Expectation of Means and Variances of Backcross Individuals and Their
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Kennel Club Breed Health Improvement Strategy: a Step-By-Step Guide Improvement Strategy Improvement
BREED HEALTH THE KENNEL CLUB BREED HEALTH IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY WWW.THEKENNELCLUB.ORG.UK/DOGHEALTH BREED HEALTH IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE 2 Welcome WELCOME TO YOUR HEALTH IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY TOOLKIT This collection of toolkits is a resource intended to help Breed Health Coordinators maintain, develop and promote the health of their breed.. The Kennel Club recognise that Breed Health Coordinators are enthusiastic and motivated about canine health, but may not have the specialist knowledge or tools required to carry out some tasks. We hope these toolkits will be a good resource for current Breed Health Coordinators, and help individuals, who are new to the role, make a positive start. By using these toolkits, Breed Health Coordinators can expect to: • Accelerate the pace of improvement and depth of understanding of the health of their breed • Develop a step-by-step approach for creating a health plan • Implement a health survey to collect health information and to monitor progress The initial tool kit is divided into two sections, a Health Strategy Guide and a Breed Health Survey Toolkit. The Health Strategy Guide is a practical approach to developing, assessing, and monitoring a health plan specific to your breed. Every breed can benefit from a Health Improvement Strategy as a way to prevent health issues from developing, tackle a problem if it does arise, and assess the good practices already being undertaken. The Breed Health Survey Toolkit is a step by step guide to developing the right surveys for your breed. By carrying out good health surveys, you will be able to provide the evidence of how healthy your breed is and which areas, if any, require improvement. -
Dog Breeds of the World
Dog Breeds of the World Get your own copy of this book Visit: www.plexidors.com Call: 800-283-8045 Written by: Maria Sadowski PlexiDor Performance Pet Doors 4523 30th St West #E502 Bradenton, FL 34207 http://www.plexidors.com Dog Breeds of the World is written by Maria Sadowski Copyright @2015 by PlexiDor Performance Pet Doors Published in the United States of America August 2015 All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including photocopying, recording, or by any information retrieval and storage system without permission from PlexiDor Performance Pet Doors. Stock images from canstockphoto.com, istockphoto.com, and dreamstime.com Dog Breeds of the World It isn’t possible to put an exact number on the Does breed matter? dog breeds of the world, because many varieties can be recognized by one breed registration The breed matters to a certain extent. Many group but not by another. The World Canine people believe that dog breeds mostly have an Organization is the largest internationally impact on the outside of the dog, but through the accepted registry of dog breeds, and they have ages breeds have been created based on wanted more than 340 breeds. behaviors such as hunting and herding. Dog breeds aren’t scientifical classifications; they’re It is important to pick a dog that fits the family’s groupings based on similar characteristics of lifestyle. If you want a dog with a special look but appearance and behavior. Some breeds have the breed characterics seem difficult to handle you existed for thousands of years, and others are fairly might want to look for a mixed breed dog. -
Pho300007 Risk Modeling and Screening for Brcai
?4 101111111111 PHO300007 RISK MODELING AND SCREENING FOR BRCAI MUTATIONS AMONG FILIPINO BREAST CANCER PATIENTS by ALEJANDRO Q. NAT09 JR. A Master's Thesis Submitted to the National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology College of Science University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City As Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY March 2003 In memory of my gelovedmother Mrs. josefina Q -Vato who passedaway while waitingfor the accomplishment of this thesis... Thankyouvery inuchfor aff the tremendous rove andsupport during the beautifil'30yearstfiatyou were udth me... Wom, you are he greatest! I fi)ve you very much! .And.. in memory of 4 collaborating 6reast cancerpatients who passedaway during te course of this study ... I e.Vress my deepest condolence to your (overtones... Tou have my heartfeligratitude! 'This tesis is dedicatedtoa(the 37 cofla6oratingpatients who aftruisticaffyjbinedthisstudyfor te sake offuture generations... iii This is to certify that this master's thesis entitled "Risk Modeling and Screening for BRCAI Mutations among Filipino Breast Cancer Patients" and submitted by Alejandro Q. Nato, Jr. to fulfill part of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology was successfully defended and approved on 28 March 2003. VIRGINIA D. M Ph.D. Thesis Ad RIO SUSA B. TANAEL JR., M.Sc., M.D. Thesis Co-.A. r Thesis Reader The National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology endorses acceptance of this master's thesis as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. -
Crossbreeding Systems for Small Beef Herds
