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Ancient Monuments of Kashmir

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Ancient Monuments of Kashmir AAnncciieenntt MMoonnuummeennttss ooff KKaasshhmmiirr by Ram Chandra Kak Publisher: Utpal Publications R-22, IInd Floor, Khaneja Complex Main Market, Shakarpur Delhi-110092 PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Ancient Monuments of Kashmir Page Intentionally Left Blank ii KASHMIR NEWS NETWORK (KNN)). PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Ancient Monuments of Kashmir AAnncciieenntt MMoonnuummeennttss ooff KKaasshhmmiirr by Ram Chandra Kak First Edition, September 2002 KASHMIR NEWS NETWORK (KNN)) iii PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Ancient Monuments of Kashmir Contents page Contents......................................................................................................................................v 1 Foreword..........................................................................................................................1-2 2 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................2-3 2.1 SOURCES OF KASHMIR HISTORY.....................................................................2-4 3 ARCHITECTURAL STYLES......................................................................................3-10 3.1 EARLY BUILDINGS (CIRCA A.D. 200 TO 600).................................................3-10 3.2 MEDIAEVAL ARCHITECTURE (A.D. 600 TO 1300)........................................3-10 4 MONUMENTS IN SRINAGAR AND ITS VICINITY.............................................4-20 4.1 SANKARACHARYA TEMPLE...........................................................................4-20 4.2 KHANQAH OF SHAH HAMADAN.....................................................................4-21 4.3 PATTHAR MASJID..............................................................................................4-22 4.4 TOMB OF ZAIN-UL-ABIDIN'S MOTHER...........................................................4-23 4.5 PIR HAJI MUHAMMAD SAHIB..........................................................................4-24 4.6 JAMA' MASJID.....................................................................................................4-24 4.7 THE HARI PARBAT FORT..................................................................................4-26 4.8 AKHUN MULLA SHAH'S MOSQUE...................................................................4-27 4.9 CEMETERY OF BAHA-UD-DIN.........................................................................4-27 4.10 MOSQUE AND TOMB OF MADIN SAHIB.........................................................4-28 4.11 MUGHAL GARDENS...........................................................................................4-29 4.12 CHASHMA-I-SHAHI............................................................................................4-29 4.13 PARI MAHAL.......................................................................................................4-29 4.14 NISHAT BAGH.....................................................................................................4-31 4.15 SHALIMAR...........................................................................................................4-32 4.16 HARWAN EXCAVATIONS................................................................................4-34 4.17 YANDRAHOM MEGALITHS.............................................................................4-36 5 MONUMENTS ABOVE SRINAGAR.........................................................................5-37 5.1 PANDRETHAN.....................................................................................................5-37 5.2 BUDDHIST REMAINS AT PANDRETHAN........................................................5-37 5.3 PAMPUR...............................................................................................................5-38 5.4 LODUV.................................................................................................................5-38 5.5 AVANTIPUR.........................................................................................................5-39 5.6 MALANGPURA....................................................................................................5-42 5.7 PAYAR..................................................................................................................5-43 5.8 NARASTAN..........................................................................................................5-43 5.9 MARTAND...........................................................................................................5-45 5.10 BUMAZUV CAVE AND TEMPLES.....................................................................5-47 5.11 ACHHABAL.........................................................................................................5-47 5.12 KOTHER...............................................................................................................5-48 5.13 MAMAL................................................................................................................5-49 5.14 VERNAG...............................................................................................................5-49 6 MONUMENTS BELOW SRINAGAR.........................................................................6-52 6.1 PARIHASAPURA.................................................................................................6-52 6.2 PATAN..................................................................................................................6-53 KASHMIR NEWS NETWORK (KNN)) v PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Ancient Monuments of Kashmir 6.3 USHKAR AND BARAMULA...............................................................................6-54 6.4 FATHGARH..........................................................................................................6-55 6.5 NARANTHAL.......................................................................................................6-56 6.6 BUNIAR................................................................................................................6-56 6.7 DHATHAMANDIR, OR THE BANDI TEMPLE..................................................6-57 6.8 FIROZPOR= DRANG...........................................................................................6-58 6.9 MANASBAL.........................................................................................................6-58 6.10 ANDARKOT.........................................................................................................6-58 6.11 THE WULAR LAKE.............................................................................................6-59 6.12 GARUR.................................................................................................................6-60 6.13 WANGATH...........................................................................................................6-60 7 Illustrations....................................................................................................................7-63 7.1 Shiv Ling at Kapal Mochan (Shopian)....................................................................7-63 7.2 Maha Kali Temple..................................................................................................7-64 7.3 Temple at Loduv....................................................................................................7-65 7.4 Avantisvami Temple: General View From The Front.............................................7-66 7.5 Payar Temple.........................................................................................................7-67 7.6 Temple at Narastan.................................................................................................7-68 7.7 Sanraragaurisvara Temple at Patan.........................................................................7-69 7.8 Miniature Temple at Patan......................................................................................7-70 7.9 Buniar Temple........................................................................................................7-71 7.10 Submerged Temple in Manasbal Lake....................................................................7-72 7.11 Wangath Temples...................................................................................................7-73 vi KASHMIR NEWS NETWORK (KNN)). PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Ancient Monuments of Kashmir KASHMIR NEWS NETWORK (KNN)) vii PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com Ancient Monuments of Kashmir 1 Foreword KASHMIR is renowned throughout the world for its beauty- for the girdle of snowy mountains which surround the lovely Valley, for its rivers and lakes and its primeval forests, and for its moderate temperature. To the dwellers in the heated plains of India it has not pined ever been a paradise of bliss. Who that has heard of it has pined to go there ? Who that has once visited it has not pined to go there again ? Who that has gone there again has not wished to remain there for ever ? To the great ones of India it has always had an attraction, and where great ones go there much remains. Such marks remain in Kashmir. But they need study for their understanding and this study is now being more and more made. 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