List of Famous Mosque in the World
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The Resurgence of Asa'ib Ahl Al-Haq
December 2012 Sam Wyer MIDDLE EAST SECURITY REPORT 7 THE RESURGENCE OF ASA’IB AHL AL-HAQ Photo Credit: Asa’ib Ahl al-Haq protest in Kadhimiya, Baghdad, September 2012. Photo posted on Twitter by Asa’ib Ahl al-Haq. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ©2012 by the Institute for the Study of War. Published in 2012 in the United States of America by the Institute for the Study of War. 1400 16th Street NW, Suite 515 Washington, DC 20036. http://www.understandingwar.org Sam Wyer MIDDLE EAST SECURITY REPORT 7 THE RESURGENCE OF ASA’IB AHL AL-HAQ ABOUT THE AUTHOR Sam Wyer is a Research Analyst at the Institute for the Study of War, where he focuses on Iraqi security and political matters. Prior to joining ISW, he worked as a Research Intern at AEI’s Critical Threats Project where he researched Iraqi Shi’a militia groups and Iranian proxy strategy. He holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Political Science from Middlebury College in Vermont and studied Arabic at Middlebury’s school in Alexandria, Egypt. ABOUT THE INSTITUTE The Institute for the Study of War (ISW) is a non-partisan, non-profit, public policy research organization. ISW advances an informed understanding of military affairs through reliable research, trusted analysis, and innovative education. ISW is committed to improving the nation’s ability to execute military operations and respond to emerging threats in order to achieve U.S. -
Spiritual Journey Author: Ali Hassnain Khan Khichi1 Reccive: 25/03/2019 Accept: 12/10/2019
Spiritual Journey Author: Ali Hassnain Khan Khichi1 Reccive: 25/03/2019 Accept: 12/10/2019 Problem Statement We will review in this spiritual journey One of the greatest personalities in sacrifice and redemption, he is Hussein bin Ali (Abu Shuhadaa) May Allah be pleased with him, My heart rejoiced and my pen because I have received that honor to write about an honorable person Son of the Master Ali ibn Abi Talib, a pure seed with deep roots in faith. Imam Hussein derives his glory from of the Messenger of Allah Muhammad Peace be upon him. In fact, I do not find much trouble in a flow of ideas which follows one idea after the other about the wonderful example in steadfastness on the right. And I am thirsty for the moment when the article will be finished to start reading it again. When I started in my writing, I did not know much about the subject, but when I read the references and resources and studied the details of Imam's life, I was surprised with many meanings that added a lot to my personality. When we talk about this great person we must mention the environment in which he grew up and the family from which he descended. They are a family of the Prophet Muhammad (Ahl Albeit), , who are distinguished by good deeds, redemption and sacrifice, the reason for their preference was their commitment to the method of God and they paid precious cost to become the word of God is the highest. َ ََّ ُ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ َ ْ َ ُ َ ْ )1( )إن َما ُيريد ُالله لُيذه َب عنك ُم َّالر ْج َس أهل ال َبْيت َو ُيط َّه َرك ْم تطه ًيرا( ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ The Holy Prophet Muhammad has recommended all Muslims to love (Ahl Albeit) and keep them in mind. -
Chapter 1 External Features of the Faisal Mosque
6 Chapter 1 External features of the Faisal Mosque Throughout the architectural style has been a mean of expression of thought in constructive form. It has undergone several stages of development in its design and style. Every civilization developed its own architectural style which became its identity. The Faisal Mosque as a modern representation of religious monument became a symbol of national identity and has international preeminence due to its uniqueness of exterior constructive design (plate 1). The mosque represents a modern phase of architectural decoration in constructive form and as surface ornamentation. From the exterior the sanctuary and minarets are the most prominent features of the Faisal Mosque. The huge sanctuary has a plan of 656.66 square feet.1 The peak of the roof is 131.24 feet above ground level.2 The four walls are in the form of isosceles triangles with a base of 215 feet and sides of 128 feet and are constructed of steel and concrete. These outer walls have different decorative designs. The main entrance of the sanctuary is from the east and this wall is divided into nine vertical sections made of concrete filled with crescent motifs (plate 2). Each crescent is one foot one inch in length, five inches thick at its center and eight inches high (plate 3). Clear glass is fitted into the crescent shapes and provides light to the interior (drawing figure 1). The crescent motif is used as a finial above the roof, and also appears on the low walls of the mu’adhdhin pew in the eastern courtyard. -
1Changes in Religious Tourism in Poland at The
