DOCSLIB.ORG

S13071-021-04647-Z.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
S13071-021-04647-Z.Pdf Abad‑Franch et al. Parasites Vectors (2021) 14:195 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071‑021‑04647‑z Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Under pressure: phenotypic divergence and convergence associated with microhabitat adaptations in Triatominae Fernando Abad‑Franch1,2* , Fernando A. Monteiro3,4*, Márcio G. Pavan5, James S. Patterson2, M. Dolores Bargues6, M. Ángeles Zuriaga6, Marcelo Aguilar7,8, Charles B. Beard4, Santiago Mas‑Coma6 and Michael A. Miles2 Abstract Background: Triatomine bugs, the vectors of Chagas disease, associate with vertebrate hosts in highly diverse ecotopes. It has been proposed that occupation of new microhabitats may trigger selection for distinct phenotypic variants in these blood‑sucking bugs. Although understanding phenotypic variation is key to the study of adaptive evolution and central to phenotype‑based taxonomy, the drivers of phenotypic change and diversity in triatomines remain poorly understood. Methods/results: We combined a detailed phenotypic appraisal (including morphology and morphometrics) with mitochondrial cytb and nuclear ITS2 DNA sequence analyses to study Rhodnius ecuadoriensis populations from across the species’ range. We found three major, naked‑eye phenotypic variants. Southern‑Andean bugs primarily from vertebrate‑nest microhabitats (Ecuador/Peru) are typical, light‑colored, small bugs with short heads/wings. Northern‑ Andean bugs from wet‑forest palms (Ecuador) are dark, large bugs with long heads/wings. Finally, northern‑lowland bugs primarily from dry‑forest palms (Ecuador) are light‑colored and medium‑sized. Wing and (size‑free) head shapes are similar across Ecuadorian populations, regardless of habitat or phenotype, but distinct in Peruvian bugs. Bayesian phylogenetic and multispecies‑coalescent DNA sequence analyses strongly suggest that Ecuadorian and Peruvian populations are two independently evolving lineages, with little within‑lineage phylogeographic structuring or diferentiation. Conclusions: We report sharp naked‑eye phenotypic divergence of genetically similar Ecuadorian R. ecuadoriensis (nest‑dwelling southern‑Andean vs palm‑dwelling northern bugs; and palm‑dwelling Andean vs lowland), and sharp naked‑eye phenotypic similarity of typical, yet genetically distinct, southern‑Andean bugs primarily from vertebrate‑ nest (but not palm) microhabitats. This remarkable phenotypic diversity within a single nominal species likely stems from microhabitat adaptations possibly involving predator‑driven selection (yielding substrate‑matching camoufage coloration) and a shift from palm‑crown to vertebrate‑nest microhabitats (yielding smaller bodies and shorter and stouter heads). These fndings shed new light on the origins of phenotypic diversity in triatomines, warn against *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil 3 Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz‑Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http:// creat iveco mmons. org/ licen ses/ by/4. 0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creat iveco mmons. org/ publi cdoma in/ zero/1. 0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Abad‑Franch et al. Parasites Vectors (2021) 14:195 Page 2 of 21 excess reliance on phenotype‑based triatomine‑bug taxonomy, and confrm the Triatominae as an informative model system for the study of phenotypic change under ecological pressure. Keywords: Triatominae, Rhodnius, Chagas disease, Systematics, Morphometrics, Genetics Introduction ecuadoriensis populations spanning most of the geo- Triatomine bugs transmit Trypanosoma cruzi among the graphic/ecological range of the species (Fig. 1). Rho- mammalian hosts they associate with in shared micro- dnius ecuadoriensis is a major vector of T. cruzi in habitats [1, 2]. Bugs that occur in human-made habitats western Ecuador and northwestern Peru [24–26]. In may transmit the parasite to people, fueling the spread of Ecuador, northern wild populations are primarily asso- Chagas disease [1, 3]. It has been proposed that occupa- ciated with the endemic Phytelephas aequatorialis palm tion of new microhabitats may trigger selection for dis- in both Andean wet forests and