~DMSION OF AGRICULTURE U~l_}J RESEARCH &: EXTENSION Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Arkansas System FSA3055 Crossbreeding Systems for Small Beef Herds Bryan Kutz For most livestock species, Hybrid Vigor Instructor/Youth crossbreeding is an important aspect of production. Intelligent crossbreed- Generating hybrid vigor is one of Extension Specialist - the most important, if not the most ing generates hybrid vigor and breed Animal Science important, reasons for crossbreeding. complementarity, which are very important to production efficiency. Any worthwhile crossbreeding sys- Cattle breeders can obtain hybrid tem should provide adequate levels vigor and complementarity simply by of hybrid vigor. The highest level of crossing appropriate breeds. However, hybrid vigor is obtained from F1s, sustaining acceptable levels of hybrid the first cross of unrelated popula- vigor and breed complementarity in tions. To sustain F1 vigor in a herd, a a manageable way over the long term producer must avoid backcrossing – requires a well-planned crossbreed- not always an easy or a practical thing ing system. Given this, finding a way to do. Most crossbreeding systems do to evaluate different crossbreeding not achieve 100 percent hybrid vigor, systems is important. The following is but they do maintain acceptable levels a list of seven useful criteria for evalu- of hybrid vigor by limiting backcross- ating different crossbreeding systems: ing in a way that is manageable and economical. Table 1 (inside) lists 1. Merit of component breeds expected levels of hybrid vigor or het- erosis for several crossbreeding sys- 2. Hybrid vigor tems. 3. Breed complementarity 4. Consistency of performance Definitions 5. Replacement considerations hybrid vigor – an increase in 6. -
A Growing Problem Selective Breeding in the Chicken Industry
A GROWING PROBLEM SELECTIVE BREEDING IN THE CHICKEN INDUSTRY: THE CASE FOR SLOWER GROWTH A GROWING PROBLEM SELECTIVE BREEDING IN THE CHICKEN INDUSTRY: THE CASE FOR SLOWER GROWTH TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................. 2 SELECTIVE BREEDING FOR FAST AND EXCESSIVE GROWTH ......................... 3 Welfare Costs ................................................................................. 5 Labored Movement ................................................................... 6 Chronic Hunger for Breeding Birds ................................................. 8 Compromised Physiological Function .............................................. 9 INTERACTION BETWEEN GROWTH AND LIVING CONDITIONS ...................... 10 Human Health Concerns ................................................................. 11 Antibiotic Resistance................................................................. 11 Diseases ............................................................................... 13 MOVING TO SLOWER GROWTH ............................................................... 14 REFERENCES ....................................................................................... 16 COVER PHOTO: CHRISTINE MORRISSEY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In an age when the horrors of factory farming are becoming more well-known and people are increasingly interested in where their food comes from, few might be surprised that factory farmed chickens raised for their meat—sometimes called “broiler” -
PLANT BREEDING David Luckett and Gerald Halloran ______
CHAPTER 4 _____________________________________________________________________ PLANT BREEDING David Luckett and Gerald Halloran _____________________________________________________________________ WHAT IS PLANT BREEDING AND WHY DO IT? Plant breeding, or crop genetic improvement, is the production of new, improved crop varieties for use by farmers. The new variety may have higher yield, improved grain quality, increased disease resistance, or be less prone to lodging. Ideally, it will have a new combination of attributes which are significantly better than the varieties already available. The new variety will be a new combination of genes which the plant breeder has put together from those available in the gene pool of that species. It may contain only genes already existing in other varieties of the same crop, or it may contain genes from other distant plant relatives, or genes from unrelated organisms inserted by biotechnological means. The breeder will have employed a range of techniques to produce the new variety. The new gene combination will have been chosen after the breeder first created, and then eliminated, thousands of others of poorer performance. This chapter is concerned with describing some of the more important genetic principles that define how plant breeding occurs and the techniques breeders use. Plant breeding is time-consuming and costly. It typically takes more than ten years for a variety to proceed from the initial breeding stages through to commercial release. An established breeding program with clear aims and reasonable resources will produce a new variety regularly, every couple of years or so. Each variety will be an incremental improvement upon older varieties or may, in rarer circumstances, be a quantum improvement due to some novel gene, the use of some new technique or a response to a new pest or disease. -
Review of the Current State of Genetic Testing - a Living Resource
