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Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea, Peritrichia) from Jindo Island with Other Populations in Korea

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Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea, Peritrichia) from Jindo Island with Other Populations in Korea Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. Special Issue, No. 9: 10-17, December 2016 https://doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2016.SIN9.042 Review article Two Newly Recorded Vorticellid Species (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea, Peritrichia) from Jindo Island with Other Populations in Korea Ji Hye Kim, Mann Kyoon Shin* Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea ABSTRACT Carchesium polypinum and Vorticella campanula were collected in freshwater ponds and reservoirs on Jindo Island and other places in Korea. These two vorticellids are newly recorded in Korea. The two species are described using live and silver impregnated cell observations, morphometry, line drawings, and microphotographs. Characterizations were based on the following diagnostic features: Carchesium polypinum was observed mainly as a funnel to fan- shaped colony, basically dichotomous branching pattern, discontinuous spasmoneme, subconical shaped zooid, J shaped macronucleus, ventrally positioned single contractile vacuole, and pellicular striation with 61-80 rows between the peristomial lip and aboral ciliary wreath, and 18-30 rows between the aboral ciliary wreath and scopula. Vorticella campanula was conspicuously characterized by the broadly bulged peristomial lip, wide conical shaped zooid, J or S shaped macronucleus, ventrally positioned single contractile vacuole and pellicular striation with 64- 75 rows between the peristomial lip and aboral ciliary wreath, and 27-41 rows between the aboral ciliary wreath and scopula. We provide redescriptions of two well-known vorticellids with detailed drawings and descriptions of oral ciliatures from Jindo Island and other places on the Korean peninsula. Keywords: Carchesium, Vorticella, morphology, redescription, freshwater INTRODUCTION distinguishable based on the morphology. Therefore, it was designated as a cryptic species complex (Gentekaki and Lynn, The family Vorticellidae Ehrenberg, 1838 is one of highly 2010). We collected the two species from Jindo Island and diverse taxa within the group Peritrichia and is characterized other places with morphological redescriptions. Carchesium by zooid, contractible, and helically twisted spasmoneme polypinum complex and Vorticella campanula Ehrenberg, (Ehrenberg, 1838; Corliss, 1979; Warren, 1986; Lynn, 2008; 1831 are newly described species in Korea. Sun et al., 2011). Carchesium Ehrenberg, 1831 and Vorticel- la Linnaeus, 1767 are members of Vorticellidae and com- monly found in eutrophic freshwater environments. Carche- MATERIALS AND METHODS sium and Vorticella are distinguishable from each other by the key character of colonial versus solitary life form (Cor- Carchesium polypinum complex were collected from a small liss, 1979; Lynn and Small, 2000; Lynn, 2008). According freshwater pond on Gahak-ri, Jisan-myeon, Mt. Geupchisan to Gentekaki and Lynn (2010), Carchesium polypinum com- of Jindo Island (34°24′07″N, 126°06′42″E) on 8 Jul 2016 plex might be firstly described by Leeuwenhoek in 1676 and a small pond next to a stream in Habuk-myeon, Yang- and Linnaeus (1758) officially described. Thereafter, many san-si (35°29′12″N, 129°03′25″E) on 22 Nov 2013. Vorti- researchers redescribed C. polypinum (Esteban and Fernán- cella campanula was collected with debris and freshwater in dez-Galiano, 1989; Foissner et al., 1992; Shi et al., 2001; an agricultural pond in Na-ri, Gunnae-myeon, Jindo Island Dias et al., 2010). However, populations of C. carchesium (34°33′45″N, 126°16′02″E) on 9 Jul 2016 and a freshwater had enormous amount of genetic differences but could not pond in Gangdong-dong, Gangseo-gu, Busan (35°12′43″N, This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative *To whom correspondence should be addressed Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ Tel: 82-52-259-2396, Fax: 82-52-259-1694 licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, E-mail: [email protected] and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. pISSN 2234-6953 eISSN 2234-8190 Copyright The Korean Society of Systematic Zoology Two Vorticellid Species in Korea 128°55′59″E) on 29 Nov 2013. Water samples were collect- Subclass Peritrichia Stein, 1859 ed and transferred with debris in raw cultural petri dishes Order Sessilida Kahl, 1933 and then maintained at room temperature in a laboratory for Family Vorticellidae Ehrenberg, 1838 