remembered, said the greatest praise is to call a man a good man, "it's a simple and a very sincere thing. . . . Ralph Yarborough is a good The Wright Question man." It is unlikely that Cong. Jim. Wright, ceived more accurate statement than in a In Alaska, Inouye said, aloha means Fort Worth, will oppose Sen. Ralph Yar- column by the Star-Telegram's Sam Kinch, hello, and it means goodbye, but most im- borough for the Democratic nomination. to wit: "An 'ideal opponent for U.S. Sena- portant, it means I love you. "So to Opal Wright has been sitting back, listening to tor Ralph Yarborough would be far enough and Ralph, aloha." those urging him to do so, but has noticed to the right to keep conservative Democrats This was the speech that moved them that they are not the folks who ordinarily from going into the Republican primary most. - support him. Many of them, he suspects, and liberal enough to cut into the core of Idaho's Church, after complimenting the don't want him for senator—they are just Yarborough's strength. He's hard to find." meal, especially the Idaho potatoes, said against Yarborough. Most of his regular Yarborough is more interested in people Yarborough's one announced opponent in supporters do not want him to make the the Democratic primary, John Van Cronk- than in power, and that while he is devot- race. ed to the cause of a militarily strong Amer- hite, is far enough to the right, but certain- Despite argumentation by the Fort Worth ly could get no liberal support and is not, ica, he is also dedicated to world peace. Star-Telegram to the contrary, Ray Zauber "That's why the senior senator from Texas so far, taken seriously. The Houston Post commented recently in the Oak Cliff Tri- did not even give the story of his announce- stood up to and spoke up and voted for, bune that Wright has a serious difficulty not against, the nuclear test ban treaty." ment a headline, running it as a "folo" to with conservatives—namely, his liberal vot- a Washington dispatch. Van Cronkhite, as Psotmaster General Gronouski (on whose ing record. Liberals take exception to parts the Observer reported in 1956, handled pub- account postal workers in Dallas, the Dal- of that record; but Wright would have dif- lic relations for Gov.. Allan Shivers and las News reported, had been advised of ficulty exciting the kind of allegiance he openly campaigned for Eisenhower for the dinner, with a suggestion they attend, would need to defeat Yarborough, when president. He is in the public relations busi- by their assistant regional director,) was Americans for Constitutional Action gives ness in Dallas now. He said he had not con- the only speaker from Washington with a Wright only 8% on its scoring of 1963 sulted with Shivers or anyone else about set paper. He commended Vice President votes. Yarborough was given 0%; what, a his announcement. Johnson as a magnificent ambassador, a race between an 8% man and a 0% man? space leader, and chairman of the Presi- Though he has not been directly so quot- Reflecting on this problem, Wright has ed, , Jr., the wealthy Hous- dent's Committee on Equal Employment concluded that the only kind of race he Opportunities. "- ton insurance executive, is widely reported could mount against Yarborough would be to have given up the idea of running He said Yarborough had kept clgse com- a personal, rather raw kind ; and he does against Yarborough. His father opposed his munication with his constituents; fought not want to run it. Mind, there is no love running. The younger Bentsen made a trip for "the underdog"; makes up his own lost between the two men. The fact that to Austin in mid-October to see the gov- mind, and has never been swerved "by spe- Wright has lent his name to anti-Yarbor- ernor and spent an hour and forty minutes cial pressures or special interests"; and is ough speculation has angered Yarborough; with him. Jon Ford of the San Antonio "a steadfast supporter of President Ken- Wright still has his suspicionings- about Express, who had this story exclusively nedy's programs." He- reviewed Yarbor- Yarborough's role in the U.S. Senate race and stopped Bentsen for an interview be- ough's accomplishments — Padre Island, in which Wright ran third. Wright criti- fore he left the Capitol, quoted Bentsen on education and farmers' bills, enactment of cizes Yarborough in private conversation his hesitancy about running: "The main 15 laws for veterans bearing his name. and lets his associates be quoted slamming reason is that I am pretty busy trying to "Sen. Yarborough is a man who is doing Yarborough. But on one score, an important run an insurance company." things, and who is accomplishing things," one, Wright admires Yarborough: as an ab- the cabinet member said. The Houston Chronicle's Bo Byers was solutely honest and dedicated man. told by a source close to Shivers that an "The American people will not be fooled Wright is ambitious and a savvy politi- emissary from Vice President Johnson went by the radical right's fraudulent brand of cian ; he is young, and 1966 is the Demo- to Shivers about two months ago and en- patriotism," he said. "Ralph Yarborough's crats' get-Tower year. In a related connec- couraged him to run. Shivers denied the views are the direct antithesis of theirs— tion, the Observer understands that Gov. story to Byers, but Byers wrote it anyway. liberal, democratic, and for people. . . . I John Connally has told Wright that he, wish Ralph many more years of success. Connally, won't run for the Senate in 1966. With your help he will be able to continue The conservatives' dilemma has not re- November 1, 1963 9 ci Tower's Cause V Sen. Tower has been felt out about Political Intelligence running for vice-president on a ticket with someone other than Goldwater, but has declined, regarding the Goldwater V It can be stated, without any doubt, `Man, It Looks Like a Real Old-Fashioned cause as the higher one, Bob Hollingsworth that President Kennedy has said in reports to the Times-Herald from Washing- private recently that he wants Lyndon Hallowe'en' ton. Johnson on the ticket with him next year. V Sen. Tower said he had nothing to hide poor Apparently relying on sources just as about the fact that he and Mrs. Tower definite as the Observer's, the Wash- were guests for two days on a cruise as ington Post reported that "it can be said" he made a speech to a trade association and that Kennedy still wants Johnson on the accepted payment of his expenses by the ticket. The Post said, "While his [John- New York Savings Bank Assn. son's] strength in