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Home , Alexander I of Russia, April Laws, Bethlehem Chapel, Brandenburgers, Bretislav I, Cisleithania

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Aachen. See peace of Aix-la-Chapelle of , 193 absolutism, 86, 123 Alexandreida (Czech rhyming epic), 25, 30 Action Program, 254–55, 266, 267, 272 All-National coalition, 185 Adamec, Ladislav, 289, 290 Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper), 115 Adler, Viktor, 143 American Club of Czech Women, 132 , 8 Andra´ssy, Gyula, 130, 136 Adventures of the Good Soldier Sˇvejk Andropov, Yurii, 282 (Hasˇek), 158, 233 Anezˇka, 25 Aegean Sea, 8 Anna, daughter of Ludwig, 32 Aeroflot, 269 Anna the Belvedere, 64 Age of Reason. See Enlightenment anti-Semitism, 151, 157, 200, 207, 239 Anti-State Right Declaration, 148 Agnew, Theodore L., xx–xxi hierarchy of appeals, 74 Agrarian Party, 150, 153, 168, 180–81, 182, , policy of, 203 183, 185, 204, 206, 220 April Laws of 1848, 129–30 agrarian reform, 107–8, 140, 151, 186, 187, Arab-Israeli Six-Day War, 251 191 agricultural collectivization, 241, 243 decoration for, 65 Agrobanka Praha, 313–14 in , 25, 33, 35, 54 peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 84 climatic adaptation of, 64 Albrecht of Habsburg, 29–30, 51 Mannerism decoration for, 65 Albrecht of Wallenstein, 69, 70 of , 64–65 Alesˇ, Mikola´sˇ, 158 sgraffito facades for, 65 Alexander I of , 102 Archive of the , xxi, 104, Alexander II of Russia, 133 159

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Arnold, Emanuel, 115 Bach, Alexander, 122, 126–31 A´ rpa´d , 23 , Kazimierz, 148, 149 Art Nouveau, 159 Bakunin, Mikhail, 125 Articles of , 45, 47–48, 50 Balb´ın, Bohuslav, 77 Athenaeum (journal), 143 of 1912–13, 163 Auersperg, Adolf, 136 of Temesva´r, 78 Treaty of Augsburg, 71 Bara´k, Rudolf, 249 Augustinian canons, 40 barbarian , 8 the Ausgleich, 128–33, 135, 136 Baroque, 65, 75, 77 Barthou, Louis, 193 the Ausgleich for, 128–33, 135, 136 , ecumenical council at, 49 autonomy of in, 119, 120, 121, 133, Battle of the Nations, 96–97 345n37 , 10, 12 Congress of for, 97 Baxa, Karel, 150 for, 119, 122 BBC. See British Broadcasting Corporation as counterbalance to Russia, 118 Be´la IV, 20 Czech cooperation with, 116, 118 Belcredi, Richard, 130 domination of, by , 96 Belgium, 97, 103 end of Enlightenment for, 97 Treaty of , 80 federalism for, 128, 130, 133 Benedictines, 14, 66, 76 gain of Lombardy/Venetia by, 97, 117, 125 Benesˇ, Edvard, 166, 167, 170, 171–72, 181, German culture in, 91, 135 186, 187, 188–89, 193, 194–95, 196, 197, Council for, 119 203, 205, 329, 331 government in, under Joseph II, 90–92 acceptance of Hitler’s demands by, 204 grossdeutsch/kleindeutsch solution for, demise of, 233, 236 117 in , 206, 208, 211, 220 inflation in, 165 foresight of, 208 pro-German policy of, 137 German demands upon, 204 Reichstag elections in, 121–22 Great Retribution Decree by, 224, 360n51 treaty of Scho¨ nbrunn for, 96 Agreement and, 218–19 war between and, 130 postwar return of, 222 Austria- reorganized government and, 231, 231–32 Bohemian crownlands in, 160 Western ties and, 227 collapse of, 175 Beran, Josef, 239 democratization of, 150 Beran, Rufolf, 192, 196, 206, 207, 208 German dominance of, 162 Berger family, xxi methods with Russia by, 161 crisis, 249 at start of , 164 Berlin Wall, 286 duchy of Austria, 19, 47 Bethlehem chapel, 40, 41 Austrian , 189, 196, 197 the Bible, 40, 43 Austrian , 3–4 Biedermeier style, 102–3 Austrian National Archive, xxi Bienert, Richard, 208 Austrian National , xxi Bila´ Hora. See battle of Mountain Austrian Social-Democracy, 142 Bil’ak, Vasil, 255, 259, 260, 262, 268, 273, the Avars, 9–10 275, 282 Avignon, of, 31, 36, 38 Bismarck, 130 Benedictines, 76 , 19, 20 Black Death. See plague Babylonian captivity, 38, 40. See also , 4, 8 Avignon Blanche of Valois, 32

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Bocˇek, Anton´ın, 105 manufacturing in, 106 Bohemia middle class of, 107, 115, 139, 140–41 agrarian reform for, 107–8 National Committee for, 118 agriculture for, 106 national renascence in, 98, 111–12 architecture in, 25, 33, 35, 54 natural resources of, 21 Austrian-Hungarian foreign policy and, nobility in, 17–18, 30–31, 42, 58–59, 116, 162 129 bankruptcy for, 105–6 origin of, 7–8 coexistence in, 158 pluralistic political life of, 154 colonization of, 17, 20–21 political structure of, 29 Constitutional Union for, 118–19 Poor Clares in, 25 cultural losses of, 75 population of, 72, 88, 106, 145, 155–56 Czech/German languages in, 117, 126, in, 19 130, 137, 149, 156 in, 39–40, 88 elections for, 119, 121, 153–54 Reichstag elections in, 121 economy of, 74, 86, 87–88 relationship between and, 16 educational reform in, 89–90 religious division of, 56 elected government for, 117, 154t Renaissance in, 63 emergence of, xv–xvi, 14, 15 Rescript of April 8, 1848 for, 117–18 equality of / in, 116–17 of, 121 Estate rule of, 56–57 social structure of, 141–45 in, 88 status of, under Francis I, 96 feudal system in, 17–18, 38 ta´bory (gatherings) in, 135 Franciscans in, 25 Thirty Years’ War impact on, 72–75 for, 97 town structure of, 38, 50 German/Czech zones in, 139, 204 trade in, 13–14, 37, 153 Germans in, 114–15, 116, 137, 140, 145, transportation in, 107 146 unification with by, 118 gothic architecture in, 25, 33, 35, 54 Union of Germans from Bohemia, Mora- governance of, 126, 132, 135 via, and for the Preservation of their Nationality and, 118 gubernia (royal offices) for, 87, 91, 103, union with Germany by, 118 104, 126 White Mountain impact on, 75 and, 78–79, 83 workers’ movement in, 142–43. See also Humanism in, 63 Czech culture image of, 3 Bohemian Chamber, 73 industrialization for, 139–45, 349n22 Bohemian Confession, 63, 65, 91 influences on, 15 Bohemian Court , 73 infrastructure of, 155 Bohemian Estates Jesuit control by, 75–76 decennial recess of taxation by, 86–87 Jewish expulsion from, 90 discontent of, 105 in, xvii, 24–25, 38, 56, 91, 107, 157, power of, 91, 104–5 200, 207, 210–11, 215 rights of, 105 Joseph II’s control of, 91 rule/rebellion by, 56–57, 66–67, 71, 83 knightly culture in, 25 treason of, 84 land diet for, 57, 104, 117, 126, 128–29, Bohemian Forest, 4 132, 135, 137 Bohemian Germans, 114–15, 116, 137, 140, for, 119, 221 145, 146 landlord/peasant relationship in, 88, 91, Bohemian-Moravian Plateau, 4 107–8 Bohemian-Palatinate War, 68. See also Thirty literature of, 29 Years’ War

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Bohemian Rebellion, xvi Carolingian tradition, 10, 33 the , 7 Carolus. See Boleslav I, 13, 331 Carpathian Mountains, 8 Boleslav II, 14, 16, 24 Carrati, Francesco, 77 Bolesław I, the Brave, 14 Cas (Time) (journal), 143, 159 , Bernard, 109, 110 the Castle, 182, 205, 264, 288, 308 Bonaparte, Louis Napoleon. See Napoleon III castle/fort as power center, 13, 16 Bonaparte, Napoleon. See Napoleon of St. John the Divine, xv book-burning, 41. See also censorship Catherine II of Russia, 86 Borˇita of Martinice, Va´clav, 66 Catholic parties, 153 Borˇivoj, 10, 11, 12 Cˇ echoslav (journal), 114 Bosnia, 137, 160 CEFTA. See Central Free Trade Bourbon dynasty, 97 Agreement Boy Scouts, 210, 270 Cˇ elakovsky´, Frantisˇek Ladislav, 112 Brahe, Tycho de, 63, 64 , 7 , 33 Cˇ eneˇk of Vartenberk, 46 Brandenburgers, 22 censorship , 176, 352n7 book-burning as, 41 Brauner, 115, 119 elimination of, 244–45, 253, 289 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 169 of literature, 77, 97 Brˇetislav, Jindrˇich, 17 Main Administration of Press Supervision Brˇetislav I, 16 for, 236 Brˇevnov, Benedictine monastery of, 14, 91 media control under, 266, 269, 288 Brezhnev, Leonid I., 252, 257–59, 264, 273, Protocol for, 265 275 of newspapers, 99, 114, 115–16, 124, 164, , 281–82 230, 236, 244, 269 British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 236 police directorates for, 104 Broad Coalition, 188, 191 regulations for, 97, 259 Brod, Max, 158 during World War I, 165 Bronze Age, 7 Center for Coupon , 312 Bug River, 13 Central Action Committee, 230, 289 , 85 Central Committee of Home Resistance , in, 11 (U´ VOD), xxvi, 211, 223 Bureau for the Direction of Party Work in the , concept of, 3 , 268 Central Europe Free Trade Agreement , 8–9, 23 (CEFTA), 298 Central National Revolutionary Committee Caesar Augustus, 9 (U´ NRV), xxvi, 211, 214 Cˇ alfa, Maria´n, 290, 293 Central Trade-Unions Council (U´ RO), xxvi, 223, 262 Frederick of the Palatinate for, 66–67 Cˇ ernı´k, 259, 262–67, 272 impact of, 61 Cesarini, Cardinal, 47, 49 Joseph II’s toleration for, 91, 92 Cˇ eska´ expedice (Czech Expedition), 98 Unity of Brethren and, 61 Cˇ eska´ ota´zka (The Czech Question) (Ma- cameralists, 87 saryk), 147–48 , 95 Cˇ eska´ vcˇela (Czech Bee, newspaper literary Cˇ apek, Karel, 187 supplement), 114 Duke of , 21 Cˇ eske´ mysˇlenky (Czech Thought) (Kaizl), , 21 148 Cˇ arnogursky´, Jan, 290, 295, 303, 371n50 Cˇ eske´ slovo (Czech Word) (newspaper), 159

