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Callosciurus Erythraeus (PALLAS, 1779), EN ARGENTINA Mastozoología Neotropical, Vol

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Callosciurus Erythraeus (PALLAS, 1779), EN ARGENTINA Mastozoología Neotropical, Vol Mastozoología Neotropical ISSN: 0327-9383 [email protected] Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Argentina Cassini, Guillermo H.; Guichón, M. Laura VARIACIONES MORFOLÓGICAS Y DIAGNOSIS DE LA ARDILLA DE VIENTRE ROJO, Callosciurus erythraeus (PALLAS, 1779), EN ARGENTINA Mastozoología Neotropical, vol. 16, núm. 1, enero-junio, 2009, pp. 39-47 Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Tucumán, Argentina Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45712055004 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Mastozoología Neotropical, 16(1):39-47, Mendoza, 2009 ISSN 0327-9383 ©SAREM, 2009 Versión on-line ISSN 1666-0536 http://www.sarem.org.ar VARIACIONES MORFOLÓGICAS Y DIAGNOSIS DE LA ARDILLA DE VIENTRE ROJO, Callosciurus erythraeus (PALLAS, 1779), EN ARGENTINA Guillermo H. Cassini y M. Laura Guichón Ecología de Mamíferos Introducidos, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Rutas 5 y 7, 6700 Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina [Correspondencia: <[email protected]>] RESUMEN: La ardilla de vientre rojo (Callosciurus erythraeus) es originaria del sudeste asiático y desde 1973 ha establecido una población silvestre en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. En este trabajo describimos características generales y morfométricas de las ardillas, particularmente variaciones en su coloración (ejemplares con vientre amarillo- cremoso y banda negra del lomo ausente) en seis sitios del partido de Luján. También identificamos caracteres diagnósticos distintivos respecto a las especies nativas de ardilla Sciurus aestuans y S. ignitus: (1) las características del báculo o hueso peniano, (2) el número de septos transbulares y otras características craneanas, y (3) el número de mamas. ABSTRACT: Morphological variations and diagnosis of the Red-Bellied Squirrel, Callosciurus erythraeus (Pallas, 1779), in Argentina. The Red-Bellied Squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus, native to South-East Asia, has established a wild population in the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina) since 1973. In this study we describe general characteristics and morphometry of the squirrels, in particular pelage color variability (individuals with yellow- creamy underparts and no black stripe on their backs) at six sites in the County of Luján. In addition, we established three diagnostic characters to distinguish them from the two native squirrel species Sciurus aestuans and S. ignitus: (1) characteristics of the baculum, (2) number of transbullar septa and other skull features, and (3) number of functional mammae. Palabras clave. Ardillas introducidas. Ardillas nativas. Báculo. Morfología craneana. Coloración de pelaje. Key words. Alien squirrels. Baculum. Cranial morphology. Native squirrels. Pelage colour. INTRODUCCIÓN islas Izuo, Oshima y Tomogashima de Japón (Setoguchi, 1990) y en el sur de Francia La ardilla de vientre rojo (Callosciurus (Jouanin, 1992). En Argentina inicialmente fue erythraeus) es originaria de Asia y su área de citada como Sciurus vulgaris (Recarey, 1990) distribución nativa abarca Burma (hoy pero luego Aprile y Chicco (1999) la identifica- Myanmar), Indochina, el sur de China, Taiwán, ron correctamente como C. erythraeus. En 1970 Tailandia y la península Malaya (Moore y Tate, se importaron de Europa cinco parejas de ardi- 1965; Corbet y Hill, 1992). En Taiwán habita llas con fines ornamentales y fueron mantenidas desde bosques de bambú de las zonas bajas en cautiverio en la localidad bonaerense de hasta los bosques de coníferas que llegan a Jáuregui, partido de Luján, hasta la liberación de 3000 m s.n.m. (Chu y Yie, 1970). Esta espe- 2-5 individuos en los tres años siguientes (Aprile cie fue intencionalmente introducida en las y Chico, 1999; Steverlynk, com. pers.). 40 Mastozoología Neotropical, 16(1):39-47, Mendoza, 2009 GH Cassini y ML Guichón http://www.sarem.org.ar Actualmente, las ardillas se observan con Las ardillas nativas pertenecen a la Tribu frecuencia en la zona y en 2004 ya ocupaban Sciurini, Subtribu Sciurina, Género Sciurus un área de 680 Km2 (Guichón et al., 2005). Linné, 1758. Hay dos especies: la ardilla mi- Recientemente se han identificado nuevos fo- sionera, Sciurus aestuans Linné, 1766, habi- cos de invasión en las provincias de Buenos tante de la selva Paranaense en la provincia Aires y Córdoba, y en la Ciudad Autónoma de de Misiones, y el nuecero, Sciurus ignitus Buenos Aires (Benitez et al., datos sin publicar). (Gray, 1867), que habita en la selva de las Los miembros del género Callosciurus