Sticking Wood Calligraphy Carving As a Form of Human Interaction with The
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Arabic Language
THE ARABIC LANGUAGE KEES VERSTEEGH 'u COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS New York 11 The Emergence of Modern Standard Arabic I I. I INTRODUCTION In 1798, Napoleon Bonaparte's brief expedition to Egypt brought this province of the Ottoman empire into direct contact with Western Europe. This marked the beginning of a period in which European culture, at first primarily from France, but later from England as well, began to infiltrate the Arab world. At first, the reception of new ideas was promoted by the government: Mul:t.ammad (All, who governed Egypt from 1805 until 1848, stimulated the translation of books and articles from French,' mostly on technical subjects, but political and cultural topics were also included. In this way, the concepts of the French Enlighten ment became part of the intellectual atmosphere of the country. The introduc tion of new political ideas stimulated the rise of Arab nationalism, which in the second half of the nineteenth century centred around the position of Arabic as the language of the Arab world. At the same time, the confrontation with West ern ideas led to a debate about the compatibility of these ideas with the tradition of Islam, and, on a linguistic level, about the capacity of the Arabic language to express the new notions. In this chapter, we shall deal with four topics: the position of Arabic in the nineteenth century; the adaptation of Arabic vocabu lary to the modem period; the reform of grammar; and the changes in the struc ture and phraseology of the language. I I .2 THE REBIRTH OF ARABIC When the French conquered Egypt, the Egyptian writer al-Gabartr (d. -
Arabic Sociolinguistics: Topics in Diglossia, Gender, Identity, And
Arabic Sociolinguistics Arabic Sociolinguistics Reem Bassiouney Edinburgh University Press © Reem Bassiouney, 2009 Edinburgh University Press Ltd 22 George Square, Edinburgh Typeset in ll/13pt Ehrhardt by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire, and printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and East bourne A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 0 7486 2373 0 (hardback) ISBN 978 0 7486 2374 7 (paperback) The right ofReem Bassiouney to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Contents Acknowledgements viii List of charts, maps and tables x List of abbreviations xii Conventions used in this book xiv Introduction 1 1. Diglossia and dialect groups in the Arab world 9 1.1 Diglossia 10 1.1.1 Anoverviewofthestudyofdiglossia 10 1.1.2 Theories that explain diglossia in terms oflevels 14 1.1.3 The idea ofEducated Spoken Arabic 16 1.2 Dialects/varieties in the Arab world 18 1.2. 1 The concept ofprestige as different from that ofstandard 18 1.2.2 Groups ofdialects in the Arab world 19 1.3 Conclusion 26 2. Code-switching 28 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Problem of terminology: code-switching and code-mixing 30 2.3 Code-switching and diglossia 31 2.4 The study of constraints on code-switching in relation to the Arab world 31 2.4. 1 Structural constraints on classic code-switching 31 2.4.2 Structural constraints on diglossic switching 42 2.5 Motivations for code-switching 59 2. -
Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi
Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi To cite this version: Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi. Arabic and Contact-Induced Change. 2020. halshs-03094950 HAL Id: halshs-03094950 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03094950 Submitted on 15 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Arabic and contact-induced change Edited by Christopher Lucas Stefano Manfredi language Contact and Multilingualism 1 science press Contact and Multilingualism Editors: Isabelle Léglise (CNRS SeDyL), Stefano Manfredi (CNRS SeDyL) In this series: 1. Lucas, Christopher & Stefano Manfredi (eds.). Arabic and contact-induced change. Arabic and contact-induced change Edited by Christopher Lucas Stefano Manfredi language science press Lucas, Christopher & Stefano Manfredi (eds.). 2020. Arabic and contact-induced change (Contact and Multilingualism 1). Berlin: Language Science Press. This title can be downloaded at: http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/235 © 2020, the authors Published under the Creative Commons Attribution -
Challenging Islamist Populism in Indonesia Through Catholic Youth Activism