Texas may be less than V The Republican establishment is having in the past, he continues to be so strong a little trouble controlling things the there that the state would be lost to the way they would like to. George Bush is party if he were dumped next year, Demo- their candidate for the U.S. Senate. They cratic politicians believe." figure they can take Dr. Milton Davis, the V But there is a question whether John- Dallas surgeon ; but they mortally fear Jack son may be purged, charged Republi- Cox, the Houston vote-getter, entering the can Sen. Thruston Morton of Kentucky. primary. This, they figure, would attract "There are some funny things going on in a lot of tory Democrats into their primary, Washington," Morton said in Baltimore. and they might lose Bush. Cox continues "The Secretary of the Navy [Fred Korth] turning up at GOP rallies in Houston, run- left town rather hurriedly. Lyndon John- ning Goldwater for president. At one such son's boy Bobby Baker [secretary of the rally last month, he said, "Kennedy must Senate majority] resigned. Now I wonder take the responsibility for racial warfare. if Lyndon is expecting the purge. I - don't He is an instrument of evil, turning Ameri- think Lyndon expects it, but it might hap- can against American." pen." ship. Bobby was the Johnson right-hand V Tarrant County GOP chairman John V Clark Mollenhoff of the Des Moines man not only in the Senate, but in the 1960 Edwards says 1,000 people have volun- Register reported in a copyrighted campaign." teered to work for the GOP in the county story that Korth acknowledged in a court Baker has now formally denied the in the 1964 campaigns. . . . John Knaggs, deposition last year that he was recom- charges against him, which are in effect UP,I Austin reporter, has become the GOP's mended for a business deal in 1955, which that he sold his influence to get vending state PR director. . . . A 20-county East brought him more than $250,000 profit in machine contracts for aero-space contracts Texas rally for Goldwater will be held in insurance stock, by a high official of the and then went back on such an agreement. Tyler Dec. 6. . . . National Y.R. chairman General Dynamics Corp., which got the Donald E. Lukens has finished a tour of controverted TFX contract. The insurance has traced the fact Texas—to Amarillo, Austin, Corpus, Hous- deal was promoted by B. F. Biggers of that Baker's $125,000 home was sold to his ton, and Dallas. Dallas. last partner in May by the mammoth gas Korth wrote, on Secretary of Navy sta- pipeline company, Tennessee Gas Trans- tionery, many letters having to do with his mission Co., and has discovered that the To What Extent? private interests. These found their way deed of trust to the home's current owner V Eugene Locke, state Democratic chair- into the files of Senate investigators. For is not recorded in the District of Columbia man, says, "I don't think there's been an example, in '1962, Korth wrote to an land records office. a drain-out from the Democratic Party official of the Fort Worth bank, Continent- toward the Republican Party. .. . Of course, al National, in which he served as president ACA (vs. ADA) the Republican organization has gotten before he became Secretary of the Navy, stronger. To what extent, I don't know. You that he would have "a little party aboard V Followers of the Americans for Consti- have a Republican Party organization now, the Sequoia," his official yacht, and won- tutional Action (ACA) line will find and Republicans elected. Dallas has a two- dered whether the bank official, other its latest ratings on Texas congressmen party situation. But I think there are a lot friends, and "some extra good customers" instructive; followers of the Americans more Democrats than there are Republi- might be coming through at that time. for Democratic Action (ADA) line will, cans in Texas." In his defense, Korth let it out that he has too, in opposite ways. Considering Texans Locke believes Goldwater would run sold 5000 of his 5200 shares of the bank on selected votes the' first eight months of better in Texas than Rockefeller, but stock, his public service has been so costly 1963, ACA ranks the Texans this way: Rockefeller would get teamster votes, to him. Tower, Alger, Foreman, 100%; Pool, 87; which Goldwater would not. Dowdy, Fisher, Casey, 80; Burleson and Reports from Washington indicated that V Texas Democratic national committee- the Administration, taking into account Kilgore, 67; Mahon, 47; Rogers, 43; Beck- man Byron Skelton, Temple, takes the worth; 40; Poage, Roberts, and Teague, 33; the mishaps as to other Texans in Wash- position that Kennedy can beat Goldwater Purcell, 20; Wright, 8; Thomas, 7; Yar- ington, are reconsidering whether to ap- in Texas and that Goldwater would be the borough, Brook s, Gonzalez, Patman, prove Larry Jones of Dallas as federal easiest GOP nominee to beat nationally. Thompson, Thornberry, and Young, 0. maritime administrator. Jones has been a The old GOP pros are too smart to nomi- supporter of the Vice President's. V Yarborough voted yes, Tower no, on nate Goldwater—they know he'd lose, Skel- V The question of Johnson and Baker the college aid bill as it passed the Sen- ton says. was taken up by Washington columnist ate. Patman let go another blast at the In- V What is the Dallas News up to, with Mary McGrory: "Nobody knows how ternal Revenue Service for not cracking its editorial editor Dick West low- [Baker] feels about his present plight, down on tax-exempt foundations. Gonzalez rating Goldwater on WFAA? West slam- nor if he worries about its possible effect broke his usual liberal stride to oppose the med Goldwater around for saying he on his most prominent patron, Vice Presi- wheat sale to Russia, mentioning the price believes "world government is inevitable," dent Johnson. Theirs was a close relation- of tortillas in Texas. He also called for fed- admitting he would use federal soldiers to eral protection of civil rights demonstrators enforce school integration decisions, favor- 10 The Texas Observer in the South. ing letting more Chinese and Koreans in the country and fluoridating local water want no fences, no barbed wire, no armed COPE is also backing Jones. Bob Arm- supplies, backing off from an immediate guards, to bar Mexicans coming into Texas strong, Jr., made an earnest pitch to Austin reversal of welfare-state trends, and saying to work. But what we are insisting upon, COPE, saying he is opposed to any sales Harry Truman is "one of the greater presi- and what we do want to achieve, is