Os Nomes Galegos Dos Roedores E Lagomorfos 2021 Citación Recomendada / Recomm Ended Citation

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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Roedores E Lagomorfos 2021 Citación Recomendada / Recomm Ended Citation Os nomes galegos dos roedores e lagomorfos 2021 Citación recomendada / Recomm ended citation: A Chave (2021): Os nomes galegos dos roedores e lagomorfos. X in z o d e L im ia (O u re n s e ): A Chave. http://ww w .achave.gal/wp-content/uploads/achave_osnom esgalegosdos_roedores_e_lagom orfos.pdf Fotografía: esquío cincento (Sciurus carolinensis ). A u t o r : Piero Perrone. Esta obra está suxeita a unha licenza Creative Com m ons de uso aberto, con recoñecem ento da autoría e sen obra derivada nin usos com erciais. Resum o da licenza: https://creativecom m ons.org/licences/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.gl. Licenza com pleta: https://creativecom m ons.org/licences/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode#languages. 1 Notas introdutorias O que contén este documento Neste documento fornécense denom inacións galegas para os diversos mam íferos roedores e lagom orfos, in c lu ín d o t a n t o a s especies galegas e europeas com o as especies exóticas (destas, as m áis coñecidas popularm ente ou as máis representativas das diferentes fam ilias). En total, achéganse nom es para 822 especies e 3 subespecies de roedores e lagom orfos de todo o planeta. Ademais das anteditas, inclúese o nome dunha especie prehistórica: o castor de Kellog (Castor californianus). A estrutura En primeiro lugar preséntase unha clasificación taxonóm ica q u e c o n s id e r a a s o r d e s , fa m ilia s e s u b fa m ilia s dos ro e d o re s e lag o m o rfo s, onde se apunta, d e m a n e ir a x e r a l, o s n o m e s d e s t e s m a m ífe r o s que hai en cada fa m ilia o u su b fa m ilia. A seguir vén o corpo do docum ento, unha listaxe onde se indica, especie por especie, alén do nom e científico, os nom es galegos e ingleses dos roedores e lagom orfos. Nesta listaxe específica, destácanse con fondo azul claro as especies galegas. Ao final inclúese unha lista de re fe re n cias bibliog rá fica s q u e fo r o n u t iliz a d a s p a r a a e la b o r a c ió n d e s t e docum ento. Nalgunhas desas referencias recóllense ou propóñense nom es galegos para roedores ou lagom orfos, quer xenéricos quer específicos. O utras referencias achegan nom es para estes m am íferos noutras linguas, que tam én foron tidos en conta. Alén diso, inclúense algunhas referencias sobre mastozooloxía e, por outro lado, algunhas referencias básicas a respecto da metodoloxía e dos criterios term inolóxicos em pregados. 2 Tratam ento terminolóxico En primeiro lugar, procurouse no léxico vernáculo galego. Tem os en galego diversos nom es para os roedores e lagom orfos, recollidos xa na tradición lexicográfica desde o século XVIII. Algúns son nom es xenéricos, com o cortas (para as especies do xénero Microtus), le ir ó n s (para varias especies de roedores), ra ta s, ra to s, lir ia s e lir io s (s in ó n im o s d e le ir ó n , con m atices sobre o tam año), o u le b r e s (a ín d a q u e le b r e sen m áis m odificadores designou a especie galega m áis com ún, Lepus granatensis). E algúns son nom es específicos, com o lu r ia ou le ir ó n d e a u g a para Arvicola sapidus, esquío para Sciurus vulgaris, o u coello bravo para Oryctolagus cuniculus. Procurouse de igual modo no galego de Asturias, con bastante paralelism o canto ás anteditas denom inacións, mesm o no uso de corta para as especies do xénero Microtus. En publicacións e medios divulgativos galegos téñense achegado denom inacións para algúns roedores dos máis coñecidos, como porco espiño, esquío voador, xerbo, hám ster, marmota, cobaia ou chinchilla, ta m é n re co llida s na lgú n s dicion a rios. Para alén diso, en publicacións zoolóxicas galegas téñense proposto nom es específicos form ados a partir das denom inacións vernáculas xenéricas, com o ra to do ca m p o para Apodemus sylvaticus , ra to da fra g a para Apodemus flavicollis , ra to ca se iro para Mus musculus , ra to m o u ro para Mus spretus , corta rubia para Clethrionomys glareolus , le ir ó n c in c e n t o e le ir ó n r iló n para Glis glis, ra