lowland dry forests; in tinct phenotypic variants in these blood-sucking bugs [4]. the dry inter-Andean valleys of southwestern Ecuador, Over the last few decades, molecular studies have iden- where native palms are rare or absent, wild R. ecuado- tifed examples of phenotypic convergence or divergence riensis seem to primarily associate with arboreal squir- at several systematic levels [5–9]. Perhaps most remark- rel nests [1, 2, 27–33]. Te natural habitats of Peruvian ably, molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that none populations remain unclear, with a few records suggest- of the three genera to which the main Chagas disease ing association with vertebrate nests/refuges in hollow vectors belong (Triatoma, Panstrongylus and Rhodnius), trees and perhaps cacti [2, 26, 27, 34]. In addition, some which are all defned after morphological characters [1], R. ecuadoriensis populations have adapted to live in is monophyletic [8–14]. A few named species have been and around houses in coastal Ecuador and, especially, shown to be phenotypic variants of another species [8]; in the dry valleys of southwestern Ecuador and north- for example, Triatoma melanosoma is now regarded western Peru—where the bugs contribute to endemic as a T. infestans chromatic variant [15, 16]. Conversely, Chagas disease [24–26, 35–39]. In coastal and in south- some named species have been shown to include several western Ecuador, bugs from wild and human-made cryptic taxa [8]; for example, Rhodnius robustus (s.l.) is habitats have overlapping phenotypes [40] and identi- composed of at least fve distinct lineages, two of which cal or nearly identical mitochondrial cytb haplotypes have been formally described as R. montenegrensis and R. [41]; this, together with frequent, rapid reinfestation marabaensis [8, 17–21]. Further examples of phenotype/ of insecticide-treated dwellings [36, 42] and prelimi- genotype mismatch are reviewed in [8]. nary microsatellite data [41, 43], indicates that wild and Te sometimes striking variation of triatomine-bug non-wild R. ecuadoriensis populations are locally highly phenotypes has been attributed to a propensity of mor- interconnected. Our comparative phenotypic and phological characters to change in response to chang- genetic analyses cover most of the known geographic ing habitat features [2, 4, 22]. Tus, within-species and ecological diversity in R. ecuadoriensis; they reveal divergence may be driven by habitat shifts (e.g., wild that phenotypic divergence and convergence can both to domestic) involving subsets of genetically homoge- occur within a single nominal triatomine-bug species, neous populations [4], and the use of similar habitats and suggest that microhabitat adaptations likely play a by genetically distinct populations may result in con- crucial role in this phenomenon. vergence or in the retention of ancestral phenotypes [2, 4, 23]. When using morphological characters only, Methods therefore, taxonomists are in peril of describing spu- Origins of bugs and qualitative phenotype assessment rious species or overlooking cryptic taxa [8]. Despite We compared R. ecuadoriensis type specimens from La the practical importance of accurate taxonomic judg- Toma, Catamayo, Loja Province, Ecuador (Laboratório ment when the organisms of interest transmit a Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia life-threatening parasite, the degree, direction and de Triatomíneos [LNIRTT], Fiocruz, Brazil; [44]) and underlying causes of phenotypic change and diversity canonical descriptions of the species [1, 45] with feld- in triatomines remain obscure. collected Ecuadorian bugs, including (i) northern bugs In this paper, we combine a detailed pheno- from Ph. aequatorialis palms of Santo Domingo de los typic characterization, qualitative and quantitative, Tsáchilas Province (Andean wet forests; “Tsáchilas” here- with mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cytb) and after) and Manabí Province (lowland dry forests), and (ii) nuclear ribosomal second internal transcribed spacer primarily nest-dwelling southern-Andean bugs caught in/ (ITS2) DNA sequence analyses to study Rhodnius around houses in El Oro (Puyango river basin) and Loja Abad‑Franch et al. Parasites Vectors (2021) 14:195 Page 3 of 21 Fig. 1 Sampling of Rhodnius ecuadoriensis populations. The map shows the approximate
