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Siena Office of Institutional Effectiveness Peer and Aspirant Analysis – January 2010

A statistical analysis of 1291 privately controlled institutions identified several institutions similar to Siena. An analytical procedure called cluster analysis, which has been used previously at Siena for peer identification, was used to identify clusters of data on which institutions resemble Siena. 115 institutions were closely matched to Siena, and 28 were identified as nearest matches. (The methodology appears as Appendix A, and the 115 institutions and their similarities to Siena appear as Appendix B. Complete data for each of the twenty‐seven nearest‐match institutions appears as Appendix C.)

Here are Siena’s data on each of the fourteen variables, along with the range of data for the cluster in which Siena was located. As noted in Appendix A, most of these data are drawn from 2006‐07, and some are from 2008‐09.

Variable Siena Cluster Range Undergraduate enrollment (FTE) 3,075 1,650‐3,500 Endowment per FTE 45,519 29,000‐70,000 Educational expenditures per FTE 18,294 14,000‐26,000 SAT scores of enrolled freshmen 1020‐1300 920‐1200 to 1130‐1350 Admit and yield rates 55% admit, 18%‐61% admit, 25% yield 10%‐60% yield Retention rate (freshman cohort) 85% 80%‐100% Graduation rate (six‐year freshman cohort) 80% 77%‐100% Percentage of students receiving federal grant aid 18% 0%‐19% Number of faculty 287 170‐350 Percentage of faculty who are full‐time 62% 53%‐75% Faculty compensation, average for all ranks $104,000 $95,000‐$105,300 Percentage of classes enrolling fewer than 20 students 38% 38%‐47% Percentage of faculty holding terminal degrees 91% 88%‐93% Alumni giving rate 20% 17%‐26%

Here are the institutions sharing the most clusters with Siena, the nearest statistical matches.

Eleven clusters Ten clusters (PA) (NY) Providence College (RI) Messiah College (PA) Stonehill College (MA) (FL) Susquehanna (PA) St. Michael’s College (VT) (CA) (PA) (OH)

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The seventeen institutions sharing nine clusters with Siena include some of the institutions most frequently identified as peer institutions for Siena, but also some institutions that rarely if ever enter the discussion.

Nine clusters Bryant University (RI) (MN) (FL) McDaniel College (MD) (PA) (PA) (CT) (GA) (PA) Quinnipiac College (CT) (MD) (PA) Linfield College (OR) Valparaiso University (IN) Loyola College in (MD) Washington & Jefferson College (PA) (IA)

Some of these nearest matches are first‐tier liberal arts , while others are top master’s . (Second‐tier liberal arts colleges resemble top master’s universities in most statistical respects.) The statistical profile of these two types of institutions, and the variables on which Siena closely resembles the different types, suggest very different current conditions and future directions. The following table illustrates the differences between these institutional types.

Ways in which Siena is more like a FIRST‐ Ways in which Siena is more like a TOP TIER and less like a MASTER’S UNIVERSITY and less like a FIRST‐ TOP MASTER’S UNIVERSITY TIER LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE Graduation rate Educational expenditures per FTE Admit and yield rate SAT scores Faculty compensation Endowment per FTE Percentage of faculty with terminal degree Percentage of full‐time faculty Alumni giving rate

The following table provides another illustration of how these institutional types differ. These data were drawn from the institutions in the Siena close‐match group, and for this purpose only institutional types followed the definitions in the US News and World Report Best Colleges survey: “first‐tier liberal arts colleges” include the 56 highest‐ranked national liberal arts colleges (36 members in the close‐match group) and “top master’s universities” include the 40 institutions earning a top 10 ranking in any of the four geographic regions (21 members in the close‐match group). The list of institutions in the two groups appear as Appendix D.

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Variable First‐Tier Liberal Siena Top Master’s Arts College University (Median) (Median) Undergraduate enrollment (FTE) 2,196 3,075 4,599 Endowment per FTE $247,426 $45,519 $39,145 Educational expenditures per FTE $38,386 $18,294 $19,620 Median SAT score of enrolled freshmen 1410 1200 1280 Admit and yield rates 38% admit, 55% admit, 61% admit, 33% yield 25% yield 27% yield Retention rate (freshman cohort) 93% 85% 88% Graduation rate (four‐year freshman cohort) 86% 80% 76% Percentage of students receiving federal grant aid 11% 18% 12% Number of faculty 266 287 469 Percentage of faculty who are full‐time 82% 62% 60% Faculty compensation, average for all ranks $114,000 $104,000 $100,400 Percentage of classes enrolling fewer than 20 students 69% 38% 49% Number of faculty holding terminal degrees 95% 91% 90% Alumni giving rate 40% 20% 19%

Identification of a strategic direction will shape the final peer and aspirant lists.