one to five days. The cells were cultured using wheat grains Genus Carchesium Ehrenberg, 1830 added in raw cultural Petri dishes for enrichment of bacteria and ciliates (Foissner et al., 2009). Silver staining methods 1. Carchesium polypinum complex (Table 1, Figs. 1, 2) was performed by Wilbert (1975) and Foissner (1991). The Sertularia polypina Linnaeus, 1758: 816. two species were described by live and silver impregnat- Carchesium polypinum: Ehrenberg, 1830: 41; Stein, 1854: ed cells observations using a stereo microscope (SMZ800; 78; Kahl, 1935: 738; Foissner and Schiffmann, 1974: 491, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) and an optical microscope (Axio Im- 504; Esteban and Fernández-Galiano, 1989: 345; Foissner ager A1; Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), morphometry, et al., 1992: 137; Shi et al., 2001: 13; Dias et al., 2010: line drawings, and microphotographs using a CCD camera 483. (Axio Cam MRc; Carl Zeiss). Classification and terminolo- gy follows Lynn (2008) and Ji et al. (2015). Description. Colony outline funnel and fan-shaped, approx- imately 2,000 μm high and contain 10-50 zooids (Figs. 1F, 2A, B). Macrozooid absent. Stalk flexible and contractile, SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNTS primary stalk dichotomously branched, secondary to termi- nal stalks polychotomously or irregularly branched (Figs. Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901 1B, F, 2A, B). Stalk surface smooth, gap between holdfast Class Oligohymenophorea de Puytorac, Batisse, Bohatier, and starting point of spasmoneme on primary stalk approxi- Corliss, Deroux, Didier, 1974 mately 80 μm, primary stalk diameter about 35 μm, terminal Table 1. Morphometry of Carchesium polypinum complex (Cp.) from Jindo Island (Jin.) and Yangsan-si (Yang.) and Vorticella cam- panulla Ehrenberg, 1831 (Vc.) from Jindo Island (Jin.) and Busan (Bus.) Character SP P Mean MIN MAX MED SD SE CV n Body, length (μm) Cp. Jin. 123 100 140 123 10.9 3.3 8.8 11 Yang. 69 51 82 72 9.5 2.7 13.8 12 Vc. Jin. 78 70 90 79 7.8 2.9 10.0 7 Bus. 67 55 84 67 7.2 1.6 10.7 19 Body, width (μm) Cp. Jin. 70 60 80 70 5.7 1.7 8.1 11 Yang. 39 31 46 38 4.5 1.3 11.6 12 Vc. Jin. 55 51 60 54 3.6 1.4 6.5 7 Bus. 55 46 66 55 5.1 1.2 9.3 19 Peristomial lip, diameter (μm) Cp. Jin. 79 70 95 76.5 7.8 2.5 9.9 10 Yang. 60 49 71 58 6.1 1.8 10.3 11 Vc. Jin. 86 74 104 85 12.7 4.8 14.8 7 Bus. 77 66 91 77 6.4 1.5 8.3 19 Peristomial lip, thickness (μm) Cp. Jin. 8 6 9 8.5 1.4 0.5 17.2 8 Yang. 9 6 12 8.5 1.8 0.6 20.0 8 Vc. Jin. 5 4.6 6.8 5.3 0.9 0.4 15.7 5 Bus. 6 3.8 10.4 5.4 1.4 0.3 25.2 19 Scopula, diameter (μm) Cp. Jin. 8 6 9 8 1.1 0.5 15.0 5 Yang. 9 8 10 9 0.8 0.4 9.5 5 Vc. Jin. 6 5.7 7.3 6.2 0.7 0.3 10.5 5 Bus. 7 5.5 7.9 6.9 0.7 0.2 11.0 19 Number of silverlines, peristomial Cp. Jin. 69 61 80 68 6.9 3.1 10.0 5 lip to aboral ciliary wreath Yang. 70 65 75 71 5.0 2.9 7.2 3 Vc. Jin. 73 70 75 73 1.8 0.8 2.5 5 Bus. 67 64 74 66 4.0 1.8 5.9 5 Number of silverlines, aboral ciliary Cp. Jin. 26 18 30 28 5.0 2.2 19.6 5 wreath to scopula Yang. 22 21 22 21.5 0.7 0.5 3.3 2 Vc. Jin. 29 27 31 28.5 2.1 1.0 7.2 4 Bus. 35 29 41 35 5.1 2.3 14.5 5 Measurements are in μm. SP, species; P, population; MIN, minimum value; MAX, maximum value; MED, medium value; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error; CV, coefficient of variance; n, sample size. Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. Special Issue (9), 10-17 11 Ji Hye Kim, Mann Kyoon Shin Fig. 1. Carchesium polypinum complex in vivo (A-C, E, F) and oral ciliature after protargol impregnation (D). A, Typical zooid; B, Ar- rangement of zooid on stalk and discontinuous spasmoneme (arrowhead); C, E, Various shapes of zooids; D, Detail of oral ciliature and infundibular polykinety 1-3 (arrow denotes terminal end of row 1 in P3); F, Shape of colony. A, aboral ciliary wreath; CV, con- tractile vacuoles; ED, epistomial disc; EM, epistomial membrane; GK, germinal kinety; HK, haplokinety; IF, infundibulum; MA, mac- ronuclei; P1-3, infundibular polykinety 1-3; PK, polykinety; PL, peristomial lips; SP, spasmoneme; ST, stalk. Scale bars: A, C=50 μm, B=100 μm, F=500 μm. stalk diameter about 9 μm. Spasmoneme discontinuous on and one and a half additional turns on infundibular wall each branching points (Figs. 1B, F, 2D). Zooids located dis- (Figs. 1D, 2E). Epistomial membrane fragmented, located tal end of terminal stalk (Figs. 1F, 2A, B). near oral opening and consisted of approximately 10 serial Zooids subconical to inverted bell-shape, length 100-140 kinetids (Fig. 1D). Germinal kinety parallel to haplokinety μm in Jindo population and 51-82 μm in Yangsan popula- and length approximately half of infundibulum (Figs.
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