A Compilation of Research Results Involving Tropically Adapted Beef Cattle Breeds
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Breed Relationships and Definition in British Cattle
Heredity (2004) 93, 597–602 & 2004 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0018-067X/04 $30.00 www.nature.com/hdy Breed relationships and definition in British cattle: a genetic analysis P Wiener, D Burton and JL Williams Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, UK The genetic diversity of eight British cattle breeds was not associated with geographical distribution. Analyses also quantified in this study. In all, 30 microsatellites from the FAO defined the cohesiveness or definition of the various breeds, panel of markers were used to characterise the DNA with Highland, Guernsey and Jersey as the best defined and samples from nearly 400 individuals. A variety of methods most distinctive of the breeds. were applied to analyse the data in order to look at diversity Heredity (2004) 93, 597–602. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800566 within and between breeds. The relationships between Publishedonline25August2004 breeds were not highly resolved and breed clusters were Keywords: British cattle; breeds; diversity; microsatellites Introduction 1997; MacHugh et al, 1994, 1998; Kantanen et al, 2000; Arranz et al, 2001; Bjrnstad and Red 2001; Beja-Pereira The concept of cattle breeds, rather than local types, is et al, 2003). said to have originated in Britain under the influence of The goal of this study was to use microsatellite Robert Bakewell in the 18th century (Porter, 1991). It was markers to characterise diversity levels within, and during that period that intensive culling and inbreeding relationships between, a number of British cattle breeds, became widespread in order to achieve specific breeding most of which have not been characterised previously. -
2014 Breed Averages for Epd Traits
2014 BREED AVERAGES FOR EPD TRAITS The table below contains the most recent averages from breed association genetic evaluation programs as compiled by the U. S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska. Averages are for individuals born in 2012, the best estimate of where a breed stands in 2014. These figures can be used to determine how individual animals compare to their current breed average. Every association calculates EPDs independently, so these averages can not be used to compare breeds. For instance, the average Weaning EPD of +48 for Angus compared to +26 for Charolais does not mean the Angus breed averages 22 pounds heavier than Charolais for weaning weight. Breed comparisons can be seen on this website (http://beef.tamu.edu) in the list of publications under “Genetics & Selection”. Look for “2014 Sire-Breed Comparisons for EPD Traits”. Factors to adjust EPDs for comparison of individuals of different breeds, also based on U. S. Meat Animal Research Center studies, can be found in another publication on the above website under “2014 Across-Breed EPD Adjustments.” Note that most of the breed averages are not zero. They are calculated in relation to breed average for a base (often the starting year), which varies for each breed. Since the base can be the year when the breed’s EPD program started (as much as 40 years ago in some breeds) many breed averages are now markedly different from zero for some traits, especially weaning and yearling weight. Also, breed averages often change each year, possibly significantly if an association chooses to use a different base from preceding years, so the most recent average should always be used. -
Cytogenetic and Molecular Analysis of the Pantaneiro Cattle Breed
Molecular analysis of the Pantaneiro cattle breed 1609 Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of the Pantaneiro cattle breed Érica Cunha Issa(1), Wilham Jorge(2) and José Robson Bezerra Sereno(3) (1)Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus Botucatu, Distrito de Rubião Junior, CEP 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] (2)Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Dep. de Biologia Geral, Av. Antônio Carlos, no 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] (3)Embrapa Cerrados, BR 020, Km 18, Caixa Postal 08223, CEP 73310-970 Planaltina, DF, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract – The objective of this work was to characterize Pantaneiro cattle genetically through its paternal ancestry by the morphology of the Y chromosome, whether submetacentric or acrocentric, as well as to identify the maternal ancestry through mitochondrial DNA. The karyotype and mitochondrial DNA of 12 bulls of Pantaneiro breed were analyzed. The Y chromosome was analyzed in lymphocyte metaphases and the mitochondrial DNA by diagnosing its haplotype (Bos taurus and Bos indicus). Among Pantaneiro animals analyzed three had a taurine (submetacentric) Y and nine had a zebuine (acrocentric) Y chromosome, suggesting breed contamination by Zebu cattle, once Pantaneiro is considered to be of European origin. The mitochondrial DNA was exclusively of taurine origin, indicating that the participation of zebuines in the formation of the breed occurred entirely through the paternal line. Index terms: Bos taurus taurus, Bos taurus indicus, Y chromosome, mitochondrial DNA. Análise citogenética e molecular do bovino Pantaneiro Resumo – O objetivo deste trablaho foi caracterizar geneticamente o bovino Pantaneiro por meio de sua ancestralidade paterna, pela morfologia de seu cromossomo Y, submetacêntrico ou acrocêntrico, e identificar a ancestralidade materna pelo DNA mitocondrial. -
