Redalyc.TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS of the JEQUITINHONHA RIVER
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Mastozoología Neotropical ISSN: 0327-9383 [email protected] Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Argentina Geise, Lena; Pereira, Luciana G.; Astúa, Diego; Aguieiras, Marcia; Lessa, Leonardo G.; Asfora, Paulo H.; Dourado, Francisco; Esberárd, Carlos E. L. TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS OF THE JEQUITINHONHA RIVER BASIN, BRAZIL: A TRANSITION AREA BETWEEN ATLANTIC FORESTAND CERRADO Mastozoología Neotropical, vol. 24, núm. 1, julio, 2017, pp. 95-119 Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Tucumán, Argentina Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45753369009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Mastozoología Neotropical, 24(1):95-119, Mendoza, 2017 Copyright ©SAREM, 2017 http://www.sarem.org.ar Versión impresa ISSN 0327-9383 http://www.sbmz.com.br Versión on-line ISSN 1666-0536 Artículo TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS OF THE JEQUITINHONHA RIVER BASIN, BRAZIL: A TRANSITION AREA BETWEEN ATLANTIC FOREST AND CERRADO Lena Geise1, Luciana G. Pereira1, Diego Astúa2, Marcia Aguieiras1, Leonardo G. Lessa3, Paulo H. Asfora1, 2, Francisco Dourado4, and Carlos E. L. Esberárd5, 1 Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, IB, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. [Correspondence: <[email protected]>] 2 Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, CB, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife, PE, Brazil. 3 Laboratório de Ecologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil. 4 Centro de Pesquisas e Estudo em Desastres, Departamento de Geologia Aplicada, FGEL, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 5 Laboratório de Diversidade de Morcegos, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ. Brazil. ABSTRACT. Here we present an extensive survey for non-volant mammals along the margins of the Jequitinhonha River, which represents a contact area between the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes. Our data were ob- tained after 13 trapping expeditions (from 2005 to 2012) on both banks of the river, from its source to its mouth, enriched by data obtained from a literature review and voucher specimens deposited in six mammal collections. All collected specimens were identified through their karyotypes and/or morphology. We obtained data for 75 localities (34 at the rigth margin, 42 at the left margin; 30 in the Cerrado and 45 in the Atlantic Forest). We obtained voucher records for 91 species, ca. 17% of all known Brazilian terrestrial non-volant mam- mals. Our results include range extensions for six species (Monodelphis scalops, Thylamys velutinus, Calomys mattevii, Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos, Galea spixii, Kerodon rupestris), and karyotype information for 26 species (11 marsupials and 15 rodents), with four new karyotypes. While most species have wide geographical range in both biomes, 26 were recorded only in the Cerrado and 19 were recorded only in the Atlantic Forest. Recorded species represent 28.7% (6.3% endemic) of the species known from the Cerrado and 21.5% (22.2% endemic) of those from the Atlantic Forest. The richness of the fauna recorded in this region supports its importance for the understanding of mammal biogeography, diversity and evolution. RESUMO. Mamíferos terrestres da bacia do Rio Jequitinhonha, Brasil: uma área de transição entre a Flo- resta Atlântica e o Cerrado. Aqui apresentamos uma extensa pesquisa de mamíferos não-voadores ao longo das margens do Rio Jequitinhonha, região biogeográfica interessante que representa uma área de contato entre dois biomas brasileiros (Cerrado e Mata Atlântica), ainda pouco conhecidos para a fauna de mamíferos. Nossos dados foram obtidos após 13 expedições de captura (de 2005 a 2012), em ambas as margens do rio, da nascente até à foz, enriquecida por dados obtidos a partir de amostras de material depositado em seis coleções de mamíferos. Todos os espécimes coletados foram identificados através de seus cariótipos ou morfologia. Foram obtidos dados Recibido 23 marzo 2016. Aceptado 23 febrero 2017. Editor asociado: G D’Elía 96 Mastozoología Neotropical, 24(1):95-119, Mendoza, 2017 L Geise et al. http://www.sarem.org.ar - http://www.sbmz.com.br de 75 localidades (34 na margem direita, 41 à esquerda; 30 no Cerrado e 45 na Floresta Atlântica). Obtivemos registros de 91 espécies de mamíferos não-voadores, ca. de 17% de todos os mamíferos terrestres brasileiros conhecidos. Nossos resultados incluem extensões de distribuição de seis espécies (Monodelphis scalops, Thylamys velutinus, Calomys