...... 10888$ INDX 08-11-04 10:42:48 PS PAGE 418 Index 419 chamberlain, 21, 35 Civic Democratic Party (ODS), xxv, 295, Chamberlain, Neville, 3, 198, 204, 220 304, 308, 312, 313 Chambers of Commerce and Industry, 127 Civic Forum (OF), xxv, 287, 289–90, Charlemagne, 9, 10, 32, 33, 334n17 293–95 Charles Albert of Bavaria, of Bohemia, Civic Movement (OH), xxv, 295 84 civil code of 1811, 108 Charles Albert of Savoy, 116 Cˇ KD. See Czech-Moravian-Kolben-Daneˇk Charles College, 35 enterprise Charles-Ferdinand university, 76, 137, 139, Clam-Martinic, Jindrˇich Jaroslav, 128, 135, 211, 267 138, 167 Charles IV, xvi, 32, 33, 34, 36–37, 40 Clemenceau, Georges, 168 Charles of Habsburg, 166, 168, 172, 189 Clement VI, 32, 36 Charles of Luxemburg, 31 Clement VII, 36 , 35, 211, 267. See also , 64, 76 Charles IV Clementis, Vladimı´r, 239–40 Charles V, 61–62 clergy Charles VI (1711–1740), 78–79, 87 anti-Semitism of, 157 Charles VII, 84 first estate of, 70 Charles X of , 103 investiture of, 19 Charter 77, 279–81, 285 nobles unified with, 22 Chelcˇicky´, Petr, 53 politicization of, 151 Chervonenko, Konstantin, 264, 282 power of, 72 battle of Chlumec, 16, 23 Club 231 (K231), xxi, 266 Chod rebellion, 74–75 Club of Engaged Nonpartisans (KAN), xxiv, Chotek, Karl, 104 266 Christian-Democratic Movement (KDH), CMEA. See Council for Mutual Economic xxiv, 295 Assistance Christian-Democratic Union (KDU), xxiv, Cˇ NR. See Czech National Council 295, 312 coexistence, 295 Christian IV, 69 Cold War, xv, 234 Christian Socialist Party, 148, 151, 181, 196 collaborators, 166, 208, 210, 221, 224 Christianity . See Council for Mutual Economic Bulgaria and, 11 Assistance Byzantine Empire and, 9 Comenius. See Komensky´, Jan Amos for, 103 Cominform. See Communist Information Bu- Hussite vision of, xvi reau literature of, 24 organization of, 9 Comintern, 184, 194, 228 popes for, 9 Committee for the Defense of the Republic, spread of, 13 205 survival under, 23 Committee for the Defense of the Unjustly as unifying agent, 12–13 Persecuted (VONS), xxvi Christmas Agreement of 1943, 217 Committee for the Scientific Development of Churchill, Winston, 220 the and Literature, 113 Chvalkovsky´, Frantisˇek, 187, 206, 207 communism , 130–31, 135–36, 145, 146, collapse of, 284 149, 153 downfall of, xv, 283 Cistercians, 17, 40, 76 political parties for, 184–85, 194. See also Civic Club, 115 Gorbachev, Mikhail; perestroika/glas- Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA), xxv, 295, nost 312 Communist Information Bureau, 228

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Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia Crown of St. Wenceslas. See Crown of St. (KSCM), xxv, 295, 313 Va´clav Communist Party of (KSC), Crusaders of the Red Star, 25 xxv, 181, 207, 211, 215, 220, 223, 224, , 21, 47–48 225, 229–30, 234, 251, 266, 273–76, Cˇ SAV. See Czechoslovak of Sci- 288, 361n10 ences Communist Party of (KSS), xxv, Cˇ SD. See Czechoslovak Social Democracy 211, 223, 225, 239, 266 CSFR. See Czech and Slovak Federative Re- Compactata, 50, 51, 52, 59–61, 62 public Compacts of Basel. See Compactata Cˇ SFR, xvii Compromise of 1867, 87 Cˇ SL. See Czech People’s Party ˇ concentration camps, 212, 214–15 CSM. See Czechoslovak Youth League ˇ conciliar movement, 42, 44, 49 CSNS. See Czechoslovak National Socialist Concordat of 1855, 126 Party ˇ Congress of Berlin (1878), 137 CSSD. See Czech Social Democratic Party ˇ Congress of Oppressed Nationalities, 169 CSSR. See Czechoslovak Socialist Republic ˇ , 97, 102 CTK Czech Press Agency, xxi Conrad III, 17 Cuban crisis, 249 Consolidation Agency, 318 cuius regio, eius religio (whose the rule, his Consolidation Bank (KoB), xxiv, 318. See the religion), 71 currency, 15, 21, 183, 191, 242–43, 314, also Consolidation Agency 348n9 Constantine, 11, 24 Cyril. See Constantine Constituent National Assembly, 226 Cyrilo-Methodian mission, 307 Constitutional Union, 118–19 Czech, Ludwig, 193 construction, 109–10, 158–59 Czech Agrarian Party, 151, 152 , 96, 105 Czech and Slovak Federative Republic Convention of Westminster, 84 (CSFR), xxiii, 300–306, 321 Corruption Perceptions Index, 319–20 Czech Committee Abroad. See Czechoslovak Corvinus, Matthias, 52 National Council , 9, 12, 24, 30 Czech Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, cotton, 106 185 Council for Mutual Economic Assistance Czech culture (CMEA or Comecon), 241, 277, 282, Catholic oversight over, 126 298, 330 Czech Modernists for, 158 Council for Non-Governmental Organiza- equality of, 154 tions, 323 gray years of, 279–81 Council of Ambassadors, 177 growth of literature for, 98–100 Council of Basil, 44, 52 Hlahol choral union for, 132 , 39, 42, 43–44 linguocentrism of, 100 Council of Europe, 298, 324 Matice cˇeska´ for, 111 Council of Pisa, 38, 41–42 gymnastic organization for, 132, Council of Ten, 177 165, 182, 210, 236, 243, 270 Council of Three, 215 stability v., 108 Counter-Reformation, 71 theater for, 98, 132, 135, 143, 159 coupon privatization, 296, 308, 312, 314 Umeˇlecka´ beseda (Artists’ Club) for, 132 CPSU, 275–76 Czech Druzˇina (Czech military units), 166, Crimean War (1854), 127–28 167 Crown of St. Va´clav Czech language Corvinus claim to, 52 Committee for the Scientific Development lands of, 3, 53, 57, 79, 85 of the Czech Language and Literature return of, 133, 135 and, 113

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Czech ball for, 115 industrial revitalization for, 317–18 early use of, 35 location of, 4, 34, 60, 161 equality of, with German, 117, 137, 156 lustration law for, 299–300, 311, 320 interest in, 93 neo-Nazi ideology and, 322 Matice ceska´ for, 113 North Atlantic Treaty Organization and, poetry in, 113–14 324, 326 pronunciation of, xxvii–xxviii Organization for Security and Cooperation Rukopis kra´love´dvorsky´/zelenohorsky´ for, in Europe and, 324 113 Public Rights Protector for, 323 Czech Modernists, 158 Slovakia and, xvii Czech-Moravian-Kolben-Danek enterprise toleration of, 207 (Cˇ KD), xxiii, 264, 289 membership for, 324 Czech movement, 112–14, 132 Czech Roma, xvii, 320–22 Czech National Bank, 315 Czech-Slovak relations, 300–306 Czech National Council (Cˇ NR), xxiii, 222, Czech Social Democratic Party (Cˇ SSD), xxiii, 223, 302 150, 181, 184, 295, 312, 313 Czech National Museum, xxi, 104, 159 Czech State Right Democracy, 168 Czech national renascence Czech Union, National Committee for, 165, effect on, 98 167, 170 Enlightenment effect on, 98 Czecho-Slovkia, appeasement by, 207 nobility for, 99–100 Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (Cˇ SAV), Nostitz-Rieneck for, 98 xxiv, 238, 262, 267, 271, 277–78 origin of, 98, 110, 111–12 Czechoslovak as official state language, 180 traditions of, 308 Czechoslovak Federative Republic (Cˇ SFR), Czech National Socialist Party (Cˇ SNS), xxiv, xvi 148–49, 150, 181, 225 Czechoslovak Independent Armored Brigade, Czech patriotism 219 Union for the Promotion of Industry, 115 Czechoslovak Italian Legion, 175 Czech People’s Party (Cˇ SL), xxiv, 150, 218, Czechoslovak Legion, 169 295, 312 Czechoslovak National Committee, 219 Czech Progressive Party, 150 Czechoslovak National Council, 166, 167, Czech Realist party, 143 170, 270 Czech Repeal, 117 Czechoslovak National Socialist Party (Cˇ SNS), xxiv, 186 anti-Semitism in, 322 Czechoslovak People’s Army, 262, 289, corruption in, 319 364n2 Council for Non-Governmental Organiza- Czechoslovak People’s Party (Cˇ SL), xxiv tions and, 323 Czechoslovak-Polish federation, 221 Council of Europe for, 324 Czechoslovak Radio and Television, 262, currency of, 15, 183, 191, 314, 348n9 263–64, 266, 277 Czech Roma in, xvii, 320–22 Czechoslovak Social Democracy (Cˇ SD), xxiv, democracy in, 198 225 discrimination in, 320–23 Czechoslovak Socialist Party, 168, 186, 289. economic status of church in, 310 See also Czechoslovak National Socialist economy of, 308–9, 309t, 313–19, 318t Party (Cˇ SNS) emergence of, xvi, 307 Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (Cˇ SSR), and, xx, 298, 319, xxiii, 247, 279, 301 326–31 Czechoslovak-Soviet alliance, 228 foreign investment in, 318–19 Czechoslovak Union, 163 government for, 309–12, 316–17 Czechoslovak Union of Journalists, 262

