DOCSLIB.ORG

Universiv Miomlms International

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Universiv Miomlms International INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the fîlm along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and tipped into your xerographic copy. Requests can be made to our Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases we have filmed the best available copy. UniversiV M iom lm s International 300 N. ZEEB ROAD, ANN ARBOR, Ml 48106 18 BEDFORD ROW, LONDON WC1R 4EJ, ENGLAND 8024420 Wise, C hari .es D ean THE IMPACT OF PALESTINIAN TERRORISM ON THE ARAB/ISRAELI CONFLICT The University o f Oklahoma Ph.D. 1980 University Microfiims internetiO nSi 300 N. Road, Ann Arbor. MI 4B106 IS Bedford Row. Loadon WCIR 4EI, EDgland Copyright 1980 by Wise, Charles Dean Ali Rights Reserved PLEASE NOTE: Figures 1-i4, listed on p ag e vii, not microfilmed at r e q u e s t o f author. Available for consultation at the University of Oklahoma Library. UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS INTERNATIONAL. THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE THE IMPACT OF PALESTINIAN TERRORISM ON THE ARAB/ISRAELI CONFLICT A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY CHARLES DEAN WISE Norman, Oklahoma THE IMPACT OF PALESTINIAN TERRORISM ON THE ARAB/ISRAELI CONFLICT APPROVED BY ■ a ^ -ofA / DISSERTATION COMMITTEE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the members of my committee for their assistance and support in this project. A special note of thanks to my committee chairman. Dr. Paul Tharp, for his support, constructive criticisms, and encouragement throughout this project. A further note of appreciation is due the other members of my committee. Dr. Hugh MacNiven, Dr. Rufus Hall, Dr. Richard Baker, and Dr. L. Dee Fink, for their expeditious handling of this dissertation. A further source of support and encouragement came from my friends and colleagues in the Department of Polical Science, Damon Gates, Pat Hall, Mark Dickeson, Dr. Jeff Brudney, and Professor Sam Chapman. Most of all, I would like to thank God and my wife Janis; without them this dissertation would not have been possible. Xll TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................... i ü LIST OF CHARTS ......................... vi LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS................... vii Chapter I. POLITICAL TERRORISM; A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ........... 1 r Types of Terrorism .......... 4 Categories of Terrorism .... 8 Terrorist Tactics.......... .. N o t e s ......................... 19 II. HISTORY OF THE CONFLICT......... 20 The Israeli Viewpoint........ 20 The Arab V i e w p o i n t .......... 37 N o t e s ......................... 44 III. THE PALESTINE LIBERATION ORGANIZATION; STRUCTURE, POLICY, AND LEGITIMACY ........ 47 Structure..................... 53 Policy and Legitimacy........ 72 Notes ............. 77 IV. TACTICS AND STRATEGIES OF THE P L O ......................... 81 Pre-1967 War P h a s e .......... Post^19S7 War Phase; Guerrilla Warfare Phase • • • 87 The Rise of International Terrorism: Post-Jordanian War P h a s e ................... 99 Era of Respectihility: The Diplomacy Phase ............. Ill Post-Camp David Phase ........ 118 N o t e s ........................... 123 V. THE ISRAELI RESPONSE ............. 127 Strategy of Containment .... 127 iv Page Post-1967: Territorial Based Reprisal Policy .... 129 Post-Munich Massacre Period: Non-territorial Based Reprisals..................... 139 The Strategy of Containment in the Era of Diplomacy . 149 N o t e s ............................153 VI. THE PLO: SUPPORT NETWORK AND INTERNATIONAL LINKAGES ........ 156 T r a i n i n g ....................... 156 Financial Support ............ 158 Logistical Support .......... 159 Political Support ............. 160 Sanctuaries..................... 161 International Linkages .... 163 Reasons for the Support of . the PLO by the Arab, Moslem, and Third World Nations . 170 Notes ............. 17 6 VII. PALESTINIAN TERRORISM: ITS EFFECT ON THE ARAB WORLD .... 178 The Jordanian Civil War .... 180 The Lebanese Civil War .... 183 Egypt and Camp D a v i d ........... 188 N o t e s ............................194 VIII. CONCLUSION ....................... 196 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................... 208 APPENDICES............................. 214 LIST OF CHARTS CHART Page 1. Organizational Structure of the P L O ................... 68 2. The Palestine Liberation Army . 69 3. Terrorists Killed According to Organizational Affiliation . 98 4. Blechman's Military Event Types • * 135 5. Blechman's Categories Used to Group Reprisals ........... 135 VI LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS figure Page -1. The United Nations Partition P l a n ........................... 28 2. The Arab Invasion of the State of I s r a e l ..................... 30 3. Territory seized by Israel in 1948 W a r .................... 32 '4. The Arab Refugees, 1948 ........ 