ISSN 0867-5856 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.29.2.09 e-ISSN 2080-6922 Tourism 2019, 29/2 Franciszek Mróz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6380-387X Pedagogical University of Krakow Institute of Geography Department of Tourism and Regional Studies [email protected] CHANGES IN RELIGIOUS TOURISM IN POLAND AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY Abstract: This study presents changes in religious tourism in Poland at the beginning of the 21st century. These include the develop- ment of a network of pilgrimage centers, the renaissance of medieval pilgrim routes, the unflagging popularity of pilgrimages on foot as well as new forms using bicycles, canoes, skis, scooters, rollerblades and trailskates; along with riding, Nordic walking, running and so on. Related to pilgrimages, there is a growing interest in so-called ‘holidays’ in monasteries, hermitages and retreat homes, as well as a steady increase in weekend religious tourism. Religious tourists and pilgrims are attracted to shrines by mysteries, church fairs and religious festivals, in addition to regular religious services and ceremonies. Keywords: religious tourism, pilgrimages, shrine, pilgrim routes, Camino de Santiago (Way of St James). 1. INTRODUCTION Religious tourism is one of the most rapidly developing This article reviews the main trends and changes in types in the world. According to data from the World religious tourism and pilgrimage in Poland at the be- Tourism Organization (UNWTO) from 2004, during ginning of the 21st century. It is worth noting that in the that year approx. 330 million people took trips with analyzed period a number of events took place which a religious or religious-cognitive aim by visiting major have left a mark on the pilgrimage movement and reli- world pilgrimage centers (Tourism can protect and pro- gious tourism in Poland: the last pilgrimage of John mote religious heritage, 2014). -
Growth and Decline of Muslim Hui Enclaves in Beijing
EG1402.fm Page 104 Thursday, June 21, 2007 12:59 PM Growth and Decline of Muslim Hui Enclaves in Beijing Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and C. Cindy Fan1 Abstract: The Hui people are a distinct ethnic group in China in terms of their diet and Islamic religion. In this paper, we examine the divergent residential and economic develop- ment of Niujie and Madian, two Hui enclaves in the city of Beijing. Our analysis is based on archival and historical materials, census data, and information collected from recent field work. We show that in addition to social perspectives, geographic factors—location relative to the northward urban expansion of Beijing, and the character of urban administrative geog- raphy in China—are important for understanding the evolution of ethnic enclaves. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: O10, I31, J15. 3 figures, 2 tables, 60 refer- ences. INTRODUCTION esearch on ethnic enclaves has focused on their residential and economic functions and Ron the social explanations for their existence and persistence. Most studies do not address the role of geography or the evolution of ethnic enclaves, including their decline. In this paper, we examine Niujie and Madian, two Muslim Hui enclaves in Beijing, their his- tory, and recent divergent paths of development. While Niujie continues to thrive as a major residential area of the Hui people in Beijing and as a prominent supplier of Hui foods and services for the entire city, both the Islamic character and the proportion of Hui residents in Madian have declined. We argue that Madian’s location with respect to recent urban expan- sion in Beijing and the administrative geography of the area have contributed to the enclave’s decline. -
THE LYRICAL FACADES of SAN'a'
THE LYRICAL FACADES OF SAN'a' Saba Taher Al-Suleihi Bachelor of Architecture College of Environmental Design University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran, Saudi Arabia December 1985 Submitted to the Department of Architecture in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science in Architecture Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology June 1992 @Saba Taher Al-Suleihi, 1992 The author hereby grants to M.I.T. permission to reproduce and distribute copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author Saba T. Al-Suleihi Certified by_ Ronald B. Lewcock Visiting Professor of Architecture Thesis Supervisor Accepted by_ Julian Beinart Chairman, Departmental Committee on Graduate Studies OF TECHOLOGY JUN 05 1992 USHAMES Room 14-0551 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 Ph: 617.253.2800 Email: [email protected] Document Services http://libraries.mit.edu/docs DISCLAIMER OF QUALITY Due to the condition of the original material, there are unavoidable flaws in this reproduction. We have made every effort possible to provide you with the best copy available. If you are dissatisfied with this product and find it unusable, please contact Document Services as soon as possible. Thank you. - -600NOW - _WWOWdWW-- The Lyrical Fagades of San'A' by Saba Taher Al-Suleihi Submitted to the Department of Architecture on May 8, 1992 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Architecture Studies ABSTRACT This study investigates aspects of the interrelationship between poetry and architecture as two modes of cultural expression. It postulates that the critical aesthetic values of a culture surface in its various products which may interchange influences and roles. -
A Short Survey of Stucco Decoration in the Mahabat Khan Mosque, Peshawar
