DOCSLIB.ORG

Fairy Tern (Sternula Nereis) Conservation in South- Western Australia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fairy Tern (Sternula Nereis) Conservation in South- Western Australia FAIRY TERN (STERNULA NEREIS) CONSERVATION IN SOUTH- WESTERN AUSTRALIA A guide prepared by J.N. Dunlop for the Conservation Council of Western Australia. Supported by funding from the Western Australian Government’s State Natural Resource Management Program AckNowleDgemeNts The field research underpinning this guide was supported by the grant of various authorities and in-kind contributions from the Department of Parks & Wildlife (WA) and the Department of Fisheries (WA). The Northern Agricultural Catchment Council (NACC) supported some of the work in the Houtman Abrolhos. Many citizen-scientists have assisted along the way but particular thanks are due to the long-term contribution of Sandy McNeil. Peter Mortimer Unique Earth and Tegan Douglas kindly granted permission for the use of their photographs. The production of the guide to ‘Fairy Tern Conservation in south-western Australia’ was made possible by a grant from WA State NRM Office. This document may be cited as ‘Dunlop, J.N. (2015). Fairy Tern (Sternula nereis) conservation in south-western Australia. Conservation Council (WA), Perth.’ Design & layout: Donna Chapman, Red Cloud Design Published by the Conservation Council of Western Australia Inc. City West Lotteries House, 2 Delhi Street, West Perth, WA 6005 Tel: (08) 9420 7266 Email: [email protected] www.ccwa.org.au © Conservation Council of Western Australia Inc. 2015 Date of publication: September 2015 Tern photos on the cover and the image on this page are by Peter Mortimer Unique Earth. Contents 1. The Problem with Small Terns (Genus: Sternula) 2 2. The Distribution and Conservation Status of Australian Fairy Tern populations 3 3. Threats to the Fairy Tern in Western Australia 6 4. The Biology of Small Terns 8 a. Marine Habitats and Foraging Ecology 8 b. Social Behaviour 8 c. Breeding Biology 9 d. Moulting Patterns in Fairy Terns 10 e. Population Structure and Movements 13 f. Factors Controlling Colony Formation 15 5. Management of Fairy Terns 18 a. Surveillance, Monitoring and Research 18 b. Nesting Habitat Management 21 c. Protecting Colony Areas from Human Encroachment 22 d. Protecting Breeding Colonies from Predators 24 e. Breeding Facilitation Techniques 25 f. Local Fairy Tern Conservation Strategies 26 2015 6. references 28 Figures ralia T us Figure 1. Map showing the distribution of Sternula nereis nereis including the sedentary and a migratory Western Australian sub-populations and the sub-population in south-eastern Australia. 3 ern Figure 2. Map showing the locations mentioned in Western Australia. 4 T Figure 3. The progression of the primary moult in Fairy Terns captured at Penguin Island, h-Wes Shoalwater Bay in September (N=28) and at Rat Island in the Houtman Abrolhos in November (N=11), T December (N=17), January (N=15), February (N=29) and late March /early April (N=42). 13 ou s Figure 4. The age distribution inferred from the plumage, alternate moult and brood patch condition in Fairy Terns captured at Penguin Island, Shoalwater Bay in September (N=28) and at Rat Island in the ion in Houtman Abrolhos in November (N=11), December (N=18), January (N=17), February (N=33) and T late March /early April (N=48). 14 Figure 5. Conceptual Model of the process of colony formation in local breeding populations of the Fairy Tern. 16 Fairy Tern Conserva Fairy 1 the Problem with small All Sternula terns nest in colonies on open shorelines including island and mainland sandy, gravelly or terns (Genus sternula) shelly beaches or banks of coral clinker. Colonies 1 are generally located adjacent to protected marine embayments, sheltered lagoons and estuaries. Where disturbance / predation pressures or habitat loss A group of closely related micro terns are have become unsustainable small terns have adopted currently placed together in the genus Sternula sub-optimal sites (eg. areas vulnerable to flooding) (Bridge et al. 2005). These small tern species or artificial sites such as dredge-spoil banks or dune include the Little Tern S.albifrons of Europe and blow-outs. In extreme cases small terns have even South-east Asia (including northern and eastern taken to nesting on the gravel bed rooves on coastal buildings as has been the case with Japanese Little Australia), Least Tern S. antillarum of North Terns around Tokyo Bay (Go Fujita et al. 2009) and America, Damara Tern of south-west Africa, North American