33 5. Palestinian Distribution in the Middle E a s t ........... 42 6. Terrorist Activity Against Israel June 1967-December 1968 • 90 7. Jordan: A Base for Terrorism 1968-1971 101 8. Palestinian Terrorism Beyond Israel, 1969-1972 ............ 108 9. Palestinian Terrorism Beyond Israel, 1973 ................... 109 10. Israeli Security Measures and the Jordan Valley 1967-1970 • • 131 11. Terrorism Inside Israel: 1969-1972 141 12. Israeli Raids Against Terrorist Bases September-October 1972 . 143 13. Lebanon: A Base for Terror 1968-1973 147 14. World of Islam.................162 V l l • THE EFFECT OF PALESTINIAN TERRORISM ON THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT CHAPTER I POLITICAL TERRORISM: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Terrorism is not a new phenomenon. It has been utilized throughout history by criminals, military forces, political dissidents and governments. While terrorism for political purposes is nothing new, its applications and goals have changed and evolved to reflect the political, social, and technological climate of the post-World War II world. The utilization of political terrorism increased dramatically throughout the world during the past decade. Increasingly revolutionary groups have turned to terrorism as a means of achieving a particular goal. The primary reason for the pro­ liferation of terrorism in recent years is simple, recognition. By employing terrorism any small group of individuals can gain worldwide publicity for itself and its cause. A revo­ lutionary group is not a force to be reckoned with until it is recognized as such by the people and the government of the country against whom its actions are directed. A group which lacks either a strong base of support among the population or a popular cause to mobilize the population must resort to spectacular acts of violence in order to gain recognition. The belief that spectacular acts of violence will alienate the population is not always valid. One must remember that one man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter.^ An act of extreme violence, such as the murder of Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics by Palestinian terrorists, may be condemned in the Western world; however, such acts are justifiable in the eyes of many Arab govern­ ments which support the Palestinian cause. The "terrorists" are regarded as heroes and martyrs by millions of supporters in the Arab world. The same is true of other groups, such as the supporters of the IRA or SWAPO causes, and support­ ers of the Iranian revolution. The "terrorists" are freedom fighters and their actions are justifiable acts of libera­ tion. In the past decade terrorists have been able to exert influence over nations and world leaders by confronting them with terrorism or the threat of terrorism. By perpetuating acts such as the kidnapping of former Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro and the seizure of the American Embassy in Iran, terrorists are able to hold hostage not only the individuals actually under their control, but also the headlines throughout the world. By employing terrorism little'known groups, such as the South Moluccans, are able to gain instant recognition for themselves and their cause. Advanced technology
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download Download
    UNIO - EU Law Journal. Vol. 5, No. 2, July 2019, pp 103-127. ®2019 Centre of Studies in European Union Law School of Law – University of Minho You can’t have your cake and eat it too: Portugal and the self-determination of Western Sahara Francisco Pereira Coutinho* ABSTRACT: Western Sahara self-determination posits a conundrum to Portuguese foreign policy. Moral and legal imperatives which stem from the relentless efforts taken in the 80’s and the 90’s advocating in international fora the self-determination of East Timor impel the pursuit of an idealistic diplomacy of unconditional support for the akin self-determination of Western Sahara. Political, strategic, economic, historical and cultural ties dictate a realpolitik aimed at fostering diplomatic relations with Morocco without shunning Algeria, another key stakeholder in the Maghreb region. These constraints motivated the adoption of an impartial and equidistant position towards the Western Sahara conflict. This strategy was exposed after the Court of Justice ceased in Front Polisario, the de facto application of the EU/Morocco agreements in Western Sahara. Notwithstanding multiple pledges to the contrary, the Portuguese Government picked Morocco’s side in the conflict by lodging written interventions aimed at neutralizing the Court of Justice of the EU, and by approving Council decisions that expressly extend EU/Morocco agreements to Western Sahara in breach of EU and international law. KEYWORDS: access to documents – decolonization – international agreements – self- determination – Western Sahara. * Professor at the Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (Lisbon Nova Law School). Member of CEDIS – R & D Research Center for Law and Society.