ta cince n ta para Rattus rattus, le b r e ib é r ic a para Lepus granatensis etc. Os devanditos e outros con estas procedencias inclúense tam én neste re cu rso léxico . Outra fonte importante foi a lu s o f o n ía , seguíndom os o criterio recollido nas Normas ortográficas e morfolóxicas do idioma galego (R A G e ILG ) do ano 2 0 0 4 : “P ara o arrequecem ento do léxico culto, nom eadam ente no re fe rido ao s ám b ito s cien tífico e té cn ico , o portugués será considerado recurso fu n d a m e n ta l, sem pre que esta adopción non for contraria ás características estruturais do galego”. Deste xeito adaptáronse e ( ou ) in c o r p o r á r o n s e b a s t a n t e s d e n o m in a c ió n s d e r o e d o r e s e la g o m o r fo s q u e non están presentes na nosa xeografía. Algunhas desas denom inacións son xenéricas, perm iten despois form ar o nom e de diferentes especies que pertencen ao m esm o grupo faunístico, com o viscacha, para os roedores dos xéneros Lagostom us e Lagidium ; xeom is, para os da fam ilia Geomyidae ; ra to bochechudo para as especies do xénero Perognathus (pocket mouse en inglés, facendo referencia ás dilatacións faciais) ; can das pradarías p a r a o s p o p u la r e s r o e d o r e s n o r t e a m e r ic a n o s d o x é n e r o Cynomysus ; lé m in g u e para as especies do xénero Perognathus (coa term inación -gue, que harm oniza máis co consonantismo galego que a terminación -ing adoptada noutros idiomas) ; pika para os la g o m o r f o s d a f a m ilia Ochotonidae (nom e orixinario do evenki –unha lingua suram ericana–, que foi usado para o antigo xénero científico destes animais e igualmente usado en moitos idiom as para nom ear estas especies) ; etc. Outras denom inacións procedentes da lusofonía son ben específicas : le b r e d a s s a b a n a s para a lebre africana Lepus victoriae ; coello do chaparral p a r a o c o e llo n o r t e a m e r ic a n o Sylvilagus bachm ani ; castor das m ontañas p a r a Aplodonta rufa ; ra ta do ca ca o p a r a Callistomys pictus ; ra to ca n to r de Alston p a r a Scotinomys teguina ; le ir ó n c a s t a ñ o p a r a Muscardinus avellanarius etc. 3 Para algunhas especies africanas, tivéronse tam én presentes nom es procedentes do portugués da Guinea Bisau, Angola e Mozambique. Por un lado, da Guinea Bisau, un dos nom es máis peculiares que se ten incorporado ao portugués é o de fa rfa n a para Thryonom ys swinderianus, que recollem os para o galego para as especies deste xénero. Por outro lado, do portugués de Angola tó m a se o no m e cuio para o particular roedor Pedetes capensis, ra ta s do s pa n ta n o s para as especies do xénero Otomys, ra ta de orellas grandes especificam ente para Malacomys longipes, porco espiño austral para Hystrix africaeaustralis, ra to de C a m p a n g o m b e para Myomyscus angolensis, ra to s de estrías para as especies do xénero Lem niscom ys, ra tiño s da s ro ch a s para as especies do xénero Petrom yschus, ra to s go rd u ch o s para as do xénero Steatomys (nom e igualm ente usado no portugués de Mozambique) etc. E así mesm o do portugués de Mozambique, nom es com o ra to s multimamilados para as especies do xénero Mastomys, ra to pigm e o para Mus minutoides etc. Un outro recurso foi recorrer aos nom es científicos, en latín, de modo paralelo ás denom inacións desas especies noutras linguas. Con esta orixe, nom es com o ta m ia para as especies dos xéneros Tam ias, Eutam ias e Neotamias (usado igualm ente en portugués para estas especies, e tam én en francés e en castelán), ou algúns modificadores tom ados do nom e latino, com o corta m ongol para Alexandromys mongolicus (= Microtus mongolicus), corta fusca para Neodon fuscus (= Microtus fuscus), esquío voador albinegro para Hylopetes alboniger etc. Por outro lado, para algúns roedores exóticos recorreuse a nom es vernáculos locais, e , d a m e s m a maneira que fixeron outras linguas que posúen denominación para estas especies, incorporáronse nom es com o mara para os roedores suram ericanos do xénero Dolichotis, que procede do mapudungun, ou lingua mapuche ; noki para Petrom us typicus , procedente do nam a, de N am ibia; votsovotsa, procedente do malgaxe occidental, para o senlleiro Hypogeomys antimena etc.
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