Review of the Current State of Genetic Testing - A Living Resource Prepared by Liza Gershony, DVM, PhD and Anita Oberbauer, PhD of the University of California, Davis Editorial input by Leigh Anne Clark, PhD of Clemson University July, 2020 Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 I. The Basics ......................................................................................................................................... 2 II. Modes of Inheritance ....................................................................................................................... 7 a. Mendelian Inheritance and Punnett Squares ................................................................................. 7 b. Non-Mendelian Inheritance ........................................................................................................... 10 III. Genetic Selection and Populations ................................................................................................ 13 IV. Dog Breeds as Populations ............................................................................................................. 15 V. Canine Genetic Tests ...................................................................................................................... 16 a. Direct and Indirect Tests ................................................................................................................ 17 b. Single -
Management of Replacement Heifers for a High Reproductive and Calving Rate
B - 1213 Management of Replacement Heifers for a High Reproductive and Calving Rate L. R. Sprott and T. R. Troxel * A profitable beef operation involves producing the low group and 19 pounds more than the medium maximum pounds of beef at the least possible cost. group. Notice that 70 percent of these heavier, Profitability is primarily dependent on reproductive faster gaining calves were born in the first 20 days performance, which is best measured by percent of the calving season. calf crop. "Percent calf crop", is the number of calves weaned, divided by the number of cows in In addition to weaning heavier calves, cows calving the breeding herd at the start of the breeding early in the calving season have better rebreeding season. rates than cows calving late in the calving season (4, 5, 6). The herd should be managed to increase This statistic varies widely in Texas, with some the proportion of early calving cows. Such things as herds having 30 to 50 percent calf crops and others disease control, adequate nutrition, annual culling of 90 percent or greater. Obviously, the closer the calf open and late calving cows, and proper heifer crop is to 100 percent, the more calves there are to management are essential elements of market and the better the recovery of direct costs management for earliness of calving. Good heifer associated with the cow herd. management maybe the most critical management tool. It produces a uniform group of heifers that, In many beef operations calves are weaned at a when given an opportunity to conceive early in the given time; therefore, cows calving late in the first breeding season, will calve early in the first calving season wean smaller calves than do cows calving season. -
Serological Evidence for Ehrlichia Canis Exposure in Military Dogs and Other Canines in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines Baticados, A.M.,* and Baticados, W.N
Serological Evidence for Ehrlichia canis Exposure in Military Dogs and Other Canines in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines Baticados, A.M.,* and Baticados, W.N. Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines 4031 * Corresponding author: Dr. Abigail M. Baticados (DVM), Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines 4031; Phone: +63 49 536 2728; Fax: +63 49 536 2730; E-mail: [email protected] ; abbydvm00@ gmail.com ABSTRACT Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a fatal worldwide tick-borne disease of canines. To date, there are no published reports on the serological detection of Ehrlichia canis in dogs in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines. In an attempt to establish the serological status of canine ehrlichiosis in the country, a total of 169 canine blood samples were processed for ELISA assay. A high percentage of the blood samples, 95.3% (161/169), were found seropositive for E. canis antibodies using Immunocomb® Ehrlichia canis test kit. Moreover, out of the total seropositive animals, 59.0% (95/161) exhibited significant antibody titers whereas 41.0% (66/161) displayed low antibody titer levels. Only 4.7% (8/169) of the blood samples showed seron- egative results. The study reports seropositive Immunocomb® Canine Ehrlichia Antibody test kit results from randomly sampled canines of Metropolitan Manila, Philippines. Consequently, the significant levels of antibody titers only indicate possible exposure to the pathogen but not necessarily the presence of the aetiologic agent. In summary, the outcome of the study indicates that the aetiologic agent of the fatal disease in canines (CME), E. -
Marker Assisted Selection in Comparison to Conventional Plant Breeding: Review Article