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Czechoslovak Writers’ Union, 238, 244–45, martial law in, 212 251 May Crisis for, 197 Czechoslovak Youth League (Cˇ SM), xxiv, as a metaphorical bridge, 3 244, 270 minorities protection by, 178, 195, 198 Czechoslovakia mobilization of, 205 agricultural collectivization in, 241 moderation of, 3 amnesty in, 225, 249 Munich decision for, 206 anti-Semitism in, 151, 157, 200, 207, 239 National Court in, 216 borders for, 177 National Party for, 132–33 boundaries of, 179 natural resources of, 4–6 boycott by, 136 Nazis in, xvi, 195 carp farms in, 6 New Course for, 243–44 Communist control of, 234–39, 361n10 nonviolent protest in, 260–63 concessions to Germany by, 204 normalization for, 262–69, 270, 275, 308 constitution for, 175, 178, 180, 305–6, occupation of, by Germany, 203, 208 353n15 Old Czechs v. Young Czechs in, 132–33, currency of, 15, 21, 183, 191, 242–43, 136, 139, 146–47 348n9 Operation for, 260 de-Stalinization in, 245–47 oppression of Germans in, 199 democracy for, xvii origin of, xvi destruction of, xvi, 203 perserverance of, 214 division of, xvii political coalitions in, 180 ecology of, 6 population of, 214–15, 224 economic indicators in, 297 population transfer from, 220, 222, 224 economic reform in, 295–98 postwar depression in, 185 economy of, 238, 243, 249–50, 272, 276 postwar election in, 225–26, 226t elections in, 293 preferred form of state for, 303t from, 272 prestavba for, 278 energy sources of, 6 as Protectorate citizens, 210 exile movement for, 206, 208, 211, 220 proximity to Germany of, 220–21 purge trials in, 239–40, 243–44, 248–49 Five-Year Plan for, 241, 242 reconstruction of, 222–23 foreign policy for, 298 Reich Protector for, 208 Fundamental Articles for, 135–36 rejection of Marshall Plan by, 228, 360n55 control of, 208 resistance by, 211, 212, 215 government in exile for, 206, 208, 211, retaliation by, 214 220 sacrifice of, by England, 204 Great Depression in, 190–95 Soviet advisors in, 239 Great Retribution Decree for, 224, 360n51 Soviet bloc and, xvi, 227, 233 Habsburg empire as, xvii guarantee to, 220–21 and, 118 stabilization of, 182–83, 225 human presence in, 6–7 standard of living in, 243, 247–49 independence for, 170 submission of, to Central European power, industrial in, 223–24, 227, 203 240–41 surrender of frontier regions to Germany isolation of, 197, 228 by, 205 Jews in, xvii, 24–25, 38, 56, 91, 107, 157, Third Five-Year Plan for, 247, 249 200, 207, 210–11, 215 tourism in, 3 land reform in, 183–84, 221 Velvet Divorce for, xvi liberation of, 203, 221 Pact of, 260–64, 285, loss of by, 222 290, 364n10

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wing of Austrian Social-Democracy for, Drtina, Prokop, 229 142 DS. See Democratic Party workplace reform for, 184–85 of 1879, 137, 149 in, 200 Dubcˇek, Alexander, 249–52, 256, 257, 259, Czechs 261, 262–70, 272, 276, 289, 292 Ausgleich for, 133, 135 DV. See Office for the Documentation and In- religious liberty for, 117 vestigation of the Crimes of Communism Samo’s empire as forerunner of, 10, Dzr, Martin, 364n2 334n14 self-image of, xvi, 116 East Franks, 11, 12 tribal grouping of, 10 Ebert, Karl Egon, 118 Czernin, Ottokar, 166–67, 168–69 economic reform coupon privatization for, 296, 308, 312, Daladier, French premier, 205 314 Daluege, Kurt, 210, 214 investment funds for, 296 Danish War, 68. See also Thirty Years’ War privatization of industry for, 295–97, Danube River, 4 374n47 De ecclesia (Hus), 42 restitution for, 296–97 de Gaulle, Charles, 220 Edice petlice. See Padlock Editions de-Stalinization, 245–47, 249, 275–76 Edict of Restitution, 69, 70 Dea´k, Ferenc, 129–30 education of 1867, 131 church influence on, 108 Declaration of Pillnitz, 95 of clergy, 91 Decree of Kutna´ Hora, 41 Czech language for, 100, 112 Defenestration of Prague, 44, 66 Czech national renascence and, 98, 110, Deˇlnicke´ listy (Workers’ News), 142 111–12, 156–57 Democratic Party (DS), xxiv, 225 economic importance of, 66 , 69, 71 equality of, 131 De´rer, Ivan, 192 General School Ordinance for, 89 devotio moderna (new devotion), 40 in German, 109, 126 Deym, Friedrich, 105 gymnasium for, 63 Dienstbier, Jirˇ´ı, 290, 292, 295 illiteracy and, 157, 349n28 Dientzenhofer, Christoph, 77 by Jesuits, 62, 64, 69 Dientzenhofer, Kilian Ignaz, 77 particular schools for, 35, 63 diet reform of, 89–90, 127 in Bohemia, 56–57, 118 Edward III, 32 in Breslau, 46 Elbe River, 4, 8 confederation of Estates by, 66–67, 71 Eleventh Party Congress, 246–47 Hussite commission for, 48 Eleventh Sokol Congress, 236, 243 social order for, 56 Elia´sˇ, Alois, 208, 212, 219 taxation by, 57 Elizabeth, Russian Empress, 85 Dniepr River, 8 Elliott School of International Affairs, xx DNP. See Empire style, 109 DNSAP. See German National Socialist England Worker’s Party appeasement by, 203, 204 Dobrovsky´, Josef, 100, 112, 143 Bohemian Estates appeal to, 66 Domazˇlice agreement, 30, 31 Convention of Westminster by, 84 Drahom´ıra, 12 Czech regiments in, 219 treaty of , 84 French negotiations with, 79 Drich, Josef, 166 navigators from, 55

...... 10888$ INDX 08-05-04 15:17:56 PS PAGE 423 424 Index enlightened absolutism, 86–93 Fourth Plan, 197–98 Enlightenment France end of Austrian period of, 97, 102 alliance system of, 189 Estate requests as reflection of, 93 appeasement by, 203 Jesuits against, 98 Austrian domination by, 96 scientific method of, 86 betrayal of Czechoslovakia by, 204 Epiphany Declaration, 170 Bohemian Estates appeal to, 66 Erlach, Johann Bernhard Fischer von, 77 Bourbon dynasty in, 97 archbishopric of Esztergom, 14 Continental System by, 96 Ethnographic Exhibition (1895), 162–63 Czech regiments in, 219 Eugene of Savoy, 78, 80 English negotiations with, 79 Europe fall of in, 212 economic/political shift of, 55 fear of Germany by, 162 Thirty Years’ War for, 67–71 for, 97 European Convention on Human Rights, 325 Louis XIV conflicts for, 68 European Court of Human Rights, 325 navigators from, 55 European Recovery Program, 227, 228 Prussian defeat by, 96 European Union republic in, 116 entrance into, xx, 298, 319, 326–31 revolution in, 93, 116 institutions of, xvii treaty of Scho¨ nbrunn for, 96 Export-Import Bank, 227 Second Empire for, 116 Extraordinary Fourteenth Party Congress, subordination of allies by, 96 264, 265, 266 Thirty Years’ War for, 68, 71 Extraordinary People’s Courts, 224 and, 97 Francis Ferdinand, 163 Francis I. See Francis II famine, 88 Francis II (1792–1835) Father Cˇ ech, 12. See also Slovakia anti-French coalitions by, 95 February Patent, 128–29, 130 declaration of war on, by French Constit- Federal Assembly, 268, 290, 301–2, 370n43 uent Assembly, 95 federalism, 128, 130, 133, 267, 300 dislike of change by, 108 federation, concept of, 302 of Austria as Francis I, 96 Felbiger, Johann Andreas, 89 views by, 93 Ferdinand II, 66, 69, 70, 71 as , 96 Ferdinand III, 71 reform under, 102, 103 Ferdinand V of Czechoslovakia, 104 Russian-Austrian cooperation under, 103, Ferndinand I (1835–1848), 57, 59, 61, 104, 124–25 119, 122 Francis Joseph (1848–1916) A Few Sentences, 285 death of, 165, 166 Fierlinger, Zdeneˇk, 222, 225, 229 declaration of war by, 161 First Coalition War, 95 as and King of Hun- First Crusade, 24–25 gary, 130–31 First Czechoslovak Army Group, 220 legislation of, 153 First Independent Czechoslovak Regiment, neoabsolutism by, 126 219 reign of, xx, 122, 124, 125 First Republic, 233, 278 viribus unitis slogan for, 124 of November 2, 1938, withdrawal of the Ausgleich by, 136 206 Francis Stephen of Lorraine, 80, 84, 87 Five Laws of Socialist Economics, 278 Franciscans, 25 Forced (TNP), xxv, 238 Franco-Swedish War, 68. See also Thirty Fourteen Points, 170 Years’ War

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Franconia, 12, 47 German-Austria, 170, 172 Frank, Karl Hermann, 210, 211, 213, 214, German Confederation, 108 215–16 Congress of Vienna for, 97 Frankfurt Parliament, 117, 118–19 German under, 103, 110 Franks, kingdom of, 10, 12 unification by, 117 Frantisˇek Palacky´. See German Front, 151 Franz Joseph. See Francis Joseph German National Party (DNP), xxiv, 181 Franz Kafka, xx German National Socialist Worker’s Party Frederick Augustus III of and , (DNSAP), xxiv, 181, 193 84 German Social Democrats, 181, 184–85 Frederick I Barbarossa, 17 Germany Frederick II, 19, 21, 69 Austrian Anschluss with, 189 Frederick II of Prussia, 83 Bohemian Estates appeal to, 66 Frederick of the Palatinate, 66–67 colonization by, 63 of Prussia, 86 Czech refusal of, 116 Frederick Wilhelm of Prussia, 117 Czech submission to, 13 Frederick William II of Prussia, 93, 95 in Czechoslovakia, xvii freedom of assembly, association and peti- East German from, 285 tion, 293 economic interests of, 211, 214 freedom of press, 124, 135, 148, 164, 230, Frankfurt Parliament in, 117, 118–19 236, 244, 252, 265 French fear of, 162 Freedom Party (SS), xxv for, 212 Freedom Union (US), xxv, 316 Hitler’s demands upon Czechoslovakia, Freemasons, 99 204–5 French Constituent Assembly Hitler’s rise to power in, 193 declaration of war for Bohemia/Hungary location of, 3 by, 95 Nazis in, xvi, 193, 194 French Revolution, 93, 95, 99 occupation of Czechoslovakia by, 207 Fricˇ, Josef Va´clav, 121 proximity of Czechoslovakia to, 220–21 Frick, Wilhelm, 210 rearmament of, 193 Friedman, Milton, 315 Reichstag elections for, 121 Treaty of Friendship, Mutual Assistance, and social order/ of, 113 Postwar Cooperation, 221 unification of, 117, 130 Fu¨ gner, Jindrˇich, 132 Union of Germans from Bohemia, Mora- Fulbright-Hays Faculty Research Abroad, xx via, and Silesia for the Preservation of Fundamental Articles, 135–36 their Nationality and, 118 Gierek, 273 Gabcˇ´ık, Jozef, 212, 214, 358n26 Gleichheit (Equality) (newspaper), 142 Gabcˇ´ıkovo-Nagymaros dam, 6 globalization, reality of, xix–xx Golden Bull, 36 jacquerie of 1846 in, 121 Golden Bull of Sicily, 19 Reichstag elections in, 121 Golia´n, Ja´n, 217, 218 Russian offensive in, 164 Goll, Jaroslav, 139 Kingdom of Galicia and , 85 Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 245–46, 257, 258, Gebauer, Jan, 139, 143 269, 273 George, David Lloyd, 168 Gorazd, , 214 George Washington University, xx Gorbachev, Mikhail, 275–76, 277–78, 281– German, Markus, xxi 83, 285 German Agrarians, 181, 196 Go¨ ring, Hermann, 214