a rise tax and is in favor of industrial safety dents." in living standards not only for the Ameri- legislation, as well as being liberal on race, goor Judge W. N. Stokes of Amarillo, cited can workers, but for the Mexicans who although he is conservative in economics. (in "The Racial Reaction," Obs. Sept. cross into Texas every day to work." Jones, of course, has a liberal voting record 20) as an example of a Democrat Heretofore Texas labor has set itself hard behind him, which gave him the edge with who has become bitterly critical of the against border commuters. Brown said he COPE. The Republican, Wiley Hord, is on Kennedys over civil rights, writes us, "I had received "every cooperation" from the top of the ballot, an advantage in the have consistently voted the Democratic Mexico's labor chiefs in moves to improve large field. One of the candidates withdrew ticket and expect to continue to do so the the lot of Mexican and American laborers. in favor of Clyde (Country) Butter, the rest of my life." Watch this: Brown returns to Mexico City former House reading clerk, leaving 14 In a letter to his son, - which we are in January for more talks. candidates running. authorized to quote, Judge Stokes said the V In Dallas, the GOP has only one candi- Observer did not misquote and was not un- Evans in Valley date running for each of two vacancies, fair to him in its account, but that he saw The turn-out was again modest in the while Democrats are divided among many no substantial inconsistency in his position. Valley Oct. 23 as Roy Evans, state sec- candidates. Conservative Demos are sup- He noted that the publication of his letter retary-treasurer of Texas AFL-CIO, con- posed to be backing John Harrison and to Cong. Rogers castigating the Kennedys ducted more seminars in unionism in John Field, but the Dallas Young Demo- on civil rights was not his idea, but that he Brownsville and McAllen. This, Evans crats stress that no one has been officially consented to its publication because of the blamed on the fear of reprisals for attend- endorsed. Field contends that "Electing a importunations of others. ing. Republican to Austin is like firing a blank After the letter came out, the judge said, He said some things that may become im- cartridge. It makes a lot of noise, but it he was amazed by the "tremendous appro- portant in the evolution of the lower has no effect." bative response"—letters from almost Valley's economy. First, he revealed that V Apparently things are pretty serious every community in his section of the state, 1,000 persons have signed up, apparently for the Dallas Democrats: the Times- telegrams, long distance and local calls, and for subsequent union organizing campaigns. Herald quotes tory Democrat Rep. Ben many comments from passers-by on the Second, he said that labor councils will be Atwell saying: "It's gotten to the point street and in the cafes. It seemed to the formed, will meet in secret if necessary to where Democrats have no alternative but judge that Kennedy will lose the state if he avoid reprisals, and will conduct consumer party unity. I'm to the point where I'll is renominated—but the judge will "vote boycotts of anti-union businesses or busi- make a campaign speech for Bob Eckhardt 'er straight" as he always has. nesses that fire workers for membership against the Republicans." in PASO. A PASO spokesman said PASO V Gov. Connally's politically significant V Politicians began counting their va- appointees recently include Leslie Bur- backs up the unions' organizing plans. "What the Valley needs is a Jimmy cancies before they hatch. - Rep. V. E. nett, trades council figure, to the Texas In- (Red) Berry, San Antonio, said he'll run dustrial Cmsn., and Jack Drake, executive Hoffa, Martin Luther King, and Walter Reuther—all rolled into one," Evans said for the state Senate if Sen. Franklin Spears vice-president of the Lower Rio Grande runs for lieutenant governor. Rep. Don Valley chamber of commerce, to the Good in the Valley. He said that 50,000 Valley workers make less than half a dollar an Gladden and ex-Sen. Doyle Willis made Neighbor Cmsn. . . . U.P.O. state treasurer politically lascivious sounds about the Sen- George Washington, Jr., said in a Washing- hour; some make 13 and 17 cents an hour; "I never visit this valley unless I see truck- ate position now held by Sen. Don Kennard, ton interview that Kennedy is more popular Fort Worth, who would be expected to go to in Texas with Negroes than Connally but loads of workers packed like sardines"; in Brownsville, "almost half" the people live Congress to replace Jim Wright if Wright Connally will be more popular by next ran against Sen. Yarborough. election ; he shrugged off Sen. Yarbor- in hovels, and infant mortality and TB ough's vote for public accommodations as rates reflect the fact. V Much more definite is the decision of "a little bit late." V The dailies discovered that Dave Rep. Joe Cannon, Mexia, to oppse Sen. V The Houston Press has been crusading Shapiro, who formerly worked for Sen. Bill Moore, Bryan, next spring. Do not be like everybody's business against the Yarborough, is working for George Ozuna, surprised if Moore, a veteran survivor of new Texas Wildlife Cmsn. authorizing shell the Crystal City manager. Copious stories the Senate's cynical ways, has lost labor's companies to dredge irreplaceable shell quoting Shapiro contained no surprises. backing. He voted for confirmation of J. reefs in Galveston and Trinity bays. The Ed Lyles to the Texas Employment Cmsn. Press called on Connally "to step in" and Candidates under circumstances which angered some stop his appointees from authorizing it. labor people. g/ Austin PASO endorsed Obie Jones for Whether he did or not, the commission the House in the contest here. Labor's November 1, 1963 11 adopted a compromise order putting off the decision on the matter. V An intermediate appeals court has ruled the gas pipeline tax of 1961 un- constitutional; Atty. Gen. Waggoner Carr will take it to the State Supreme Court on appeal if necessary. Breakthrough V An important break-through in union In recognition of Free Enterprise Week—if else's Freudian slip,) but we are selling the history can be inferred from remarks this isn't Free Enterprise Week, it ought to be; bumper stickers at prices figured on the basis which Hank Brown, Texas AFL-CIO presi- in fact, every week ought to be—the Observer of standard business practices at Barry Gold- is selling "Goldwater in 1864" bumper stickers. water's Arizona store: dent, made in Mexico City at the end of They are a foot long and two and a half inches 4—$ 1.00 discussions there with the top Mexican high, black letters on a sickening yellow-green 10—$ 2.00 labor leaders. background. 