William Millard Wolford Family of Fayette County, West Virginia The First and Second Generations

Jay Wolford

First Edition

1 Table of Contents

Introduction to my genealogy ...... 4

Lagniappe- ...... 4 The First and Second Generations ...... 5 Chapter 1- William Millard Wolford ...... 8

Sarah Ann Taylor ...... 9 Mary V. Light ...... 10 Chapter 2- William and Sarah's Children ...... 14

Annie M. Wolford- Fayette County ...... 14 William. Millard Wolford Jr.- Mercer County ...... 15 Ethel Chamilia Wolford - Wayne County ...... 17 Chapter 3- William and Mary's Children ...... 19

Charles Calvin Charley Wolford - Fayette County ...... 19 Bertha Wolford - Mason County ...... 23 Eddie C. Wolford - Fayette County ...... 24 Wilson Winfred Wolford- Raleigh County ...... 24 Henry H. Wolford - Marion, Ohio ...... 25

Ola Myrtle Wolford - Mason County ...... 26 Violet Maria Wolford - Fayette County ...... 27 Frank Wolford - Fayette County ...... 28 Introduction to Research Notes ...... 30 Timelines for Individuals ...... 31 Appendix A- William Millard Wolford Timeline ...... 31

Appendix A1- Sarah Ann Taylor Timeline ...... 31 Appendix A2- Mary V. Light Timeline ...... 32 Appendix B- Annie Mae Wolford Timeline ...... 33

Appendix B1- John N Shuff Timeline ...... 33 Appendix C- William Millard Wolford Jr. Timeline ...... 35

Appendix C1- Pauline Isabell Belle Godbey Timeline ...... 36 Appendix D - Ethel Chamilia Wolford Timeline ...... 38

Appendix D1 - James Salem Shuff Timeline ...... 38 Appendix E - Charles Calvin Charley Wolford Timeline ...... 40

Appendix E1 - Dovie Savannah Rogers Timeline ...... 42 Appendix K - Bertha Wolford Timeline ...... 44

Appendix K1- John A Halstead ...... 44 Appendix L - Eddie C. Wolford Timeline ...... 46 Appendix M - Wilson Winfred Wolford Timeline ...... 47

2 Appendix M1 - Nancy Ellen Roebuck Timeline ...... 47 Appendix N - Henry H. Wolford Timeline ...... 49

Appendix N1 - Gladys Iva Austin Timeline ...... 49 Appendix O - Ola Myrtle Wolford Timeline ...... 51

Appendix O1 - Andy Floyd Roberts Timeline ...... 51 Appendix P - Violet Maria Wolford Timeline ...... 53

Appendix P1 - Everett Estle Coleman Timeline ...... 54 Appendix Q - Frank Wolford Timeline ...... 56 Historical and Contextual Resources ...... 58 Appendix 1 - A West Virginia Timeline 1650-1750 ...... 58

Appendix 1a - A West Virginia Timeline 1750-1800 ...... 58 Appendix 1b - A West Virginia Timeline 1800-1850 ...... 59 17501800-1850 ...... 59 Appendix 1c - A West Virginia Timeline 1850-1870 ...... 60 Appendix 1d - A West Virginia Timeline 1870-1895 ...... 61 Appendix 1e - A West Virginia Timeline 1895- 1920 ...... 62 Appendix 1f - A West Virginia Timeline 1920-1940 ...... 62 Appendix 1g - A West Virginia Timeline 1940-1965 ...... 63 Appendix 1h- A West Virginia Timeline 1965-Present ...... 64 Appendix 2 - Meadow Bridge ...... 66 Appendix 3 - Deepwater-Tidewater- Virginian Railway ...... 67 Appendix 4 - WM and Paulina Wolford Runaway Tragedy ...... 68 Appendix 5 - Timeline of Generations ...... 69 Appendix 6 - Genealogy Source Records Checklist ...... 70 Appendix 7- West Virginia Coal Mines ...... 71

3 Introduction to my genealogy

This book is a first work. There will be corrections, changes, and factual errors. I just know it! I'm starting with my ancestor Wolfords in Fayette county, West Virginia, because that's what I have to start with. The straight line is from William Millard Wolford, who married Mary V Light on 24 October 1895. Their oldest son, Charles Calvin Wolford married Dovie Suvannah Rogers, and they had a huge family, from which I am descended. The descendants of Charley and Dovey have held reunions for years. In 2014, I had the honor of attending the first one in over twenty five years! My cousins brought stories, pictures, and original documents that filled in many of the blanks. Without them, there is no story. Th process I used starts with basic genealogy: start with the known facts, collect as much evidence as possible, then organize the facts into individual person timelines. Once there is a preponderance of evidence about the individual, I start to write a short narrative (2-3 paragraphs). If there are gaps in the record, I will try to either find the evidence, or failing records, I try to fill in the needed information with just the most basic assumptions. As I move through each person, I collect lots of new information about descendants, history, and hopefully, pictures. While I'm collecting information about the living descendants, this work is intended to record, accurately and honestly, our non-living ancestors. Lagniappe- In my book, you get regular genealogy (facts, records, citations, images), pictures, maps, and serious context. By context I mean history, sociology, geology, anthropology, linguistics, and myths. One of the most important lessons I gained from my Deaf parents is the need to be constantly curious: if I don't understand something, look it up, figure it out, make it make sense to me. Not just the big, complicated stuff, but the little everyday stuff. Look it up. Don't take any fact for granted. Be hungry for what you do not know. In life, and in genealogy, it's always the little details that provide the big picture.