...... 10888$ INDX 08-05-04 15:17:57 PS PAGE 425 426 Index

Gothic era European conflicts for, 59 architecture as, 25, 33, 35, 54 federalism for, 128, 130 Renaissance supersedes, 55 Ferdinand I rule over, 59, 61–62 Romanticism in celebration of, 102 finances of, 87 Gottwald, Klement, 181–82, 207, 211, 220, Francis II as monarch of, 95–97 221, 226, 227, 230–31, 233, 235, 242 French-Russian coalition with, 85 Grauner, Frantisˇek August, 114 French efforts and, 70 Great Britain. See England Fundamental Articles for, 135–36 Great College. See Charles College under German control, 168–69 Great Depression industrialization in, 139–45, 349n22 Czech economy and, 190–91 infrastructure of, 127 Czech politics and, 191–95, 199 integration of, 68 Great Privilegium of 1222, 19 king of, as Holy Roman Emperor, 56 Great Retribution Decree, 224 Land Diet within, 57, 104, 117, 126, 128– Greater German Reich, 208 29, 132 Grechko, Andrei, 269 Maximilian I for, 33, 59 Gregory VII, 16 possessions of, 60 Gregory XI, 36 reforms of, 75, 86–90 Gregory XII, 41 Renewed Land Ordinance for, 69–70 Gre´gr, Eduard, 133, 139 rise of, 56–57 Gre´gr, Julius, 129, 133 Seven Years’ War for, 85 Grenzboten (newspaper), 115 Thirty Years’ War for, 68–71 grossdeutsch solution (Great German), 117, Turkish conflict with, 68, 78, 86 122 war between Hungary and, 122 gubernia (royal offices), 87, 91, 103, 104, Habsburg-Lorraine house, 80 126 Habsburg Revolution of 1848, 102, 117–18, Guta of Habsburg, 23 124 gymnasium (school for humanities), 63 Ha´cha, Emil, 207, 208, 213, 215 gypsies. See Czech Roma Hadrian II, 11 Hager, Kurt, 258 Ha´ba family, xxi Haider, Jo¨ rg, 328, 329 Habrman, Gustav, 168 Ha´jek, 266 Habsburg empire Hajn, Alois, 150 Bohemian contributions to, 78 Halifax, Lord, 197 Cisleithania as, 130–31, 135–36, 145 Hanka, Va´clav. See Rukopis kra´love´dvorsky´/ civil code for, 108 zelenohorsky´ collapse of, xvi Hartmann, 118 collapse of monarchy in, 130, 146 Hasˇek, Jaroslav, 158, 233 consolidation of, 61, 72 Haugwitz, Friedrich Wilhelm, 84, 86–87 Czech achievements under, 175 Havel, Va´clav, xv, 270, 276, 279, 285, 291, Czech national renascence under, 98, 292, 294, 298–99, 304–5, 308, 311 111–12 Havl´ıcˇek, Karel, 115, 116, 124, 125–26 Czechoslovakia as, xvii Havra´nek, Jan, xx–xxi December Constitution of 1867 for, 131 health spas, 110 Declaration of Pillnitz for, 95 Final Act, 279 defeat of, by Napoleon, 95 Helvetian confession, 91 Defenestration of Prague for, 44, 66 Henlein, Konrad, 193, 195, 196 emergence of, 22 Henry I (the Fowler), 12–13 end of Holy Roman Empire under, 95–96, Henry III, 16 172 Henry IV, 16

...... 10888$ INDX 08-05-04 15:17:58 PS PAGE 426 Index 427

Henry of Carinthia, 29–30 humanist thought, 54 Henry VII, 30 humanists, Italian, 35 Herben, Jan, 143 humanitarian democracy, 198. See also Ma- Herbst, Eduard, 151 saryk, Toma´sˇ Garrigue Hercegovina, administration of, 137 Hungarian Soviet Republic, 176–77 Herder, Johann Gottfried von, 112 Hungary heresy, 39, 42–43, 46, 52, 59 Austrian conquest of, 123 Herold, Josef, 139 concessions by, 178 Heydrich, Reinhard, 195, 210, 212, 213 Czech influence by, 15–16 Hilsner, Leopold, 157–58 dualism of Austria and, 87, 168 Himmler, Heinrich, 195, 212 East German refugees from, 285 Historical Institute of the Czech Academy of Francis Joseph as king of, 130 Sciences, xxi, 267 independence of, 125 history, interpretation of, xvi Jelacˇic´ invasion of, 122 Hitler, Adolf, 193, 196, 204, 205, 217 Kingdom of, 117 Hlahol choral union, 132 Lawful Revolution by, 122 Hlas (The Voice) (journal), 162 liberation of, 78 Hlavacˇka, , xxi Ottoman invasion of, 59 Hlinka, Andrej, 181, 185 population transfer for, 224 Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party (HSL’S), xxiv, rebellion in, 246 181, 188, 192, 194, 207, 220 revisionism in, 301 Hodzˇa, Milan, 181, 186, 194, 195, 197, 205, Russian intervention in, 124–25 218 Slovak fear of, 217 -Welf conflicts, 18–19 Turkish control of, 78 , 17, 18–19, 20 Vladislav II as king of, 56–57 Hohenwart, Karl Sigmund, 135, 136, 137 Huns, 8 Holland. See Hus of Bohemia, Jan, 39, 41–43, 165, 166, Holy Alliance (1815), 103 186, 187, 238. See also Hussite Refor- Holy Communion, 43. See also Roman Ca- mation tholicism Husa´k, Gusta´v, 217, 229, 239–40, 249, 266, Holy Roman Emperor, 56, 61. See also Habs- 268, 271, 272–75, 287, 292, 308 burg empire Hussite Reformation, xvi, 39, 41–44, 330 Holy Roman Empire Articles of Prague for, 45, 47–48, 50 Czech ties with, 118 Calvinism influence on, 61 end of, 95–96. See also German Confeder- Lutheran influence on, 61 ation Orphans for, 46–47 Honecker, Erich, 273, 286 Praguers for, 46–47 Hoover Institution Press, xix social order under, 56 Hora´kova´, Milada, 239 Ta´borites for, 45, 46–47 Horthy, Miklo´ s, 178 warfare during, 46–47. See also Roman Hospodine, pomiluj ny (Czech hymn), 24, Catholicism 307 HZDS. See Movement for a Democratic Slo- House, Court, and State Archive, xxi vakia bishopric of Hradec Kra´love´,76 HRM. See Movement of Revolutionary IMF. See International Monetary Fund Youth Imperial Diploma of October 20, 1860. See Hrub´ın, Frantisˇek, 245 October Diploma HSL’S. See Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party Indra, Alois, 255 Human Rights Committee, 325 , sale of, 40, 41–42. See also Humanism in Bohemia, 63 Roman Catholicism

...... 10888$ INDX 08-05-04 15:17:58 PS PAGE 427 428 Index industrialization, 139–45, 185, 190–91, gymnasia by, 64 223–24, 349n22 Prague university given to, 69 industry restoration of, 108 nationalization of, 223–24, 227, 240–41 Jewish Codex, 217 privatization of, 295–97, 374n47 Jews Ingr, Sergej, 219 attacks against, 107, 207 Institute for Documentation and Investiga- in Czechoslovakia, xvii, 200 tion of the Crimes of Communism expulsion of, 90 (U´ DV), xxv extermination of, 211, 215 Institute for Economic Forecasting, 277 land reform against, 359n37 Institute for European, Russian, and Eurasian pogroms for, 24–25, 38 Studies, xx restitution to, 296–97 interdicts, 42 restrictions on, 91, 210–11 International Bank for Reconstruction and in Slovakia, 200, 216–17 Development, 298 social order for, 56 International Monetary Fund, 298 Statuta Judaeorum for, 25 International Research and Exchanges Board, support of, by German liberalism, 157 xx Jindrˇich, Jan, 33, 36 International Students’ Day, 286, 368n5 Jindrˇich, Vladislav, 17, 22 investment funds, 296 Jira´sek, Alois, 39, 158 Irish Franciscans, 76 Jirˇ´ı of Podeˇbrady, 50, 51–52, 53–54 Iron Age, 7 Joachimsthal, 4–6 Iron Ring of the Right, 137, 138 John of Luxemburg, 30–31, 32, 36 Italian humanism, 55 John Paul II, 286 , 10 John VIII, 11 Congress of Oppressed Nationalities in, John XXIII, 41–42 169 Joseph I (1705–1711), 78–79 loss of Lombardy/Venetia by, 97, 117, 125 Joseph II (1765–1790) unification of, 116, 128, 130 enlightened absolutism of, 90–92 ius teutonicum (German or emphyteutic law), as Holy Roman Emperor, 85 20 reforms of, 75, 86, 88, 90–92, 99, 103, Zˇ ivnobanka. See Tradesmen’s Bank for Bohe- 108 mia and Moravia succession of, 85 , 108 Ja´chymov. See Joachimsthal Josˇt of Moravia, 37 Ja´chymov, mines of, 61 Jubilee Exhibition of 1891, 159 conspiracy, 97, 99 Judita bridge, 18, 24, 33, 35 jacquerie of 1846, 121 Jungmann, Josef, 112, 113 , 48, 49, 52, 54–56 JZD. See Unified Agricultural Jakesˇ, Milosˇ, 273, 275, 288, 289 Jakoubek of Strˇibro, 43, 45, 52 K231. See Club 231 Jaksch, Wenzel, 220 Ka´da´r, Ja´nos, 257, 258, 261, 269, 273 ibn Jakub, Ibrahim, 14 Kadlec, Karen, xx–xxi James I, 67 Kafka, Franz, 158 Jan of Pomuk, 37 Kaizl, Josef, 143, 147, 148, 152 Jaroslav, 10 , 21 Jelacˇic´, Josip, 122 KAN. See Club of Engaged Nonpartisans Jesuits -Plzenˇ -Cˇ eske´ Budeˇjovice, line education by, 62, 64, 69 of, 222 Enlightenment against, 98 , 78