9 Ancient Pakistan, Vol. XIV A Short Survey of Stucco Decoration in the Mahabat Khan Mosque, Peshawar IBRAHIM SHAH AND NIDAULLAH SEHRAI Introduction The Mahabat Khan Mosque (Pl.. 1), "the chief congregational mosque of the city", is located in the Andarshahr area inside the Asamai Gate of the walled city of Peshawar. It was built by Mahabat Khan Mirza Luhrasp, son of Mahabat Khan Zamanah Beg, governor of the "Subah-e- Kabul wa Peshawar", during AD 1660 and 1670 (Shah, 1993, p.151; 1994, p. 499; 1999, p. 97). The mosque, in view of its gigantic structure and sur;nptuous embellishment, is justifiably regarded as " a real ornament of the city of Peshawar" (Dani, 1969, p. 175). The decorative work of this mosque falls into three major classes: a. Calligraphic Specimens b. Painted Decoration c. Stucco Relief Work The principal author has already published articles on the first two classes of the decoration (Shah, 1996, pp. 389-410; 1997, pp. 91-112), we, therefore, confine here to examining decoration executed in stucco. Stucco Relief Work Stucco, in this mosque, is used for three main purposes: 1. as mortar for laying bricks in courses (or as binding agent). 11. as plaster for covering naked bricks to get a smooth ground. iii. as a medium for relief work-tracery, stamped or moulded. The first two being out of context here, we, therefore, confine ourselves to the description of the third purpose, i.e., stucco relief work. The term 'stucco' is" applied to fine exterior or interior plaster work used as a three dimensional ornamentation, as a smooth plaster surface or as a wet ground for the painting of frescoes" (Encyc. -
Shifting Sands of Writing Inks in Yemen. the Occurrence of Sparkling
Chroniques du Manuscrit au Yémen عدد ٧ )٢٦(، يوليو ٢٠١۸ N° 7 (26) / Juillet 2018 Directrice de la Publication Anne REGOURD Contact Secrétariat [email protected] Comité de rédaction Tamon BABA (Université de Kyushu, Japon), Jan THIELE (Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid), Anne REGOURD Revue de presse Maxim YOSEFI (Université de Göttingen) Conseil de rédaction Geoffrey KHAN (Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, Université de Cambridge (GB)), Martha M. MUNDY (The London School of Economics and Political Science, Dépt d’anthropologie), Jan RETSÖ (Université de Gothenburg, Dépt de langues et littératures, Suède), Sabine SCHMIDTKE (Institute for Ad- vanced Study, Princeton) Correspondants Tamon BABA (Université de Kyushu, Japon), Deborah FREEMAN-FAHID (FRAS, Assistant Con- servateur, Dir. de publication, The al-Sabah Collection, Dar al-Athar al-Islamiyyah, Koweït), Stéphane IPERT (Res- ponsable Préservation & Conservation, Qatar National Library), Abdullah Yahya AL SURAYHI (Manuscrits, Université d’Abu Dhabi, Bibliothèque nationale, Abu Dhabi) Comité de lecture Hassan F. ANSARI (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton), Anne K. BANG (Université de Bergen, Norvège), Marco DI BELLA (Indépendant, Conservation/restauration manuscrits arabes), Deborah FREEMAN- FAHID (FRAS, Assistant Conservateur, Dir. de publication, The al-Sabah Collection, Dar al-Athar al-Islamiyyah, Ko- weït), David G. HIRSCH (Advisor for Library Services, Mohammed bin Rashid Library, Dubai), Michaela HOFFMANN- -
Somalia: Al-Shabaab – It Will Be a Long War
Policy Briefing Africa Briefing N°99 Nairobi/Brussels, 26 June 2014 Somalia: Al-Shabaab – It Will Be a Long War I. Overview Despite the recent military surge against Somalia’s armed Islamist extremist and self- declared al-Qaeda affiliate, Al-Shabaab, its conclusive “defeat” remains elusive. The most likely scenario – already in evidence – is that its armed units will retreat to small- er, remote and rural enclaves, exploiting entrenched and ever-changing clan-based competition; at the same time, other groups of radicalised and well-trained individ- uals will continue to carry out assassinations and terrorist attacks in urban areas, in- cluding increasingly in neighbouring countries, especially Kenya. The long connec- tion between Al-Shabaab’s current leadership and al-Qaeda is likely to strengthen. A critical breakthrough in the fight against the group cannot, therefore, be achieved by force of arms, even less so when it is foreign militaries, not the Somali National Army (SNA), that are in the lead. A more politically-focused approach is required. Even as its territory is squeezed in the medium term, Al-Shabaab will continue to control both money and minds. It has the advantage of at least three decades of Salafi-Wahhabi proselytisation (daawa) in Somalia; social conservatism is already strongly entrenched – including in Somaliland and among Somali minorities in neigh- bouring states – giving it deep reservoirs of fiscal and ideological support, even with- out the intimidation it routinely employs. An additional factor is the group’s proven ability to adapt, militarily and politically – flexibility that is assisted by its leadership’s freedom from direct accountability to any single constituency. -
An Ancient Mosque in Ningbo, China “Historical and Architectural Study”
JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE P-ISSN: 2086-2636 E-ISSN: 2356-4644 Journal Home Page: http://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/JIA AN ANCIENT MOSQUE IN NINGBO, CHINA “HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL STUDY” |Received December 13th 2016 | Accepted April 4th 2017| Available online June 15th 2017| | DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v4i3.3851 | Hamada M. Hagras ABSTRACT Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt With the rise of Tang dynasty (618–907), Ningbo was an important [email protected] commercial city on the Chinese eastern coast. Arab merchants had an important role in trade relations between China and the West. Ningbo mosque was initially built in 1003 during Northern Song period by Muslims traders who had migrated from Arab lands to settle in China. Through ongoing research of representative Muslim architecture, such as Chinese Mosques, this paper seeks to shed light on the artistic features of this mosque. Many of the key characteristics of this distinctive ethnic heritage are based on commonly held religious beliefs and on the relationship between culture and religion. This paper aims to study the characteristics of Chinese mosques architecture, through studying one of the most important planning patterns of the traditional courtyards plan Known as Siheyuan, and it will also make a practical study on Ningbo Yuehu Mosque. The result of this study shows that the Ningbo Yuehu mosque is like Chinese mosques which follows essentially the norms of Chinese planning, layout design, and wooden structures. KEYWORDS: Ningbo, Mosque, Plan, Courtyard, Inscriptions INTRODUCTION (626‐649) received an embassy from the last Sassanid rulers Yazdegerd III (631‐651) asking for help against WHY THE SELECTED NINGBO MOSQUE? the invading Arab armies of his country, however, the emperor avoid to help him to ward off problems that Although many Chinese cities contain more may result from it [8][9]. -
The Design of Mosques As Community Development Centers from the Perspective of the Sunna and Wright’S Organic Architecture
THE DESIGN OF MOSQUES AS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CENTERS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE SUNNA AND WRIGHT’S ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE Mohamad Tajuddin Mohamad Rasdi Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] Nangkula Utaberta Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia e-mail:[email protected] Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to present an alternative approach to mosque design with particular reference to the context of Malaysia and the Malay World or the Nusantara. The paper contains four main parts. The first part examines the problem of mosque architectural interpretation from the perspective of Western architectural historiography. The main problems highlighted are those which pertain to the idea of ‘architecture’, ‘religious architecture’, relevance of the body of knowledge known as the ‘Hadith’ and lastly the specific historical-political agenda of some traditional mosques. The second part of the paper expounds briefly a reinterpretation of the hadith in arguing that the mosque approaches more as a community development complex than that as a mere house of rituals. The third part of the paper examines Wright’s Organic Architecture with specific reference to the design of the Unity Church and a few other buildings as containing some important lessons of mosque designs from the perspective of the Sunnah. The final part of the paper uses the principles discussed to criticize the Putra Mosque and the Masjid Negara. Keywords: Sunna, Organic Architecture, mosque design, Frank Lloyd Wright Abstrak Kajian ini berupaya untuk menghadirkan pendekatan alternatif terhadap perancangan masjid dengan referensi kontekstual dari Malaysia atau Nusantara. -
Historical Places of Pakistan Minar-E-Pakistan
Historical places of Pakistan Minar-e-Pakistan: • Minar-e-Pakistan (or Yadgaar-e-Pakistan ) is a tall minaret in Iqbal Park Lahore, built in commemoration of the Lahore Resolution. • The minaret reflects a blend of Mughal and modern architecture, and is constructed on the site where on March 23, 1940, seven years before the formation of Pakistan, the Muslim League passed the Lahore Resolution (Qarardad-e-Lahore ), demanding the creation of Pakistan. • The large public space around the monument is commonly used for political and public meetings, whereas Iqbal Park area is ever so popular among kite- flyers. • The tower rises about 60 meters on the base, thus the total height of minaret is about 62 meters above the ground. • The unfolding petals of the flower-like base are 9 meters high. The diameter of the tower is about 97.5 meters (320 feet). Badshahi Mosque: or the 'Emperor's Mosque', was ,( د ه :The Badshahi Mosque (Urdu • built in 1673 by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in Lahore, Pakistan. • It is one of the city's best known landmarks, and a major tourist attraction epitomising the beauty and grandeur of the Mughal era. • Capable of accommodating over 55,000 worshipers. • It is the second largest mosque in Pakistan, after the Faisal Mosque in Islamabad. • The architecture and design of the Badshahi Masjid is closely related to the Jama Masjid in Delhi, India, which was built in 1648 by Aurangzeb's father and predecessor, Emperor Shah Jahan. • The Imam-e-Kaaba (Sheikh Abdur-Rahman Al-Sudais of Saudi Arabia) has also led prayers in this mosque in 2007.