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Redalyc.STRUCTURAL QUALITY of POLYACRYLAMIDE-TREATED Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ISSN: 0100-0683 [email protected] Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo Brasil Vandeval Maranhão de Melo, Diego; Gomes de Almeida, Brivaldo; Rodrigues de Souza, Edivan; Santos Silva, Laércio; Jacomine, Paulo Klinger Tito STRUCTURAL QUALITY OF POLYACRYLAMIDE-TREATED COHESIVE SOILS IN THE COASTAL TABLELANDS OF PERNAMBUCO Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, vol. 38, núm. 2, 2014, pp. 476-485 Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo Viçosa, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=180231134011 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 476 Diego Vandeval Maranhão de Melo et al. STRUCTURAL QUALITY OF POLYACRYLAMIDE-TREATED COHESIVE SOILS IN THE COASTAL TABLELANDS OF PERNAMBUCO(1) Diego Vandeval Maranhão de Melo(2), Brivaldo Gomes de Almeida(3), Edivan Rodrigues de Souza(3), Laércio Santos Silva(4) & Paulo Klinger Tito Jacomine(5) SUMMARY Water-soluble polymers are characterized as effective flocculating agents due to their molecular features. Their application to soils with horizons with structural problems, e.g, a cohesive character, contributes to improvements in the physical quality and thus to the agricultural suitability of such soils. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the structural quality of soils with cohesive horizons of coastal tablelands in the State of Pernambuco treated with polyacrylamide (PAM) as chemical soil conditioner. To this end, three horizons (one cohesive and two non- cohesive) of a Yellow Argisol (Ultisol) were evaluated and to compare cohesive horizons, the horizon of a Yellow Latosol (Oxisol) was selected. The treatments consisted of aqueous PAM solutions (12.5; 50.0; 100.0 mg kg-1) and distilled water (control). The structural aspects of the horizons were evaluated by the stability (soil mass retained in five diameter classes), aggregate distribution per size class (mean weight diameter- MWD, geometric mean diameter - GMD) and the magnitude of the changes introduced by PAM by measuring the sensitivity index (Si). Aqueous PAM solutions increased aggregate stability in the largest evaluated diameter class of the cohesive and non-cohesive horizons, resulting in higher MWD and GMD, with highest efficiency of the 100 mg kg-1 solution. The cohesive horizon Bt1 in the Ultisol was most sensitive to the action of PAM, where highest Si values were found, but the structural quality of the BA horizon of the Oxisol was better in terms of stability and aggregate size distribution. Index terms: anionic polymer, coagulation/flocculation, aggregate stability. (1) Part of the Master's Thesis of the first author presented at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE. Received for publication on June 25, 2013 and approved on December 11, 2013. (2) M. Sc. in Soil Science, UFRPE. St. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos. CEP 52171-900 Recife (PE), Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] (3) Professor, Agronomy Department, UFRPE. Email: [email protected], [email protected] (4) Undergraduate student in Agronomy, UFRPE. E-mail: [email protected] (5) Associate Researcher at Embrapa Solos/UEP-Recife. E-mail: [email protected] R. Bras. Ci. Solo, 38:476-485, 2014 STRUCTURAL QUALITY OF POLYACRYLAMIDE-TREATED COHESIVE SOILS IN THE COASTAL... 477 RESUMO: QUALIDADE ESTRUTURAL DE SOLOS COESOS DOS TABULEIROS COSTEIROS DE PERNAMBUCO TRATADOS COM POLIACRILAMIDA Polímeros solúveis em água caracterizam-se como eficientes agentes floculantes relacionados aos seus aspectos moleculares, cuja aplicação em solos com horizontes que apresentam problemas estruturais, como acontece com o caráter coeso, favorece a melhoria da qualidade física e, assim, amplia a aptidão agrícola desses solos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade estrutural de solos com horizontes coesos dos Tabuleiros Costeiros de Pernambuco com a aplicação de Poliacrilamida (PAM) como condicionador químico. Para isso, foram avaliados três horizontes (um coeso e dois não coesos) de um Argissolo Amarelo e, para fins comparativos de horizontes coesos, foi selecionado o horizonte de um Latossolo Amarelo. Como tratamentos, foram aplicadas soluções aquosas de PAM (12,5; 50,0; e 100,0 mg kg-1) e água destilada (controle). Os aspectos estruturais dos horizontes foram avaliados pela estabilidade (massa de solo retida em cinco classes de diâmetro), distribuição de agregados por classe de tamanho (diâmetro médio ponderado - DMP, diâmetro médio geométrico - DMG) e magnitude das alterações promovidas pela PAM, medindo o índice de sensibilidade (Is). As soluções aquosas de PAM