...... 10888$ INDX 08-05-04 15:17:59 PS PAGE 428 Index 429

Karlsbad Program, 197–98 Krama´rˇ, Karel, 143, 147, 149, 152, 162, 165, Ka´rolyi, Miha´ly, 176 166, 168, 171–72, 181–82 Kaunitz, Wenzel Anton, 84–85 Kramerius, Va´clav Mateˇj, 98 Kavan, Jan, 300, 329 Krasnicky´ family, xxi Kazimir, 51 Krcˇ´ın, Jakub, 6 Kde domov muy¨arj? (Where is my home?, Kreditn´ı Banka Plzenˇ , 313 1843) (Tyl0, 114 Krejcˇ´ı, Jaroslav, 208 KDH. See Christian-Democratic Movement Kremsier Reichstag, 122–23, 124 KDU. See Christian-Democratic Union Kriegel, Frantisˇek, 262–63, 265 Kelly, Mills, xx–xxi Krofta, Kamil, 195, 204, 206 Kennan, George F., 214, 224 Kronika Boleslavska´ (Czech chronicle), 30 Kepler, Johannes, 63, 64 KSCˇ . See Communist Party of Czechoslo- KGB, 264 vakia Khrushchev, Nikita, 244–45, 249 KSCˇ M. See Communist Party of Bohemia Kilder, Drahom´ır, 249 and Moravia Kindermann, Ferdinand, 89 KSS. See Communist Party of Slovakia ‘‘Ktozˇ su´ bozˇ´ı bojovn´ıci’’ (All ye warriors of location/topography of, 4 God), 47 ´, Franz Joseph, 100 Kubisˇ, Jan, 212, 214, 358n26 Kinsky´,Va´clav Norbert, 79 Kubisˇova´, Marta, 289 Kisch, Egon Erwin, 158 Kun, Be´la, 176–77 Klaus, Va´clav, 295, 296, 304–5, 308, 311, Kundera, Milan, 3, 251 313–14, 329, 331 Kunhuta, 19, 22 kleindeutsch solution (Small German), 117, Kuranda, Ignatz, 118 125 Kusy´, Miroslav, 290 Klicpera, Va´clav Kliment, 113–14 Kutna´ Hora. See Kuttenberg Klofa´cˇ, Va´clav, 150, 157, 162, 164, 168, 181, Kuttenberg, 4–6, 21, 46, 52–54, 58 186 Kveˇty (Blossoms) (journal), 114 Klusa´kova´, Ludy¨aea, xxi KoB. See Consolidation Bank Labe River. See Elbe River Kozˇeny´, Viktor, 296 Lacina, Vladimır, xxi Koerber, Ernst von, 152 ´ Kohl, Helmuth, 299, 329 Lada automobile, import of, 276 Kohout, 270 Ladislav Posthumous, 51 Kolder, Drahom´ır, 255 land Kolla´r, Jan, 112 church of, 90, 183 Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky, Franz Anton, 104 confiscation of, 69, 183, 225 Komensky´, Jan Amos, 75, 289 private ownership of, 18 Ko¨ nigsberg. See Kaliningrad Raabization of, 89 Konra´d Ota II, 18 social order and, 56 Konra´d Ota of , 17 Land Court, 22, 51, 57, 73. See also nobility Korvin, Ma´tya´s. See Corvinus, Matthias Land Diet, 57, 104, 117, 126, 128–29 Korybut, Sigismund, 48–49 Land Registers, 57 Kosˇice government, 222, 223 landfry´d (territorial peace), 38, 51 Kossuth, 125 language ´ciuszko, Tadeusz, 95 Czech as, 130, 137, 180 Kosygin, Alexei, 259, 264–65 Czech v. German, 77, 85, 93, 98, 100, 109, Kova´cˇ, Michal, 305 111–12, 117, 156 Kozina, Jan Sladky´,74 German in Bohemia as, 114–15, 137 Kra´love´dvorsky´ manuscript. See Rukopis Lansing, Robert, 169 kra´love´dvorsky´/zelenohorsky´ Laterna magica (Magic Lantern), 288

...... 10888$ INDX 08-05-04 15:17:59 PS PAGE 429 430 Index

Latins, xvii, 3 Lueger, Karl, 151 Law 231, 238 Lumı´r (journal), 143 , 178, 189, 190, 193, 204 treaty of Lune´ville, 95 Learned Club, 99 Lurago, Carlo, 77 Legend of St. Va´clav, 24 , Lower/Upper, 33, 47, 52, 56 Le´nart, Jozef, 250, 290 lustration law, 299–300, 311 Lenin, Vladimir, 184 Lutheran Augsburg confession, 63, 91 Leo XIII, 151 Lutheran National Party, 192 Leopold, bishop of Passau, 65 Lutheran Reformation, 53, 58–59, 63 Leopold I, 74, 78 Leopold II (1790–1792) Bohemian Confession for, 62–63, 91 death of, 93 Joseph II’s toleration for, 91, 92 as king of Bohemia, 93, 100, 159 Letter of Majesty for, 65, 70 police system by, 97 spread of, 56 policies of, 88, 103 Luxemburg, 33 Lessons from the Crisis Development in the Luxemburg family, 29–33, 38, 42 Party and Society after the Thirteenth Luzˇa, Vojteˇch, 215 Congress of the KSCˇ , 273, 274, 282 Letter of Majesty, 65, 70 Ma´ vlast (Smetana), 4 Lettrich, Jozef, 217, 225, 229 Ma´cha, Karel Hynek, 114 Libusˇe, 12, 83 Maffie, 166 , destruction of, 212, 358n27 the Magyars, 11–12, 13, 221 Lidove´ noviny (newspaper), 147 Maiestas Carolina (laws), 35 Life of St. Methodius, 11 Main Administration of Press Supervision, Linda, Va´clav, 113. See also Rukopis kra´- 236, 253 love´dvorsky´/zelenohorsky´ Ma´j (May, 1836) (Ma´cha), 114 Lipno dam, 6 Malecˇkova´, Jitka, xx–xxi Litera´rnı´ noviny (Literary News), 251 Maly´ (the Small), 46–47 literature Ma´nes, Josef, 132 Committee for the Scientific Development Mannerism, 65 of the Czech Language and Literature Margrave of Moravia, 17, 31, 46, 51. See and, 113 also Charles of Luxemburg; Jindrˇich, Vlad- growth of, 98 islav Matice ceska´ and, 113 Prague’s cultural scene in, 158 death of, 90 prose/poetry for, 113–14 marriage of, 80 bishopric of Litomeˇrˇice, 76 reform of taxation by, 86–87 the Little Entente, 189–90, 193 reforms of, 75, 86–90 Lizner, Jaroslav, 312 religious toleration of, 90 Lizner Affair, 312 War of the Austrian Succession and, 84. Locarno Treaties, 190 See also Habsburg empire Lo¨ hner, Ludwig von, 118 , 85 Louis (Ludvı´k), 58–59 Marie Louise, marriage between Napoleon , 10 and, 96 Louis XIV, 68, 95 Marke´ta of Valois, 31 Louis XV of France, 84 Marshall, George C., 227 Louis XVI, 85 Marshall Plan, 227 treaty at Lu¨ beck, 69 Martin Agreement of 1918, 188 Ludwig, Archduke, 104 Martin V, 43, 49 Ludwig of Bavaria, 30, 31, 32 Marxism-Leninism, 244, 271, 290

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Masaryk, Jan, 226–28, 229–30, 233, 360n55 Czech university in, 153 Masaryk, Toma´sˇ Garrigue, xv, xvi, 139, 143, diet in, 56 144, 147, 150, 157, 162, 166, 187 German Confederation for, 97 as Czech president, 171–72, 175, 181, 185, governance of, 126, 135, 136 187, 294 Hussite reformation in, 42 death of, 197 Jewish legal code for, 25 policies of, 182, 193, 202, 219 Jews in, 200, 210–11, 215 vision by, xvi, 331 land diet within, 132, 136 Masonic lodge. See Freemasons liberation of, 222 Mass of Brotherhood, 121 location of, 4 master of mint, 21, 35 population of, 156 Mateˇj of Janov, 40 relationship between Bohemia and, 15–16 Matica slovenska´ (cultural foundation), 192 Rudolf power in, 22 Matice cˇeska´ (literary foundation), 111, 113 Silesia merger with, 188 Matthias, Archduke, 65–66 tribal grouping of, 10 Matthias of Arras, 33 Union of Germans from Bohemia, Mora- Maximilian I/II, 33, 59, 62 via, and Silesia for the Preservation of May Conspiracy, 125 their Nationality and, 118 May Crisis, 197 Moravian Field, 22 May Day Parade, 237, 259 Moravian Pact, 152–53 Mecˇiar, Vladimir, 295, 302–4, 305 Moravian People’s Party, 147 Meissner, 118 Moscow Protocol, 265 men of Munich. See Munich Conference Mount Ta´bor, 44, 45 Metalworkers’ Union, 267–68 Movement for a Democratic Slovakia Methodius, 11, 24 (HZDS), xxiv, 295, 304 Metternich, Klemens Wenzel, 96, 102, 103, Movement of Revolutionary Youth (HRM), 104, 117 xxiv, 278. See also Revolutionary Social- Meyers, Nancy L., xx–xxi ist Party Meyrink, Gustav, 158 Munich Conference (1938), xv, 3, 203, 205, Michael III, 11 220, 298 Mikula´sˇ of Pelhrˇimov, 45 Muscovy, rise of, 56 Mil´ıcˇ of Kromeˇrˇ´ızˇ, Jan, 40 Musician’s Union, 281 Military Center, 217 Miller, Petr, 289 Nagy, Imre, 246 minnesinger, 25 Napoleon Minorities Treaty, 178 abdication of, 96–97 Mitrowsky, Anton Friedrich, 104 Hundred Days for, 97 Mitterrand, Franc¸ois, 285 invasion of Russia by, 96 Mjom´ırI,10 marriage between Marie Louise and, 96 Mlada´ fronta (Young Front), 288. See also military status of, 95 Socialist Union of Youth nephew of, 116 Mnˇ acˇko, Ladislav, 251 Battle of Waterloo for, 97. See also France Mojm´ır, 10 Napoleon III Moldau River. See River coup d’e´tat by, 116 , 127 Second Empire for, 116, 135 Mommsen, Theodor, 149 Venetia ceded to, 130 monasteries, 53, 91 , 105–6 River, 4 Na´prstek, Vojteˇch, 132 Moravec, Emanuel, 208, 212 Na´rod (The Nation) (newspaper), 133 Moravia Na´rodn´ı listy (National Paper), 129, 133, Czech national renascence in, 111 139, 159, 160