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Appendix A Analytical methodology

The present study follows earlier institutional practice by using a statistical procedure called cluster analysis. Statistical information was collected through the IPEDS data system on all 1291 institutions in five Carnegie classifications – all three “master’s universities” types (large, medium, and small) and two of the three “baccalaureate colleges” types (“liberal arts” and “diverse fields”).1 The data were aggregated into ten variables that are commonly used at institutions of higher :

• Undergraduate enrollment (full‐time equivalent, or FTE) • Endowment per FTE • Educational expenditures per FTE • SAT scores of enrolled freshmen (25th and 75th percentile scores, Math and Critical ) • Admit and yield rates • Retention rate (freshman cohort) • Graduation rate (six‐year freshman cohort) • Percentage of students receiving federal grant aid • Number of faculty • Percentage of faculty who are full‐time

The data were collected for the year 2006‐2007, the most recent year for which complete data were available. These data are also counted according to federal definitions, so they vary slightly from the data appearing in the Fact Book. The data were organized into clusters on each of the variables as a way to group similar institutions together. For example, all institutions enrolling between 1 and 1643 students were placed in one cluster; all institutions enrolling between 1644 and 3484 students were placed in another; and so forth. The specific values for each cluster were identified using the cluster routines in SPSS, based on the data in the population; the number of clusters were identified by trial and error to ensure that groupings were meaningful. Institutions not reporting data on a particular variable were excluded from clustering on that variable.

115 institutions were identified as finalists because they shared at least six clusters with Siena. For these finalists, data on four additional variables were gathered from other sources:

• Faculty compensation, average for all ranks (AAUP Report on the Economic Status of the Profession, 2008‐09) • Number of classes enrolling fewer than 20 students (US News and World Report Best Colleges 2010) • Percentage of faculty holding terminal degrees (US News and World Report Best Colleges 2010)

1The third “baccalaureate colleges” type includes institutions who grant more than half of their undergraduate degrees on the associate, rather than the baccalaureate, level. For more details, see http://classifications.carnegiefoundation.org/details/basic.php.

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• Alumni giving rate (two‐year average; US News and World Report Best Colleges 2010)

Four variables served to remove substantially different institutional types from the universe of 1291 institutions and therefore are present in the overwhelming majority of closely matched institutions (seven or more clusters). These variables are freshman retention (matched by 95% of institutions in the closely matched group); students receiving federal grant aid, a proxy for low family income (89%); and FTE enrollment and faculty head count (77% and 75%), which tend to track each other. The clusters on these four variables remove much larger and smaller institutions as well as institutions that pursue students with less college preparation and lower income.

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Appendix B Institutions with Six or More Cluster Matches Here are the institutions with six or more cluster matches with Siena.

Carnegie Classification abbreviations: MU (master’s university), LAC (baccalaureate college ‐ liberal arts), DIV (baccalaureate college‐diverse fields) Car‐ SAT Endow‐ Educa‐ Admit Enroll‐ Reten‐ Grad‐ Pct Fac‐ Pct Com‐ Pct fac‐ Pct Alumni negie scores ment tional and ment tion uation fed‐ ulty full‐ pensa‐ ulty classes giving classi‐ per FTE expen‐ yield (FTE) rate rate eral head time tion, with under rate fica‐ ditures rate grant count fac‐ all terminal 20 tion per aid ulty ranks degree FTE Alfred University MU x x x x x x x Augustana College LAC x x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x x Bentley University MU x x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x Bradley University MU x x x x x x x Bryant University MU x x x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x x Butler University MU x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x Champlain College DIV x x x x x x Chapman University MU x x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x College of Saint Benedict LAC x x x x x x x College of the Holy Cross LAC x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x x

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Car‐ SAT Endow‐ Educa‐ Admit Enroll‐ Reten‐ Grad‐ Pct Fac‐ Pct Com‐ Pct fac‐ Pct Alumni negie scores ment tional and ment tion uation fed‐ ulty full‐ pensa‐ ulty classes giving classi‐ per FTE expen‐ yield (FTE) rate rate eral head time tion, with under rate fica‐ ditures rate grant count fac‐ all terminal 20 tion per aid ulty ranks degree FTE Concordia C ‐ Moorhead LAC x x x x x x x x College LAC x x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x x DeSales University MU x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x Eckerd College LAC x x x x x x x x x Elizabethtown College DIV x x x x x x x x x Elon University MU x x x x x x x Emmanuel College MU x x x x x x Fairfield University MU x x x x x x x x x Franklin and Marshall C LAC x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x x Gettysburg College LAC x x x x x x x x x Goucher College LAC x x x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x x Gustavus Adolphus C LAC x x x x x x x x College LAC x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x x x Illinois Wesleyan U LAC x x x x x x x x MU x x x x x x x x John DIV x x x x x x x x John MU x x x x x x x x