Least Terns in Georgia(Krogh 1999). Peruvian Tern S.lorata of western South America, As the result of the conflict between small tern Yellow-billed Tern S. superciliaris of eastern South breeding behaviour and people, all species of America and the Fairy Tern S. nereis of western Sternula have become conservation dependent in and southern Australia, New Caledonia and New settled areas and are now considered threatened in Zealand. A number of sub-species are sometimes most jurisdictions. In Australia the Little Tern is the recognized, for example the nominate Little Tern subject of a recovery plan in NSW and is considered S.albifrons albifrons in south-eastern Australia and threatened along the south-eastern coast whilst its status in the tropical north remains uncertain. S.albifrons sinensis on the tropical north coast. On the 3rd of March 2011 the Australian Fairy The colonial breeding behaviour of terns has evolved Tern Sternula nereis nereis was listed as threatened to adapt to a variety of factors including the location (vulnerable - Criterion 3) under the Environmental of suitable foraging habitat, the synchronization of Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. breeding with prey availability and the avoidance of This species is partially migratory and occurs in at predation. Small terns have behavioural adaptations least five States necessitating the production of a 2015 that reduce the chances of predation, these include national recovery plan (possibly combined with one cryptic eggs and chicks and associated flight and for S.albifrons). ralia attack strategies designed to distract hunters. These T adaptations for nesting on open sandy foreshores were us a no doubt sufficiently effective to maintain populations before European settlement. Today however nesting ern T on shorelines, and especially on beaches, exposes small terns to reduced breeding success and adult survival h-Wes due to their vulnerability to introduced predators, T habitat loss to coastal development and frequent ou s disturbance from human activities. ion in T Fairy Tern Conserva Fairy Photograph courtesy of Peter Mortimer Unique earth 2 the Distribution and An investigation of the genetics of Sterna nereis was conducted across its breeding range to elucidate the Conservation status conservation significance of the small (circa 30-40 2 breeding individuals) and isolated population in of Australian Fairy New Zealand (Baling & Brunton 2005). This study indicated that the New Zealand birds could be tern populations regarded as a separate sub-species S.nereis davisae. Another small population of 200-400 breeding individuals at New Caledonia was also given sub- species status (as S. nereis exsul) based on this genetic Three subspecies of the Fairy Tern Sterna nereis are analysis (Baling & Brunton 2005, Barre et al. 2012). currently recognized. The nominate race S. nereis Genetic differences were also detected between nereis occurs in Western Australia south of Broome, Fairy Terns in Western Australia and south-eastern and in South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria Australia however these were not sufficient to merit and Tasmania. Population estimates in the 2011 treatment as separate sub-species. Perhaps not surprising the highest genetic diversity was found listing advice (Commonwealth of Australia 2011) in the largest population in Western Australia (Baling indicate that there are a few hundred pairs of Fairy & Brunton 2005) suggesting that this region was the Terns breeding in South Australia (in the Gulfs source for the smaller breeding groups founded in region) and Tasmania, 120-150 pairs in Victoria south-eastern Australia. The low genetic diversity with up to 70 individuals in New South Wales. in the satellite populations in New Zealand and The statement cites a population of 1,600 pairs New Caledonia probably reflect the genomes of a small number of founders. for Western Australia although this likely to be a significant under-estimate. All up the population Within Western Australia there appears to be of Australian Fairy Terns is currently considered to two sub-populations. One is sedentary and based along the Pilbara and upper Gascoyne coasts from consist of between 5,000 and 10,000 individuals Exmouth Gulf to the Dampier Archipelago, including across all age classes (Burbidge et al. 1996). Barrow Island and the Monte Bello and Lowendal 2015 ralia T us a ern T Figure 1. Cdgi]Zgc Map showing IZgg^idgn h-Wes the distribution T FjZZchaVcY of Sternula nereis ou nereis including the s sedentary and LZhiZgc6jhigVa^V