religions Article Challenging Islamist Populism in Indonesia through Catholic Youth Activism Pam Nilan 1,* and Gregorius Ragil Wibowanto 2 1 Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalization, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia 2 Department of Sociology, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman 55281, Indonesia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This paper reports data from a study of young Catholic activists. They were concerned about the expansion of Islamist populism in democratic Muslim-majority Indonesia. They actively built inter-faith coalitions with local liberal Muslim youth groups and with pan-national Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), the largest independent Islamic organisation in the world. Islamist populism prioritises religious identity over the national identity of citizenship. In framing their citizenship activism against the current tide of Islamist populism, the informants in our study selectively engaged aspects of Catholic theology. They articulated their religious identity as coterminous with a nationalist identity centred on multi-faith tolerance and harmony. That discourse in itself refutes a key principle of Islamist populism in Indonesia, which argues for primordial entitlement. Keywords: Islamist populism; Indonesia; Catholic youth Citation: Nilan, Pam, and Gregorius 1. Introduction Ragil Wibowanto. 2021. Challenging In anti-colonial movements across the Southeast Asian region, religion has been a Islamist Populism in Indonesia driving force of nationalist sentiment. In many cases, the religious identity of the masses through Catholic Youth Activism. drove positive narratives of nationhood as countries strove for independence. Yet in many Religions 12: 395. https://doi.org/ countries in the region, there are at present minority religious groups within territorial states 10.3390/rel12060395 that struggle against the increased political populism of the religious majority (Liow 2016). -
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“I put my trust in God” (“Tawakkaltu ‘ala ’illah”) Word 2012 —Arabic calligraphy in nasta’liq script on an ivy leaf 42976araD1R1.indd 1 11/1/11 11:37 PM Geometry of the Spirit WRITTEN BY DAVID JAMES alligraphy is without doubt the most original con- As well, there were regional varieties. From Kufic, Islamic few are the buildings that lack Hijazi tribution of Islam to the visual arts. For Muslim cal- Spain and North Africa developed andalusi and maghribi, calligraphy as ornament. Usu- Cligraphers, the act of writing—particularly the act of respectively. Iran and Ottoman Turkey both produced varie- ally these inscriptions were writing the Qur’an—is primarily a religious experience. Most ties of scripts, and these gained acceptance far beyond their first written on paper and then western non-Muslims, on the other hand, appreciate the line, places of origin. Perhaps the most important was nasta‘liq, transferred to ceramic tiles for Kufic form, flow and shape of the Arabic words. Many recognize which was developed in 15th-century Iran and reached a firing and glazing, or they were that what they see is more than a display of skill: Calligraphy zenith of perfection in the 16th century. Unlike all earlier copied onto stone and carved is a geometry of the spirit. hands, nasta‘liq was devised to write Persian, not Arabic. by masons. In Turkey and Per- The sacred nature of the Qur’an as the revealed word of In the 19th century, during the Qajar Dynasty, Iranian sia they were often signed by Maghribıi God gave initial impetus to the great creative outburst of cal- calligraphers developed from nasta‘liq the highly ornamental the master, but in most other ligraphy that began at the start of the Islamic era in the sev- shikastah, in which the script became incredibly complex, con- places we rarely know who enth century CE and has continued to the present. -
Abstracts Electronic Edition
Societas Iranologica Europaea Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the State Hermitage Museum Russian Academy of Sciences Abstracts Electronic Edition Saint-Petersburg 2015 http://ecis8.orientalstudies.ru/ Eighth European Conference of Iranian Studies. Abstracts CONTENTS 1. Abstracts alphabeticized by author(s) 3 A 3 B 12 C 20 D 26 E 28 F 30 G 33 H 40 I 45 J 48 K 50 L 64 M 68 N 84 O 87 P 89 R 95 S 103 T 115 V 120 W 125 Y 126 Z 130 2. Descriptions of special panels 134 3. Grouping according to timeframe, field, geographical region and special panels 138 Old Iranian 138 Middle Iranian 139 Classical Middle Ages 141 Pre-modern and Modern Periods 144 Contemporary Studies 146 Special panels 147 4. List of participants of the conference 150 2 Eighth European Conference of Iranian Studies. Abstracts Javad Abbasi Saint-Petersburg from the Perspective of Iranian Itineraries in 19th century Iran and Russia had critical and challenging relations in 19th century, well known by war, occupation and interfere from Russian side. Meantime 19th century was the era of Iranian’s involvement in European modernism and their curiosity for exploring new world. Consequently many Iranians, as official agents or explorers, traveled to Europe and Russia, including San Petersburg. Writing their itineraries, these travelers left behind a wealthy literature about their observations and considerations. San Petersburg, as the capital city of Russian Empire and also as a desirable station for travelers, was one of the most important destination for these itinerary writers. The focus of present paper is on the descriptions of these travelers about the features of San Petersburg in a comparative perspective. -