...... 10888$ INDX 08-05-04 15:18:00 PS PAGE 431 432 Index

Na´rodn´ı noviny (National News), 119, 125 nationalism v., 126 Nasˇe Slovensko (Our Slovakia, 1907–1910) reform of, 128 (revue), 163 state bureaucracy for, 126 Na´stup (Step Forward) (journal), 192 support of, 126 Na´stupists, 192 Neolithic Age (New Stone Age), 7 nation-state Nepomucene, John, 76 Czech national renascence for, 98, 110, Netherlands 111–12 Bohemian Estates appeal to, 66 homogeneity of, xvii gain of Belgian provinces by, 97 idea of, xvii navigators from, 55 National Assembly, 267. See also Federal As- recognition of, 71 sembly Neue freie Presse (newspaper), 149 National Committee, 118, 182, 210, 212, Neurath, Konstantin von, 208, 210–12 357n21 New Course, 243–44 NF. See National Front National Community, 210, 212, 357n21 , 103 National Democratic Party, 181, 194, 204 Austrian military assistance by, 125 National Endowment for the Humanities, xx Austrian ultimatum to, 127–28 National Front (NF), xxv, 194, 220, 221, Hungarian surrender to, 125 223, 225–27, 290 reign of, 103, 125 National Land Fund, 224–25 Niebelungenlied, 113 National League, 194 nobility National Liberal Party, 136. See also Young in Bohemia, 17–18, 30–31, 42, 58–59, Czechs 116, 129 of the Czech Republic, xxi church v., 35, 37, 42 National Museum Library, xxi, 104, 159 clergy unity with, 22 National Oath (Jira´sek), 170 as cultural patrons, 109 National Party of Labor, 207 Czech national renascence influence on, National Socialists, 157, 182, 223 98, 110, 111–12 National Theater, 135, 143, 159 income of, 58 National Union, 194 influence/power of, 17–18, 58–59, 72–73 nationalism opposition to Leopold II by, 97 impact of, xvii, 103, 110, 146, 156–57 religious exile for, 71 neoabsolutism v., 126 Renaissance architecture for, 64 nationalization of industry, 223–24, 227, structural reform of, 87 240–41 support of king by, 31–32 NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organiza- taxation of, 121 tion territorial patriotism for, 99–100 navigation, ocean towns v., 58 Turkish threat to, 55, 57 uprising of, 22 normalization, 262–69, 270, 275, 308 Czech peril from, 195 North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 324, Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of August 326 Nostitz, Albert, 119 1939, 211 Nostitz-Rieneck, Franz Anton, 98 Nejedly´, Zdeneˇk, 238 nostrification law, 183 Nemci, 8, 334n10 ˇ Notabene Lingua Workstation, xxi neo-Nazi ideology, 322 Novomesky´, Ladislav, 217, 239–40 Neo-Slavism, 163 Novotny´, Anton´ın, 242, 246, 251, 258, 266 Neo-Utraquists, 59–61, 62–63, 91 neoabsolutism October Diploma, 128 Czech movement under, 125–26 octroi (imperial decree), 123

...... 10888$ INDX 08-05-04 15:18:01 PS PAGE 432 Index 433

ODA. See Civic Democratic Alliance Pacem in Terris, 281 ODS. See Civic Democratic Party Padlock Editions, 279 OECD, 309 Palach, Jan, 268, 278, 285 OF. See Civic Forum Palacky´, Frantisˇek, 105, 118, 119, 120, 125, Office for the Documentation and Investiga- 129, 132–33, 134, 136, 331 tion of the Crimes of Communism (DV), Pan-German League, 149 311–12 Pan-, 151 OH. See Civic Movement Pa´nek, Jaroslav, xxi Old Czech Annals, 56 the papacy, 9, 31, 32, 42, 44, 49, 53. See also Old Czechs, 132–33, 136–37, 147, 150, 168 Avignon; Christianity; Roman Catholicism Old-New Synagogue, 25 Paris Peace Conference, 176, 177, 198 Old Utraquists, 59–61, 62 Parler, Peter, 33 Societas Incognitorum, 99 Partnership for Peace, 325 bishopric of Olomouc, 16 Party of National Unity, 207 Omladina (Youth) trial, 147, 148 Party of the Democratic Left (SDL’), xxv, 295 Ondrˇej, bishop of Prague, 19 Party of Work (SP), xxv OPEC oil crisis of 1974, 277 , 78 Operation Danube, 260–62 bishopric of Passau, 10 Opletal, Jan, 211, 284, 286 Patriarch Photius, 11 Oranienburg concentration camp, 211 patriciate, 20–21 Orebites, 45, 46. See also Hussite Reforma- Patriotic Museum, 104, 109, 112–13. See tion also Czech National Museum Organization for Security and Cooperation in Patriotic Theater, 98 Europe (OSCE), 324 patriotism. See Czech national renascence Orlicke´ Hory. See Sudeten Mountains Patton, George, 222 Orl´ık dam, 6 Pax Sancti Wenceslai (peace, order, state of Orphans, 46, 49. See also Hussite Reforma- St. Va´clav), 18 tion; Zˇ izˇka of Trocnov, Jan Peace of , 68, 71, 75 Orthodox Christians, 91 peasantry Orthodox Church of Sts. Cyril and Method- Czech national renascence influence on, ius, 214 98, 110, 111–12 OSCE. See Organization for Security and Co- emancipation of, 127 operation in Europe exile by, 71 Ostrogoths, 8 labor of, 58 Osusky´, Stefan, 218–19 nobility relationship with, 88, 91, 107–8, Otakar I, 15, 17, 18–19 129 Otakar II, 21, 22, 25, 34 poverty of, 77 Otava River, 4–6 Provincial Peasant’s Union for the King- Otto, Jan, 159 dom of Bohemia for, 142, 151 Otto I, 13, 14 rebellion by, 74, 108 Otto III, 14 religious liberty for, 65, 71 Otto of Brandenburg, 22 rights for, 58, 73 robota for, 58, 73, 74, 88–89, 92, 108, Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 for, 163 117, 119, 121, 127 Hungarian invasion by, 59 second for, 73 Italian aims for, 162 Selske´ noviny (Peasants’ News) for, 142 loss of Bukovina by, 85 Pecka, Josef Boleslav, 142 Ottu¨ v slovn´ık naucˇny´ (encyclopedia) (Otto), Pekarˇ, Josef, 77 159 People’s Militia, 230, 275, 289 Oul (Beehive), 142 People’s Party, 181, 204, 223, 225

...... 10888$ INDX 08-05-04 15:18:02 PS PAGE 433 434 Index perestroika/glasnost, 277–78, 283, 285. See pragocentrism, 302 also Gorbachev, Mikhail Prague Peter III, 85 archbishopric of, 32, 35, 37, 41, 49, 53, the Peˇtka (the Five), 183, 185, 186, 220, 223 62, 66 Petrarca, Francesco, 36 bishopric of, 14, 40 PHARE, 328 Charles University in, 35, 211, 267 Philip V of , 84 Clementinum at, 64, 76 Piarists, 76 Czech/German universities in, 40–41, 64, Piasts, 21, 23, 335n31 137, 157 , 127–28 Czech national renascence for, 98, 111–12, P´ıka, Heliodor, 238, 361n15 114 Pilip, Ivan, 315 Defenestration of, 44, 66 Piller, Jan, 253, 362n39 defense of, 71 P´ısek bridge, 24 Franco-Bavarian occupation of, 90 Pithart, Petr, 302, 303, 307 inquisition in, 40 Pittsburgh Agreement, 185 Lesser Quarter in, 65–66, 71 Pius II, 52 liberation of, 222 Pius IX, 116 martial law in, 125, 147, 148, 149–50 Pius XII, 218 May Conspiracy for, 125 plague, 37, 38, 43, 74, 106 New Town in, 44–45 Plastic People of the Universe, 279 Old-New Synagogue in, 25 Plener, Ernst von, 151 in, 18, 33, 38, 44–45, 53, 54 Plzenˇ brewery, 106–7 reformation in, 40 Podgorny, Nikolai, 259 revolution in, 121, 122 Podlipska´,Sofie, 132 student uprising in, 114, 211, 358n23 pogroms, 24–25, 38. See also Jews tourism in, xv Poland trade in, 13–14, 37, 153 collapse of, 211 uprising in, 53 Czech relations with, 15–16, 189 urban renewal of, 159 in Czechoslovakia, xvii Prague Carolinum, 66 Hitler’s attack on, 217 Prague grosˇ,21 insurrection in, 103 Prague Slav Congress, 119, 345n37 partitions of, 85, 95, 97 , xv, 252–57, 267, 269, 276, Piasts in, 21, 23, 335n31 282, 289. See also Czechoslovakia rejection of Marshall Plan by, 227–28 Prague University duchy of Tesˇ´ın and, 177 destruction/closure of, 211, 284, 286 police, secret. See State Security Hussite reformation at, 43–44 police directorates, 104, 115 isolation of, 64 Polish October, 246 Jesuit control of, 69 Poor Clares, 25 organization of, 40–41, 137 population transfer, 220, 222 student strike at, 267, 286–90, 287 Portuguese navigators, 55 Praha. See Prague post-Tridentine Catholicism, 65, 76 Prazˇske´ noviny (newspaper), 114, 115–16 Potocki, Alfred, 135 Pravda, 282 Potsdam Conference, 224 Pra´vo lidu (The People’s Right) (newspaper), Powder Tower, 54 159 Prazˇa´k, Alois, 129, 135 Prchala, Lev, 219 Praemonstratensians, 17, 76 Prˇemysl, 10, 17, 19–20, 22 Pragmatic Sanction, 79–80. See also Charles Prˇemyslid dynasty, xvi, 12, 13, 14, 15, 37, VI (1711–1740) 42, 307

...... 10888$ INDX 08-05-04 15:18:03 PS PAGE 434 Index 435

Prˇemyslovna, Elisˇka, 30 Radio Moscow, 215 Presl, J.S., 113 Radio Vltava, 262, 364n4 Treaty of Pressburg, 96 Rasˇ´ın, Alois, 150, 165, 166, 168, 171, 185, prˇestavba, 278 352n3 Prˇ´ıbram. See Przibram Rasˇin, Ladislav, 205, 206 Pr´ıhody (Adventures) (Vratislav), 64 Treaty of Rastatt, 79 primogeniture, 19, 29 Razus, Martin, 192 printing press, 54 Realism, 143, 147 privatization of industry, 295–97, 347n47 Realist Party. See Czech Progressive Party Procopius, 24 , 217 Progressive Movement, 147 Reformation Commission, 76 Prokop Holy´ (the Bald), 46–47, 49 bishopric of Regensburg, 10, 12, 13 Prokop the Great. See Prokop Holy´ Reichsrat, 137, 148–49, 164, 165, 167–68 Proku˚ pek. See Maly´ Reinforced Reichsrat, 128, 130 , church, 19, 42, 46, 50, 89 Reichstag, 121–22, 128–29, 131 Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, 207, Imperial Reichstag, 124 208, 210–12, 214–16 Kremsier Reichstag, 124 Protestant Reformation, 56, 59, 69 Reicin, Bedrˇich, 240 Proti vsˇem (Against All) (Jira´sek), 39 Rejcˇka, Elisˇka, 23 Provincial Peasant’s Union for the Kingdom Rejsek, Matej, 54 of Bohemia, 142 religious liberty, 65, 117 Provisional National Assembly, 225 religious toleration, 53, 90, 91, 92 Prussia Renaissance Austria indemnity to, 130 architecture of, 64–65 Austrian rapprochement with, 93, 95 cultural change for, 55 Convention of Westminster by, 84 Rudolf II and, 63 defeat of Germany by, 117 signs of, 54 French defeat of, 96 Renewed Land Ordinance, 69–70, 79 partition of Poland by, 95 Repeal (Czech association), 115 Saxony attack by, 85 Rerum novarum (papal encyclical), 151 war between Austria and, 130, 135 Rescript of April 8, 1848, 117–18. See also Przibram, 4–6 Austria; Bohemia Psˇtross, Frantisˇek, 132 restitution, 296–97 Public Against Violence (VPN), xxvi, 288, revisionism, 246–47 290, 293–95 Revolution of 1848. See Habsburg Revolu- Public Rights Protector, 323 tion of 1848 Office of Public Enlightenment, 212 Revolutionary National Assembly punktace (points), 139, 147, 159 actions by, 178, 262 purges, 239–40, 243–44, 248–49, 274 creation of, 182 purkmistr (mayor), 20–21 Czech constitution by, 175, 178, 180, Putin, Vladimir, 329, 331 353n15 Revolutionary National Council, 172 Quadruple Alliance, 103 Revolutionary Socialist Party, 278 Quisling. See collaborators Revolutionary Trade-Unions Movement (ROH), xxv, 223, 226, 236, 241, 262, Raab, Hofrat Franz Anton von, 89 270 Raabization, 89 Richelieu, Cardinal, 70 Radetzky, Joseph, 116, 122, 125 Ried, Benedikt, 54 Radical Progressive Party, 150 Rieger, Frantisˇek Ladislav, 114, 119, 122, Radio Free Europe, 236 125, 129, 132–33, 134, 136, 138, 139