migratory Western ion in Australian sub- Hdji]6jhigVa^V T populations and the sub-population in south-eastern Australia. CZlHdji]LVaZh K^Xidg^V GZh^YZcihjW"edejaVi^dc B^\gVidgnhjWedejaVi^dc Hdji]"ZVhiZgcedejaVi^dc Tern Conserva Fairy IVhbVc^V 3 Figure 2. Map showing the locations mentioned in Western Australia. Broome 9Vbe^Zg6gX]^eZaV\d BdciZWZaad>haVcYh Port Hedland 7Vggdl>haVcY AdlZcYVa>haVcYh Exmouth :mbdji]<ja[ <VhXdncZ8dVhi L:HI:GC6JHIG6A>6 Carnarvon 2015 H]Vg`7Vn ralia T us a ern Kalbarri GdiicZhi>haVcY T HlVcG^kZg 6Wgda]dh>haVcYh Geraldton h-Wes T <VgYZc>haVcY ou s HV[Zin7Vn ion in T EZZa:hijVgn PERTH Mandurah AZhX]ZcVjai>caZi Bunbury Esperance GZX]ZgX]Z6gX]^eZaV\d Fairy Tern Conserva Fairy Denmark Albany CdgcVaje>caZi 4 L^ahdc>caZi Archipelagos. These Fairy Terns nest from late July to what scale local breeding groups (which probably late September (Johnstone & Storr 1998, J.N. Dunlop establish colonies at a number of sites) represent pers.obs.). This area also appears to be a wintering area conservation management units within the migratory (June-August) for a second, migratory sub-population sub-population.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Guide to the Birds of Barrow Island
    A Guide to the Birds of Barrow Island Operated by Chevron Australia This document has been printed by a Sustainable Green Printer on stock that is certified carbon in joint venture with neutral and is Forestry Stewardship Council (FSC) mix certified, ensuring fibres are sourced from certified and well managed forests. The stock 55% recycled (30% pre consumer, 25% post- Cert no. L2/0011.2010 consumer) and has an ISO 14001 Environmental Certification. ISBN 978-0-9871120-1-9 Gorgon Project Osaka Gas | Tokyo Gas | Chubu Electric Power Chevron’s Policy on Working in Sensitive Areas Protecting the safety and health of people and the environment is a Chevron core value. About the Authors Therefore, we: • Strive to design our facilities and conduct our operations to avoid adverse impacts to human health and to operate in an environmentally sound, reliable and Dr Dorian Moro efficient manner. • Conduct our operations responsibly in all areas, including environments with sensitive Dorian Moro works for Chevron Australia as the Terrestrial Ecologist biological characteristics. in the Australasia Strategic Business Unit. His Bachelor of Science Chevron strives to avoid or reduce significant risks and impacts our projects and (Hons) studies at La Trobe University (Victoria), focused on small operations may pose to sensitive species, habitats and ecosystems. This means that we: mammal communities in coastal areas of Victoria. His PhD (University • Integrate biodiversity into our business decision-making and management through our of Western Australia)
    [Show full text]
  • EPA Puts Brakes on Bird-Killing Pesticide Victory for Spotted Owl
    Vol. 13, No. 3 BIRD CALLS October 2009 Victory for Spotted Owl Conservation IN THIS ISSUE merican Bird Conservancy Act for Songbirds Bill and other conservation Advances. Senate Committee groups are celebrating a July reauthorizes the Neotropical Aannouncement by Secretary of the Migratory Bird Conservation Interior Ken Salazar that the Bureau Act (NMBCA) at higher levels. of Land Management will withdraw Story page 5. the Western Oregon Plan Revisions (WOPR), a controversial logging plan Study Finds Outdoor Cats affecting federal forests in the state. Easy Prey for Coyotes. The Secretary also announced that de- Spotted Owl: Implications for safety of cat cisions by the previous administration ClipArt.com colonies; recommendations to reduce designated Critical Habitat include keeping cats indoors. Administration to withdraw the for the Northern Spotted Owl and Story page 7. Oregon logging plan. implement a flawed Recovery Plan for the species were also being reversed. “These are important steps toward conserving Northern Spotted Owls, ABC is a plaintiff in a lawsuit seeking Marbled Murrelets, and other threat- to halt the Recovery Plan, and has led ened species that rely on old-growth advocacy efforts in conjunction with forest, and in assuring the integrity members of the Bird Conservation of forest management in the Pacific Alliance to convince the Obama continued on page 2 LaTourrette, Peter Warbler: Hooded www.birdphotography.org ABC Petitions EPA to Ban Import of Pesticide-Treated EPA Puts Brakes on Bird-Killing Pesticide Foods. Ban to include crops n May 2009, the U.S. most deadly pesticides to birds still on containing any traces of 13 Environmental Protection Agency the market.