    [Show full text]
  • War and Insurgency in the Western Sahara
    Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is part of the U.S. Army War College and is the strategic-level study agent for issues relat- ed to national security and military strategy with emphasis on geostrategic analysis. The mission of SSI is to use independent analysis to conduct strategic studies that develop policy recommendations on: • Strategy, planning, and policy for joint and combined employment of military forces; • Regional strategic appraisals; • The nature of land warfare; • Matters affecting the Army’s future; • The concepts, philosophy, and theory of strategy; and, • Other issues of importance to the leadership of the Army. Studies produced by civilian and military analysts concern topics having strategic implications for the Army, the Department of Defense, and the larger national security community. In addition to its studies, SSI publishes special reports on topics of special or immediate interest. These include edited proceedings of conferences and topically-oriented roundtables, expanded trip reports, and quick-reaction responses to senior Army leaders. The Institute provides a valuable analytical capability within the Army to address strategic and other issues in support of Army participation in national security policy formulation. Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army War College Press WAR AND INSURGENCY IN THE WESTERN SAHARA Geoffrey Jensen May 2013 The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13504-8 — Insurgencies and Counterinsurgencies Edited by Beatrice Heuser , Eitan Shamir Index More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13504-8 — Insurgencies and Counterinsurgencies Edited by Beatrice Heuser , Eitan Shamir Index More Information Index 9/11 Attacks, 45, 148, 360 Al-Dawla al-Islamiyya fi al-`Iraq, 299 Abbas, Ferhat, 196 Alderson, Alexander, 29, 41 Abbas, Mahmoud, 242 Aleppo, 289, 294–6, 300–1, 303–4, 307 Aberystwyth University, 10 Algeria, 20, 47–54, 57–73, 126–7, 136, Abu Ghraib prison, 144 193–9, 202, 204–5, 207–9, 211, 226–7, Abu Marzuq, Mousa, 238 285, 326, 328, 337–9, 347–8, 354, Abu-Mazen. See Abbas, Mahmoud 356–8, 365 Adams, Gerry, 218 Autonomous Zone of Algiers, 205 Aden, 26, 30, 38 Nationalist uprisings 1945, 197 Acheson, Dean, 322 Palestro, 199 Aerial Rocket Artillery, 132 Tribal uprisings of 1845, 1871, 1864, Aeschylus, 2 1881 and 1916, 196 Afghan National Army, 261–2 Algerian Front de Libération nationale. Afghan war, 89 See FLN Afghanistan, 20, 25–6, 30, 41, 46, 74, 76, 81, Algerian National Liberation Army. 88, 136–44, 146–8, 246–8, 251–2, 254– See ALN 6, 259–61, 263–5, 306, 348, 354, 356–7, Algerian