"Life is what happens to us while we are making other plans." Allen Saunders— Publishers Syndicate

4 The First and Second Generations

This is a standard genealogy report called a descendant report. It's a structured retelling of facts, in a format that is defined by genealogy standards. I will use this as our starting point- these are the people I plan to cover in this book. I hope you read past this part to hear their life stories!

WILLIAM MILLARD WOLFORD was born on 13 Feb 1858 in Gallia, Ohio, United States. He died on 01 Feb 1919 in Kincaid, Fayette, West Virginia, USA. He married (1) SARAH ANN TAYLOR (daughter of Thomas TAYLOR and America Jane JORDON) on 10 Jul 1884 in Mason, West Virginia, United States. She was born on 04 Jun 1868 in Mason County, West Virginia, USA. She died about 1894 in West Virginia. He married MARY V LIGHT. She was born on 12 May 1870 in Fayette, West Virginia, USA. She died on 18 Sep 1934 in Kincaid, Fayette, West Virginia, United States (Age: 64).

William Millard WOLFORD and Sarah Ann TAYLOR had the following children: ANNIE MAE WOLFORD (daughter of William Millard WOLFORD and Sarah Ann TAYLOR) was born in May 1886 in West Virginia. She died in Feb 1971 in Fairfax, Fairfax, Virginia, USA

5 (source Donna Whitley-Smith). She married JOHN N SHUFF. He was born on 15 Feb 1876 in Mingo County, West Virginia, USA. He died in 1962 in Salem, Culpeper, Virginia, USA.

WILLIAM MILLARD WM WOLFORD (son of William Millard WOLFORD and Sarah Ann TAYLOR) was born on 03 Apr 1887 in Hurricane, Putnam, W.Va. He died in Apr 1977 in Princeton, Mercer, West Virginia, USA (Age: 90). He married Paulina Isabell Belle Godbey (daughter of Alexander Campbell Godbey and Elizabeth Catherine Pettry) on 19 Oct 1907 in Raleigh, West Virginia, United States. She was born on 02 Mar 1892 in Raleigh County, West Virginia, USA. She died on 26 Jan 1948 in Mercer County, West Virginia, USA (Age: 55).

ETHEL CHAMILIA WOLFORD (daughter of William Millard WOLFORD and Sarah Ann TAYLOR) was born on 03 Mar 1890 in Fayette, West Virginia, United States. She died on 13 Jan 1935 in Wayne, West Virginia, United States. She married James Salem SHUFF (son of Shuff) on 07 May 1908 in Fayette, West Virginia, United States. He was born on 18 May 1884 in Logan, West Virginia, USA.

William Millard WOLFORD and Mary V LIGHT had the following children:

CHARLES CALVIN CHARLEY WOLFORD (son of William Millard WOLFORD and Mary V LIGHT) was born on 03 Apr 1896 in Kincaid, Fayette, West Virginia, USA. He died on 14 Mar 1965 in Montgomery, Fayette, West Virginia, USA (Charles Calvin died of a cerebal hemorrage at age 68.). He married Dovie Suvannah ROGERS (daughter of William C ROGERS and Melvina Ardelia CROOKSHANKS) date Unknown. She was born on 13 Apr 1896 in Ramsey, Fayette, West Virginia, USA (from obit). She died on 19 Mar 1973 in Beards Fork, Fayette, West Virginia, United States (Age at Death: 76).

BERTHA WOLFORD (daughter of William Millard WOLFORD and Mary V LIGHT) was born on 06 May 1898 in Kanawha, Fayette, West Virginia, USA. She died on 25 Jan 1978 in Gallia County, Gallia, Ohio, United States (Age at Death: 79). She married JOHN A HALSTEAD. He was born on 14 Mar 1885 in Scott District, Boone, West Virginia. He died on 23 Apr 1934 in Mason, West Virginia, United States.

WILSON WINFRED WOLFORD (son of William Millard WOLFORD and Mary V LIGHT) was born on 15 Dec 1901 in West Virginia, USA. He died on 08 Oct 1971 in Beckley, Raleigh, West Virginia, USA. He married Nancy Ellen ROEBUCK in 1923 in Raleigh, West Virginia, United States. She was born on 26 May 1904 in Barbour, West Virginia, USA. She died in Jul 1987 in Beckley, Raleigh, West Virginia, USA.

