Pho300007 Risk Modeling and Screening for Brcai
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Mutation Breeding in Pepper S
XA0101052 INIS-XA--390 Mutation Breeding Review JOINT FAO/IAEA DIVISION OF ISOTOPE AND RADIATION APPLICATIONS OF ATOMIC ENERGY FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA No. 4 March 1986 MUTATION BREEDING IN PEPPER S. DASKALOV* Plant Breeding Unit, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Isotope and Radiation Applications of Atomic Energy for Food and Agricultural Development, Seibersdorf Laboratory, IAEA, Vienna Abstract Pepper (Capsicum sp, ) is an important vegetable and spice crop widely grown in tropical as well as in temperate regions. Until recently the improvement programmes were based mainly on using natural sources of germ plasm, crossbreeding and exploiting the heterosis of F hybrids. However, interest in using induced mutations is growing. A great number of agronomically useful mutants as well as mutants valuable for genetic, cytological and physiological studies have been induced and described. Acknowledgements: The author expresses his gratitude to Dr. A. Micke, Head, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, FAO/IAEA Joint Division and to Dr. T. Hermelin, Head, Agriculture Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme, Seibersdorf Laboratory, for their critical review of the manuscript and valuable contributions. * Permanent Address: Institute of Genetics, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria 32/ 22 In this review information is presented about suitable mutagen treatment procedures with radiation as well as chemicals, M effects, handling the treated material in M , M and subsequent generations, and mutant screening procedures. This is supplemented by a description of reported useful mutants and released cultivars. Finally, general advice is given on when and how to incorporate mutation induction in Capsicum improvement programmes. INTRODUCTION Peppers are important vegetable and spice crops widely grown in tropical as well as in temperate regions. -
"First Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources"
Country Report of Australia for the FAO First Report on the State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER 1 ASSESSING THE STATE OF AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY THE FARM ANIMAL SECTOR IN AUSTRALIA.................................................................................7 1.1 OVERVIEW OF AUSTRALIAN AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND RELATED ANIMAL BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY. ......................................................................................................7 Australian Agriculture - general context .....................................................................................7 Australia's agricultural sector: production systems, diversity and outputs.................................8 Australian livestock production ...................................................................................................9 1.2 ASSESSING THE STATE OF CONSERVATION OF FARM ANIMAL BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY..............10 Major agricultural species in Australia.....................................................................................10 Conservation status of important agricultural species in Australia..........................................11 Characterisation and information systems ................................................................................12 1.3 ASSESSING THE STATE OF UTILISATION OF FARM ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES IN AUSTRALIA. ........................................................................................................................................................12 -
The Kennel Club Breed Health Improvement Strategy: a Step-By-Step Guide Improvement Strategy Improvement