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Limitations of Selective Deltamethrin Application for Triatomine Control In
    Grijalva et al. Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:20 http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/4/1/20 RESEARCH Open Access Limitations of selective deltamethrin application for triatomine control in central coastal Ecuador Mario J Grijalva1,2*, Anita G Villacís2, Sofía Ocaña-Mayorga2, César A Yumiseva2, Esteban G Baus2 Abstract Background: This year-long study evaluated the effectiveness of a strategy involving selective deltamethrin spraying and community education for control of Chagas disease vectors in domestic units located in rural communities of coastal Ecuador. Results: Surveys for triatomines revealed peridomestic infestation with Rhodnius ecuadoriensis and Panstrongylus howardi, with infestation indices remaining high during the study (13%, 17%, and 10%, at initial, 6-month, and 12-month visits, respectively), which indicates a limitation of this strategy for triatomine population control. Infestation was found 6 and 12 months after spraying with deltamethrin. In addition, a large number of previously vector-free domestic units also were found infested at the 6- and 12-month surveys, which indicates new infestations by sylvatic triatomines. The predominance of young nymphs and adults suggests new infestation events, likely from sylvatic foci. In addition, infection with Trypanosoma cruzi was found in 65%, 21% and 29% at initial, 6-month and 12-month visits, respectively. All parasites isolated (n = 20) were identified as TcI. Conclusion: New vector control strategies need to be devised and evaluated for reduction of T. cruzi transmission in this region. Background colonization by this species in the domestic and perido- Chagas disease in Ecuador affects approximately 230,000 mestic habitats. However, R. ecuadoriensis also is fre- people, and 6.2 million people are at risk of infection by quently found in domestic and peridomestic habitats in El Trypanosoma cruzi, its causative agent [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Vectors of Chagas Disease, and Implications for Human Health1
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Denisia Jahr/Year: 2006 Band/Volume: 0019 Autor(en)/Author(s): Jurberg Jose, Galvao Cleber Artikel/Article: Biology, ecology, and systematics of Triatominae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae), vectors of Chagas disease, and implications for human health 1095-1116 © Biologiezentrum Linz/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Biology, ecology, and systematics of Triatominae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae), vectors of Chagas disease, and implications for human health1 J. JURBERG & C. GALVÃO Abstract: The members of the subfamily Triatominae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae) are vectors of Try- panosoma cruzi (CHAGAS 1909), the causative agent of Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis. As important vectors, triatomine bugs have attracted ongoing attention, and, thus, various aspects of their systematics, biology, ecology, biogeography, and evolution have been studied for decades. In the present paper the authors summarize the current knowledge on the biology, ecology, and systematics of these vectors and discuss the implications for human health. Key words: Chagas disease, Hemiptera, Triatominae, Trypanosoma cruzi, vectors. Historical background (DARWIN 1871; LENT & WYGODZINSKY 1979). The first triatomine bug species was de- scribed scientifically by Carl DE GEER American trypanosomiasis or Chagas (1773), (Fig. 1), but according to LENT & disease was discovered in 1909 under curi- WYGODZINSKY (1979), the first report on as- ous circumstances. In 1907, the Brazilian pects and habits dated back to 1590, by physician Carlos Ribeiro Justiniano das Reginaldo de Lizárraga. While travelling to Chagas (1879-1934) was sent by Oswaldo inspect convents in Peru and Chile, this Cruz to Lassance, a small village in the state priest noticed the presence of large of Minas Gerais, Brazil, to conduct an anti- hematophagous insects that attacked at malaria campaign in the region where a rail- night.