EDDIE C WOLFORD (son of William Millard WOLFORD and Mary V LIGHT) was born on 09 Oct 1899 in Loopcreek, Page, W.Va. He died on 14 Feb 1902.

6 HENRY H WOLFORD (son of William Millard WOLFORD and Mary V LIGHT) was born on 17 Apr 1903 in Page, Fayette, West Virginia. He died on 27 Oct 1953 in Marion, Ohio, USA. He married GLADYS. She was born about 1912 in Ohio.

OLA MYRTLE WOLFORD (daughter of William Millard WOLFORD and Mary V LIGHT) was born on 11 Aug 1906 in Kincaid, Fayette, West Virginia, USA. She died on 31 Mar 1932 in Logan, West Virginia, United States. She married ANDY FLOYD ROBERTS. He was born on 25 Mar 1884 in Carroll, Virginia, USA. He died in Aug 1968 in Jarrettsville, Harford, Maryland, USA.

VIOLET MARIA WOLFORD (daughter of William Millard WOLFORD and Mary V LIGHT) was born on 12 May 1908 in Kanawha City, Fayette, West Virginia, USA. She died on 27 Aug 1983 in Oak Hill, Fayette, West Virginia, USA. She married EVERETT ESTLE COLEMAN (son of William Shrader COLEMAN and Mary Frances KIRK) on 01 May 1926 in Robson, Fayette, West Virginia, USA. He was born on 02 Nov 1904 in Kanawha, Fayette, West Virginia. He died on 16 Jan 1972 in Sarah Ann, Logan, West Virginia, United States of America.

FRANK WOLFORD (son of William Millard WOLFORD and Mary V LIGHT) was born on 07 May 1910 in Page, Fayette, West Virginia, USA. He died on 07 May 1965 in Fayette, West Virginia, USA (Disabled miner).

7 Chapter 1- William Millard Wolford

I'm starting with my great great grandfather1, who brought our family to Fayette county sometime around 1890. William Millard Wolford2 was born in Bladen, Ohio Township, Gallia county, Ohio on 13 Feb 1858. His parents were Calvin Wolford (1834-1919) and Elizabeth Eliza Pritchard (1840-1910). Calvin, who had served in the Ohio Infantry, moved the family to Hannan, Mason, West Virginia sometime in the 1870's. This was not a big move- they crossed the Ohio river into the next county. After they settled into farming in Hannan, William first married a 16 year old Sarah Ann Taylor on 10 July 1884 in Mason County. William and Sarah had Annie M. (1886-?), William Millard "WM" Jr. (1887-1977), and Ethel Chamilia (1890-1935). Sarah died sometime between 1890 and 1895, most likely in Fayette county. The picture on this book cover is of William and Sarah.

Why would he migrate three counties over to Fayette? Coal. They started out in Mason, and moved to Putnam county, and ended up in Fayette. Once the railroads through West Virginia were finished in 1883 it became feasible to get the coal out of the mountains cheaply and reliably. Companies set up, hired workers, built coal camps, and attracted people from all around the country, and even from other countries. William then married his second wife, a 25 year old Mary V. Light on 24 Oct 1895 in Fayette county. They had Charles Calvin (1896-1965), Bertha (1898-1978), Eddie C (1899-1902), Wilson Winfred (1901-1971), Henry Halbert (1903-1953), Ola Myrtle (1906-1932), Violet Maria (1908-1983), and Frank (1910-1965).

1 William Millard Wolford- Charles Calvin Wolford- Charles Treford Wolford- Charles Armon Wolford- Jay Wolford.

2 William Millard Wolford Timeline, Appendix A 8 After moving to Fayette county, William worked as a day laborer, doing odd jobs until a couple of years before his death at 5 p.m. on 13 Feb 1919, on his 61st birthday. He had a rare condition called Aortitis, a chronic inflammation of the aorta, usually brought on by either an auto immune disorder (like lupus) or some type of viral infection. His heart got worse, and he went into kidney failure caused by nephritis, probably caused by the same thing that caused his Aortitis. They buried him at Ingram Branch, Fayette, West Virginia a couple of days later. Mary outlived him by 15 years, and still had six kids and a grandchild to raise!

Sarah Ann Taylor Sarah Ann Taylor3, the first wife of William Millard Wolford was born 4 June 1868 in Hannan, Mason, West Virginia to Thomas Taylor (1823-) and America Jane Jordan (1822-1885). Her parents were both also born in Hannan4. She was the first of her siblings to be born in the new state of West Virginia.