The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims, 2021
PERSONS • OF THE YEAR • The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • B The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • i The Muslim 500: The World’s 500 Most Influential Chief Editor: Prof S Abdallah Schleifer Muslims, 2021 Editor: Dr Tarek Elgawhary ISBN: print: 978-9957-635-57-2 Managing Editor: Mr Aftab Ahmed e-book: 978-9957-635-56-5 Editorial Board: Dr Minwer Al-Meheid, Mr Moustafa Jordan National Library Elqabbany, and Ms Zeinab Asfour Deposit No: 2020/10/4503 Researchers: Lamya Al-Khraisha, Moustafa Elqabbany, © 2020 The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre Zeinab Asfour, Noora Chahine, and M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin 20 Sa’ed Bino Road, Dabuq PO BOX 950361 Typeset by: Haji M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin Amman 11195, JORDAN www.rissc.jo All rights reserved. No part of this book may be repro- duced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanic, including photocopying or recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Views expressed in The Muslim 500 do not necessarily reflect those of RISSC or its advisory board. Set in Garamond Premiere Pro Printed in The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Calligraphy used throughout the book provided courte- sy of www.FreeIslamicCalligraphy.com Title page Bismilla by Mothana Al-Obaydi MABDA • Contents • INTRODUCTION 1 Persons of the Year - 2021 5 A Selected Surveyof the Muslim World 7 COVID-19 Special Report: Covid-19 Comparing International Policy Effectiveness 25 THE HOUSE OF ISLAM 49 THE -
Arab Scholars and Ottoman Sunnitization in the Sixteenth Century 31 Helen Pfeifer
Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750 Islamic History and Civilization Studies and Texts Editorial Board Hinrich Biesterfeldt Sebastian Günther Honorary Editor Wadad Kadi volume 177 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ihc Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750 Edited by Tijana Krstić Derin Terzioğlu LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Cover illustration: “The Great Abu Sa’ud [Şeyhü’l-islām Ebū’s-suʿūd Efendi] Teaching Law,” Folio from a dīvān of Maḥmūd ‘Abd-al Bāqī (1526/7–1600), The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The image is available in Open Access at: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/447807 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Krstić, Tijana, editor. | Terzioğlu, Derin, 1969- editor. Title: Historicizing Sunni Islam in the Ottoman Empire, c. 1450–c. 1750 / edited by Tijana Krstić, Derin Terzioğlu. Description: Boston : Brill, 2020. | Series: Islamic history and civilization. studies and texts, 0929-2403 ; 177 | Includes bibliographical references and index. -
Zanzibar: Its History and Its People
Zanzibar: its history and its people http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.CH.DOCUMENT.PUHC025 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Zanzibar: its history and its people Author/Creator Ingrams, W.H. Publisher Frank Cass & Co., Ltd. Date 1967 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Northern Swahili Coast, Tanzania, United Republic of, Zanzibar Stone Town, Tanzania Source Princeton University Library 1855.991.49 Rights By kind permission of Leila Ingrams. Description Contents: Preface; Introductory; Zanzibar; The People; Historical; Early History and External Influences; Visitors from the Far East; The Rise and Fall of the Portuguese; Later History of the Native Tribes; History of Modern Zanzibar. -
Conservation of Living Religious Heritage ICCROM Conservation Studies 3
ICCROM COnseRvatIOn studIes 3 Conservation of Living Religious Heritage ICCROM COnseRvatIOn studIes 3 Conservation of Living Religious Heritage Papers from the ICCRoM 2003 forum on Living Religious Heritage: conserving the sacred Editors Herb Stovel, Nicholas Stanley-Price, Robert Killick ISBN 92-9077-189-5 © 2005 ICCROM International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property Via di San Michele, 13 00153 Rome, Italy www.iccrom.org Designed by Maxtudio, Rome Printed by Ugo Quintily S.p.A. Contents Preface v NICHOLAS STANLEY-PRICE introduction 1 HERB STOVEL Conserving built heritage in Maori communities 12 1 DEAN WHITING Christiansfeld: a religious heritage alive and well. TwenTy-firsT cenTury influences on a laTe eighTeenTh- 2 early