National Movement. See MNA 359, 362, 365–6, 370 Algerian People’s Party, 198 Herat, 262 Algerian War 1954–1962, 19, 126, 193–5, Soviet withdrawal 1989, 261 211, 314, 330, 336, 349, 361 Africa, 28, 47, 51, 53, 73, 223, 334, 341, Algerian wars, 366 346, 364 Algiers, 65–7, 193, 199, 204–5 African slave trade, 114 Al-Haraka al-Tashihiyya, 294 Afrika Korps, 171 Allard, General Robert, 66 Age of Battles, 10 Alloush, Zahran, 305 Agent Orange, 131 ALN, 49, 63, 65–6, 194–211, 354 Agitprop, 229 Alon, Yigal, 170 AGM-114 Hellfire, 145 Al-Qaeda, 45, 88, 141, 147, 240–1, 264 Aguinaldo, Emilio, 119–20 Al-Qaeda in the Sinai Peninsula, 240 Air France, 176 Al-Qaeda, 299 AirLand Battle, 135 Al-Qaeda in Iraq, 299 Aït Ahmed, Hocine, 198–9 Al-Quds Brigades, 235 AKP, 306 American Civil War, 5, 114–15, 120–2, Al Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigades, 218 223, 337 Al Qaeda, 221, 338 American Revolution, 113–16, 145 Kidnapping Manual 2004, 344 Amir ul Moomineen.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins of Hamas: Militant Legacy Or Israeli Tool?
    THE ORIGINS OF HAMAS: MILITANT LEGACY OR ISRAELI TOOL? JEAN-PIERRE FILIU Since its creation in 1987, Hamas has been at the forefront of armed resistance in the occupied Palestinian territories. While the move- ment itself claims an unbroken militancy in Palestine dating back to 1935, others credit post-1967 maneuvers of Israeli Intelligence for its establishment. This article, in assessing these opposing nar- ratives and offering its own interpretation, delves into the historical foundations of Hamas starting with the establishment in 1946 of the Gaza branch of the Muslim Brotherhood (the mother organization) and ending with its emergence as a distinct entity at the outbreak of the !rst intifada. Particular emphasis is given to the Brotherhood’s pre-1987 record of militancy in the Strip, and on the complicated and intertwining relationship between the Brotherhood and Fatah. HAMAS,1 FOUNDED IN the Gaza Strip in December 1987, has been the sub- ject of numerous studies, articles, and analyses,2 particularly since its victory in the Palestinian legislative elections of January 2006 and its takeover of Gaza in June 2007. Yet despite this, little academic atten- tion has been paid to the historical foundations of the movement, which grew out of the Muslim Brotherhood’s Gaza branch established in 1946. Meanwhile, two contradictory interpretations of the movement’s origins are in wide circulation. The !rst portrays Hamas as heir to a militant lineage, rigorously inde- pendent of all Arab regimes, including Egypt, and harking back to ‘Izz al-Din al-Qassam,3 a Syrian cleric killed in 1935 while !ghting the British in Palestine.