Originally a part of Virginia, the counties that now make up West Virginia refused to ratify the secession vote in 1861. Mountains did not translate into cotton plantations, like in Virginia, which meant the people of Western Virginia were not going to use slaves, and more importantly, we're not going to send their sons to war over the issue. West Virginia seceded from Virginia, a state that had itself already seceded from the USA. It may not have only been the economics- take a look at the cultural heritage; western

3 Sarah Ann Taylor Timeline, Appendix B

4 This means they probably are early settlers. 9 Virginia was made up of English people who escaped the plantations of Ireland, Germans who escaped involuntary military service for royalty that rented them out to the highest bidder, and Irish immigrants who were justifiably afraid of their government. These independent peoples counted family before government, often trusting their neighbors before they trusted the law.

Virginia joined the Confederate States of America at the beginning of the civil war. Instead of staying with Virginia, in 1863 Western Virginia became a new state with the motto "Montani Semper Liberi" ("Mountaineers are Always Free”). Sarah Ann grew up on a farm, and married at sixteen. She had three children with William and died soon after. Family stories say that Sarah gave birth to a fourth child, Clarence Eugene in early 1895; infant and mother passed away a week later. No records have yet been found to show that birth or her death.

Mary V. Light Mary5, William’s second wife and widow, was born 12 May 1866 in Fayette county, WV to Morris H. Light (1848-1905) and Amanda Jane Johnson (1843-1913). When she married him, he was a widower with three kids, ages 9, 8, and 5. When they married on 24 October 1895, she was also four months pregnant6 with their first child, Charles Calvin Wolford. They went on to have eight children together. They bought a house outright (no mortgage) around 1905 in Kincaid, and by 1910, it was full! Mary had seven children, was expecting her eighth, had one child that died as an infant (Eddie), and had two miscarriages. The oldest, Annie had a daughter, Virginia Opal Wolford in 1903, and had taken work as a servant in Fayetteville. William Jr. married Pauline Belle Godbey in 1907. Ethel married James Salem

5 Mary V. Light Appendix C.

6 We assume that Charley is William's child, but DNA testing has not yet been done. 10 Shuff on the 7th of May 1908. Charley was still in school, which was unusual for kids his age- most had already gone to work. The house was made up of William and Mary, and the kids they had together.

In the summer of 1914, World War I began, and the United States was trying to remain uninvolved. Charley had fallen in love with Dovie Savannah Rogers, and they would get married on 17 December 1914. By 1917 though, things were starting to get rough. The US decided to send it's first troops to France and all American men were required to register for the draft. "The war destroyed kings, kaisers, czars and sultans; it demolished empires; it introduced chemical weapons, tanks and airborne bombing; it brought millions of women into the work force, hastening their legal right to vote. It gave independence to nations like Ukraine, Poland and the Baltic countries and created new nations in the Middle East with often arbitrary borders; it brought about major cultural changes, including a new understanding of the psychology of war, of “shell shock” and post- traumatic stress."- Steven Erlanger, The New York Times

11 William Millard Sr. started getting too sick to work. He had fevers, was weak, his muscles ached, his blood pressure ran high, he would barely make urine, and when he did, it was bloody. Was this Lupus? Systemic lupus would not be identified until 1941, 22 years after he died. Wilson and Henry got jobs at the Hutchinson Lumber Co. saw mill7, dropping out of school to support the family. In 1919, when her father died, Bertha, the oldest daughter at home, became pregnant with James Wolford. The father's name does not appear in records. James later sacrificed his life for his country at Normandy, France. Mary might have been grateful for the extra help around the house with so many kids- but it was another mouth to feed.

They toughed it out as a family for a couple of years, before the kids started moving off and starting their own families. Bertha married John A. Halstead (1885-1934), and moved away to Marsh Fork, Raleigh, WV. John adopted James Norton, and made him a Halstead. They went onto have six more children. Ola Myrtle married Floyd Roberts (1884-1968), a man twenty two years older, in 1922. She died shortly after the birth of their fourth child, in 1932. Wilson married Nancy Ellen Roebuck (1904-1987) in 1923. They had one son, Rev. Guy William Wolford (1926-1992).

Violet Maria married Everett Estle Coleman (1904-1972) in 1926. They stayed in Fayette county, raising six children. That left baby Frank, 16 year sold, at home with his mother, Mary. He did not leave home until she passed in 1934. Frank never married, worked coal mines his entire life.

7 Appendix D- Meadow Bridge, WV 12 Loop Creek Colliery

William Millard Wolford's journey from Gallia, OH to Kincaid, WV included two wives and eleven children. The child of a civil war soldier, he saw railroads cross the country, coal become king, and with World War I, the end of the kings and queens that ran the old world. His descendants would build their lives in the amazing twentieth century.

13 Chapter 2- William and Sarah's Children Annie M. Wolford- Fayette County

Annie (1886-after 1965) was the first daughter to William and Sarah. In 1902, she gave birth to a daughter named Virginia Opal Wolford (1903-), but no birth records exist to show the father. Annie got a job as a servant in the home of Lewis C. Frazie in Oak Hill, WV., and Opal is living with her. Anna fell in love with and married John Shuff (who adopts Virginia Opal) , and they move to Williamson, Mingo, WV closer to the rest of the Shuff family. She is also raising Julia Belle Shuff, John’s child from his first wife. On the 1920 census, two men are listed as boarders- Fred and Roy Stamper. Violet ends up marrying their brother, Thomas Lee Stamper.

