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OSCAR NIEMEYER Poszukiwacz Estetycznych Możliwości Żelbetu

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OSCAR NIEMEYER Poszukiwacz Estetycznych Możliwości Żelbetu OSCAR NIEMEYER Poszukiwacz estetycznych możliwości żelbetu Anna Cyman Koło Naukowe Konstrukcji Betonowych PG „Żelbet” Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho 2 15.12.1907 - 05.12.2012 ŻYCIORYS ▸ W 1934 ukończył studia na kierunku Architektura na Narodowej Akademii Sztuk Pięknych w Rio de Janeiro ▸ Odbywał praktyki w znanym biurze architektonicznym Lúcio Costy i Carlosa Leão jako rysownik ▸ Od 1936 współpracował a w 1939 został kierownikiem projektu zespołu gmachów ministerstwa oświaty i zdrowia, gdzie konsultantem był Le Corbusier ▸ W trakcie pracy poznał Juscelino Kubitschka, który został później prezydentem i nadał Niemeyerowi stanowisko głównego architekta Brasilii ▸ Od 1941 rozpoczął indywidualną praktykę architektoniczną 3 ▸ Architekt zrealizował ponad 600 projektów na całym świecie, tworząc własny styl, nazwany brazylijskim modernizmem. Niemeyer był najbardziej znany z wykorzystaniem abstrakcyjnych form i krzywych ▸ Nie interesują mnie kąty proste - mówi Niemeyer - ani wymyślone przez człowieka linie proste, sztywne i bezduszne. Interesują mnie krzywizny, swobodne i zmysłowe, takie, jakie spostrzegam w górzystych krajobrazach mojej ojczyzny, meandrujących rzekach, falującym morzu i ciele kobiety, którą kocham. 4 ▸ Teraz konstrukcja żelbetowa daje skrzydła naszej wyobraźni – mówił. – Beton, nieodłączny element architektury, pozwala jej wyzbyć się przebrzmiałych rozwiązań. Poszukiwanie piękna, fantazji, stale obecny element zaskoczenia – wszystko to świadczy, że dzisiejsza architektura nie jest tylko skromnym rzemiosłem o wąsko zakreślonych granicach, ale sztuką wykorzystującą technologię: lekką, twórczą i nieskrępowaną. ▸ Le Corbusier to siła, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe to elegancja, Niemeyer to wdzięk - mawiał Lucio Costa. Budynki Oscara kołyszą się. Patrzenie się na nie to jak wsłuchiwanie się w melodię. ▸ Te "melodie" Niemeyer mógł komponować dzięki jednemu z najważniejszych wynalazków w dziejach nowoczesnego budownictwa - żelbetowi. Wielokrotnie podkreślał, że żadnej ze swoich wizji nie mógłby zrealizować, gdyby nie odkrycie XIX-wiecznych konstruktorów. Żelbet umożliwił mu tworzenie potężnych budynków opartych na liniach falistych, a surowy beton nadał im charakterystyczną ekspresję. 5 Kompleks Pampulha, Brazylia, 1940 6 7 8 Gmach ONZ, Nowy Jork, 1947 9 10 Edifício Copan, São Paulo, 1957 Palácio do Planalto, Brasília, 1960 12 13 14 Budynek Kongresu, Brasilia, 1960 15 Katedra, Brasilia, 1970 16 17 Itamaraty Palace, Brasilia, 1970 18 19 Meczet Penang, George Town, Malezja, 1980 20 Biblioteka Latin America Memorial , Sao Paulo, 1989 21 22 Niterói Contemporary Art Museum, Rio de Janeiro, 1996 23 24 The Oscar Niemeyer Museum, Curitiba, 2002 25 Hala koncertowa Ibirapuera Auditorium, Sao Paulo, 2005 26 27 City Park, Natal, Brazil, 2006 28 Cultural Complex of the Republic, Brasília, 2006 29 30 The Oscar Niemeyer International Cultural Centre, Avilés, Spain, 2011 31 32 Sala Koncertowa, Ravello, Włochy, 2010 33 34 DZIĘKUJĘ ZA UWAGĘ 35.
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