"First Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources"
Country Report of Australia for the FAO First Report on the State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER 1 ASSESSING THE STATE OF AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY THE FARM ANIMAL SECTOR IN AUSTRALIA.................................................................................7 1.1 OVERVIEW OF AUSTRALIAN AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND RELATED ANIMAL BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY. ......................................................................................................7 Australian Agriculture - general context .....................................................................................7 Australia's agricultural sector: production systems, diversity and outputs.................................8 Australian livestock production ...................................................................................................9 1.2 ASSESSING THE STATE OF CONSERVATION OF FARM ANIMAL BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY..............10 Major agricultural species in Australia.....................................................................................10 Conservation status of important agricultural species in Australia..........................................11 Characterisation and information systems ................................................................................12 1.3 ASSESSING THE STATE OF UTILISATION OF FARM ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES IN AUSTRALIA. ........................................................................................................................................................12 -
Using Beef Cattle Genetics to Manage
Tall Fescue Endophyte Toxicosis in Beef Cattle: Clinical Mode of Action and Potential Mitigation through Cattle Genetics Richard Browning, Jr., Ph.D. Cooperative Agricultural Research Program Tennessee State University Nashville, TN 37209-1561 INTRODUCTION Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is the most commonly used cultivated grass in the United States to feed beef cattle. Tall fescue is a cool-season perennial grass that many cattle producers ‘can’t live with, but can’t live without’ because of its hardiness and good forage yields, but adverse effects on cattle well-being and yields. The history of this forage and its effects on animal performance have been extensively reviewed (Hemken et al., 1984; Bacon et al., 1986; Stuedemann and Hoveland, 1988; Porter and Thompson, 1992; Stuedemann and Thompson, 1993; Porter, 1994; Bacon, 1995; Paterson et al., 1995). Tall fescue was unintentionally introduced from Europe sometime in the 1800s. Early university research on growing tall fescue in the U.S. began between 1907 and 1918 in Oregon and in Kentucky in 1931 (Alderson and Sharp, 1993). Tall fescue, primarily the Kentucky-31 variety, was planted across the U.S. throughout the 1940s and 1950s because of its excellent growth under various environmental stressors. Tall fescue may be found across the eastern half of the U.S. and the Pacific Northwest covering an estimated 25 to 40 million acres of pasture and hayland. It has been estimated that over 90% of tall fescue pastures in the U.S. are infected with the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum (Bacon and Siegel, 1988; Glenn et al., 1996). -
Prova De Ganho Em Peso Com Destaque Para Raça Tabapuã - Confinamento Oficializada Pela Abcz
BERGSON BRAGA CHAGAS PROVA DE GANHO EM PESO COM DESTAQUE PARA RAÇA TABAPUÃ - CONFINAMENTO OFICIALIZADA PELA ABCZ Monografia apresentada a FAZU - Faculdades Associadas de Uberaba, como requisito parcial no Curso de Pós-graduação “ lato sensu ” em Julgamento das Raças Zebuínas. Orientador: Prof.º Carlos Henrique Cavallari Machado UBERABA 2006 2 Bergson Braga Chagas Prova de ganho em Peso com Destaque para Raça Tabapuã - Confinamento Oficializada Pela ABCZ Monografia apresentada a FAZU - Faculdades Associadas de Uberaba, no Curso de Pós- graduação “ lato sensu ” em Julgamento das Raças Zebuínas, aprovada pela banca examinadora constituída pelos seguintes membros: ___________________________________________________ Carlos Henrique Cavallari Machado Orientador ___________________________________________________ Enilice Cristina Cadetti Garbellini Convidado ___________________________________________________ Luiz Antonio Josahkian Convidado Uberaba, 11 de Dezembro de 2006. 3 Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais, Cosme Otoni Mesquita Chagas e Geovania Maria da Silva Braga, pelo exemplo de pessoas que são e por estarem sempre ao meu lado, compartilhando os momentos difíceis e de alegrias me dando apoio em todos os sentidos. Aos meus irmãos, pela honestidade, sinceridade, amor, verdade, profissionalismo e por crerem neste trabalho. À minha esposa Tatiana Fagundes Braga Chagas pelo carinho, paciência e companheirismo. 4 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço em primeiríssimo lugar ao meu DEUS, meu escudo e minha fortaleza ao qual devo a minha vida, a minha força, a minha saúde, a minha energia, o meu trabalho, a minha pesquisa, a minha Monografia . Aos professores Carlos Henrique Cavallari Machado e Luiz Antônio Josahkian, por terem me orientado na realização desta pesquisa, minha gratidão, pois muito me auxiliaram nos momentos de incertezas e insegurança, mas em nenhum momento duvidaram do meu profissionalismo científico. -