...... 10888$ INDX 08-05-04 15:18:04 PS PAGE 435 436 Index

Riegru˚ v slovn´ık naucˇny´ (encyclopedia) -Berlin-Tokyo Axis, 217 (Rieger), 132 Rome Protocols, 193 Rilke, Rainer Maria, 158 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 205, 220 RKZ. See Rukopis kra´love´dvorsky´/zeleno- Rostislav, 10–11 horsky´ Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences, 100 robota (subject labor), 117, 119, 121, 127. Royal Hungary, 59 See also peasantry Ruch (almanac), 143 ROH. See Revolutionary Trade-Unions Ruckdeschel, Maxwell, xxi Movement Rude´ pra´vo (Red Right) (newspaper), 184 Roha´cˇ of Duba´, Jan, 50–51 Rudolf II Rokycana, Jan, 53 abdication of, 65–66 Roma. See Czech Roma acceptance of, 63 Roman Catholicism Letter of Majesty by, 65, 70 Articles of Prague for, 45, 47–48, 50 Mannerism for, 65 Avignon popes for, 31, 36, 38 Renaissance under, 63, 64, 71 Bohemian restoration of, 71, 75–76 Rudolf of Habsburg, 21–22, 22–23. See also building style of, 24 Habsburg empire Communist crackdown on, 239 Rukopis kra´love´dvorsky´/zelenohorsky´ criticism of, 38 (RKZ), 113, 143 cultural appeal of, 75 Ruml, Jan, 315, 316 curia demands on, 40 Runciman, Walter, 197 Edict of Restitution for, 69, 70 Russia education under, 62, 64, 69, 108, 131 Austria as counterbalance to, 118 Ferdinand I restoration of, 61 Austria-Hungary methods with, 160 Ferdinand of Styria restoration of, 66 Bolshevik revolution in, 169 feudal power of, 19 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk by, 169 Hussite church within, 44–45 colonization in, 141 v., 43–44 Czechoslovak Legion in, 169 inquisition by, 39–40 French entente with, 162 neoabsolutism support by, 126 Hungarian intervention by, 124–25 nobility v., 35, 37, 42 partition of Poland by, 95 Pacem in Terris for, 281 Revolution of 1905 for, 153 People’s Party and, 181 as Slavic, 112 political role of, 24, 70 Treaty of Tilsit for, 96 power of, 76 war between and, 136–37. See also as patriots and, 111 Soviet Union property of, 19, 42, 46, 50, 89 Russian Liberation Army, 222 Rerum novarum for, 151 Russophilism, 101, 114, 133 restitution for, 297 Ruthenia, xvii, 177, 206, 207, 221, 222 schools by, 35 secularization of, 91 Saar plebiscite, 193 state control over, 90, 91, 108 Sabina, Karel, 115 support of Slovak independence by, 208 Sˇafarˇ´ık, Pavel Josef, 112, 119 Utraquist opposition to, 58 Treaty of -Germain, 177–78, 180 worldliness of, 40 Saint John of Nepomuk, 37 Roman Empire, 8, 23 bishopric of Salzburg, 10, 21 , 177 samizdat, 279 Romantic historicist style, 109 Samo, 10, 334n14 Romanticism, 102, 110, 113 Saxon , 13 Rome, papacy in, 36 Saxony, 10, 12, 67

...... 10888$ INDX 08-05-04 15:18:04 PS PAGE 436 Index 437 monastery of Sa´zava, 24 Prussian invasion of, 84 Scheiner, Josef, 165 Seven Years’ War over, 85 Schffle, Albert, 135 Union of Germans from Bohemia, Mora- Schmalkaldic League, 61–62 via, and Silesia for the Preservation of Schmerling, Anton von, 128, 130 their Nationality and, 118 treaty of Scho¨ nbrunn, 96 simony, 40, 42. See also Roman Catholicism Scho¨ nerer, Georg von, 149, 151, 157 Sino-Soviet split, 249 schools, particular, 35, 63 Sˇiroky´, Viliam, 221, 242 Schulz, Josef, 143 Sixtus Affair, 168, 169 Schuselka, Franz, 345n37 Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma, 168 Schwarzenberg, Felix, 122, 125, 126 Sˇkoda, Emil, 141 scientific revolution, 55 Sˇkoda automobile, production of, 276 SDL’. See Party of the Democratic Left Sˇkoda-Mlada´ Boleslav, sale of, 295 SdP. See Sladkovsky´, Karel, 132–33 Secessionist style. See Art Nouveau Sla´nsky´, Rudolf, 207, 235, 240 Second Coalition War, 95 Slav Congress, 119, 120, 125 Second Empire. See Napoleon III Slavism, 101, 116, 118, 119, 345n37 Second International, 143 Slavn´ık family, 14 Second Republic, 202 Slavs secret police. See State Security autonomy for, 119, 120, 121, 133, 345n37 Sˇedivy´, Prokop, 98 Czech identification with, 101, 116, 118, Seifert, Jaroslav, 245 119, 345n37 Seliger, Josef, 352n3 linguistics of, 8 Selske´ noviny (Peasants’ News), 142 literature of, 24 seniority, principle of, 16 location of, 3 , 161, 163 manifesto of, 119 serfdom, abolition of, 92 origin of, 8–9 Set of Measures to Improve the System of Sla´vy dcera (The Daughter of Sla´va, 1824) Planned Management of the National (Kolla´r), 112 Economy, 277 Sˇling, Oto, 239–40 Seton-Watson, R.W., xx Slovak Agrarians, 181, 204 Seven Years’ War, 85, 87 Slovak Board of Commissioners, 229 sgraffito, 65 Slovak Democratic Party, 223, 226–27, 229 Shakespeare, William, 3 (SNR), xxv, 171, Shelest, Pyotr, 260 217, 221, 223, 270, 302 Sidor, Karol, 192, 207 Slovak National Party (SNS), xxv, 295 Sigismund, 36, 37, 42, 44–51 Slovak National Uprising, 217–18 Sˇik, Ota, 250, 254, 266, 275 Slova´k (newspaper), 188, 192 Silesia, 47, 49, 52 Slovak People’s Party, 185, 266 administrative separation from Moravia Slovak Soviet Republic, 177 by, 93 Slovakia German Confederation for, 97 Autonomist bloc in, 194 governance of, 136 autonomy of, 185, 192, 201–2, 207, 216 treaty of for, 85 constitution for, 305 land diet within, 132 Czech cessation to, 206 loss of, 87 Czech claim to, 176 Lutheran rights in, 71 in Czechoslovakia, xvii Moravia merger with, 188 economy of, 250 for, 85 fear of Hungary by, 217 population of, 156 independence of, 207

...... 10888$ INDX 08-05-04 15:18:04 PS PAGE 437 438 Index

Slovakia (continued) Sophie, Archduchess, 122 industrial development in, 201 Soukup, 171 Jewish Codex in, 217 South Slavs, 153, 162, 163 Jews in, 200, 216–17 Soviet Bloc, xvi–xvii, 227, 233 language reform in, 192 Soviet Central Group of Forces, 275 liberation of, 221 Soviet Five-Year Plans, 241 loyalty by, to Czecho-Slovakia, 207 Soviet Union nationalism of, 201–2 advance on Slovakia by, 218 occupation of, by Czechs, 207 Czech support of, 227 as part of Czechoslovakia, 180, 255 KGB in, 264 population transfer for, 224 labor camps in, 221 as postwar equal to Czechoslovakia, 221 as member of League of Nations, 193 preferred form of state for, 303t Nazi invasion of, 219, 220 to rejoin as Czechoslovakia, 218 nuclear power of, 4–6 resistance in, 217 objection to Czechoslovak-Polish federa- Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis and, 217 tion by, 221 Samo’s empire as forerunner to, 10, response to Hitler’s demands by, 204 334n14 SP. See Party of Work Slovak National Uprising in, 217–18 Spain, 55, 70, 96 Soviet Union interference in, 221 Spanish , 239 treaty with Germany by, 207–8 Spanish Habsburgs, 78 Slovan (The Slav) (weekly newspaper), 125 Spartakia´da, 243 Slovanske´ starozˇitnosti (Slavic Antiquities, SpytihneˇvI,12 1836–1837) (Sˇafarˇ´ık), 112 Sˇra´mek, Jan, 181, 225 Sloveˇni, 8 Sˇroba´r, Va´vro, 168, 178, 181 Small Retribution Decree of October 27, SS. See Freedom Party 1945, 224 SSM. See Socialist Union of Youth; Union of Sˇmeral, Bohum´ır, 168, 184 Socialist Youth Smetana, Bedrˇich, 4 St. Anne’s Patents, 154 Sˇmidke, Karol, 217, 239 St. Barbara’s church, 54 Smrkovsky´, Josef, 240, 259, 262–66, 268, St. Catherine, 24 270, 272 St. George, 14, 24, 91 SNR. See Slovak National Council St. Ludmila, cult of, 12, 13, 14 SNS. See Slovak National Party St. Nicholas church, 77 Social Democratic Party, 148, 154–55, 168, St. Stephen, 56, 59 182, 185, 204, 223, 234 St. Va´clav, 12–13, 16, 18, 19, 21 Social Insurance Law, 186 Charles IV christened as, 32 Socialist Movement of Czechoslovak Citi- crown of, 56, 63 zens, 278 cult of, 23, 24, 32 socialist realism, 238 lands of, 110 Socialist Union of Youth (SSM), 270–71, legend of, 33 286, 288–89 statue of, 288 Ministry of Social Welfare, 193 as unifier, 23 Society for the Development of Mathematics, St. Va´clav Committee, 117–18 Patriotic History, and Natural History in St. Va´clav’s Treaty, 58 Bohemia. See Society of Royal Sciences St. Vitus, 12–13, 24, 32–33, 46, 53, 94, 159, . See Jesuits 281 Society of Royal Sciences, 99 St. Vojteˇch, 14, 16, 24 Sokol gymnastic organization, 132, 165, 182, St. Wenceslas. See St. Va´clav 210, 236, 243, 270 Stadion, Rudolf, 118, 122