    [Show full text]
  • Southeast Brazil: Atlantic Rainforest and Savanna, Oct-Nov 2016
    Tropical Birding Trip Report Southeast Brazil: Atlantic Rainforest and Savanna, Oct-Nov 2016 SOUTHEAST BRAZIL: Atlantic Rainforest and Savanna October 20th – November 8th, 2016 TOUR LEADER: Nick Athanas Report and photos by Nick Athanas Helmeted Woodpecker - one of our most memorable sightings of the tour It had been a couple of years since I last guided this tour, and I had forgotten how much fun it could be. We covered a lot of ground and visited a great series of parks, lodges, and reserves, racking up a respectable group list of 459 bird species seen as well as some nice mammals. There was a lot of rain in the area, but we had to consider ourselves fortunate that the rainiest days seemed to coincide with our long travel days, so it really didn’t cost us too much in the way of birds. My personal trip favorite sighting was our amazing and prolonged encounter with a rare Helmeted Woodpecker! Others of note included extreme close-ups of Spot-winged Wood-Quail, a surprise Sungrebe, multiple White-necked Hawks, Long-trained Nightjar, 31 species of antbirds, scope views of Variegated Antpitta, a point-blank Spotted Bamboowren, tons of colorful hummers and tanagers, TWO Maned Wolves at the same time, and Giant Anteater. This report is a bit light on text and a bit heavy of photos, mainly due to my insane schedule lately where I have hardly had any time at home, but all photos are from the tour. www.tropicalbirding.com +1-409-515-9110 [email protected] Tropical Birding Trip Report Southeast Brazil: Atlantic Rainforest and Savanna, Oct-Nov 2016 The trip started in the city of Curitiba.
    [Show full text]
  • Triatoma Melanica? Rita De Cássia Moreira De Souza1*†, Gabriel H Campolina-Silva1†, Claudia Mendonça Bezerra2, Liléia Diotaiuti1 and David E Gorla3
    Souza et al. Parasites & Vectors (2015) 8:361 DOI 10.1186/s13071-015-0973-4 RESEARCH Open Access Does Triatoma brasiliensis occupy the same environmental niche space as Triatoma melanica? Rita de Cássia Moreira de Souza1*†, Gabriel H Campolina-Silva1†, Claudia Mendonça Bezerra2, Liléia Diotaiuti1 and David E Gorla3 Abstract Background: Triatomines (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, one of the most important vector-borne diseases in Latin America. This study compares the environmental niche spaces of Triatoma brasiliensis and Triatoma melanica using ecological niche modelling and reports findings on DNA barcoding and wing geometric morphometrics as tools for the identification of these species. Methods: We compared the geographic distribution of the species using generalized linear models fitted to elevation and current data on land surface temperature, vegetation cover and rainfall recorded by earth observation satellites for northeastern Brazil. Additionally, we evaluated nucleotide sequence data from the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1) and wing geometric morphometrics as taxonomic identification tools for T. brasiliensis and T. melanica. Results: The ecological niche models show that the environmental spaces currently occupied by T. brasiliensis and T. melanica are similar although not equivalent, and associated with the caatinga ecosystem. The CO1 sequence analyses based on pair wise genetic distance matrix calculated using Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) evolutionary model, clearly separate the two species, supporting the barcoding gap. Wing size and shape analyses based on seven landmarks of 72 field specimens confirmed consistent differences between T. brasiliensis and T. melanica. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the separation of the two species should be attributed to a factor that does not include the current environmental conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy, Evolution, and Biogeography of the Rhodniini Tribe (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
    diversity Review Taxonomy, Evolution, and Biogeography of the Rhodniini Tribe (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Carolina Hernández 1 , João Aristeu da Rosa 2, Gustavo A. Vallejo 3 , Felipe Guhl 4 and Juan David Ramírez 1,* 1 Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111211, Colombia; [email protected] 2 Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 01000, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical (LIPT), Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué 730001, Colombia; [email protected] 4 Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 27 January 2020; Accepted: 4 March 2020; Published: 11 March 2020 Abstract: The Triatominae subfamily includes 151 extant and three fossil species. Several