Report Name:The Brazilian Bovine Genetics Market and US Exports
Voluntary Report – Voluntary - Public Distribution Date: March 03,2021 Report Number: BR2021-0010 Report Name: The Brazilian Bovine Genetics Market and US Exports Country: Brazil Post: Brasilia Report Category: Livestock and Products, Dairy and Products Prepared By: Oliver Flake Approved By: Oliver Flake Report Highlights: Bovine semen exports from the United States to Brazil reached a record in 2020, and expectations are that 2021 could be another record year. Brazil is the second largest market for U.S. bovine genetics. Demand for artificial insemination (AI) and high quality genetics in Brazil is growing by double digits each year, with the cattle sector leading the growth. In recent years, Post has increased marketing efforts in the area of bovine genetics and is working to address barriers to trade. THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Summary: The bovine genetics market in Brazil is growing by leaps and bounds, with Angus genetics leading the way. Last year saw records for both artificial insemination (AI) use in Brazil as well as bovine genetic imports. As ranchers seek to improve their traditional herds, they increasingly look to AI over natural breeding. Overall demand for high-quality semen is growing and the pandemic did not negatively impact semen sales in 2020, with imports reaching a record US$36.4 million. In regard to Angus genetics, the market is expected to double over the next four to five years. Meanwhile, AI use in the dairy industry continues to be low, but increasing, due to the small size of dairies in Brazil and the lack of resources to invest in high quality Holstein genetics. -
Crossbreeding of Cattle in Africa
Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences June 2018, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 16-31 ISSN: 2334-2404 (Print), 2334-2412 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/jaes.v7n1a3 URL: https://doi.org/10.15640/jaes.v7n1a3 Crossbreeding of Cattle in Africa R Trevor Wilson1 Abstract Africa is endowed with a very wide range of mostly Bos indicus indigenous cattle breeds. A general statement with regard to their performance for meat or milk is that they are of inferior genetic value. Attempts to improve their performance have rarely relied on within-breed improvement but have concentrated on crossing to supposedly superior exotic Bos taurus types. Exotic types have not always – indeed have rarely -- been chosen on objective criteria and the imported breeds generally indicate the colonial past of individual African countries rather than on use of “the right animal in the right place”. Most attempts at increasing output have been undertaken under research station conditions. Results on station have been very variable but the limited success achieved has rarely been carried over in to the general African cattle population. This paper documents a number of attempts to alter the genetic make-up of African cattle in several countries and discusses the reasons for the failure of most of these. Keywords: Bos indicus, Bos taurus, livestock experiments, milk production, meat production 1. Introduction African countries differ greatly in climatic, ecological and agricultural conditions and in socioeconomic factors. In many countries, nonetheless, cattle are the most important livestock species. -
Postweaning Growth and Carcass Traits in Crossbred Cattle from Hereford, Angus, Brangus, Beefmaster, Bonsmara, and Romosinuano Maternal Grandsires E
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Center Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 2010 Postweaning growth and carcass traits in crossbred cattle from Hereford, Angus, Brangus, Beefmaster, Bonsmara, and Romosinuano maternal grandsires E. Casas USDA, ARS, US Meat Animal Research Center, [email protected] R. M. Thallman USDA-ARS Meat Animal Research Center, [email protected] L. A. Kuehn USDA- ARS, US Meat Animal Research Center, [email protected] L. V. Cundiff US Meat Animal Research Center, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/hruskareports Casas, E.; Thallman, R. M.; Kuehn, L. A.; and Cundiff, L. V., "Postweaning growth and carcass traits in crossbred cattle from Hereford, Angus, Brangus, Beefmaster, Bonsmara, and Romosinuano maternal grandsires" (2010). Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center. 374. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/hruskareports/374 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published December 4, 2014 Postweaning growth and carcass traits in crossbred cattle from Hereford, Angus, Brangus, Beefmaster, Bonsmara, and Romosinuano maternal grandsires1,2 E. Casas,3 R. M. Thallman, L. A. Kuehn, and L. V. Cundiff USDA, ARS, US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933 ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to char- est marbling scores when compared with other grand- acterize breeds representing diverse biological types for sire breeds. -