    [Show full text]
  • California Least Tern (Sternula Antillarum Browni)
    California least tern (Sternula antillarum browni) 5-Year Review Summary and Evaluation u.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office Carlsbad, California September 2006 5-YEARREVIEW California least tern (Sternula antillarum browni) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1 1.1. REVIEWERS 1 1.2. METHODOLOGY USED TO COMPLETE THE REVIEW: 1 1.3. BACKGROUND: 1 2. REVIEW ANALYSIS 2 2.1. ApPLICATION OF THE 1996 DISTINCT POPULATION SEGMENT (DPS) POLICY 2 2.2. RECOVERY CRITERIA 2 2.3. UPDATED INFORMATION AND CURRENT SPECIES STATUS 5 2.4. SyNTHESIS 22 3. RESULTS 22 3.1. RECOMMENDED CLASSIFICATION 22 3.2. NEW RECOVERY PRIORITY NUMBER 22 3.3. LISTING AND RECLASSIFICATION PRIORITY NUMBER, IF RECLASSIFICATION IS RECOMMENDED 23 4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE ACTIONS 23 5.0 REFERENCES •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 24 11 5-YEAR REVIEW California least tern (Sternula antillarum browni) 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1. Reviewers Lead Region: Diane Elam and Mary Grim, California-Nevada Operations Office, 916- 414-6464 Lead Field Office: Jim A. Bartel, Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Service, 760-431-9440 1.2. Metnodoiogy used to complete the review: This review was compiled by staffofthe Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office (CFWO). The review was completed using documents from office files as well as available literature on the California least tern. 1.3. Background: 1.3.1. FR Notice citation announcing initiation of this review: The notice announcing the initiation ofthis 5-year review and opening ofthe first comment period for 60 days was published on July 7, 2005 (70 FR 39327). A notice reopening the comment period for 60 days was published on November 3, 2005 (70 FR 66842).
    [Show full text]
  • Draft National Recovery Plan for the Australian Fairy Tern Sternula Nereis Nereis
    Draft National Recovery Plan for the Australian Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis The Species Profile and Threats Database pages linked to this recovery plan is obtainable from: http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl Image credit: Adult Australian Fairy Tern (Sternula nereis nereis) over Rottnest Island, Western Australia © Georgina Steytler © Copyright Commonwealth of Australia, 2019. The National Recovery Plan for the Australian Fairy Tern (Sternula nereis nereis) is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people. For licence conditions see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. This report should be attributed as ‘National Recovery Plan for the Australian Fairy Tern (Sternula nereis nereis), Commonwealth of Australia 2019’. The Commonwealth of Australia has made all reasonable efforts to identify content supplied by third parties using the following format ‘© Copyright, [name of third party] ’. Disclaimer While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the
    [Show full text]
  • LOCAL ACTION PLAN for the COORONG FAIRY TERN Sternula
    LOCAL ACTION PLAN FOR THE COORONG FAIRY TERN Sternula nereis SOUTH AUSTRALIA David Baker-Gabb and Clare Manning Cover Page: Adult Fairy Tern, Coorong National Park. P. Gower 2011 © Local Action Plan for the Coorong Fairy Tern Sternula nereis South Australia David Baker-Gabb1 and Clare Manning2 1 Elanus Pty Ltd, PO BOX 131, St. Andrews VICTORIA 3761, Australia 2 Department of Environment and Natural Resources, PO BOC 314, Goolwa, SOUTH AUSTRALIA 5214, Australia Final Local Action Plan for the Department of Environment and Natural Resources Recommended Citation: Baker-Gabb, D., and Manning, C., (2011) Local Action Plan the Coorong fairy tern Sternula nereis, South Australia. Final Plan for the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Acknowledgements The authors express thanks to the people who shared their ideas and gave their time and comments. We are particularly grateful to Associate Professor David Paton of the University of Adelaide and to the following staff from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources; Daniel Rogers, Peter Copley, Erin Sautter, Kerri-Ann Bartley, Arkellah Hall, Ben Taylor, Glynn Ricketts and Hafiz Stewart for the care with which they reviewed the original draft. Through the assistance of Lachlan Sutherland, we thank members of the Ngarrindjeri Nation who shared ideas, experiences and observations. Community volunteer wardens have contributed significant time and support in the monitoring of the Coorong fairy tern and the data collected has informed the development of the Plan. The authors gratefully appreciate that your time volunteering must be valued but one can never put a value on that time. Executive Summary The Local Action Plan for the Coorong fairy tern (the Plan) has been written in a way that, with a minimum of revision, may inform a National and State fairy tern Recovery Plan.