    [Show full text]
  • An Unusual Revolution: the Palestinian Thawra in Lebanon, C
    Durham Middle East Papers AN UNUSuaL REVOLUTION: THE PALESTINIAN THAWra IN LEBANON, C. 1969-82 Dr Anne Irfan Durham Middle East Paper No. 103 Durham Middle East Papers Institute for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies Institute for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies Durham University Al-Qasimi Building Elvet Hill Road Durham AN UNUSuaL REVOLUTION: Durham Middle East Papers No. 103 DH1 3TU ISSN 1476-4830 THE PALESTINIAN THAWra IN LEBANON, C. 1969-82 Tel: +44 (0)191 3345680 September 2020 The Durham Middle East Papers series covers all aspects of the economy, politics, social science, history, literature and languages of the Middle East. Authors are invited to submit papers to the Editorial Board for consideration for publication. Dr Anne Irfan The views expressed in this paper are the author(s) alone and do not necessarily reflect those of the publisher or IMEIS. All Rights Reserved. This paper cannot be photocopied or reproduced without prior permission. Durham Middle East Paper No. 103 © Dr Anne Irfan and Durham University, 2020 About The Institute Editorial Board The Institute for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (IMEIS), within the Professor Anoush Ehteshami Dr Colin Turner School of Government & International Affairs, is a Social Science-focused Exofficio member Reader in Islamic Thought in academic institute of excellence, research-led in ethos, with a track-record of Professor of International Relations the School of Government and internationally acclaimed research outputs across all sub-areas of its activity. in the School of
    [Show full text]
  • The John F. Kennedy National Security Files, 1961–1963
    A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of National Security Files General Editor George C. Herring The John F. Kennedy National Security Files, 1961–1963 Middle East First Supplement A UPA Collection from Cover: Map of the Middle East. Illustration courtesy of the Central Intelligence Agency, World Factbook. National Security Files General Editor George C. Herring The John F. Kennedy National Security Files, 1961–1963 Middle East First Supplement Microfilmed from the Holdings of The John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts Guide by Dan Elasky A UPA Collection from 7500 Old Georgetown Road ● Bethesda, MD 20814-6126 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The John F. Kennedy national security files, 1961–1963. Middle East, First supplement [microform] / project coordinator, Robert E. Lester. microfilm reels. –– (National security files) “Microfilmed from the John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts.” Accompanied by a printed guide compiled by Dan Elasky, entitled: A guide to the microfilm edition of the John F. Kennedy national security files, 1961–1963. Middle East, First supplement. ISBN 1-55655-925-9 1. Middle East––Politics and government––1945–1979––Sources. 2. United States–– Foreign relations––Middle East. 3. Middle East––Foreign relations––United States. 4. John F. Kennedy Library––Archives. I. Title: Guide to the microfilm edition of the John F. Kennedy national security files, 1961–1963. Middle East, First supplement. II. Series. DS63.1 956.04––dc22 2007061516 Copyright © 2007 LexisNexis, a division of Reed Elsevier
    [Show full text]
  • By Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of
    FROM DIWAN TO PALACE: JORDANIAN TRIBAL POLITICS AND ELECTIONS by LAURA C. WEIR Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Adviser: Dr. Pete Moore Department of Political Science CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY January, 2013 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis/dissertation of Laura Weir candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree *. Pete Moore, Ph.D (chair of the committee) Vincent E. McHale, Ph.D. Kelly McMann, Ph.D. Neda Zawahri, Ph.D. (date) October 19, 2012 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables v List of Maps and Illustrations viii List of Abbreviations x CHAPTERS 1. RESEARCH PUZZLE AND QUESTIONS Introduction 1 Literature Review 6 Tribal Politics and Elections 11 Case Study 21 Potential Challenges of the Study 30 Conclusion 35 2. THE HISTORY OF THE JORDANIAN ―STATE IN SOCIETY‖ Introduction 38 The First Wave: Early Development, pre-1921 40 The Second Wave: The Arab Revolt and the British, 1921-1946 46 The Third Wave: Ideological and Regional Threats, 1946-1967 56 The Fourth Wave: The 1967 War and Black September, 1967-1970 61 Conclusion 66 3. SCARCE RESOURCES: THE STATE, TRIBAL POLITICS, AND OPPOSITION GROUPS Introduction 68 How Tribal Politics Work 71 State Institutions 81 iii Good Governance Challenges 92 Guests in Our Country: The Palestinian Jordanians 101 4. THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES: FAILURE OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND THE RISE OF TRIBAL POLITICS Introduction 118 Political Threats and Opportunities, 1921-1970 125 The Political Significance of Black September 139 Tribes and Parties, 1989-2007 141 The Muslim Brotherhood 146 Conclusion 152 5.