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Car‐ SAT Endow‐ Educa‐ Admit Enroll‐ Reten‐ Grad‐ Pct Fac‐ Pct Com‐ Pct fac‐ Pct Alumni negie scores ment tional and ment tion uation fed‐ ulty full‐ pensa‐ ulty classes giving classi‐ per FTE expen‐ yield (FTE) rate rate eral head time tion, with under rate fica‐ ditures rate grant count fac‐ all terminal 20 tion per aid ulty ranks degree FTE LAC x x x x x x DIV x x x x x x x Lewis & Clark College LAC x x x x x x x x Linfield College LAC x x x x x x x x x Loyola College ‐ Maryland MU x x x x x x x x x Loyola Marymount U MU x x x x x x x x Luther College LAC x x x x x x x x x Macalester College LAC x x x x x x x x x Manhattan College LAC x x x x x x x x x x MU x x x x x x x McDaniel College LAC x x x x x x x x x Merrimack College LAC x x x x x x x Messiah College DIV x x x x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x x x Moravian College LAC x x x x x x x x x Morehouse College LAC x x x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x Mount St Mary's U MU x x x x x x x x Mount LAC x x x x x x Muhlenberg College LAC x x x x x x x x x x x North MU x x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x Ohio Northern University DIV x x x x x x x

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Car‐ SAT Endow‐ Educa‐ Admit Enroll‐ Reten‐ Grad‐ Pct Fac‐ Pct Com‐ Pct fac‐ Pct Alumni negie scores ment tional and ment tion uation fed‐ ulty full‐ pensa‐ ulty classes giving classi‐ per FTE expen‐ yield (FTE) rate rate eral head time tion, with under rate fica‐ ditures rate grant count fac‐ all terminal 20 tion per aid ulty ranks degree FTE Ohio Wesleyan U LAC x x x x x x Palm Beach Atlantic U‐West MU x x x x x x Palm Beach Providence College MU x x x x x x x x x x x MU x x x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x x MU x x x x x x x Rollins College LAC x x x x x x x x x x Saint Anselm College LAC x x x x x x x x Saint Johns University LAC x x x x x x Saint Mary's College (IN) LAC x x x x x x x Saint Michael’s College MU x x x x x x x x x x Saint Norbert College LAC x x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x x x MU x x x x x x x x Santa Clara University LAC x x x x x x x x x Seattle Pacific University MU x x x x x x Simmons College MU x x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x x x St. LAC x x x x x x x St. Mary’s University (TX) MU x x x x x x x St. Olaf College LAC x x x x x x x x MU x x x x x x x x Stonehill College LAC x x x x x x x x x x x

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Car‐ SAT Endow‐ Educa‐ Admit Enroll‐ Reten‐ Grad‐ Pct Fac‐ Pct Com‐ Pct fac‐ Pct Alumni negie scores ment tional and ment tion uation fed‐ ulty full‐ pensa‐ ulty classes giving classi‐ per FTE expen‐ yield (FTE) rate rate eral head time tion, with under rate fica‐ ditures rate grant count fac‐ all terminal 20 tion per aid ulty ranks degree FTE SUNY at Geneseo MU x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x x x x x x Taylor University DIV x x x x x x x x Trinity College LAC x x x x x x x x Trinity University MU x x x x x x x x x Union College (NY) LAC x x x x x x x University of Portland MU x x x x x x x x University of Scranton MU x x x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x x x Valparaiso University MU x x x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x x Villanova University MU x x x x x x x x x x MU x x x x x x x x Washington & Jefferson C LAC x x x x x x x x x Washington and Lee U LAC x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x Westminster College (MO) LAC x x x x x x Wheaton College (IL) LAC x x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x x MU x x x x x x x x LAC x x x x x x Wittenberg University MU x x x x x x x x x