species can transmit the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, significantly impacting public health in Latin American countries. The Triatominae can be classified into five tribes, of which the Rhodniini is very important because of its large vector capacity and wide geographical distribution. The Rhodniini tribe comprises 23 (without R. taquarussuensis) species and although several studies have addressed their taxonomy using morphological, morphometric, cytogenetic, and molecular techniques, their evolutionary relationships remain unclear, resulting in inconsistencies at the classification level. Conflicting hypotheses have been proposed regarding the origin, diversification, and identification of these species in Latin America, muddying our understanding of their dispersion and current geographic distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Niche Modelling and Differentiation Between Rhodnius Neglectus Lent, 1954 and Rhodnius Nasutus Stål, 1859 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) in Brazil
    Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 104(8): 1165-1170, December 2009 1165 Ecological niche modelling and differentiation between Rhodnius neglectus Lent, 1954 and Rhodnius nasutus Stål, 1859 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) in Brazil Taíza Almeida Batista1, Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves2/+ 1Laboratório de Zoologia, Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil 2Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Área de Patologia, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília 70.910-900, DF, Brasil Ecological niche modelling was used to predict the potential geographical distribution of Rhodnius nasutus Stål and Rhodnius neglectus Lent, in Brazil and to investigate the niche divergence between these morphologi- cally similar triatomine species. The distribution of R. neglectus covered mainly the cerrado of Central Brazil, but the prediction maps also revealed its occurrence in transitional areas within the caatinga, Pantanal and Amazon biomes. The potential distribution of R. nasutus covered the Northeastern Region of Brazil in the semi-arid caat- inga and the Maranhão babaçu forests. Clear ecological niche differences between these species were observed. R. nasutus occurred more in warmer and drier areas than R. neglectus. In the principal component analysis PC1 was correlated with altitude and temperature (mainly temperature in the coldest and driest months) and PC2 with vegetation index and precipitation. The prediction maps support potential areas of co-occurrence for these species in the Maranhão babaçu forests and in caatinga/cerrado transitional areas, mainly in state of Piaui. Entomologists engaged in Chagas disease vector surveillance should be aware that R. neglectus and R. nasutus can occur in the same localities of Northeastern Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ESPÍRITO SANTO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E NATURAIS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Influência da preferência alimentar e de hábitat na distribuição geográfica de barbeiros silvestres da tribo Rhodniini (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) Matheus do Nascimento Dalbem Vitória - ES Fevereiro, 2020 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ESPÍRITO SANTO CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E NATURAIS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Influência da preferência alimentar e de hábitat na distribuição geográfica de barbeiros silvestres da tribo Rhodniini (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) Matheus do Nascimento Dalbem Orientador: Dr. Gustavo Rocha Leite Dissertação submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Animal) da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Biologia Animal. Vitória - ES Fevereiro, 2020 AGRADECIMENTOS Gostaria de agradecer à Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, por esses 8 anos juntos. Pela oportunidade de formação no bacharelado, licenciatura e no mestrado. Pela gratuidade, pela excelência e por permitir vivenciar e conhecer diferentes culturas e realidades ao longo desses anos. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal e seus docentes, por me formarem mestre e acima de tudo profissional capacitado para atuar na área mais nobre da Ciência, segundo minha opinião... À agência de fomento CAPES, pela concessão da bolsa durante todo o curso. Sem ela, não teria condições de fazer um mestrado. Sempre valorizei e trabalhei para honrar esse dinheiro vindo de pessoas que, infelizmente, não tiveram a oportunidade de estudar que eu tenho! Um imenso agradecimento ao meu orientador, professor doutor Gustavo Rocha Leite. Um excelente pesquisador e um orientador ainda melhor.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding and Defecation Patterns of Rhodnius Nasutus (Hemiptera; Reduviidae), a Triatomine Native to an Area Endemic for Chagas Disease in the State of Ceará, Brazil
    Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 81(4), 2009, pp. 651–655 doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2009.08-0590 Copyright © 2009 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Feeding and Defecation Patterns of Rhodnius nasutus (Hemiptera; Reduviidae), A Triatomine Native to an Area Endemic for Chagas Disease in the State of Ceará, Brazil Tiago G. Oliveira , Filipe A. Carvalho-Costa , Otília Sarquis , and Marli M. Lima * Laboratório de Eco-Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Laboratório de Sistemática Bioquímica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Abstract. The importance of Rhodnius nasutus in the transmission of Chagas disease in northeastern Brazil was inves- tigated regarding feeding and defecation patterns of this triatomine under laboratory conditions. An average of 30 sam- ples were studied for each instar, from fourth-instar nymphs onward. On average, 86.4% started feeding after less than 10 minutes. In terms of the duration of feeding, 53.3% of fourth instar nymphs, 81.9% of fifth-instar nymphs, 21.9% of males, and 36.7% of females fed for more than 15 minutes. In all groups, there were insects that defecated and urinated during feeding; adult males defecated the most and fourth instar nymphs defecated the least. The results demonstrate that R. nasutus may be considered an efficient T. cruzi vector because it avidly searches for a food source, has a lengthy feeding time with low probability of interruption during feeding, and achieves a high percentage of engorgement. INTRODUCTION Jaguaruana, Ceará, R. nasutus infected with T. cruzi were col- lected in intradomiciliar and peridomiciliar environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Entomology in Focus
    Entomology in Focus Volume 5 Series editor Simon L. Elliot, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil Insects are fundamentally important in the ecology of terrestrial habitats. What is more, they affect diverse human activities, notably agriculture, as well as human health and wellbeing. Meanwhile, much of modern biology has been developed using insects as subjects of study. To refect this, our aim with Entomology in Focus is to offer a range of titles that either capture different aspects of the diverse biology of insects or their management, or that offer updates and reviews of particular species or taxonomic groups that are important for agriculture, the environment or public health. The series results from an agreement between Springer and the Entomological Society of Brazil (SEB) and as such may lean towards tropical entomology. The aim throughout is to provide reference texts that are simple in their conception and organization but that offer up-to-date syntheses of the respective areas, offer suggestions of future directions for research (and for management where relevant) and that don’t shy away from offering considered opinions. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10465 Alessandra Guarneri • Marcelo Lorenzo Editors Triatominae - The Biology of Chagas Disease Vectors Editors Alessandra Guarneri Marcelo Lorenzo Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil ISSN 2405-853X ISSN 2405-8548 (electronic) Entomology in Focus ISBN 978-3-030-64547-2 ISBN 978-3-030-64548-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64548-9 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae
    da Rosa et al. Parasites & Vectors 2014, 7:17 http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/7/1/17 RESEARCH Open Access Study of the external female genitalia of 14 Rhodnius species (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) using scanning electron microscopy João Aristeu da Rosa1*, Vagner José Mendonça1†, Sueli Gardim1†, Danila Blanco de Carvalho1†, Jader de Oliveira1†, Juliana Damieli Nascimento2†, Heloisa Pinotti3†, Mara Cristina Pinto1†, Mario Cilense4†, Cleber Galvão5† and José Maria Soares Barata6† Abstract Background: Among the vectors of Chagas disease (Hemiptera: Reduviidae:Triatominae), there are eighteen Rhodnius species described and some are difficult to identify. The aim of this article is to contribute to the specific identification of fourteen Rhodnius spp. through morphological characters of the external female genitalia. Methods: Female abdomens were cut transversely. The specimens were then prepared for examination by using scanning