100—$10.00 It was agreed, Brown said, that Ameri- These bumper stickers announce the slogan 500—$40.00 for our national salvation. Give them to your 1,000—$80.00 cans and Mexican workers alike on the friends—the movement may sweep the state in Write Box Y (for Yesterday), the Texas Ob- U.S. side of the U.S.-Mexican border should time for the end of the Civil War. The Observer server, 504 W. 24th St., Austin, Tex. Send the get at least $1.25 an hour. "As far as the is not patenting the slogan (it being somebody dough—That's what really counts: (Adv.) AFL-CIO is concerned," Brown said, "we V Rep. Malcolm McGregor, El Paso, has instead of Rep. Charles Whitfield. Whit- ban. "Let us learn both sides," the students a very practical problem about run- field is liberal; Hervey is represented as asked. Next day R. D. Haines, general con- ning for Congress. GOP Cong. , more a moderate. Apparently counsels that tractor in Harlingen, wanted to know : Odessa, is a fierce, persuasive campaigner, Hervey could get more conservative votes "Since when . . . was it given to children to and not only comes out of the Midland- had a bearing. The Harris County Council choose their own destiny?" Odessa matrix with a 10,000 lead, but of (Negro) Organizations, the Harris Coun- V The incoming president of the Texas actually carried El Paso against incumbent ty AFL-CIO Council, and the teamsters' State Teachers' Assn., Mrs. Elizabeth J. T. Rutherford of that city last year. To union backed Hervey, while the Committee Little of Corpus Christi, (who endorses have a fair shot at Foreman, McGregor (or for Better Local Government and PASO total school integration,) says about at- anyone else) would just about have to come backed Whitfield. Then it was made unani- tempts to defeat attacks against the text- of out El Paso with a 10,000 lead to offset mous for Hervey. Incumbent Mayor Lewis book program, "We suggest that the first Foreman's in his Republican lair to the Cutrer is said to have some labor support. battles have been won, but all interested northeast. Rep. Whitfield withdrew. The county labor groups must remain alert to the possibility council, reportedly because of support for of future attacks." V It has become clear that the Dallas Cutrer, voted to "lay off" endorsements. V Madame Nhu came to Texas and left Times-Herald is bent on beating Cong. it as it was. She wowed 6,000 at the Bruce Alger, Dallas, in 1964. The paper University of Texas by complimenting continues to 'lampoon Alger as ineffective The Right Wing them on their football team. Also by declin- and far-out. V About 85 John Birchers have been ex- ing to interfere in our domestic affairs by goof The liberal coalition in Harris County pelled in Houston as anti-Semites, commenting on racial discrimination. At —which has five elements—voted 3-2 Phillip Blair Jones, the society's area coor- millionaire Dudley Dougherty's ranch near to support Robert W. Hervey fOr mayor, dinator, told a Chronicle reporter. In the Beeville, she joined the neighbors (and course of making this revelation, Jones Houston millionaires Wright Morrow and 12 The Texas Observer dropped an interesting detail: .Birchers in Bob Smith) in a posh party—all the men Houston have their "second largest concen- in their cummerbunds, the darkies serving SUBSCRIBE tration of membership in the country." drinks and the mariachis strumming and First: Los Angeles. clicking—with the conversation having to OR RENEW V Rev. Billy James Hargis, right-wing do with just about anything but Viet Nam, Christian Crusade founder, speaks in which some of the guests seeming to think THE TEXAS OBSERVER Austin Nov. 6. was some place down near Cuba. 504 West 24th Street V The Harris County Farm Bureau has Austin 5, Texas endorsed the impeachment of Earl Other Morsels Enclosed is $5.00 for a one- Warren and the withdrawal of the United V The U.S. Senate has ratified a protocol year subscription to the Observer States from the United Nations. These reso- that guarantees that BenJack Cage for : lutions will be submitted to the Texas Farm will not be extradicted from Brazil. Bureau convention in Fort Worth Nov. 10. V Warren Woodward, vice-president of Name V Free-lance textbook scourgers had LBJ Corp. that owns Mrs. L. B. John- Address their say on pending textbooks, and son's KTBC, has become vice president of the State Textbook Committee approved American Airlines and has moved to City, State the only economics book they did not pro- Washington, where he will be in charge of test, and two that they did. Fifteen high the airline's office. –1 This is a renewal. school students in Harlingen petitioned V E. B. Germany, union labor's nemesis This is a new subscription. their school board please not to ban an in East Texas, has retired as board economics textbook the board was about to chairman of Lone Star Steel. What have YOU done to help REPEAL THE POLL TAX? Any first-class historian will tell you November 9th is the most important election day in Texas in decades—for it shapes the entire political environment under which Texans will live in the years ahead. Through the internal communications established among the four "legs" of the Democratic Coalition, a devoted effort to get-out-the-vote is now under way in Democratic precincts for the November 9th elec- tion. As always, this costs money. As an integral part of the liberal community in Texas, Observer readers are asked to help . . . to defray costs of mailings, telephones, printing. You have the security of knowing that any contribution . . . $1 .. . $5 . . . or $25 . . . is going into the most crucial political battle of the 1960's and 'represents the best possi- ble investment in more civilized government for Texas. November 9th is Freedom Day in Texas. It is approaching rapidly. Before it slips your mind, could you sit down right now and write us a check? Students now in school, migrants in the fields, aged persons wasting in inadequate mental hospitals and generations yet unborn . . . all will thank you. We thank you too. (Make check payable to Democratic Coalition, 1710 Rabb Road, Austin, Texas.) laMMOCIRATIC

Albert Pena Hank Brown W. J. Durham Franklin Jones Co-Chairman Co-Chairman Co-Chairman Co-Chairman Political advertisement, purchased by . • •

