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Insights Secure – 2015 Compilations: General Studies - 1 Insights Secure – 2015 Compilations: General Studies - 1 Insights Secure – 2015 General Studies Paper – 1 29 December 2014 to 3 January 2015 [THE UNDERCOVER GROUP] Compiled By: Urstruly KArtheek Deepak Thurwal Anand vardhan Hatas Engineer Devil Baba LuV Source: http://www.insightsonindia.com http://www.insightsonindia.com INSIGHTS Page 1 Insights Secure – 2015 Compilations: General Studies - 1 Table of Contents General Studies – 1 ........................................................................................... 4 Q) Discuss, with examples, the distinctive features of Mughal chronicles. (200 Words) ...... 4 Q) Examine the factors that led to the raise of jotedars in rural Bengal. Also explain how different they were from zamindars in their power and influence. (200 Words) ..................... 5 Q) On October 14, 1956, Babasaheb Ambedkar, along with several hundred thousand “untouchables”, embraced Buddhism. Critically examine the ideological bases and other reasons which convinced Dr Ambedkar to embrace Buddhism. (200 Words) ....................... 6 Q) Compare and contrast the picture of Indian culture depicted by Arabian and European travellers respectively. (200 Words) .............................................................................................. 7 Q) Discuss salient features of the temple architecture of Vijayanagar Empire. (150 Words) 8 Q) Discuss the development in sculpture and architecture associated with the rise of Vaishnavism and Shaivism. (200 Words) ................................................................................. 9 Q) To what extent do you think the architecture of mosques in the subcontinent reflects a combination of universal ideals and local traditions? (150 Words) ........................................ 10 Q) Examine How did the American Civil War affect the lives of ryots in India in the mid – nineteenth century. (200 Words) .................................................................................................. 12 Q) Critically examine how differently the British and the nationalist sources analysed the 1857 sepoy revolt. (200 Words) .................................................................................................... 13 Q) Describe the role played by women in agricultural production in medieval India. Critically examine how her role has changed in modern India. (200 Words) ....................... 15 Q) Gandhara sculpture owed as much to the Romans as to the Greeks. Explain. (150 Words, CSE-14) ............................................................................................................................... 15 Q) With suitable examples, critically comment on the effect of state and market’s intervention on the culture of some of the important tribal communities of India. (200 Words) ............................................................................................................................................. 17 Q) Discuss the major beliefs and practices that characterised Sufism. (150 Words) ............ 18 Q) It is being reported that many parts of North India are suffering from severe cold waves. Examine the causes and nature of these cold waves. (150 Words) ............................ 19 http://www.insightsonindia.com INSIGHTS Page 2 Insights Secure – 2015 Compilations: General Studies - 1 http://www.insightsonindia.com INSIGHTS Page 3 Insights Secure – 2015 Compilations: General Studies - 1 General Studies – 1 Topic: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. Q) Discuss, with examples, the distinctive features of Mughal chronicles. (200 Words) Chapter – 9 Ans: The chronicles are mouthpiece of Mughal dynasty with distinctive characteristics. Royal insignia The very name of every chronicle like padshah nama; babar nama indicates that they are illuminating symbol of Mughal emperor firming the magnanimity of emperor. Emperor as divine origin The illustrations of most of the chronicles establishes emperor as descendent of allah depicting magical characteristics. A halo or divine light is presented to sigmify emperor. In most of the illustrations of the jahangir nama; emperor is presented with a halo. Story becomes live The popular belief about india that trees also talks becomes enliven with miniature paintings of chronicles. Persian; turkish elements with naturalism under akbar and naturalism with European subjects gets vividity in the paintings of chronicles under jahangir. Religious tolerance The idea of surkh i ul and harmony among various communities are presented in most chronicles of Akbar's time. Overridden of prejudice The most chronicles present allah in natural form against the prohibition of ulema. Abul fazal vehemently protested against the prejudices of Ulema. Sufi influence The sufi ideology of presenting emperor as symbol of allah and giving respect to him with devotion is presented in most chronicles. Abul fazal presents this ideology in akbar nama. http://www.insightsonindia.com INSIGHTS Page 4 Insights Secure – 2015 Compilations: General Studies - 1 Political history Chronicles like ain e akbari; padshah nama gives detail description about the political chronology of time. Reflection of inner conflicts: Humayun nama presents the Inner confliction of women mind in harem and genuine political conspiracy in court of the time. Depiction of contemporary life The court scenes; Battle scenes; busy roads and bazaars etc are depicted in illustrations in the chronicles. Depiction of peculiar rituals The free roaming of lion and lamb depicted below the emperors feet in jahangir nama symbolises Justice.kornisg ; axix mundi and many other rituals are narrated in darbar i Akbari. Vivid description of indian flaura and fauna Along with many other chronicles the tazuk i babari is the specimen of this aspect. Thus Mughal chronicles are enriched with multifarious characteristics. General Studies – 1 Topic: Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues Q) Examine the factors that led to the raise of jotedars in rural Bengal. Also explain how different they were from zamindars in their power and influence. (200 Words) Theme 10 (i.e. chapter 10) Ans: Jotedars were a class of rich peasants that emerged in the late eighteenth century bengal. They were a rich ryot who owned vast areas of land and often rented them to under ryots. they also controlled trade and money lending in villages. The emergence of jotedars to an extent can be attributed to the system of permanent settlement. Various other possible factors are, * Acquisition of large tracts of lands gave immense wealth and power to these class of peasants in the villages. *The inablity of big zamindars to directly deal with the local tenants in lending credit and local trade necessitated raise of jotedars who could directly lend money to poor cultivators and collect their harvest in markets . * The constant efforts by company to undermine authority of zamindars and regulate them lead to decrease in zamindar power paving way for the jotedars and http://www.insightsonindia.com INSIGHTS Page 5 Insights Secure – 2015 Compilations: General Studies - 1 village headmen as alternative power house. Acts like auctioning of zamindari estates were on such example. Zamindars and jotedars differed in their responsibilties, ways of functioning, power they weileded and influnce over the local village folks. * foremost difference being the zamindars often residing in urban areas far from the reality of villages but jotedars being one among the village ryots had a strong presence and weileded considerably more power over the village men. * Zamindars control pertained to only collecting rent/revenue through his officers, though he could take defaulters to courts but the litigations would be drawn forever weakening the system. But Jotedar would involve in direct trade with ryots, lend money, rent lands to share croppers thereby directly influencing villagers. * Jotedars often tried to undermine authority of zamindars by willful default of revenue dues, mobilizing the locals against payment of revenues. This often leading to auctioning of estates by government and jotedars again emerging as purchasers at such auctions. By early nineteenth century,depresion in prices being over zamindars again consolidated their power but only to collapse during the great depression of 1930's thereby again leading to emerence of powerful jotedars. General Studies – 1 Topic: Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues Q) On October 14, 1956, Babasaheb Ambedkar, along with several hundred thousand “untouchables”, embraced Buddhism. Critically examine the ideological bases and other reasons which convinced Dr Ambedkar to embrace Buddhism. (200 Words) Frontline Ans: The decision of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar to embrace Buddhism was not an impulsive decision rather it was after years of comprehensive study of different religions that inspired him to adopt Buddhism. The ideological basis and other reasons for adopting Buddhism are: 1. Upliftment of Untouchables and Depressed Class of Society: Dr. B.R Ambedkar believes that the upliftment of the Depressed class in the social stratum is possible only through adoption of Buddhism as this religion is based on principle of karma, mankind and equality. http://www.insightsonindia.com INSIGHTS Page 6 Insights Secure –
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