BREED HEALTH THE KENNEL CLUB BREED HEALTH IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY WWW.THEKENNELCLUB.ORG.UK/DOGHEALTH BREED HEALTH IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE 2 Welcome WELCOME TO YOUR HEALTH IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY TOOLKIT This collection of toolkits is a resource intended to help Breed Health Coordinators maintain, develop and promote the health of their breed.. The Kennel Club recognise that Breed Health Coordinators are enthusiastic and motivated about canine health, but may not have the specialist knowledge or tools required to carry out some tasks. We hope these toolkits will be a good resource for current Breed Health Coordinators, and help individuals, who are new to the role, make a positive start. By using these toolkits, Breed Health Coordinators can expect to: • Accelerate the pace of improvement and depth of understanding of the health of their breed • Develop a step-by-step approach for creating a health plan • Implement a health survey to collect health information and to monitor progress The initial tool kit is divided into two sections, a Health Strategy Guide and a Breed Health Survey Toolkit. The Health Strategy Guide is a practical approach to developing, assessing, and monitoring a health plan specific to your breed. Every breed can benefit from a Health Improvement Strategy as a way to prevent health issues from developing, tackle a problem if it does arise, and assess the good practices already being undertaken. The Breed Health Survey Toolkit is a step by step guide to developing the right surveys for your breed. By carrying out good health surveys, you will be able to provide the evidence of how healthy your breed is and which areas, if any, require improvement. -
Dog Breeds of the World
Dog Breeds of the World Get your own copy of this book Visit: www.plexidors.com Call: 800-283-8045 Written by: Maria Sadowski PlexiDor Performance Pet Doors 4523 30th St West #E502 Bradenton, FL 34207 http://www.plexidors.com Dog Breeds of the World is written by Maria Sadowski Copyright @2015 by PlexiDor Performance Pet Doors Published in the United States of America August 2015 All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including photocopying, recording, or by any information retrieval and storage system without permission from PlexiDor Performance Pet Doors. Stock images from canstockphoto.com, istockphoto.com, and dreamstime.com Dog Breeds of the World It isn’t possible to put an exact number on the Does breed matter? dog breeds of the world, because many varieties can be recognized by one breed registration The breed matters to a certain extent. Many group but not by another. The World Canine people believe that dog breeds mostly have an Organization is the largest internationally impact on the outside of the dog, but through the accepted registry of dog breeds, and they have ages breeds have been created based on wanted more than 340 breeds. behaviors such as hunting and herding. Dog breeds aren’t scientifical classifications; they’re It is important to pick a dog that fits the family’s groupings based on similar characteristics of lifestyle. If you want a dog with a special look but appearance and behavior. Some breeds have the breed characterics seem difficult to handle you existed for thousands of years, and others are fairly might want to look for a mixed breed dog. -
Starmaya: the First Arabica F1 Coffee Hybrid Produced Using Genetic Male Sterility
METHODS published: 22 October 2019 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01344 Starmaya: The First Arabica F1 Coffee Hybrid Produced Using Genetic Male Sterility Frédéric Georget 1,2*, Lison Marie 1,2, Edgardo Alpizar 3, Philippe Courtel 3, Mélanie Bordeaux 4, Jose Martin Hidalgo 4, Pierre Marraccini 1,2, Jean-christophe Breitler 1,2, Eveline Déchamp 1,2, Clément Poncon 3, Hervé Etienne 1,2 and Benoit Bertrand 1,2 1 CIRAD, UMR IPME, Montpellier, France, 2 IPME, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France, 3 Plant material, ECOM, Exportadora Atlantic, Managua, Nicaragua, 4 FONDATION NICAFRANCE, Managua, Nicaragua In the present paper, we evaluated the implementation of a seed production system based on the exploitation of male sterility on coffee. We studied specifically the combination between CIR-SM01 and Marsellesa® (a Sarchimor line), which provides a hybrid population called Starmaya. We demonstrated that the establishment of seed garden under natural pollination is possible and produces a sufficient amount of hybrid seeds to be multiplied efficiently and economically. As expected for F1 hybrid, the performances of Starmaya are highly superior to conventional cultivars. However, we observed some heterogeneity on Starmaya cultivar Edited by: in the field. We confirmed by genetic marker analysis that the off-types were partly related to Marcelino Perez De La Vega, Universidad de León, Spain the heterozygosity of the CIR-SM01 clone and could not be modified. Regarding the level Reviewed by: of rust resistance of Starmaya cv., we saw that it could be improved if Marsellesa was more Aaron P. Davis, fully fixed genetically. If so, we should be able to decrease significantly the percentage of rust Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom incidence of Starmaya from 15 to 5%, which would be quite acceptable at a commercial Eveline Teixeira Caixeta, level. -