...... 10888$ INDX 08-05-04 15:18:05 PS PAGE 438 Index 439

Stalin, Josef, 220, 227–28, 234, 239, 242, , 12 244, 245 , 70, 71 Staneˇk, Frantisˇek, 168 Swedish War, 68. See also Thirty Years’ War Sˇt’astny´, Alfons, 142, 151 Switzerland State Central Archives, xxi Habsburg empire and, 71 State Land Office, 183 Sylvester Patent, 126 State Rights Radical Party, 150 Synek family, xxi State Security (StB), xxv, 299–300 Syrovy´, Jan, 205 Statuta Judaeorum (legal code for Jews), 25 StB. See State Security Taafe, Eduard, 137, 138, 139, 148 Sˇtefa´nik, Milan Rastislav, 166, 171–72 Ta´borites, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51. See also Hussite Sˇtefanova´, Dana, xxi Reformation Sˇteˇpa´n, Miroslav, 288, 289–90 ta´bory (gatherings), 135 Stephen I, 14 Tardieu plan, 193 Sˇtı´tny´, Toma´sˇ,40 taxation Stoiber, Gu¨ nter, 329 to counter Turkish threat, 64 Strahov events, 252 equalization of, by Joseph II, 92 Stra´nsky´, Adolf, 147 Estates negation of, 105 Stremayr, 137 Hungarian refusal for, 130 Strˇ´ıbrny´, Jirˇ´ı, 171, 186 by Land Diet, 57, 66 Sˇtrougal, Lubomı´r, 268, 270, 271, 275 by landlords, 74 Studies of Nationalities, xix of nobility, 121 duchy of Styria, 19, 34 of peasants, 121 succession, 79 telegraph, 107 Sudeten German Homeland Front. See Sude- Ten Commandments for nonviolent protest, ten German Party 263, 364n5 Sudeten German Party (SdP), xxv, 193, 195, Ten Points Manifesto, 270 196 Terezı´n, concentration camp of, 215 Sudeten German Social Democratic Party, territorial patriotism, 99–100 220 duchy of Tesˇ´ın, 177, 206 , 199, 214, 220, 298–99, textiles, manufacture of, 87–88 328–29 Tha´m, Karel Hynek, 98 Sudeten Mountains, 4 Thatcher, Margaret, 315 , universal, 143, 147, 152 Theresian patent (1775), 92 sugar production, 106–7 Third Coalition War, 96 Sˇumava mountains, 4 Third Five-Year Plan, 247 Supreme Court Police and Censorship Office, Third Plan, 197 103 Thirty Years’ War, xvi, 67–68, 71, 74 Sˇva´b, Karel, 240 36th Mlada´ Boleslav Infantry Regiment, Svatopluk, 10, 11 164–65 Svatoslav, 10 Thomson, S. Harrison, xx Svaty´ Va´clave (Czech war hymn), 25 Three Emperor’s League, 136–37 Sˇvehla, Antonı´n, 151, 168, 171, 180, 182, threefold people, doctrine of, 56, 338n1 185, 186, 187 Thun, Joseph Matthias, 105, 110 Sˇvermova´, Jan, 239–40 Thun, Leo, 105, 118, 119, 121, 127, 165 Sˇvermova´, Marie, 239–40 Thun-Hohenstein, Franz, 147 Sveˇtla´, KIarolina, 132 Thuringia, 12 Svoboda, Ludvı´k, 219, 220, 226, 230, 253, Treaty of Tilsit, 96 264–66, 271, 273, 275 time of darkness, 75, 77, 78 Svobodne´ slovo (Free Word) (newspaper), Tiso, Jozef, 192, 196, 206, 207, 216, 217, 289 218, 229

...... 10888$ INDX 08-11-04 10:42:49 PS PAGE 439 440 Index tithes/contributions, 40. See also Roman Ca- Ukrainian National Union, 207 tholicism , xvii Tito-Stalin split, 239 Ulbricht, 257, 258, 273 TNP. See Forced Labor Camp Umeˇlecka´ beseda (Artists’ Club), 132 toleration, religious, 53, 90, 91, 92 Unified Agricultural Cooperative (JZD), xxiv, Toma´sˇek, Frantisˇek, 281 241, 243 Tosˇovsky´, Josef, 315–16 Union for the Encouragement of Industry in town law, 20–21 Bohemia, 104 towns Union for the Promotion of Industry, 115 economic privileges of, 58 Union of Germans from Bohemia, Moravia, financial burden of, 67 and Silesia for the Preservation of their Na- power of, 61–62, 72 tionality, 118 trade Union of Socialist Youth (SSM), xxv foreign merchants for, 13–14 United Bohemian-Austrian Chancellery, 93 Great Depression effect on, 190–91 United Chancellery, 91 Turkish threat to, 55, 57 United German Left, 151 Tradesmen’s Bank for Bohemia and Moravia, United Nations, 324 142 United Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR), 211 Tradesmen’s Party, 181, 194, 204, 262 Unity of Brethren Trans-Siberian railway, 169 Bohemian Confession for, 62–63, 91 transformation, 309 Calvinism influence on, 56 Transparency International, 319–20 impact of, 61 , 80 status of, 62 Trialism, 163, 194 Universal Declaration on Human Rights, 285 , 178 UNPROFOR, 325 Trojan, Alois Pravoslav, 115, 132–33 UNRAA relief support, 227 Trotsky, Leon, 278 U´ NRV. See Central National Revolutionary Truman, Harry S, 227 Committee Truman Doctrine, 227 Urban VI, 36 Tuka, Vojtech, 188, 192, 216 U´ RO. See Central Trade-Unions Council Turkey Urs´ıny, Ja´n, 217, 229 control of Hungary by, 78 US. See Freedom Union Leopold II ends war with, 93 U.S. Department of State ( VIII), xx navigation threat by, 55, 57 USSR. See United Soviet Socialist Republic threat by, 64, 80 Utraquists, 43, 48, 49, 50, 53 travel to, 64 Catholic opposition by, 58 Vienna siege by, 78 isolation of, 56, 62 war between Russia and, 136–37 Neo-Utraquists and, 59–61 Tusar, Vlastimil, 183 Old Utraquists as, 59–61. See also Hussite Twelfth Party Congress, 249 Reformation 28th Prague Infantry Regiment, 164 Treaty of Utrecht, 79 Two Thousand Words that Belong to Work- U´ VOD. See Central Committee of Home Re- ers, Farmers, Officials, Scientists, Artists, sistance and Everybody (Vacul´ık), 256–57, 259 Tyl, Josef Kajeta´n, 113–14 Va´clav I, 20, 331 Tyrsˇ, Miroslav, 132 Va´clav II, 21, 22–23, 25 Va´clav III, 23, 25, 29 U´ DV. See Institute for Documentation and Va´clav IV, 37, 41–42 Investigation of the Crimes of Communism Vacul´ık, Ludv´ık, 251, 255–56, 270, 279 Uhl, Petr, 278 the Vatican, 186, 187, 201, 217, 218

...... 10888$ INDX 08-05-04 15:18:06 PS PAGE 440 Index 441

Velek, Lubosˇ, xxi , 241, 246, 257, 258, 293, 298, Velvet Divorce, xvi, 306 330 , 284–92 Warsaw Pact invasion, 260–64, 285, 290, Treaty of Verdun (843), 10 364n10 Treaty of Versailles, 177, 189, 204 Battle of Waterloo, 97 Victor Emmanuel II, 116–17. See also Italy Wehrmacht, 209 Victorious February, 203, 233, 258 Weimar Germany, 189 Vienna, xx Weizsa¨cker, Richard, von, 298–99 Viennese Court Chamber, 73 Wenceslas Square, 171, 237 Viest, Rudolf, 218 Wendish marches, 21 Vile´m of Rozˇmberk, 64 Werfel, Franz, 158 Vile´m Slavata of Chlum, 66 West German New Left, 278 Virgin Mary, 12 White Carpathian mountains, 4 church of, 53 , 67, 69, 72, 75, 83 Wien. See Vienna cult of, 76 Wild Transfer, 224 viribus unitis (with united strength), 124 Wilson, Woodrow, 166–67, 168, 170, 352n7 Visegra´d Three, 298 Windischgra¨tz, Alfred, 121, 122–23, 148 Vistual River, 8 Wingfield, Nancy, xx–xxi Vladislav II, 17, 18, 52, 54 Wittelsbach. See Ludwig of Bavaria accession of, 56 Wittelsbachs, 35–36 death of, 58 Wolf, Karl Hermann, 149 as , 56–57, 59 World War I, xvi, 153, 160, 163–64 Vladislav Land Ordinance, 58 World War II, xv, 3, 220–21 Vlasov, Andrei, 222 Wyclif, John, 41 Vltava River, 4 Voice of America, 236 Young Czechs, 132–33, 136, 146, 147, 153, VONS. See Committee for the Defense of the 168, 181 Unjustly Persecuted Yugoslavia, 227–28, 246 Voyages of Discovery, 55. See also trade VPN. See Public Against Violence Zagreb treason trial, 162 Vratislav I, 12, 307 Za´potocky´, Anton´ın, 223, 242, 243, 246 Vratislav II, 16 Zbraslav abbey, 30, 91 Vratislav of Mitrovice, Va´clav, 64, 79 Zdeneˇk Lev of Rozˇmita´l, 61 Vucinich, Wayne S., xxi Zelenohorsky´ manuscript. See Rukopis kra´- Vysˇehrad, 16 love´dvorsky´/zelenohorsky´ Zˇ elivsky´, Jan, 44, 48 Waigel, Theo, 329 Zeman, Milosˇ, 313, 316–19, 326, 329 , 40 Zenkl, Petr, 229 Waldhauser, Konrad, 40 Zhivkov, 273 , 127 Zieleniec, Josef, 315 War of the Austrian Succession (1748), 84 Zionism, 200 War of the Polish Succession, 79 Z´ıtek, Josef, 143 War of the Spanish Succession, 78–79. See Zˇ izˇka of Trocnov, Jan, 46, 47, 48 also Charles VI Zpra´vy (News), 264, 268, 269

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