electron microscopy. Results: The careful examination of the dorsal, posterior and ventral sides revealed characteristics that allowed the identification of each of the fourteen species. Conclusion: The use of external female genitalia as characteristics are proposed as a tool for specifically identifying Rhodnius species, and an identification key for these species is presented. Keywords: Triatominae, Rhodnius, External female genitalia, Scanning electron microscopy Background and R. milesi [11]. The seventeenth and eighteenth spe- The Triatominae subfamily is a fundamental link in the cies described for this genus were R. zeledoni [12] and R. epidemiological chain of the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, montenegrensis [13]. which is a registered parasite for 24 families and 150 mam- Based on the literature, identifying such vectors still re- malian species as well as humans [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Alpinia Essential Oils and Their Major Components Against Rhodnius Nasutus, a Vector of Chagas Disease
    Hindawi e Scientific World Journal Volume 2018, Article ID 2393858, 6 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2393858 Research Article Alpinia Essential Oils and Their Major Components against Rhodnius nasutus, a Vector of Chagas Disease Thamiris de A. de Souza,1,2 Marcio B. P. Lopes,3 AlinedeS.Ramos ,2 José Luiz P. Ferreira,1,2 Jefferson Rocha de A. Silva ,4 Margareth M. C. Queiroz,3 Kátia G. de Lima Araújo,1 and Ana Claudia F. Amaral 2 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Fluminense University, Rua Doutor MarioViana523,SantaRosa,Niter´ oi,´ RJ, Brazil 2Laboratory of Medicinal Plants and Derivatives, Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, Farmanguinhos, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 3LaboratoryofMedicalandForensicEntomology,IOC,FIOCRUZ,Av.Brasil4365,RiodeJaneiro,RJ,Brazil 4Chromatography Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Ana Claudia F. Amaral; aamaral [email protected] Received 20 November 2017; Accepted 22 January 2018; Published 15 February 2018 Academic Editor: Dun Xian Tan Copyright © 2018 Tamiris de A. de Souza et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Species of the genus Alpinia are widely used by the population and have many described biological activities, including activity against insects. In this paper, we describe the bioactivity of the essential oil of two species of Alpinia genus, A. zerumbet and A. vittata, against Rhodnius nasutus, a vector of Chagas disease. Te essential oils of these two species were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS.
    [Show full text]
  • Zoo Ecology of a Primate Species: Squirrel Monkey
    ZOO ECOLOGY OF A PRIMATE SPECIES: SQUIRREL MONKEY ( SAIMIRI SP.) Except where reference is made to the work of others, the work described in this dissertation is my own or was done in collaboration with my advisory committee. This dissertation does not include proprietary or classified information. ___________________________________ Heather S. Zimbler-DeLorenzo Certificate of Approval: _____________________________ _____________________________ Troy L. Best F. Stephen Dobson, Chair Alumni Professor Professor Biological Sciences Biological Sciences _____________________________ _____________________________ Robert S. Lishak George T. Flowers Associate Professor Dean Biological Sciences Graduate School ZOO ECOLOGY OF A PRIMATE SPECIES: SQUIRREL MONKEY ( SAIMIRI SP.) Heather Susanne Zimbler-DeLorenzo A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama May 09, 2009 ZOO ECOLOGY OF A PRIMATE SPECIES: SQUIRREL MONKEY ( SAIMIRI SP.) Heather Susanne Zimbler-DeLorenzo Permission is granted to Auburn University to make copies of this dissertation at its discretion, upon request of individuals or institutions and at their expense. The author reserves all publication rights. _________________________________ Signature of Author _________________________________ Date of Graduation iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT ZOO ECOLOGY OF A PRIMATE SPECIES: SQUIRREL MONKEY ( SAIMIRI SP.) Heather S. Zimbler-DeLorenzo Doctor of Philosophy, May 09, 2009 (B.S., Emory University, 2001) 134 Typed Pages Directed by F. Stephen Dobson Understanding how captivity affects the behavioral and development traits of a species is important for management and conservation in zoos. The ecology of squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri sp.) may be different in captivity than in their natural environment. I investigated five common ecological aspects: reproduction, vigilant behaviors, life history traits, and generational changes in seasonality.
    [Show full text]