com- Yungas, provincias de Salta y Jujuy (Cabrera prenden un taxón representado por una gran y Yepes, 1940; Cabrera, 1961; Redford y cantidad de especies y subespecies, cuya iden- Eisenberg, 1992). Anteriormente ambas espe- tificación es dificultosa debido a que muchas cies se clasificaban dentro de los géneros se asemejan entre sí y poseen una considera- Guerlinguetus y Leptosciurus respectivamen- ble variación de color (ChaKraborty, 1985). te, principalmente en base a la fórmula No existen registros a la fecha de otras ardi- mamaria (Allen, 1915; Cabrera y Yepes, 1940). llas en simpatría en el área donde se encuentra Aunque Thomas (1921) ya mencionaba que C. erythraeus en Argentina. En este trabajo podría reconocerse que éstos y otros géneros describimos variaciones morfológicas obser- no serían distintos de Sciurus, basándose en vadas en la población de ardillas de vientre caracteres del báculo, dientes y estructura rojo establecida en el partido de Luján. Tras general, no fue sino hasta la década de 1940 una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica y de en que se las agrupa bajo dicho género, man- ejemplares recolectados en la zona y deposi- teniendo Guerlinguetus como subgénero tados en el Museo Argentino de Ciencias (Ellerman, 1940; Cabrera, 1961), a pesar de Naturales «Bernardino Rivadavia» (MACN) y que Moore (1959), en base a caracteres, la Colección Mastozoológica - Facultad de craneanos reconoce a Guerlinguetus como un Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo género diferente de Sciurus. (CML) (véase Apéndice), identificamos ca- La clasificación de las ardillas (Familia racteres diagnósticos que permitan distinguir- Sciuridae) basada en aspectos morfológicos la de las especies nativas Sciurus aestuans y puede realizarse siguiendo tres tipos de carac- S. ignitus, como así también de otras tribus de teres: (1) las características del báculo o hue- la familia. so peniano (Thomas, 1915; Pocock, 1923; Wade y Gilbert, 1940), (2) el número de septos TAXONOMÍA transbulares y otras características craneales (Moore, 1959), y (3) el número de mamas Orden Rodentia Bowdich, 1821 (Allen, 1915; Moore, 1961). Estudios Suborden Sciuromorpha Brandt, 1855 citogenéticos realizados por Fagundes et al. Familia Sciuridae Fischer (2003) para S. aestuans y comparados con de Waldheim, 1817 algunos miembros del género, señalan una Subfamilia Callosciurinae Pocock, 1923 remarcable homogeneidad cromosómica a ni- Tribu Callosciurini Simpson, 1945 vel genérico, con complemento diploide 2n = Subtribu Callosciurina Moore, 1959 40. Los estudios en filogenia molecular reali- Género Callosciurus Gray, 1867 zados por Mercer y Roth (2003) sugieren al- Especie C. erythraeus (Pallas, 1779) gunos cambios en las relaciones filogenéticas establecidas en la taxonomía convencional al Hasta el momento, las ardillas introducidas que nivel de tribu y subfamilia. Además, se esta- han establecido poblaciones silvestres en Ar- blece que la tribu Sciurini sería parafilética gentina pertenecen al Género Callosciurus. (Herron et al., 2004) mientras que la tribu Este género cuenta con 15 especies reconoci- Callosciurini sería un grupo monofilético das y cerca de 44 subespecies descriptas para (Steppan et al., 2004). Sin embargo, para los C. erythraeus (Corbet y Hill, 1992). propósitos de esta contribución bastará con MORFOLOGIA DE Callosciurus EN ARGENTINA 41 analizar los aspectos morfológicos mencio- pequeña espátula (Thomas, 1915; Didier, nados. 1952). En S. aestuans, el báculo está compri- mido, con el contorno externo ligeramente DIAGNOSIS convexo, y el borde dorsal saliente, irregular y en forma de «S» (Fig. 1b). El extremo distal Báculo: Callosciurus erythraeus, al igual espatulado es parecido al de S. vulgaris pero que los restantes miembros de la tribu más pequeño y redondeado (Didier, 1952). En Callosciurini, se caracteriza por la morfología S. ignitus, el báculo es más bien recto, con de su hueso peniano (= báculo; Fig. 1a). El una pequeña cresta dorsal al medio; el extre- báculo consta de dos partes: un cuerpo en for- mo distal espatulado, si bien más pequeño que ma de flecha de largo variable y una lámina en S. vulgaris, es más alto que largo, de con- accesoria adherida sobre la superficie dorsal torno torcido terminando en una punta redon- que termina en un borde filoso no dentado, deada dorsal y en un nodo ventral (Didier, levemente movible (Thomas, 1915; Corbet y 1955; Fig. 1c). Hill, 1992). El báculo de C. erythraeus, al Cráneo: en Callosciurus, el escamoso se igual que en C. finlansonii, C. prevostii y C. extiende dorsalmente superando la mitad de la notatus, es largo, levemente curvado con la distancia entre el margen posteroventral de la lámina ubicada dorsalmente en medio de la órbita y la base del proceso post-orbital del concavidad (ChaKraborty, 1985);
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