nineTeenTh cenTury Moravian seTTleMenT in DenMark 19 JØRGEN BØYTLER the past is in the present 3 perspecTives in caring for BuDDhisT heriTage siTes in sri lanka 31 GAMINI WIJESURIYA the ise shrine and the Gion Festival case sTuDies on The values anD auThenTiciTy of Japanese 4 inTangiBle living religious heriTage 44 NOBUKO INABA A living religious shrine under siege The nJelele shrine/king Mzilikazi’s grave anD conflicTing 5 DeManDs on The MaTopo hills area of ziMBaBwe 58 PATHISA NYATHI AND CHIEF BIDI NDIWENI ISBN 92-9077-189-5 the challenges in reconciling the requirements of faith and © 2005 ICCROM 6 conservation in Mount Athos 67 International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property JANIS CHATZIGOGAS Via di San Michele, 13 00153 Popular worship of the Most Holy trinity of Vallepietra, Rome, Italy 7 central italy The TransforMaTion of TraDiTion anD The safeguarDing www.iccrom.org of iMMaTerial culTural heriTage 74 PAOLA ELISABETTA SIMEONI Designed by Maxtudio, Rome Printed by Ugo Quintily S.p.A. -
Sustaining Cultural Identity Through Arabic Calligraphy: a Critical Reading of Nasser Al-Salem’S Artworks
Islamic Heritage Architecture and Art III 211 SUSTAINING CULTURAL IDENTITY THROUGH ARABIC CALLIGRAPHY: A CRITICAL READING OF NASSER AL-SALEM’S ARTWORKS LINA M. KATTAN* University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ABSTRACT Arabic calligraphy has always been the most prominent characteristic of Islamic art. Arab/Muslim artists – even non-Arabic speakers – appreciate Arabic calligraphy due to its correlation with the language of the Quran. Due to the commonly known prohibition of figuration, especially among classical Muslim scholars, many Arab/Muslim artists found an escape in the Arabic alphabet to avoid such a grey area. Either used as words or as sentences, Arabic inscription became the dominant pattern of traditional Islamic art. The inclusion of Arabic letters within the artistic composition has changed over the years, namely in style. Since the 1980s, the Arabic letter became the core element of contemporary Saudi art. In this paper, I argue that contemporary Saudi artists, such as in the case of Nasser al-Salem, rely on Arabic calligraphy to assert their Islamic identity and cultural heritage. This paper sheds light on one famous contemporary Saudi artist who chose the Arabic letter as his primary approach. While it may seem that al-Salem’s contemporary works are similar to traditional Islamic arts, they tremendously differ in concept, medium, and style. This study focuses only on three of his well-known calligraphic works. Generally, what characterizes contemporary Saudi art is the high-level of conceptuality and the noticeable influence of Western art techniques. al-Salem has always been interested in the conceptuality of the Arabic alphabet and its compositional configuration; therefore, his reliance on Arabic script continues to affirm his Saudi cultural heritage and Islamic Identity. -
Firdawsi's Shahnama in Its Ghaznavid Context A.C.S. Peacock1 Abstract
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository Firdawsi’s Shahnama in its Ghaznavid context A.C.S. Peacock1 Abstract Firdawsi’s Shahnama, the completion of which is traditionally to around 400/1010, is generally thought to have been a failure at first. It is said by both traditional accounts and much modern scholarship to have been rejected by its dedicatee Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna, and its contents of ancient Iranian legends, transmitted from earlier sources, are widely considered to have been out of step with the literary tastes of the Ghaznavid period. This article reassesses the reception of the Shahnama in the Ghaznavid period, arguing that evidence suggests neither its style nor contents were outdated, and that its tales of ancient Iranian heores had a great contemporary relevance in the context of the Ghaznavid court’s identification of the dynasty as the heir to ancient Iran. The extent to which Firdawsi can be shown to have relied on pre-Islamic sources is also reevaluated Key words Firdawsi – Shahnama – Ghaznavids – pre-Islamic Iran – Persian poetry The reception history of few books can be as well-known as the Shahnama: the allegedly cool reaction of sultan Mahmud of Ghazna (d. 421/1030) when presented with the work around the year 400/1010, and the biting satire on the ruler Firdawsi is claimed to have penned in response, together form part of the Shahnama legend.2 Firdawsi’s hostile reception by the rival poets of Ghazna, for instance, became a topic of miniature painting in manuscripts of the poem,3 and lines such as the satire were interpolated to underline the point.4 Today, the poem’s initial flop is usually taken for granted, and has been attributed to both its form and its contents, which are assumed to be purely antiquarian,5 bereft of any contemporary relevance.