    [Show full text]
  • Pilbara Shorebirds and Seabirds
    Shorebirds and seabirds OF THE PILBARA COAST AND ISLANDS Montebello Islands Pilbara Region Dampier Barrow Sholl Island Karratha Island PERTH Thevenard Island Serrurier Island South Muiron Island COASTAL HIGHWAY Onslow Pannawonica NORTH WEST Exmouth Cover: Greater sand plover. This page: Great knot. Photos – Grant Griffin/DBCA Photos – Grant page: Great knot. This Greater sand plover. Cover: Shorebirds and seabirds of the Pilbara coast and islands The Pilbara coast and islands, including the Exmouth Gulf, provide important refuge for a number of shorebird and seabird species. For migratory shorebirds, sandy spits, sandbars, rocky shores, sandy beaches, salt marshes, intertidal flats and mangroves are important feeding and resting habitat during spring and summer, when the birds escape the harsh winter of their northern hemisphere breeding grounds. Seabirds, including terns and shearwaters, use the islands for nesting. For resident shorebirds, including oystercatchers and beach stone-curlews, the islands provide all the food, shelter and undisturbed nesting areas they need. What is a shorebird? Shorebirds, also known as ‘waders’, are a diverse group of birds mostly associated with wetland and coastal habitats where they wade in shallow water and feed along the shore. This group includes plovers, sandpipers, stints, curlews, knots, godwits and oystercatchers. Some shorebirds spend their entire lives in Australia (resident), while others travel long distances between their feeding and breeding grounds each year (migratory). TYPES OF SHOREBIRDS Roseate terns. Photo – Grant Griffin/DBCA Photo – Grant Roseate terns. Eastern curlew Whimbrel Godwit Plover Turnstone Sandpiper Sanderling Diagram – adapted with permission from Ted A Morris Jr. Above: LONG-DISTANCE TRAVELLERS To never experience the cold of winter sounds like a good life, however migratory shorebirds put a lot of effort in achieving their endless summer.
    [Show full text]
  • Peruvian Tern, Sterna Lorata, Philippi and Lanbeck 1861 on Appendix I of CMS
    1 of 4 Proposal I / 10 PROPOSAL FOR INCLUSION OF SPECIES ON THE APPENDICES OF THE CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES OF WILD ANIMALS A. PROPOSAL: Inclusion of Peruvian Tern, Sterna lorata, Philippi and Lanbeck 1861 on Appendix I of CMS B. PROPONENT: Government of Peru C. SUPPORTING STATEMENT: 1. Taxon 1.1 Classis Birds 1.2 Ordo Charadriiformes 1.3 Familia Laridae 1.4 Species Sterna lorata, Philippi and Landbeck, 1861 1.5 Common name(s) English: Peruvian Tern Spanish: Gaviotín chico 2. Biological data 2.1 Distribution Species restricted to the Humboldt Current zone along the south-eastern coasts of the East Pacific: Ecuador, Peru and Chile. Its actual range extends from the Manglares de Vice in northern Peru to the Mejillones Peninsula in northern Chile. Its movements and wanderings are poorly known, but the species has been recorded as far as northern Ecuador. There are currently three known breeding sites in Peru and nine in Chile (the latter are all located on the Mejillones Peninsula). Current numbers are estimated at 150 to 160 pairs in this distribution range, with breeding apparently taking place only in some parts of this extensive coastline that covers approximately 200,000 km2. 2.2 Population Recent population estimates record between 1,000 and 2,500 birds, with numbers in decline. Some reports suggest that the population may have declined by 50 % in the last 10 years. Currently, there are three known breeding sites in Peru and nine in Chile (the latter are all located on the Mejillones Peninsula). The breeding population is currently estimated at no 91 Proposal I / 10 2 of 4 more than 150 to 160 pairs.