    [Show full text]
  • General Chronology of the Mediterranean
    Chronologies General Chronology of the Mediterranean The general chronology presented continues to weaken and early elec- on 3rd July, after the scandal provoked here assembles details of the most tions are announced. by his insinuations about the assassi- Appendices relevant events that have taken place nation of the government labour con- in each of the states of the Mediter- Spain sultant, Marco Biagi. ranean region between July 2002 and • On 23rd July, President Carlo June 2003. The episodes are organ- • On 16th July, in the French depart- Aseglio Ciampi denounces the conflict ised according to the months in which ment of Les Landes four people are between Prime Minister Silvio Berlus- they happened, and each month is arrested and accused of belonging to coni’s political duties and his power 2003 headed by a schematic selection of ETA. In Paris, a court sentences ex- over the media. The President calls for news items; and accounts are given commander of ETA, Francisco Javier legislation that will assure its pluralism Med. of the most significant events in the dif- García Gaztelu, alias Txapote, to ten and impartiality. ferent countries. Furthermore, the es- years in prison for the planning of ter- tablishment of the African Union is in- rorist acts. Croatia cluded, as well as the monthly section • On 18th July, the French police, in that includes a segment about the Eu- collaboration with the Spanish Civil • After a crisis in the coalition gov- ropean Union, whose power and ini- Guard, arrest eight alleged members ernment, the reformist Prime Minister tiatives have a decisive influence on of the urban guerrilla group, the First of Ivica Racan resigns on 5th July, pub- 238-239 the Mediterranean area.
    [Show full text]
  • The Israeli Experience in Lebanon, 1982-1985
    THE ISRAELI EXPERIENCE IN LEBANON, 1982-1985 Major George C. Solley Marine Corps Command and Staff College Marine Corps Development and Education Command Quantico, Virginia 10 May 1987 ABSTRACT Author: Solley, George C., Major, USMC Title: Israel's Lebanon War, 1982-1985 Date: 16 February 1987 On 6 June 1982, the armed forces of Israel invaded Lebanon in a campaign which, although initially perceived as limited in purpose, scope, and duration, would become the longest and most controversial military action in Israel's history. Operation Peace for Galilee was launched to meet five national strategy goals: (1) eliminate the PLO threat to Israel's northern border; (2) destroy the PLO infrastructure in Lebanon; (3) remove Syrian military presence in the Bekaa Valley and reduce its influence in Lebanon; (4) create a stable Lebanese government; and (5) therefore strengthen Israel's position in the West Bank. This study examines Israel's experience in Lebanon from the growth of a significant PLO threat during the 1970's to the present, concentrating on the events from the initial Israeli invasion in June 1982 to the completion of the withdrawal in June 1985. In doing so, the study pays particular attention to three aspects of the war: military operations, strategic goals, and overall results. The examination of the Lebanon War lends itself to division into three parts. Part One recounts the background necessary for an understanding of the war's context -- the growth of PLO power in Lebanon, the internal power struggle in Lebanon during the long and continuing civil war, and Israeli involvement in Lebanon prior to 1982.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Beyond Military Power: the Symbolic Politics Of
    BEYOND MILITARY POWER: THE SYMBOLIC POLITICS OF CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS TRANSFERS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY JENNIFER SPINDEL DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MAY 2018 1 Spindel, Beyond Military Power Copyright, Jennifer Spindel, 2018 ii Spindel, Beyond Military Power For Stephanie Wall, whose love of life, desire to explore the world, and instinct to help others continues to inspire. iii Spindel, Beyond Military Power Acknowledgements This dissertation would not have possible without the support of colleagues, friends, and family – if I tried to list all of them I would likely omit some in error. You know who you are, and you have my deepest gratitude. My biggest debt is owed to my committee members. Without their continued willingness to read and comment on multiple drafts of each chapter, their patience, and their unflagging commitment to the project, I don’t know how I would have finished. First and foremost, I thank my advisor, Ron Krebs, for the motivation, for kicking my ass when I slacked (and, honestly, for kicking my ass in general), and for an unparalleled degree of thoughtfulness, investment, and kindness. He read more drafts of this project than either of us cares to admit. Ron has this amazing ability to distill arguments to their core and to identify promising nuggets of research from otherwise confused and incoherent grad student ramblings. Ron is an extraordinary scholar and mentor, and I am lucky to also call him a co-author and a friend.