Identification of 205 Current Rice Cultivars in Japan by Dot-Blot-SNP Analysis
Breeding Science 60: 447–453 (2010) doi:10.1270/jsbbs.60.447 Note Identification of 205 current rice cultivars in Japan by dot-blot-SNP analysis Hideki Sato1), Takashi Endo1,3), Sachiko Shiokai2), Takeshi Nishio2) and Masayuki Yamaguchi*1,4) 1) National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, Daisen Research Station, 3 Shimofurumichi, Yotsuya, Daisen, Akita 014- 0102, Japan 2) Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Amamiya-machi, Tsutsumidori, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8555, Japan 3) Present address: Miyagi Prefectural Furukawa Agricultural Experiment Station, 88 Fukoku Furukawa, Ousaki, Miyagi 989-6227, Japan 4) Present address: National Agricultural Research Center for Tohoku Region, 4 Akahira, Shimo-Kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0198, Japan Using 77 single-nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers and dot-blot analysis, we examined 218 rice cultivars, respectively occupying 99% and 92% of the planted areas of non-glutinous and glutinous rice for three con- secutive years from 2003 to 2005 in Japan. Among them, 205 cultivars were identified at one time by the genotypes of 18 markers, but 13 cultivars belonged to six groups in which cultivars were indistinguishable from each other. The 205 cultivars were individually distinguished from the others using combinations of up to six markers. This result was considered to be useful for the identification of Japanese commercial rice cul- tivars, monitoring the contamination of rice with other cultivars, and rice breeding using these cultivars. Key Words: rice, identification of rice cultivar, SNP, dot-blot. Introduction powerful tools for genetic analysis, since they are distributed over the rice genome at a very high frequency and the poly- As rice cultivars are discriminated by commercial brands, morphism is preserved firmly in alternate generations. -
Crossbreeding Systems for Small Beef Herds
~DMSION OF AGRICULTURE U~l_}J RESEARCH &: EXTENSION Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Arkansas System FSA3055 Crossbreeding Systems for Small Beef Herds Bryan Kutz For most livestock species, Hybrid Vigor Instructor/Youth crossbreeding is an important aspect of production. Intelligent crossbreed- Generating hybrid vigor is one of Extension Specialist - the most important, if not the most ing generates hybrid vigor and breed Animal Science important, reasons for crossbreeding. complementarity, which are very important to production efficiency. Any worthwhile crossbreeding sys- Cattle breeders can obtain hybrid tem should provide adequate levels vigor and complementarity simply by of hybrid vigor. The highest level of crossing appropriate breeds. However, hybrid vigor is obtained from F1s, sustaining acceptable levels of hybrid the first cross of unrelated popula- vigor and breed complementarity in tions. To sustain F1 vigor in a herd, a a manageable way over the long term producer must avoid backcrossing – requires a well-planned crossbreed- not always an easy or a practical thing ing system. Given this, finding a way to do. Most crossbreeding systems do to evaluate different crossbreeding not achieve 100 percent hybrid vigor, systems is important. The following is but they do maintain acceptable levels a list of seven useful criteria for evalu- of hybrid vigor by limiting backcross- ating different crossbreeding systems: ing in a way that is manageable and economical. Table 1 (inside) lists 1. Merit of component breeds expected levels of hybrid vigor or het- erosis for several crossbreeding sys- 2. Hybrid vigor tems. 3. Breed complementarity 4. Consistency of performance Definitions 5. Replacement considerations hybrid vigor – an increase in 6. -