aumentaram a estabilidade de agregados na maior classe de diâmetro avaliada dos horizontes coesos e não coesos, repercutindo em maiores valores de DMP e DMG, com a solução de 100 mg kg-1 mais eficiente. O horizonte coeso Bt1, do Argissolo, evidenciou-se mais sensível à ação da PAM, onde foram encontrados maiores valores do Is; porém, o horizonte BA, do Latossolo, apresentou melhor qualidade estrutural inferida pela estabilidade e distribuição de tamanho de agregados. Termos de indexação: polímero aniônico, coagulação/floculação, estabilidade de agregados. INTRODUCTION and reduced surface sealing (Sepaskhah & Shahabizad, 2010) and resistance to root penetration The agroecosystem of coastal tablelands in Brazil (Busscher et al., 2009). has been discussed in studies on the soil quality in The adsorption of PAM to the soil particles is defined these areas (Barreto et al., 2012; Gomes et al., 2012). by the characteristics of both groups; those related to These tableland regions are socially relevant due to soil texture, clay type, organic matter content and the great importance for the national livestock and type of ions present in the solution are the most agriculture sector, mainly for citrus and sugar cane dominant, whereas molecular weight and load type production and extensive and semi-extensive livestock and density are the main properties of PAM involved (Cintra et al., 2004; Souza et al., 2006; Silva et al., in the process, defining its remediation potential 2007). (Seybold, 1994; Deng et al., 2006). The low agricultural potential of the soils of the Thus, this study tested the effects of aqueous coastal tablelands region of Pernambuco is related to polyacrylamide solutions at different concentrations the presence of cohesive layers (Giarola & Silva, 2002; (0, 12.5, 50.0, 100.0 mg kg-1) on the structural quality Lima et al., 2005), which have crop-growth-limiting of cohesive and non-cohesive horizons in two soil physical and hydro-physical properties (Araújo Filho profiles (Yellow Argisol - Ultisol and Yellow Latosol - et al., 2001; Giarola et al., 2003; Santana et al., 2006; Oxisol) in a sugarcane-producing region in the Coastal Corrêa et al., 2008). Tablelands of Pernambuco, evaluated by the aggregate In Brazil, studies on the improvement of the stability and aggregate distribution indices per physical quality of soils with cohesive horizons diameter class (MWD, GMD, Si). restrictedly address mechanical soil tillage practices, and few studies focus on the application of chemical flocculating agents (Almeida, 2008), investigating mostly hydro-absorbent polymers (Azevedo et al., 2002; MATERIAL AND METHODS Oliveira et al., 2004). However, the use of water-soluble synthetic polymers such as polyacrylamide (PAM) can Location and climatic characteristics of the reduce the cohesive strength of such soils when dry study areas (Aly & Letey, 1989), even at an international level. The study was conducted at two locations in the The positive effects of PAM on soil preservation State of Pernambuco : in Goiânia, at the Experimental are related to increased aggregation of soil particles Station of Itapirema of the Agricultural Research and pore continuity (Green et al., 2004; Caesar-Ton Institute of Pernambuco - IPA (07o 37’ 30’’ S, 34o 57’ That et al., 2008), stabilization of the surface structure 30’’ W), the climate classified as Ams’, according to (Dou et al., 2012), increased water infiltration rates, Köppen, average annual rainfall 2,003 mm, R. Bras. Ci. Solo, 38:476-485, 2014 478 Diego Vandeval Maranhão de Melo et al. vegetation predominantly sub-perennial rainforest, Chemical conditioner, sampling and evaluated and Serinhaém, (08o 36’ 47’’ S, 35o 19’ 36’’ W), with properties climate As’ (Köppen). In this region, the average The performance of a high molecular-weight annual rainfall is 1,310 mm and vegetation anionic polymer was evaluated, based on synthetic predominantly sub-perennial rainforest. polyacrylamide (PAM), i.e., polyacrylamide Superfloc -1 Characterization and classification of study A-130, with a molecular weight of 15.0 Mg mol and horizons and selection of profiles charge density (hydrolysis) of 35 %, respectively. Aqueous solutions with PAM were applied to the In Goiânia, the selected profile was classified as aggregates at three concentrations: 12.5; 50.0 and Argissolo Amarelo distrocoeso latossólico (Yellow 100.0 mg kg-1, aside from a control treatment Argisol - Ultisol), and in Serinhaém, as Latossolo consisting of distilled water. Amarelo distrocoeso típico (Yellow Latosol - Oxisol). Both soil profiles were classified according to the Undisturbed soil samples were collected in the field Brazilian System of Soil Classification - SiBCS in block
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