mattevii, Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos, Galea spixii, Kerodon rupestris), e informações de cariótipo de 26 espécies (11 marsupiais e 15 de roedores), com quatro novos cariótipos. Enquanto a maioria das espécies têm ampla distribuição geográfica, 26 ocorreram apenas no Cerrado e 19 apenas na Mata Atlântica. Foram re- gistradas de 28.7% (6.3% endêmicas) de todas as espécies conhecidas para o Cerrado e 21.5% (22.2% endêmicas) da Floresta Atlântica. A riqueza da fauna registrada nesta região apoia a sua importância da compreensão na diversidade, biogeografia e evolução dos mamíferos. Key words: Barriers. Didelphimorphia. Karyotypes. Rodentia. Species richness. Palavras chave: Barreiras. Cariótipos. Didelphimorphia. Riqueza de espécies. Rodentia. INTRODUCTION The Jequitinhonha River Basin appears to be a particularly interesting region because it Brazil is the largest country in the Neotropics runs into both Atlantic Forest and Cerrado. and it has the largest mammal diversity in The vegetation along the Jequitinhonha River the world, with over 700 known species, a Basin changes along the river path. The region number that has been steadily increasing in is formed by a mosaic of vegetal physiognomies the past decades (Costa et al., 2005; Paglia et presented in two biomes (Cerrado and Atlantic al., 2012). Estimates from nearly 20 years ago Forest), with the northwest part also close to the had already predicted that the actual richness Caatinga, a uniquely Brazilian biome. Thus, such of Brazilian mammal species, given the exten- an environmental heterogeneity is likely to reveal sion of the country, was by far underestimated a peculiar mammalian fauna composition, as it is (Vivo, 1997). These facts only strengthen the surrounded by regions that harbor each a distinct importance of comprehensive and exhaustive mammal composition (Lessa and Paula, 2014). surveys, particularly in those regions that have Additionally, this sequence of vegetation also been poorly sampled, in order to accurately includes contact zones, where several mammal evaluate their species composition (Patterson, species from more than one of these biomes can 2002; Costa et al., 2005; Lessa et al., 2008). be found in sympatry (Geise and Astúa, 2009). Not only is the Brazilian mammal fauna However, the actual knowledge of mammals in highly diverse, but also the country various the Jequitinhonha River Basin is still limited biomes lead to varying levels of endemism, (Lessa et al., 2008). Thus, its mammal fauna with different levels of threat to their mammals. needs to be properly diagnosed (Drumond et Approximately 11% of the Brazilian mammal al., 2005) to provide a robust biogeographic data species are listed by the IUCN as globally to further studies and more knowledge about threatened (IUCN, 2015) and 15% as nationally the biodiversity of that region. threatened by the Brazilian National Red List In this paper we report an extensive survey (MMA, 2014). Levels of endemism in Brazil are for non-volant mammals in both riverbanks high, with ca. 30% of the recorded mammal of the Jequitinhonha River Basin, representing species being endemic (Paglia et al., 2012). As formations from two biomes (Cerrado and At- a consequence of their high endemism and hu- lantic Forest), along with karyotypic analyses. man pressure, two important Brazilian biomes, We also indicate how the Jequitinhonha River Atlantic Forest and Cerrado, were designated Basin region can be considered as an important as global hotspots (Myers et al., 2000). ecotone discontinuity area. TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS OF THE JEQUITINHONHA RIVER BASIN, BRAZIL 97 MATERIALS AND METHODS interventions based on economic reorientation, focusing on technology and competitiveness, induce Study area environmental degradation and generate economic, social and cultural negative consequences (Ferreira According to the document “Região Hidrográfica and Saadi, 2009). do Atlântico Leste”, organized by the Brazilian Min- As a whole, 75 localities were considered istry of Environment (MMA, 2006), the Jequitin- in this study; of these, 30 are in the Cerrado, honha and Pardo rivers include four sub-basins: while 45 are in the Atlantic Forest (Fig. 1). Jequitinhonha 1, Jequitinhonha 2, Jequitinhonha 3 Eleven phytophysiognomies are found along the and Pardo. Here we consider the area including three Jequitinhonha River Basin (IBGE, 2012) (Appen- sub-basins (Jequitinhonha 1, 2 and 3) following the dix I); two of them are non-natives as a conse- denomination provided by Instituto Brasileiro de quence of the anthropic impact. Agrarian Activities Geografia e Estatística (IBGE, 1997), Ferreira (2011), (originally Savanna, Steppic Savanna/Seasonal For- Ferreira and Saadi (2011), Silva