John and Anna move to Princeton, Mercer, WV. Annie’s brother William had some success with auto service, and John's brother Fred had opened up a grocery store. Opal is now listed as John’s stepdaughter, and there are also four Stamper kids living with John and Annie! The kids are listed as John’s nephews? The 1940 Census has a middle aged Mr. and Mrs. Shuff raising their last girl, Shirley Fay, and the last grandson, James G. “Jimmie” Stamper. Altogether, Annie and John raised Virginia Opal Wolford-Shuff (1903-1969), Julia Belle Shuff (1906-1990), Eugene Roy Shuff Sr. (1918-2005), Erma E. Shuff (1921-1965), and baby Shirley Faye (1924-L). Opal would marry Thomas Lee Stamper (1899-1969), Julia Belle married Charles Tisset Dawson (1902-1930) and later Walter V. Keating (1898-1975). Eugene Roy Shuff would marry Omelia Price (1920-1982). Erma married Alfred Augustine Rader (1919-1961), and Shirley Faye married Gerald Ernest Whitley (1910-2000).

14 In the early 1950's, John and Anna move to Salem, VA. They live there together until John's death in 1962. Anne stays there until after her oldest daughter, Virginia Opal Wolford-Stamper-Paff dies in 1969. Annie then moves in with her youngest, Shirley Faye Shuff-Whitley in Fairfax, VA. She passed at Fairfax Hospital in 1971 of cancer.

William. Millard Wolford Jr.- Mercer County

Her brother, William Millard Wolford Jr.8 was born 3 April 1887 in Hurricane, Putnam, West Virginia. Called WM, he lives at home with his new and growing family until 1907, when he (aged 20) falls in love and marries 15 year old Paulina Isabell Godbey from Prosperity, Raleigh, WV. Her father states she is 16 on the marriage record, but she was actually 15.

8 Appendix F- William Millard Wolford Jr. 15 They rented their first place on Prosperity road in Prosperity, WV, with Paulina's family as neighbors nearby. Most everybody in the area worked in some way with the Eccles Coal Mine in nearby Eccles, WV. A year later, they had their first daughter, Maria (1909-). Earlier that same year, William Sr. also had a daughter in Kincaid named Violet Maria Wolford, which meant that WM had a new half sister the same age as his daughter. They had another daughter, Chloe Evelyn (1911-1987). When Chloe was only twelve weeks old, the whole family was involved in a terrible tragedy. While taking the family out for a horse-driven wagon ride, the horses were spooked by an automobile. They ran wild, and everyone was thrown except one child and Paulina: she was caught on the side and was severely injured. She almost didn't survive. Libby was born in 1912. While no death records exist, Maria, the first daughter must have died about this time. The car accident lists two children, and Chloe wasn't born yet. In 1914, an explosion at Eccles No. 5 mine killed 180 men. I think WM decided on a career change, and decided to start working on cars. A couple of years after the Eccles disaster, he moved his family into Beckley, WV and worked as a mechanic for a taxi cab business. By 1920, he owned his own garage in Beckley. About 40 miles south, a town called Bluefield, in Mercer county, was experiencing massive growth. The Pocahontas coal fields had become the biggest producing fields in the world. The boom brought money, jobs, and explosive growth. Per capita auto ownership was the highest in the nation, residents often complained of gridlock. Jr. and Paulina sold the house, the garage, and moved to Bluefield for a chance at prosperity.

He starts working at the Virginian Motor Company as a mechanic and within a couple of years he owns Wolford’s Garage, 101 Straley Street. They buy a house on Front street. Things are starting to look up- until Black Tuesday, 29 October 1929. With the stock market crash, the Great Depression began in financial markets and spread like a virus throughout the US and world economy. Coal production slowed to a stop, jobs dried up, and with them the money to pay for housing, food, and cars dropped down to nothing. Wolford’s Garage became Wolford’s Wrecking company in 1933, collecting wrecks and junk cars, then selling the parts.

Tragedy struck in the spring of 1934, when his half- sister’s (Bertha) husband was found drowned in the Kanawha river. This was within a

16 week of the death of Paulina’s brother Dr. Martin Van Buren Godbey, in Charleston. His sister, Ethel Chamilia, married to John Shuff and living in Lincoln, WV was diagnosed with gastric cancer, and passed the following winter. All of that on top of the Depression- by 1940, the value of his house fell 30%. Paulina then had a stroke requiring surgery and a long recovery. Chloe married Nicholas Ivan Leshkow (1912-1989) on 15 Oct 1939. Libby married Dan Matthews Akers (1912-1986) on 16 March 1941. After the baby chicks flew the nest, WM and. Pauline had the house to themselves for about seven years. They renamed the service station the Blue Flame Oil Co.. Sadly, Paulina died of a heart attack in Jan 1948. Later, WM moved to 606 Mercer Street a block from the station, and retiring to. Daytona Beach, Florida. He died in April 1977, and was buried next to Paulina.