    [Show full text]
  • By Way of Deception,” Has Been Produced by Lovers of Freedom
    THE MAKING AND IUNMAKING O F A IMOSSAD VICTOR OSTROVSKY C LA I R EL--- -- HOY- This electronic version of “By Way of Deception,” has been produced by lovers of freedom. It has been produced with the understanding that the Israeli Mossad operates within an international Jewish conspiracy (belief in a Jewish Conspiracy does not make one a Nazi, member of the KKK, or Islamist, nor does it make one a hate mongerer) which it aids tremendously. Victor Ostrovsky may or may not be telling all of the truth and the information contained in this book may have been created so as to mislead about the real workings of the Mossad but nonetheless, we feel it contains enough credible information that makes it worth while to read. This book has been provided to you for free via the internet and all that we ask is that you open your mind and educate yourself at the following web sites: www.libertyforum.org www.iamthewitness.com www.prothink.org www.samliquidation.com/lordjesus.htm www.conspiracyworld.com www.judicial-inc.biz www.rense.com www.realjewnews.com By Way of Deception Victor Ostrovsky and Claire Hoy St. Martin’s Press New York ISBN 0-312-05613-3 Contents AUTHOR’S FORWARD vii PROLOGUE: OPERATION SPHINX 1 PART I CADET 16 1 Recruitment 31 2 School Days 51 3 Freshmen 66 4 Sophomores 84 5 Rookies 99 PART II INSIDE AND OUT 6 The Belgian Table 117 7 Hairpiece 137 8 Hail and Farewell 153 PART III BY WAY OF DECEPTION 9 Strella 177 10 Carlos 197 11 Exocet 217 12 Checkmate 230 13 Helping Arafat 246 14 Only in America 267 15 Operation Moses 287 16 Harbor Insurance 302 17 Beirut 310 EPILOGUE 332 ----------------------------------------------------- APPENDICES 337 GLOSSARY of TERMS 357 INDEX 362 BY WAY OF DECEPTION ix names and be open himself, made it much easier over time to conclude that he is the genuine article: a former Mossad katsa.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mental Cleavage of Israeli Politics
    Israel Affairs ISSN: 1353-7121 (Print) 1743-9086 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fisa20 The mental cleavage of Israeli politics Eyal Lewin To cite this article: Eyal Lewin (2016) The mental cleavage of Israeli politics, Israel Affairs, 22:2, 355-378, DOI: 10.1080/13537121.2016.1140352 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2016.1140352 Published online: 04 Apr 2016. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=fisa20 Download by: [Ariel University], [Eyal Lewin] Date: 04 April 2016, At: 22:06 ISRAEL AFFAIRS, 2016 VOL. 22, NO. 2, 355–378 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2016.1140352 The mental cleavage of Israeli politics Eyal Lewin Department of Middle Eastern Studies and Political Science, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel ABSTRACT In societies marked by numerous diversities, like the Jewish-Israeli one, understanding social cleavages might show a larger picture of the group and form a broader comprehension of its characteristics. Most studies concentrate on somewhat conventional cleavages, such as the socioeconomic cleavage, the ethnic cleavage, the religious or the political one; this article, by contrast, suggests a different point of view for the mapping of social cleavages within Israeli society. It claims that the Jewish population in Israel is split into two competing groups: stakeholders versus deprived. These categories of social identity are psychological states of mind in which no matter how the national resources are distributed, the stakeholders will always act as superiors, even if they are in inferior positions, while the deprived will always take the role of eternal underdog even if all of the major political ranks come under their control.
    [Show full text]