Sexual Development of Guzerat (Bos Taurus Indicus) Bulls Raised in a Tropical Region
Anim. Reprod., v.2, n.2, p.114-121, April/June, 2005 Sexual development of Guzerat (Bos taurus indicus) bulls raised in a tropical region J.R.S. Torres-Júnior1, M. Henry1,2 1Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, PO Box 567, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Abstract and sexual maturity is the expression of maximum reproductive potential (Makarechian et al., 1985). The Two-hundred and seven healthy males, 7 to 31 combination of libido and sperm production during months of age and raised on pasture in a tropical region, sexual development leads to reproductive capacity were used to evaluate sexual development in the (Chenoweth et al., 1984; Fonseca, 1989; Perry et al., Guzerat breed (Bos taurus indicus). Body weight, body 1991; Price and Wallach, 1991b). condition, testicular measurements and semen quality Many studies have characterized development were recorded. Semen collection attempts were of reproductive traits in Bos taurus taurus breeds performed by electro-ejaculation at 3-months intervals, (Jiménez-Severiano, 2002; Landaeta-Hernández et al., starting at 14 months of age. Thirty-eight sexually 2001). Libido of young bulls is essential for fertilization inexperienced males were used to evaluate the of females and still deserves further investigation in Bos exhibition of sexual behavior at two age ranges: 12.1 to taurus taurus (Boyd et al., 1991) and particularly in Bos 17.4 months of age (G1) and 18.4 to 28.4 months (G2). taurus indicus breeds. Puberty and sexual maturity Each male was evaluated individually (IND) or in occur later in Bos taurus indicus bulls when compared groups under competition (COM); (5 males per group) to Bos taurus taurus bulls (Vale-Filho et al., 1986; free in a pasture with 5 cows (3 in heat and 2 not in heat). -
Pho300007 Risk Modeling and Screening for Brcai
?4 101111111111 PHO300007 RISK MODELING AND SCREENING FOR BRCAI MUTATIONS AMONG FILIPINO BREAST CANCER PATIENTS by ALEJANDRO Q. NAT09 JR. A Master's Thesis Submitted to the National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology College of Science University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City As Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY March 2003 In memory of my gelovedmother Mrs. josefina Q -Vato who passedaway while waitingfor the accomplishment of this thesis... Thankyouvery inuchfor aff the tremendous rove andsupport during the beautifil'30yearstfiatyou were udth me... Wom, you are he greatest! I fi)ve you very much! .And.. in memory of 4 collaborating 6reast cancerpatients who passedaway during te course of this study ... I e.Vress my deepest condolence to your (overtones... Tou have my heartfeligratitude! 'This tesis is dedicatedtoa(the 37 cofla6oratingpatients who aftruisticaffyjbinedthisstudyfor te sake offuture generations... iii This is to certify that this master's thesis entitled "Risk Modeling and Screening for BRCAI Mutations among Filipino Breast Cancer Patients" and submitted by Alejandro Q. Nato, Jr. to fulfill part of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology was successfully defended and approved on 28 March 2003. VIRGINIA D. M Ph.D. Thesis Ad RIO SUSA B. TANAEL JR., M.Sc., M.D. Thesis Co-.A. r Thesis Reader The National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology endorses acceptance of this master's thesis as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. -
Proc1-Beginning Chapters.Pmd
Implications of Breed Type Evaluations Larry V. Cundiff Research Leader, Genetics and Breeding Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Clay Center, NE ()(,) Introduction 23.3 Quality, quantity, and cost of feed resources available for beef production vary from one region of the country to another and within regions, depending upon climatic factors and natural 23.3 resources available in specific production 14.8 situations. Diversity among breeds can be exploited by crossbreeding to optimize performance levels 8.5 and to match genetic resources with the climatic environment, feed resources, and consumer Percent preferences for lean and tender beef products. 8.5 Crossbreeding also provides for significant benefits 14.8 of heterosis on components of production efficiency. In this presentation, research results will be reviewed focusing on effects and utilization of 8.5 8.5 heterosis and breed differences, and on the importance of matching genetic potential with Straightbred Straightbred X-bred consumer preferences and the climatic cows cows cows environment. straightbred X-bred X-bred calves calves calves Heterosis Figure 1. Cumulative effects of heterosis for weight of calf weaned per cow exposed to breeding in crosses A crossbreeding experiment involving of Hereford, Angus, and Shorthorns (Cundiff et al., Herefords, Angus, and Shorthorns demonstrated 1974). that weaning weight per cow was increased by about 23% (Cundiff et al., 1974) due to beneficial was significantly greater than that of either effects of heterosis on survival and growth of straightbred Angus or Herefords (Nunez et al., crossbred calves and on reproduction rate and 1991; Cundiff et al., 1992).