While this is probably sound theory, I am more inclined to this explanation: that the Observer has a free feeling because the owner, Mrs. R. D. Randolph, believes in and Observations practices the idea that newspapermen ought 44.114•########•••••~•#####••••#•~4~#•####••••••••••••#* to run the newspapers. The editor has by statements, to make himself a public always run the Observer, and made all the Do W e Get the Message symbol of civil rights crusading, one cannot 'decisions about its contents and its edi- torials. Mrs. Randolph would assert her What most impressed me about the sa- fairly say that he is behaving improperly or contrary to principle. He voted accord- prerogative as owner only by firing the lute to Ralph Yarborough was the intense, editor. unmistakably personal conviction With ing to high principle. He also has a specific duty, in his situation, at this place and A. J. Liebling told a Neiman Fellow of which other U.S. senators there urged that my acquaintance that the Observer has a he be re-elected. These were men with time, to do his level best to get re-elected, without compromising principle. I'd say role in the future development of journal- working, daily knowledge of his integrity ism, that it is some kind of return to what and his fearlessness: his honesty and his that in his case, in view of his historic vote, a public statement on civil rights now is a journalism ought to be. If this is true, it is dedication. And this is what, collectively, true because the Observer's newspapermen they said to me that night, through their question of tactics, not of principle. On civil rights, he's right; on testing, he's and writers have found here a journal speeches: through which they can report and speak "Look, Texans, you may think you've got also right, and better and better. Listen to this from his statement on the Senate floor with the kind of freedom that a com- to re-elect this man for your own sakes, munity of scholars is supposed to have. and for the sake of the Democratic Party ; during the oratory on the test ban treaty: what we want to tell you is that the nation "We must base our legislation on our Goldwater in 1984 needs him, and we need him, in the United hopes, rather than on our fears. We must have faith that mankind has the intelli- There's something unfunny about the States Senate—need him to fight the good deluge of orders we've received for our fight, to stand for principles no matter how gence to march into a better future, and not, like a mass of lemmings, plunge over "Goldwater in 1864" stickers. Here is a hard it is to do, to uphold the rights of the letter from Amarillo, written from the people day and night in and out. We must a cliff of no return, to a place of self-des- truction. man's place of wqrk: have him back!" "Please rush me a dollar's worth of And we must send him back. Kefauver's "The treaty is a very tiny light in a very dark woods; let us see if it will light our `Goldwater in 1864' bumper stickers. I gone, and God knows the South needs must cut this short, but I feel I am being statesmen. As a practical matter, this is way through these woods before we put it out." watched. You know how it is here in Ama- probably the one most important thing we rillo, with a John Bircher behind every can do in our own state for our country in In October he made a speech to the Air Traffic Control Assn. in Dallas. "The air- bush there is no room for any communists." 1964: give this man Yarborough six more Well, it is funny. Isn't it? years in the Senate, there to keep on grow- plane was given its first great boost in World War I as an instrument of destruc- The Dallas Times-Herald thought it was ing in wisdom and influence; there to keep joking when it ran a cartoon in advance of on fighting the good fight for us all. tion," he said, "and its development was given another great boost for exactly the Adlai Stevenson's visit to Dallas to speak same reason in World War II. Like the nu- on the U.N. Lyndon Johnson, who was Aid, Race, Peace clear bomb it has served a major role in mobbed by a raucous, insulting crowd there I have been concerned about Yarbor- national security. We have made little in 1960, is patting Adlai on the shoulder ough's wanting to "cut the fat" out of for- progress in making the atom a weapon for and saying, "Be Brave." eign aid, but let us admit that most liberals the good of humanity in time of peace, but But Stevenson did need courage: 75 or so tend to respond reflexively on this subject, at least in [safety control in] the air lane people demonstrated loudly against him, even though we do not have in hand the we are moving ahead like people with a and the press reports say a lady hit him data on which to base intelligent decisions concern for the future of civilization." over the head with a sign; two men spat about how these billions are being spent. on him. One of his Dallas hosts quoted him Surely it is not an idle circumstance that An Inner Directed Journal saying that nothing like this had ever hap- such liberals as Wayne Morse and Yarbor- pened to him anywhere; that he was ough are calling for a profound second I don't want to be suspected of being shocked. other-directed, but I did feel good when I look. We have seen how federal money can November 1, 1963 13 be mis-spent inside the United States, en- read this paragraph in the Daily Texan, in riching millionaires many times over, be- a story about sociologist David Riesman's EUROPE cause the people cannot watch closely, and remarks during his visit to the University of Texas: An unregimented trip stressing individual they are not helped to watch by the mass freedom. Low cost yet covers all the usual media. Why then should we disbelieve it "He described the Texas Observer as 'one plus places other tours miss. Unless the when we are told by the likes of Yar- of a small group of papers, old-fashioned, standard tour is a "must" for you, discover borough and Morse that the foreign aid free swinging, almost like in the Nineteenth this unique tour before you go to Europe. Century, with its spirit of independence and EUROPE SUMMER TOURS program has become a haven for corrupt 255 Sequbia, Dept. J—Pasadena, California profiteering—and maybe for reactionary liberated character.' " policies, too? I for one am ready to listen A student who attended a joint meeting to the evidence. Okay, gentlemen : what is of sociology classes to hear Riesman tells it? me that Riesman advanced this interesting By his vote for equal access to public theory about the Observer: that once #rlytiz accommodations, Yarborough dragged Texas-bred liberals break away from their Since 1866 what was no doubt his struggling East parents and peers on such a question as Texas conscience into the bright and pain- race, they tend to feel free to do their own The Place in Austin ful lights of the twentieth century. Consid- thinking on everything, and the result is . . . the students and the professors, ering the accumulating evidence of a racial a kind of "free-swinging " Ries- man said he finds in the Observer. the politicians and the lobbyists, dine reaction against the civil rights movement, or drink beer in rather unfamiliar I for one do not blame him for keeping proximity." Willie Morris in Harper's. his own counsel on the merits of the mat- Clas s ifi e d ter. Just as the lawyers say an original INTERNATIONAL PEACE / Disarmament 1607 San Jacinto document is the best evidence of a trans- Directory. Third edition, fall 1963. 