A Growing Problem Selective Breeding in the Chicken Industry
A GROWING PROBLEM SELECTIVE BREEDING IN THE CHICKEN INDUSTRY: THE CASE FOR SLOWER GROWTH A GROWING PROBLEM SELECTIVE BREEDING IN THE CHICKEN INDUSTRY: THE CASE FOR SLOWER GROWTH TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................. 2 SELECTIVE BREEDING FOR FAST AND EXCESSIVE GROWTH ......................... 3 Welfare Costs ................................................................................. 5 Labored Movement ................................................................... 6 Chronic Hunger for Breeding Birds ................................................. 8 Compromised Physiological Function .............................................. 9 INTERACTION BETWEEN GROWTH AND LIVING CONDITIONS ...................... 10 Human Health Concerns ................................................................. 11 Antibiotic Resistance................................................................. 11 Diseases ............................................................................... 13 MOVING TO SLOWER GROWTH ............................................................... 14 REFERENCES ....................................................................................... 16 COVER PHOTO: CHRISTINE MORRISSEY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In an age when the horrors of factory farming are becoming more well-known and people are increasingly interested in where their food comes from, few might be surprised that factory farmed chickens raised for their meat—sometimes called “broiler” -
Unveiling a Unique Genetic Diversity of Cultivated Coffea Arabica L. in Its Main Domestication Center: Yemen
Genet Resour Crop Evol https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01139-y (0123456789().,-volV)( 0123456789().,-volV) RESEARCH ARTICLE Unveiling a unique genetic diversity of cultivated Coffea arabica L. in its main domestication center: Yemen C. Montagnon . A. Mahyoub . W. Solano . F. Sheibani Received: 21 July 2020 / Accepted: 15 January 2021 Ó The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Whilst it is established that almost all varieties and included no Yemen samples. Two other cultivated coffee (Coffea arabica L.) varieties origi- clusters were made up of worldwide varieties and nated in Yemen after some coffee seeds were intro- Yemen samples. We named these the Yemen Typica- duced into Yemen from neighboring Ethiopia, the Bourbon cluster and the Yemen SL-34 cluster. Finally, actual coffee genetic diversity in Yemen and its we observed one cluster that was unique to Yemen and significance to the coffee world had never been was not related to any known cultivated varieties and explored. We observed five genetic clusters. The first not even to any known Ethiopian accession: we name cluster, which we named the Ethiopian-Only (EO) this cluster the New-Yemen cluster. We discuss the cluster, was made up exclusively of the Ethiopian consequences of these findings and their potential to accessions. This cluster was clearly separated from the pave the way for further comprehensive genetic Yemen and cultivated varieties clusters, hence con- improvement projects for the identification of major firming the genetic distance between wild Ethiopian resilience/adaptation and cup quality genes that have accessions and coffee cultivated varieties around the been shaped through the domestication process of C. -
Genetic Modification for Agriculture—Proposed Revision of GMO Regulation in Australia
plants Opinion Genetic Modification for Agriculture—Proposed Revision of GMO Regulation in Australia Robert Redden RJR Agriculture Consultants, 62 Schier Drive, Horsham 340, Australia; [email protected] Abstract: Genetic engineering (GM) of crops, modified with DNA transfer between species, has been highly regulated for over two decades. Now, genome editing (GE) enables a range of DNA alterations, from single base pair changes to precise gene insertion with site-directed nucleases (SDNs). Past regulations, established according to the precautionary principle of avoiding potential risks to human health and the environment, are predicated on fears fanned by well-funded and emotional anti-GM campaigns. These fears ignore the safety record of GM crops over the last 25 years and the benefits of GM to crop productivity, disease and pest