    [Show full text]
  • SYN Seabird Curricul
    Seabirds 2017 Pribilof School District Auk Ecological Oregon State Seabird Youth Network Pribilof School District Ram Papish Consulting University National Park Service Thalassa US Fish and Wildlife Service Oikonos NORTAC PB i www.seabirdyouth.org Elementary/Middle School Curriculum Table of Contents INTRODUCTION . 1 CURRICULUM OVERVIEW . 3 LESSON ONE Seabird Basics . 6 Activity 1.1 Seabird Characteristics . 12 Activity 1.2 Seabird Groups . 20 Activity 1.3 Seabirds of the Pribilofs . 24 Activity 1.4 Seabird Fact Sheet . 26 LESSON TWO Seabird Feeding . 31 Worksheet 2.1 Seabird Feeding . 40 Worksheet 2.2 Catching Food . 42 Worksheet 2.3 Chick Feeding . 44 Worksheet 2.4 Puffin Chick Feeding . 46 LESSON THREE Seabird Breeding . 50 Worksheet 3.1 Seabird Nesting Habitats . .5 . 9 LESSON FOUR Seabird Conservation . 63 Worksheet 4.1 Rat Maze . 72 Worksheet 4.2 Northern Fulmar Threats . 74 Worksheet 4.3 Northern Fulmars and Bycatch . 76 Worksheet 4.4 Northern Fulmars Habitat and Fishing . 78 LESSON FIVE Seabird Cultural Importance . 80 Activity 5.1 Seabird Cultural Importance . 87 LESSON SIX Seabird Research Tools and Methods . 88 Activity 6.1 Seabird Measuring . 102 Activity 6.2 Seabird Monitoring . 108 LESSON SEVEN Seabirds as Marine Indicators . 113 APPENDIX I Glossary . 119 APPENDIX II Educational Standards . 121 APPENDIX III Resources . 123 APPENDIX IV Science Fair Project Ideas . 130 ii www.seabirdyouth.org 1 INTRODUCTION 2017 Seabirds SEABIRDS A seabird is a bird that spends most of its life at sea. Despite a diversity of species, seabirds share similar characteristics. They are all adapted for a life at sea and they all must come to land to lay their eggs and raise their chicks.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioural Ecology of the Endangered New Zealand Fairy Tern (Tara-Iti) Sterna Nereis Davisae : Implications for Management
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. OGS 10 MASSE~ · UNIVERSITY , APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL OF REQUEST TO EMBARGO A THESIS (Pursuant to AC 98/168 (R.evised 2), Approved by Ac!ldemic' Board 16.02.99) Name of Candidate: Sa.Y'C\-- -r~cvb oicl . IDNu~ber: qJ;2f 53tf-() <S Degree: N\ Sc:... Dept/Institute/School: fie.o /O:Jlj,.-I 1V b ; _ ·. /7 · n 11/ I · 1 1 r7 I r , Thesis Title: &nccut t1ftL.t e . n.>t ~ 11LB en U¥1 .' f€t I Neic 2-Eaea·Jll{)_ ro-ituJ ~J0'1 Tu1''a.,,. ·cf-L , s-J--e-H'lcc, vi-erel,,~ c~vi ~l in ii.ca.-fr&is ~( W\a·Y\et lftl.7V{ Name of Chief Supervisor: -{1 / P f2Joi V\. FQ,y Jka,#v Telephone Extn: 2 (p 06 I As author of the above named thesis, I request that my thesis be embargoed from public access until (date) ~fier. t2.IXJ( for the following reason.s: D Thesis contains commercially sensitive information. ' D Thesis contains information which is personal or private and/or which was given on the basis that it not be disclosed. · · . ~Immediate disclosure of thesis contents would not allow the author a reasonable opportunity to publish all or part of the thesis. 0 Other (specify):-------------------~------ Please explain here why you think this request is justified: Ci'µi/&r ~ ~;;& 4Jv»e_@ toot{ am/ Signed (Candidate): Date: .25/ 'B /2000 I I ' Endorsed (Chief Supervisor):.