1750 organiza- tional and 450 periodical addresses. $1 per copy; GR 7-4171 action, Yarborough's vote is the best evi- 6 for $5, 10 for $7.50, 50 for $25. 711 South Duke dence of his convictions. If he declines now, St., York, Penna.. U.S.A. In Houston, meanwhile, there was an Party's suggestion, . joined some liberal it may have been, we shall see tests of man- organized walk-out of about 40 persons, Texas organizations — specifically the hood, and the character of men. We shall leaving in twos and threes, during James NAACP, PASO, the American GI Forum, see who the demagogues are, and who the Wadsworth's speech on the U.N. before and a Unitarian ChUrch social action group. men. about 250 people. Those who walked out— It's been represented to the press that causing Wadsworth to stumble and to flush there are fewer than 200 Communist Party The Balm of Embalming —met outside. One of them shouted to a members in Texas, but this is enough of Some Austin people are communicating Chronicle reporter, "I'm an American them to cause lots of trouble. patriot!" Then they left the vicinity to- with each other about forming a coopera- gether. . Especially in Texas. We have had build- tive memorial society to outwit the death ing in this state, almost unresisted, a deep, business and have our cadavers disposed of Stevenson and Wadsworth were em- fearful paranoia about communism. Pur- with simplicity, dignity, and minimum ex- barassed, but not as much as Texans are. veyors of economic and the- pense. A Dallas subscriber informs us that We bring Stevenson, one of the nation's and matic anti-communism as patriotism have a memorial society is being organized by the world's most civilized men, to Dallas, insinuated themselves into far too many the Laymen's League of the Unitarian and he is spat upon. We bring Wadsworth, of our public schools, until now they are Church in that city. We are also advised a world-known ambassador, to Houston, endorsed by the state commissioner of edu- that those who wish to do so may be able and he is systematically, tastelessly cation—a shocking fact that must be en- to leave their eyes to the Dallas Eye Bank affronted. tered into J. W. Edgar's permanent record for the use of the living through trans- The deeper qi.stion is, how far has this as a professional educator. plantings, and their bodies to the South- thing gone in Texas? The day before Stev- We have Birch chapters, textbook vigil- western Medical School for medical re- enson's visit to Dallas, Edwin Walker drew antes, Christian Anti-communist Crusad- search. Under the latter circumstances a huge crowd to the same hall and delivered ers; we have Life Line, Party Line, the there are no burial costs. his usual speech, that the UN was invented Hargis line, and the Benson line; now we Four funeral "homes" in Hunt county— by communists. The morning after the anti- have Cong. Ed Foreman, the Odessa Re- in Greenville, Commerce, and Wolfe City— Stevenson demonstration, the Dallas News publican, who says those who support for- took a full page ad in the Greenville Herald- ran a cartoon showing Uncle Sam giving eign aid "border on treason"; who calls a Banner rationalizing, in funereal tones, the corn into Communist hands dripping with Democratic congressman from San Jose high cost of dying, and warning against blood. How widespread does sickness have "pinko," is threatened with libel, retracts memorial societies "in which you are to become before it stops being funny? his statement, reasserts it. denied discretion or decision." (As though Perhaps it- was inevitable, in this ac- joining one did not itself entail discretion A Texas Red Hunt cumulating miasma, that the Stanford case and decision.) The ad is an ordinary We may have a Red Hunt in Texas early would tempt those Texans who watched example of unction, but the ad-writer had next year, just in time to preserve the one- closely the operations of the late Sen. Joe party system. difficulty getting past the subject of em- McCarthy and remembered what they balming gracefully. Responding to criti- Two volunteer, but paid informers for learned. Listen to this editorial in the Dal- cisms, alleging that embalming is offensive the FBI turned up at the Washington hear- las Morning News, "Unveiled Threat," to hygiene, the ad stated: "Medical experts ing on whether John Stanford of San An- Sept. 30: will testify that embalming is a sanitary tonio must register as a communist. One "Sweet-sounding, supposedly harmless precaution not inconsistent with the rules of them, William J. Lowery, said he's been organizations scream to the high heavens of good health." a spy for the FBI in the Texas Communist when they are accused of being communist Reassuring, is it not. Party in Dallas since 1945; the other, Mrs. fronts, or dupes of this international con- Rosalie Urquizo said she's been doing the spiracy. Happy Days Are Here Again same work in San Antonio since 1961. "Even though their intentions are of the The ranks of the tory Democrats must They said they had, at the Communist highest, too many are sucked into the Red be thinning out, the way they've been 14 The Texas Observer whirlpool and unwittingly become an ad- reaching back to the scandalizing Shivers vance guard for the Kremlin. Such an or- period for their lead nags this season. First, ganization may have 100,000 members— Shivers himself: (Quick fade). Then, but it takes only one communist to convert Shivers handyman Jack Pickle. ("I worked MARTIN ELFANT it into an instrument of Soviet power. for Shivers. I just did a job." Slow fade.) "This is what Lowery referred to. This is Now, John Van Cronkhite. Really, gentle- Sun Life of Canada what the late Joe McCarthy tried to show. men, this is where we came in. Lowery is right. Joe was right." Take Van Cronkhite, who is -running for 1001 Century Building The Dallas News has unveiled its threat; the Senate, as a "Democrat," against Ralph but a threat has been made by a more rele- Yarborough. We turn over to you, in a Houston, Texas vant party that has not yet been unveiled. nostalgic glow, this article from the Texas It was very plain and blunt and expressly Observer of January 11, 1956, page eight: cynical. The matter is now common talk "John Van Cronkhite is in the news once CA 4-0686 among some of those who know what is again. Reuben Senterfitt has hired him as going on in Texas politics. public relations adviser in his campaign • If the threat was not an empty one, as for governor. [Senterfitt ran fifth in the Democratic primary that July, getting one out of every 40 votes.