Review Article Agri Res & Tech: Open Access J Volume 14 Issue 2 - February 2018 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Melese Lema DOI: 10.19080/ARTOAJ.2018.14.555914 Marker Assisted Selection in Comparison to Conventional Plant Breeding: Review Article Melese Lema* Assistant Crop Improvement Researcher At Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia Submission: January 18, 2018; Published: February 28, 2018 *Corresponding author: Melese Lema, Assistant Crop Improvement Researcher At Southern Agricultural Research Institute, PO Box 06, Hawassa, Ethiopia, Email: Abstract Although significant strides have been made in crop improvement through phenotypic selections for agronomical important traits, wasconsiderable therefore difficulties greeted with are great often enthusiasm encountered as during it was seenthis process. as a major A new breakthrough variety in promisingconventional to overcomebreeding could this key take limitation. 8 to 10 years Marker to develop.assisted Breeders are very interested in new technologies to speed up this process or make it more efficient. The development of molecular markers costs and optimized strategies for integrating MAS with phenotypic selection are needed before the technology can reach its full potential. Overall, markerselection assisted is likely selection to become has more proven valuable to be a as very a larger useful number technique of genesin plant are breeding. identified Through and their these functions techniques, and interactions plant breeders elucidated; have been Reduced able to technology. produce cultivars of agriculturally significant plants with genes for resistance to many diseases that were not possible before the advent of DNA Introduction to detect associations with traits of interest John & Andrea [2], Plant breeding is the art and science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics and it can a reality. -
Application of a Simplified Marker-Assisted Backcross
Biologia 69/4: 463—468, 2014 Section Botany DOI: 10.2478/s11756-014-0335-2 Application of a simplified marker-assisted backcross technique for hybrid breeding in rice Zhijuan Ji1,3,JianyaoShi2, Yuxiang Zeng1,QianQian1,3* & Changdeng Yang1* 1State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006,China; e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 2Seed Management Station of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020,China 3College of Agronomy, Shengyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866,China Abstract: Hybrid rice has contributed greatly to the self-sufficiency of the food supply in China. However, bacterial blight is a major disease that limits hybrid rice production in China. The study was conducted to develop an efficient breeding technique to improve the bacterial blight resistance in hybrid rice. A marker-assisted backcross breeding technique was adopted to improve HN189, an elite restorer line containing the Pi1 gene. This breeding technique was simplified to fore- ground selection with only one generation of backcrossing and background selection based on phenotypic selection. A novel bacterial blight resistance gene, Xa23, was introgressed into HN189. Two improved restorer lines, HBH145 (with one gen- eration of backcrossing) and HBH146 (with two generations of backcrossing), were obtained that had a significant bacterial blight resistance advantage over HN189. The corresponding hybrid combination Tianyou H145 (Tianfeng A / HBH145) was certified one year earlier than Qianyou H146 (Qianjiang 1A / HBH146). The use of the marker-assisted backcross breeding technique with one generation of backcrossing and without background selection in rice breeding programs shortened the breeding period of the rice. Key words: bacterial blight resistance; hybrid rice; marker-assisted backcross breeding; Xa23 gene Introduction sources for three-line hybrid breeding programs (Huang et al. -
Bull Selection and Management Guide
MP502 BULL SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT GUIDE University of Arkansas, United States Department of Agriculture, and County Governments Cooperating Contents Chapter 1: The Importance of Sire Selection . 1 Chapter 2: Breed and Composite Selection. 2 Chapter 3: Crossbreeding Systems . 11 Chapter 4: Beef Sire Selection. 14 Chapter 5: Understanding and Using Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) . 23 Chapter 6: Purchasing and Management . 28 References . 36 Glossary . 38 DR. BRETT BARHAM is associate professor, Animal Science Department, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Little Rock. Chapter 1 The Importance of Sire Selection Dan W. Moser, Kansas State University B ull selection presents an important opportunity producers can select bulls that are fairly elite even to enhance the profitability of the beef production when using natural mating. Use of AI allows com enterprise. For several reasons, bull selection is one mercial producers to use some of the most outstand of the most important producer decisions and, as ing bulls in the world at a reasonable cost, allowing such, requires advance preparation and effort to be for enormous amounts of genetic change, if successful. To effectively select sires, producers desired. Finally, selection of bulls is more accurate must not only be well versed in the use of expected than female selection. Seedstock breeders provide progeny differences (EPDs) and understand breed genetic information in the form of EPDs, which differences, they must accurately and objectively allow for direct comparison of potential sires across assess the herd’s current genetics, resources and herds and environments. Unlike actual measure management. Furthermore, recent advances in DNA ments, EPDs consider the heritability of the trait technology and decision-support tools add complex to accurately predict genetic differences between ity to selection but will ultimately enhance selection animals.