Ethel Chamilia Wolford - Wayne County William and Sarah's last child, Ethel9 Chamilia Wolford was born 3 March 1890 in Fayette county. Sarah dies shortly after this, although death records have not yet been found. When she was five, her father remarried and started having a bunch of little brothers and sisters- she wasn't the baby anymore. Her step mother probably had Ethel help take care of the kids, since she didn't marry until 18- later than the rest of her sisters. She fell in love with a car mechanic named James Salem10 Shuff (a brother to her sister's husband John Shuff) and they married 7 May 1908 in Kincaid. James, who used to go by his middle name Salem, was 24 and was already a widower when they married. He grew up in Grant, Wayne county, and had worked farms with his daddy since he was a young teen. Ethel and Salem had Clarence in 1909, and Salem went to work as a conductor on the railroad.

9 Appendix H -Ethel Chamilia Wolford Timeline

10 Appendix I - James Salem Shuff Timeline 17

They bought a place in Lincoln, Wayne, WV and Salem started working mines. They had six children altogether, Clarence (1909-1979), Lawrence A. (1913-1967), Carl A. (1917-1999), Herbert Ray (1919-), Margie (1922-), Tressie Madaline 1924-2013). By the time Tressie had turned five, Ethel must have been getting sick with gastric cancer11- they hired Pauline Brown (who also had a daughter Catherine Brown) as a servant to help out with the house and the kids. Gastric cancer take a years to develop, but the end of the disease leaves a body weak and in lots of pain. After 1940, the rate of gastric cancer dropped by 90%. Why? Two reasons- first, GE made cheap home refrigeration available in 1930, and second, West Virginia (and many other states) rural electrification started in 1937. At the height of the depression, Ethel passed away on 13 Jan 1935 in Wayne county, WV at just 44 years of age.

11 Gastric cancer was the most common kind of cancer that caused death before 1940. It is caused by a combination of factors: smoking, H. pylori bacteria, obesity, eating smoked or cured meats, and eating pickled instead of fresh vegetables. 18 Chapter 3- William and Mary's Children

Charles Calvin Charley Wolford - Fayette County

My great grandfather, Charley12, was born 3 April 1896 in Kincaid, Fayette, WV. Unlike William Sr.'s first three kids, he was the first child with Mary V. Light he attended school later than his older siblings- probably because the family was starting to experience a little more success. The home that they rented in 1900 is bought out by his father before 1910. His older half-siblings by then had all moved out and started their own families.

In 1914, he met Dovie Savannah Rogers, a young girl from down the road in Deepwater. She had gotten pregnant by a Kincaid boy, who would not take responsibility for his child. They fell in love, and married on 17 Dec 1914 in Deepwater. One of the witnesses was Dovie's mother. Eureka Pearl was born the following March. They had a huge family! Reka (1915-1995), Calvin Tyree (1915-1915), Charles Treford (1916-1989), Izola Milvina (1918-1980), Shelby David (1920-1991), Ivory Myrtle (1921-1973), Eugene Melvin

12 Appendix J - Charles Calvin Charley Wolford Timeline 19 (1922-2004), Waveline Dare (1924-1986), Kenneth Noble (1927-1997), Lafalda Jane (1929-2005), Earl and Pearl (twins) (1932-1932), and baby Leafy Ann (1935-2011). Charley started working for Kanawha River and Rail Co. as a laborer in 1914, and stayed with them after the Loop Creek Collery opened in 1919. They lived a couple doors down from Dovie's step father and mother, Marion Philpott and Melvina Crookshanks-Rogers-Philpott. By 1924, he started working at Loop Creek; they had built a coal tipple13 which was the largest building in the world- a mile long. With the new job came a chance to rent a coal camp house, and to move away from his in laws. Within a year, they were renting a four room house ($7 a month) with an outhouse and a garden. They had seven children at the time.

Within five years, they were up to ten children! The rent went up slowly, it crept up to $8 a month. Charley was a still a motorman at the coal mines, Reka had left school to help take care of the kids, and Lafaulda Jane was still an infant. As the country sank into depression, and the demand for coal began to dwindle, in 1932 Dovie gave birth to stillborn twins. Reka married Marshall Gibson (1912-1999) in 1932, and their daughter Dreama Gay Marshall (1933-1992) was born in 1933. Charley was injured in an accident at the coal mine. He "broke his back" and they brought him home from the mines in the back of a buckboard wagon. He spent months at home recovering, without pay, until he was well enough to return to work. In 1935, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed the National Labor Relations Act into law, creating protections for all workers, which created changes in the coal mines. The final years of the depression may have been slow and hard, but things moved fast in Charley's house. In 1937 a pregnant16 year old Ivory Myrtle marries George Edward Griffis (1916-1986), then Treford married a young widow named Alma Hazel Tincher (1914-1976). In 1938 Shelby David marries Delorse Myria Goss (1923-1967). By 1940, Izola moves off to Cleveland to find work, and they are down to five kids at home. Charley, still a motorman at the mine, is paying $9 a month for the four room house, where he has