—Ed.] "Van Cronkhite came to Austin in 1950 "Their eyes are fixed on you, their hearts go out to you, and their hopes hang as a campaign aide to Governor Shivers. He on your verdict." handled publicity and organization work for Shivers and for Democrats-for-Eisen- —Clarence Darrow hower in the 1952 campaigns. "In 1954, Ralph Hammonds, president of defunct Lloyds of North America Insurance - Texas Society To Abolish Capital Punishment Co., presented checks he said he had paid P. 0. Box 52222 Van Cronkhite of $1,000 a month (one was $2,000). Van Cronkhite said ... that he did Houston 52, Texas public relations work for the company but quit because it 'could not get its affairs in Annual Dues: $2.00 Contributing membership: $10.00 order.' " Ah, those were the days. R.D. ningham, who was present to contradict With the announcements of Van Cronk- A Dialogue Proxy Pickle's suave commitment of her hite for the Senate and Pickle for the Professor : delegation. House, the Back Room Boys are emerging "If a tree is struck by lightning and falls 1954: Shivers was due to pay the penalty into the ranks of the Front Men. If the Big in the forest for taking the entire state Democratic or- Lobbyists are finding manageable candi- And there is no one there to observe this ganization officially into the Eisenhower dates in such short supply, surely the vot- hypothetical event campaign, when Pickle invented the Port ers of the Austin district will send a repre- Does there exist an arc of blinding light Arthur Story to slander organized labor sentative Democrat to Congress. and a thunderous electrical crack? and lure the unwary into the governor's Margaret Carter, 2816 Sixth Ave., Fort Does there exist a sound of breaking camp. . . . Worth. limbs before the descending weight of 1958: Pickle, in charge of the headquar- the trunk ters of the State Democratic Committee, A Southern Observer And a quake of the impacted forest had raised and spent an amount equal to I have just finished reading the Oct. 4 floor?" the Texas quota for the Democratic Na- issue. It is really true to its new subtitle, Student: tional Committee. This money had been "A Window to the South." With very little "If a starving child cries three nights and squandered in Texas fighting the loyal change, that particular issue could be a falls dead in the forest of Calcutta Democrats who had organized themselves prototype for a Southern Observer instead And there is no one there to observe this into the Democrats of Texas. When the of a Texas Observer. It is a great and mem- hypothetical event S.D.E.C. was called upon to participate in orable issue—I especially liked your letter Does there exist the piercing gasps of a the national Dollars for Democrats drive, from Selma, a revealing spot-light on one of frightened child the D.O.T. was expected to send what its the many sores of the Southern leprosy; And in the absence of a stethoscope is members could raise for the national and Mrs. Klipple's second anecdote of the there a heartbeat? party through the S.D.E.C., which would children's assignment; and the analysis of Does there exist a minute quake from the be permitted to keep part of the take. The Johnson's present position. impacted forest floor?" D.O.T. chose to by-pass the state office. I realize that finances would be the big- Professor: Its slogan was "Dollars for Democrats, but "Your statement is diversionary. gest problem in converting to the Southern not a nickel for Pickle!" Observer. Also, the fact that people think Though the content of my proposition is 1963: A seat in Congress for Pickle, who trivial of Texas as Southwest more than South has been well paid for perpetual perfidious should be thought through. You must not belittle the important prin- performance, both with money and with ciples at question." Looking forward to more windows from appointive office? From the district that Texas. Student: includes the state capital, the district of "You misunderstand my statement which Buchanan and Johnson and Thornberry? November 1, 1963 15 is not diversionary. Though the content of my proposition is not trivial I did not intend to belittle the important principles at question." BILL HARRELL Dallas AMERICAN INCOME Dialogue LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

After All, Fair's Fair OF INDIANA Your "Goldwater in 1864" stickers gross- ly insult Abraham Lincoln. Why not make it "Goldwater in 1764," for it is not unfair to King George III to compare him at least Underwriters of the American Income labor to the new "moderate" Goldwater.—Thom- as Black, attorney, Box 1073, Austin, Tex. Disability Policy Shivers and Pickle 1950: Proxy Pickle! 1954: Port Arthur Story Pickle! 1958: Not a Nickel for Pickle! Executive Offices: 1963: Congressman Pickle? Oh, no! 1950: In Mineral Wells the State Demo- cratic Committee which had helped Jester engineer Truman's Texas triumph was do- P. 0. Box 208 ing an about-face to help Shivers show the big lobbyists how completely he dominated the state convention. On the roll call the one-to-five-vote counties were answering Waco, Texas with one voice, that of "Jake Pickle, proxy." We might never have known whether Pickle's ubiquitous influence re- sulted from a spontaneous surge of absent delegates to Shivers' banner or from Pic- Bernard Rapoport, President kle's privileged position at the convention microphone, if he hadn't overplayed his hand. He answered for Walker County, represented by doughty Minnie Fisher Cun- Charlotte Kraft, 12 Knollwood, Morris- lished news of Texas a-comin' and dissemi- Texans Chose to Humiliate town, N.J. nated. I first met Jim Crow on a beautiful Sun- (This is fundamentally a Texas publica- Sidney Craft, 