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Appendix C Nearest Matches Here are the 28 institutions with nine to eleven cluster matches with Siena. Data not cluster‐matched with Siena are shaded. SAT Endow‐ Educa‐ Admit Enroll‐ Reten‐ Grad‐ Pct Fac‐ Pct Com‐ Pct fac‐ Pct Alumni scores ment per tional and ment tion uation fed‐ ulty full‐ pensa‐ ulty classes giving (75th FTE expen‐ yield (FTE) rate rate eral head time tion, all with under rate percen‐ ditures rate grant count fac‐ ranks term 20 tile) per FTE aid ulty ($000) degree Siena College 1200 45,519 18,294 55/25 3075 85 80 18 287 62 104.0 91 38 20 Muhlenberg College 1320 49,067 21,325 44/32 2332 93 83 4 281 59 88.8 89 59 29 Providence College 1290 32,806 17,070 48/25 4590 91 87 10 442 59 100.4 92 50 26 Stonehill College 1250 70,334 21,144 54/21 2312 86 85 11 247 60 88.9 84 43 20 Susquehanna University 1200 63,604 22,169 79/30 1954 86 82 17 204 60 86.4 92 52 20 Manhattan College 1220 14,737 18,330 52/27 3017 85 69 16 330 52 102.4 95 42 22 Messiah College 1280 44,175 21,197 76/38 2814 84 73 16 290 59 83.4 83 47 22 Rollins College 1270 115,942 21,720 55/30 3058 84 68 15 323 60 98.7 94 67 21 Saint Michaels College 1200 32,508 20,636 73/26 2187 91 80 17 273 52 103.2 86 58 22 Santa Clara University 1320 85,978 24,405 61/22 6714 94 84 7 774 65 118.8 90 38 18 Villanova University 1360 27,763 19,511 43/30 8860 95 88 10 1052 60 102.5 90 42 18 Wittenberg University 1290 56,089 22,309 82/30 1991 82 61 19 195 73 88.9 92 61 20 Bryant University 1200 49,904 20,984 44/32 3328 86 74 11 251 62 126.9 84 19 11 Eckerd College 1230 10,587 20,897 72/27 2278 82 58 15 170 66 86.4 96 42 22 Elizabethtown College 1220 23,556 20,571 62/50 2123 86 70 11 245 53 n/a 89 71 25 Fairfield University 1260 54,098 22,825 61/18 4256 89 81 10 483 49 117.6 93 42 16 Gettysburg College 1350 94,926 29,799 43/32 2519 91 81 8 285 70 102.0 91 69 37 Goucher College 1300 114,238 23,179 70/20 1838 82 67 13 210 60 87.0 89 74 25 Linfield College 1230 40,590 24,467 73/27 1727 86 69 14 174 61 90.2 94 65 19 Loyola College ‐ Maryland 1270 33,060 24,366 65/19 4884 89 83 9 547 59 102.4 79 55 24 Luther College 1310 44,008 18,752 81/41 2466 83 74 16 256 71 86.6 90 57 28 Macalester College 1450 337,698 34,071 39/27 1897 93 86 13 218 72 104.5 92 69 41 McDaniel College 1230 31,828 15,374 73/24 2539 85 72 16 347 37 92.6 89 66 19 Moravian College 1210 49,049 19,910 65/31 1742 86 75 15 256 44 88 88 68 22 Morehouse College 1170 46,785 23,872 55/57 2821 87 60 58 236 68 82.9 89 45 15 Quinnipiac College 1190 31,103 16,216 58/24 6715 88 72 7 846 35 118.7 88 46 17 University of Scranton 1210 22,252 16,970 70/21 4599 89 78 15 449 56 105.3 84 46 19 Valparaiso University 1270 49,980 19,620 89/23 3653 81 77 19 367 72 88.3 91 49 20 Washington & Jefferson C 1220 69,359 21,912 36/22 1506 86 70 16 158 68 81 90 71 24 11

Appendix D First‐Tier Liberal Arts Colleges and Top Master’s Universities

The following lists include the institutions used to compile the final table in the report. These institutions all appear among the 115 close institutional matches, and also appear on the top of the US News institutional rankings.

First‐tier liberal arts colleges Bard College Denison University Occidental College Barnard College DePauw University Skidmore College Bates College Dickinson College St Lawrence University Bowdoin College Franklin & Marshall College St. Olaf College Bryn Mawr College Furman University Trinity College Carleton College Gettysburg College Union College Colby College Vassar College Colgate University Lafayette College Washington & Lee University College of the Holy Cross Macalester College Wellesley College Colorado College Middlebury College Wheaton College Mount Holyoke College Whitman College Davidson College Oberlin College Williams College

Top master’s universities Bentley University Stetson University Bradley University Loyola College in Maryland Trinity University Butler University Loyola Marymount U. University of Portland Chapman University Providence College University of Scranton Elon University Quinnipiac University Valparaiso University Fairfield University Rollins College Villanova University Ithaca College Santa Clara University Whitworth University

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