resistance, and the environment. GE is now superseding GM, and public education is needed about its benefits and its potential to meet the challenges of climate change for crops. World population will exceed 9 billion by 2050, and world CO2 levels are now over 400 ppm in contrast with a pre-industrial 280 ppm, leading to a projected 1.5 ◦C global warming by 2050, with more stressful crop environments. The required abiotic and biotic stress tolerances can be introgressed from crop wild relatives (CWR) into domestic crops via GE. Restrictive regulations need to be lifted to facilitate GE technologies for sustainable agriculture in Australia and the world. Keywords: genetic engineering; genome editing; regulation; climate change; precautionary principle Citation: Redden, R. Genetic Modification for Agriculture—Proposed Revision of 1. Introduction GMO Regulation in Australia. -
The Weedy Rice Problem
FAO Weedy rices – origin, PLANT PRODUCTION biology, ecology AND PROTECTION and control PAPER 188 by James C. Delouche Nilda R. Burgos David R. Gealy Gonzalo Zorrilla de San Martín and Ricardo Labrada with the collaboration of Michael Larinde and Cadmo Rosell FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2007 5IFNFOUJPOPSPNJTTJPOPGTQFDJmDDPNQBOJFT UIFJSQSPEVDUTPS CSBOEOBNFTEPFTOPUJNQMZBOZFOEPSTFNFOUPSKVEHFNFOUCZUIF 'PPEBOE"HSJDVMUVSF0SHBOJ[BUJPOPGUIF6OJUFE/BUJPOT 5IFEFTJHOBUJPOTFNQMPZFEBOEUIFQSFTFOUBUJPOPGNBUFSJBM JOUIJTJOGPSNBUJPOQSPEVDUEPOPUJNQMZUIFFYQSFTTJPOPGBOZ PQJOJPOXIBUTPFWFSPOUIFQBSUPGUIF'PPEBOE"HSJDVMUVSF 0SHBOJ[BUJPO PG UIF 6OJUFE /BUJPOT DPODFSOJOH UIF MFHBM PS EFWFMPQNFOUTUBUVTPGBOZDPVOUSZ UFSSJUPSZ DJUZPSBSFBPSPG JUTBVUIPSJUJFT PSDPODFSOJOHUIFEFMJNJUBUJPOPGJUTGSPOUJFSTPS CPVOEBSJFT *4#/ "MMSJHIUTSFTFSWFE3FQSPEVDUJPOBOEEJTTFNJOBUJPOPGNBUFSJBMJOUIJTJO GPSNBUJPOQSPEVDUGPSFEVDBUJPOBMPSPUIFSOPODPNNFSDJBMQVSQPTFTBSF BVUIPSJ[FEXJUIPVUBOZQSJPSXSJUUFOQFSNJTTJPOGSPNUIFDPQZSJHIUIPMEFST QSPWJEFEUIFTPVSDFJTGVMMZBDLOPXMFEHFE3FQSPEVDUJPOPGNBUFSJBMJOUIJT JOGPSNBUJPOQSPEVDUGPSSFTBMFPSPUIFSDPNNFSDJBMQVSQPTFTJTQSPIJCJUFE XJUIPVUXSJUUFOQFSNJTTJPOPGUIFDPQZSJHIUIPMEFST"QQMJDBUJPOTGPSTVDI QFSNJTTJPOTIPVMECFBEESFTTFEUPUIF$IJFG &MFDUSPOJD1VCMJTIJOH1PMJDZ BOE 4VQQPSU #SBODI $PNNVOJDBUJPO %JWJTJPO '"0 7JBMF EFMMF 5FSNF EJ $BSBDBMMB 3PNF *UBMZPSCZFNBJMUPDPQZSJHIU!GBPPSH ª'"0 iii Contents Acknowledgements x Preface xi List of acronyms xiii 1. Introduction 1 2. The weedy rice problem 3 What weedy rices are 3 Where weedy rices are a -
Plant Genetics – History of Genetic Modification of Crops We Eat
Plant Genetics – History of Genetic Modification of Crops We Eat WHAT? • Virtually all plants we eat have been genetically changed or modified by humans • This means we have been determining what genes or traits are propagated WHY? • Modifying and selecting plants that have desired traits for yield, taste, quality, texture, disease resistance, etc. benefit farmers and consumers • Responsible for half of crop yield improvements over the last 50 years HOW? • Natural mutations in genes or DNA • 10,000 years ago humans begin to select and breed crops • Crossbreeding of plants of the same species • Mid 1800’s modern genetics began with Gregor Mendel cross pollination of peas • To improve existing plant characteristics by crossing two varieties ….. • 1940s- Man-made mutations or mutation breeding using chemicals and radiation to create new plant varieties • Example: Ruby red grapefruit which is cold tolerant Source: Biofortified.org • 1980s- GMOs or genetically modified organisms: Scientists learned to copy a gene (DNA code) from one organism to another to add a new desired trait called transgenes using gene engineering (GM/GE). • 1990s first GMOs on the market • 2015- Gene editing makes a tiny, controlled, modification of a gene by editing the DNA code • Works like find and replace in word processor for specific, known genes which are modified without changing other genes Source: University of California, Berkley GM/GMO Crops: What’s in a name? • Genetically Modified Organism or GMO is commonly used to describe several terms: • Genetically modified (GM) • Genetic engineering (GE) • Biotech seeds • GMO refers a modern method of breeding that improves plant genetics by adding a gene(s) to a plant by “directly inserting” the gene or DNA from another organism into the genetic code to add a new trait such as insect or disease resistance, drought tolerance or enhance nutrition.