13 A tipple is a building that takes coal from the mine entrance and loads it down onto railroad cars. The Beards Fork tipple connected two mountains. 20 built a double seater outhouse! That same year, a pregnant Waveline Dare marries her beau Robert Lee Keller (1922-1999) in his family's hometown in KY. The next year, a month before Pearl Harbor, Eugene marries Merle Lurline Smith (1923-1974). In 1942, all US men, regardless of age, have to register for the draft. Charley is described as 46 years old, 5’7”, 160 lbs, with brown eyes gray hair, and a ruddy complexion.

At the end of the war, Kenneth Noble enlists in the military, and in 1946 Lafalda Jane marries William Eugene Manley (1926-2009). That was the same year that Koppers was forced to divide the massive public utility company holdings (a multi-state monopoly) into separate smaller companies; the mine at Beards Fork became Eastern Gas and Fuel Co. By the end of the 1940’s Charley and Dovie only had baby Leafy at home, and started to think about retirement. They start to get their affairs in order: an official birth certificate and an official marriage license. Izola moved back from Cleveland to Institute, WV with her new husband Kenneth Manley McCroden (1908-1949). Charley is recognized for 25 years of service at the mine.

21 Leafy Anne moved to Bloomington, IL with her oldest brother Treford in 1951. A year later, she married Charles Richard Zimmerman (1934-1980). In 1952, the Beards Fork mine workers go on strike- a doctor hired by the mine wasn't given adequate housing and refused to stay. Eastern Fuel and Gas hired nurses instead. The mine relented, and the strike was resolved. A few months later, miners were given a chance to buy the houses they had rented all those years. Charley and Dovie put down $225 and agreed to pay $40 a month until they made the whole $450 house deposit. They bought the house in February of 1953 for $2250.

Coal prices started to climb around 1900 and peaked in 1940. By 1960, the price for coal had dropped so low that most mines could not stay open. The Beards Fork mine, where Charley had worked since 1924, was closed. In 1962 Charley and Dovie took out a loan, using their furniture as collateral: they had a TV set, a radio, a refrigerator, a coal heating stove, a Maytag washing machine (wringer), a desk and a chair, a living room set (2 pieces), a bed room set (3 pieces), a sewing machine, iron and ironing board, and 3 linoleum rugs. Not on that list? The children and grandchildren!

The Wolford family had an annual family reunion every 4th of July at Charley and Dovie’s place. The grandkids grew up together, making friendships that would last a lifetime. These reunions would continue for years after Charley passed, which was on 14 March 1965 of a cerebral hemorrhage (stroke). Dovie lived for eight years longer than Charley, dying at 5:30 p.m. on 19 Mar 1973 of a heart attack.

22 Bertha Wolford - Mason County Bertha was born 6 May 1898 in the Kanawha district of Fayette Founty, West Virginia. She lives at home until after her father's death in 1919. On the 1920 Census, she is living with her mother, her nine month old son, James Wolford and her siblings. Wilson and Henry left school to work at the saw mill to support the family, Myrtle, Violet, and. Frank were still in school. No records have yet been found for James birth, or Bettha's marriage to John A. Halstead (1885-1934), on the 1930 census they report getting married around 1920. They moved to a rented farm in Marsh Fork, Raleigh County, and together they had; James Norton Wolford-Halstead (1919 – 1944), Eugene Paul Halstead (1921 – 1981), Herman Lee Halstead (1923 – 1986), Samuel Edward Halstead (1925 – L), Millard William Halstead (1927 – 1994), Mary Madeline Halstead (1929 – 2003), Florence Louise Halstead (1931 – 2002), Elizabeth Lucille Halstead (1932 – 2003), Lawrence Halstead (1933-1945). John had grown up in Scott, Mason County, WV, and he moved the whole family back there during the depression. He had also worked coal mines for most of his life. In the spring of 1934, John went down to Point Pleasant, WV to buy a team of horses. He was planning on using them on the farm as well as to hire out as a driver. But he never made it back. He was found six weeks later, drowned in the Kanawha river. The condition of the body was such that no other cause could be identified, it was ruled an accidental drowning. He left behind a thirty-six year old widow, Bertha and eight children still at home.