4418 Buena Vista, Dallas 5, Tex. day morning more than 25 years ago. I was tion; it is the fact that the Southern prob- riding in a Houston city bus with many lem is very real in East Texas, in some of Some Facts Are Needed double seats vacant and many others oc- our cities, and in our politics that gives us cupied by only one person. At one of the an intimate, personal concern with the In a very well-taken article ["An Appal- stops, a group of young Negro girls boarded South. We will run stories from the South ling Waste," Obs. Aug. 25], Jacques Wilson pointed out that the inept Texas education- the bus. I was surprised when they walked every time we have good ones; we would past the empty seats and huddled on the welcome more circulation from the South; al system wastes the talents of many Mexi- can-Americans. After citing figures taken few seats and very small floor space in the we can visualize occasions when we might rear. Quite by chance, I glanced up at a publish all-Southern issues. We would like from the federal 1960 census, Mr. Wilson sign in the front of the bus. After reading to hear from other• readers on this general notes that ". . . the Texas Education Agen- the phrase, "prohibited by state law," I subject.—Ed.) cy does not collect or evaluate annually such elementary statistics as the number knew I was seeing the evil Jim Crow face The Henchmen Have The Power of Mexican-American drop-outs by grade." to face. Mr. Wilson is right. But he does not go Filled with anger and shame, I turned "Lyndon and the Griffins" [Obs. Oct. 4] far enough. The inept Texas educational my face toward the window. As the bus is far the best thing I have read on Johnson system wastes the talents of children of sped on, I saw streams of people pouring and sets out my thoughts on the subject to all colors and races. Any figures that might from several splendid church buildings. perfection. reveal the waste are withheld: I wondered if they ever had paused to con- I have watched Lyndon "operate" Item—The percentage of college fresh- nect the meaning of the inspiring words of through Fort Worth, Dallas, and San An- men fail-outs broken down by high school their religious faith with the words of the tonio conventions in other years. . . . My of origin is a measure of a high school's sign hanging in the bus—the ugly words back has always been 'stiff.' I like my poli- effectiveness. The T.E.A. does not compile of hate for their neighbor whose skin was tics according to the written law. I've sat this data. darker. in precinct and county conventions in Col- Item—Percentage of teacher turnover Born and educated in the North, I had lin County—have seen my side win by the by school and school district is a measure number of votes—but the henchmen of learned that the lofty words, "with liberty of effectiveness of school management. The and justice for all," in the pledge of alle- LBJ have the power and gig us out of it T.E.A. does not compile this data. giance to the flag of our country meant every time. Item—The T.E.A. does not audit the little to many. I had seen discrimination Virginia L. Ragsdale, Box 732, San An- "non-budget" portion of school district ex- and injustice against groups and individ- dreas, Cal. penditures. In Port Arthur, "non-budget" uals because of their nationality, religion, expenditures are double the amount spent and economic status; but never had I en- At Least We're Necessary under the budget. Lack of an outside audit countered these evils authorized by law.... Because of the small print, long winded- leaves a door open to irregularities. White voters of every state had a choice. ness, and few photographs in the Observer Item—The T.E.A. cooperates with school Texans had chosen to humiliate human —non-renewal was contemplated. districts in concealing information. Despite beings. But HECK; how could I do without the many efforts last year, I never learned Today, opponents of the public accom- "history of the income tax," "PASO per- when T.E.A. accreditation people had in- modations section of the proposed civil sists," and the realities, satire, and humor spected or planned to inspect Port Arthur rights legislation base their protest on in- a la "How to Go First Class" and "Memori- schools. fringement of property rights. The bus on alization" [Obs. Oct. 18]. Samuel Schiffer, 3700 Franklin Ave., ,- which I was riding so long ago in Houston Here's $5 to keep the otherwise unpub- Groves, Tex. was private property. But a state law pre- 16 The Texas Observer vented the owners from seating the young September 15, 1963 Negro girls in the vacant seats. They had Four children died today. The news had paid the same fare as I and the other pas- scarcely stilled the room sengers. Why is one side of the coin a vio- When in the crush of violence six children lation of property rights and the other, were gone. the morally and spiritually wrong side, not Four were in song, eyes lifted up in hope, as much a violation? .. . and two were warring against hate. The pages of history prove that the white race is not the only guilty party in I thought that cheeks were for smoothing the centuries old record of man's injustice and eyes for innocence; to man. . . . But today, the white race is on That children came to name the flowers stage. The audience outnumbers the actors and to laugh into the sky. nearly three to one. In hostile mood, the How wonderful, I thought, that each is audience forgets the many, many good different; performances. How many forms can man's love create. Is this now the hour for our country, But there are men who hate color and rage with its multiracial, multinational, and against it to destroy. multireligious population, to be the star Better to scream defiance at the sky until of a world premiere? vastness overcomes man's cry, Eileen Tisdale, 914 W. Mulberry, Apt, 2, And he weeps to learn what most men San Antonio 1, Tex. see— That blue is a lovely color and becomes the We, very thoroughly enjoy the Texas sky. Observer; wouldn't discard a single copy. We appreciate your standing firm on your Must men go blind and shut out light be- convictions; it takes a great deal of cour- fore children can be free?. age to speak up for causes that are unpopu- Or will more light free tortured minds so lar to many in power.—Mr. and Mrs. Hen- all men may see ry Labaj, Route 1, Granger, Tex. That children are a lovely color and be- I like your paper, but don't care for the come mankind. strong language you use at times.—Mrs. —Anita Roberts, Fort Worth W. D. Wood, Highlands, Tex.