    [Show full text]
  • Doc.Govt.Nz / [email protected]
    Before the Independent Hearing Panel appointed by the Northland Regional Council UNDER the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) And IN THE MATTER OF an application for coastal permits to: Place, use and occupy space in the coastal marine area with a wharf facility inclusive of a wharf, a building, a gangway, pontoon and piles (APP.040213.01.01); and Disturb the foreshore in the coastal marine area during the construction of the wharf facility (APP.040213.02.01). BY THE MANGAWHAI HISTORIC WHARF TRUST Applicant STATEMENT OF EVIDENCE OF DR ANTONY JULIAN BEAUCHAMP On behalf of the DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF CONSERVATION / TE TUMUAKI AHUREI (Submitter No: 176) (EFFECTS ON WADING BIRDS INCLUDING THE NZ FAIRY TERN) Dated: 11 September 2020 Department of Conservation P O Box 10 420, WELLINGTON 6011 Counsel acting: Shona Bradley; Lisa Sutherland (Legal adviser) Tel: 0274 807 1443 / 027 275 0826 Email: [email protected] / [email protected] 1 DOCCM 6419313 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 3 2. CODE OF CONDUCT .................................................................................... 4 3. SCOPE .......................................................................................................... 4 4. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MANGAWHAI HARBOUR TO THREATENED BIRDS INCLUDING FAIRY TERNS ............................................................... 4 5. DEVELOPMENT OF THE MANGAWHAI HARBOUR ENVIRONMENT ....... 15 6. RESPONSES TO THE APPLICANT’S EXPERTS’
    [Show full text]
  • Mytern Booklet
    MyTern AUSTRALIA A po ck et g ui de t o th e te rn s of A us tr al ia Caspian Terns, Glenn Ehmke MyTern.indd 1 22/5/19 10:44 am Co nt en ts Introduction ......................................................... 3 General habitat .....................................................4 Nesting habitat ..................................................... 5 Chicks ................................................................. 6 Feeding strategies ................................................. 7 Threats ............................................................... 8 Tips for identifying similar-looking terns.................... 9 !"#$%#&R(")*[,#&(--------------------------------------------------(./ 0#)1&(%1(\%345(-----------------------------------------------------(67 8*1%5*)%13(5#)1&---------------------------------------------------9/ Counting techniques ............................................ 32 BirdLife Australia projects .....................................38 Ke y fo r sp ec ie s’ p ro fil es bp = breeding plumage nbp = non-breeding plumage juv = juvenile plumage Note: the size (cm) of each species refers to body length, the images are not drawn to scale, and the distribution maps are based on all species’ records in Australia (from BirdLife Australia Atlas data). 2 MyTern.indd 2 22/5/19 10:44 am In tr od uc ti on 04%&(:**;,#5(%&(<([#,=($*>"<1%*1(?*)(>*1%5*)%13(@A&5)<,%<1( terns. MyTern contains key information about the habitat, =%&5)%:A5%*1B(1#&5%13()#CA%)#>#15&(<1=(%=#15%[$<5%*1(*?(5#)1&- Terns are in the subfamily Sterninae and are closely related to gulls, but are smaller, slimmer and longer-tailed. Noddies are very closely related and appear similar to terns (but have a wedge-shaped tail and inverse colouration: light cap and dark body). Twenty species of terns and three species of noddies have been recorded in Australia, including migratory &"#$%#&( <1=( D<3)<15&-( 8*&5( 5#)1&( 4A15( [&4( *)( <)54)*"*=&( (insects and crustaceans) by diving, skimming the surface of the water, or on the wing.
    [Show full text]
  • December 07 Book.Pmd
    VOL. 24 (4) DECEMBER 2007 167 AUSTRALIAN FIELD ORNITHOLOGY 2007, 24, 167–179 Another Form of Fairy Tern Sterna nereis Breeding in Australian Territory MIKE CARTER1 and SIMON MUSTOE 2 130 Canadian Bay Road, Mount Eliza, Victoria 3930 (Email: [email protected]) 2Applied Ecology Solutions, 39 The Crescent, Belgrave Heights, Victoria 3160 Summary Five Fairy Terns Sterna nereis were seen on East Diamond Islet (17°25′S, 151°05′E) in Australia’s Coral Sea Territory on 13 December 2006. A newly fledged juvenile begging from an adult indicated that they had bred locally. Within Australian territory, only the nominate subspecies has previously been recorded breeding, with the nearest known nesting site being in New South Wales over 2000 km away. Of the three described forms of Fairy Tern, the East Diamond Islet birds were most similar morphologically to the New Caledonian subspecies exsul, which is known to breed in the Chesterfield Islands ~800 km to the east. Two specimens found in 1950 on Heron Island, Queensland, are considered to be of that taxon. In New Caledonia, exsul is rare and declining and is genetically isolated from other subspecies in Australia and New Zealand. This discovery on East Diamond Islet is significant as it enlarges the range of the Fairy Tern in the Pacific and brings an additional taxon under the protection of Australian conservation legislation. Introduction Three subspecies of the Fairy Tern Sterna nereis are recognised and, according to R. Schodde (Research Fellow, CSIRO Division of Wildlife and Ecology, pers. comm.), this taxonomy is unlikely to change in the near future.
    [Show full text]