Bertha managed to buy a farm in Robinson, Mason, WV in 1935. James and Herman have moved out, Eugene is working the farm. Pear Harbor signaled the start of US involvement in World War II on 7 Dec 1941. James, Eugene, Herman, and Sam, her four oldest boys, all enlisted. James Norton was killed in action during the invasion of Normandy, 16 June 1944. Eugene Paul came back from the war, and married Mary Lou Knotts (1928-L). Herman served in India, and came back in 1947. Sam was shot in the chin in Strasbourg, France in 1945. He came home and married Helen Zuspan (1925-L) and they had four children. Millard stayed in the Point Pleasant area- he married Betty Gay Jackson (1927-2002). Mary Madeline married Jack Bernard Bocook (1927-2003) and

23 they built a life in Indianapolis, IN, then later in Ashland, KY, where they are buried. Florence Louise married Dale Taylor (1931-L) and they had six children, settling in Millwood, Jackson County, WV. Elizabeth Lucille married Christopher Harve Bauer (1927-2010), and they lived out their lives in Point Pleasant. Lawrence died as a child.

Eddie C. Wolford - Fayette County

Eddie appears only on the 1900 census as an eight month old boy. There are no death nor burial records.

Wilson Winfred Wolford- Raleigh County

Wilson was born 15 December 1901 in Hamilton Branch, Fayette, WV. Mary had a miscarriage the November before. He grew up in the large family at Kincaid, and once his father died when he was 18, he started working at the saw mill. He served in the army, where he learned how to work on cars. When he came back, he settled in Beckley, about 25 miles from home, and where he would spend the rest of his life. He fell in love with Nancy Ellen Roebuck (1904-1987) a local girl from Cranberry, WV whose father was

24 born in England. They married 19 August 1923. Wilson was working at a local garage, and soon saved up enough money to buy a house at 103 Beech Street in Beckley. Years later, the extension of Route 16 required the house to be moved, so they picked it up whole and moved to 503 N. Oakwood Ave!

Wilson eventually owned his own garage, Wolford's Garage in Beckley, until he retired in 1952. They had one son, George William Wolford (1926-1992) who worked as a Church of Christ minister in Kentucky, Virginia, and West Virginia. Wilson died of a stroke on 8 October 1971 at Summers County Hospital. Nancy outlived him by sixteen years, and they are both buried at the Mausoleum at Sunset Memorial Park in Beckley.

Henry H. Wolford - Marion, Ohio

Henry was born 17 April 1903 in Page, Fayette, WV. Like his older brother Wilson, he stayed in school until his father died when he was sixteen, then he went to work at the saw mill, probably at Meadow

25 Bridge. Sometime in the 1920's he went to work for the Armco Steel Mill in Cincinnati, OH. he was involved in someone type of industrial accident there, which damaged his lungs severely. While recuperating, he met Gladys Iva Austin (1912-1992) and they married in her home town of Marion, OH on 10 May 1929 just as the depression started to close the steel mills.

They settled in Marion, where he got a life long job with the Marion Steam shovel Company. They had one son, Charles Clyde Wolford (1928-1973) a career military man. Gladys and Henry separated around 1949, in 1950 she has taken work as a live in maid. They divorced soon after that. Sadly, Henry died a long and painful death, suffering from severe lung disease for many years until he passed on 27 Oct 1953. He remained close to his brother Wilson, and the funeral was slightly delayed until Clyde could arrive from the base in Georgia. He was buried at Marion Cemetery, Marion, OH. Gladys went on to marry a Foster, she outlived both Henry and her son, dying in 1992.

Ola Myrtle Wolford - Mason County Olay Myrtle, William's twelfth child, was born in Kincaid, Fayette, WV on 11 Aug 1906. She stayed at home until she married at age sixteen to a thirty-eight year old divorcee by the name of Andy Floyd Roberts (1884-1968). He moved the family to Mason county, where they had Grace Roberts (1925-?),

26 William Lacy Roberts Sr. (1926-1998), Jean/Gene Collier Roberts (1929-2002), and Hazel Roberts (1930-1991).

Two years after the birth of her last child, she developed nephritis, a painful inflammation of the kidneys most often caused by an auto-immune disorder. It was the exact same problem that killed her father, William Milliard Wolford Sr. Her body was returned to Fayette County, where she was born. Her widower, Andy, moved the family back to his birthplace, Carroll County, VA. I have not yet made contact with her descendants.

Violet Maria Wolford - Fayette County

Violet Maria Wolford was born in Kanawha City, Fayette, WV on 12 May 1908. She stayed at home until she married Everett Estle Coleman (1904-1972); she was 18, he was 20. They were married on May Day, 1 May 1926 in Robson, Fayette, WV. Everett worked as a horse team and later as a truck driver

27 for the coal mines. They rented a house from the company, and raised their children there: Marjorie Coleman (1926-?), Willie Ray Coleman (1927 – 1978), Paul C Coleman (1929 – 2003), Carroll Estel Coleman (1932 – 1992), Evelyn Coleman (1934 – ?), and Billie Jean Coleman (1937 – 1995). I have not yet found living descendants, so the records are pretty sparse. Violet outlived Carroll by one year, 27 August 1983 in Oak Hill, a Fayette, WV. Frank Wolford - Fayette County

The last of William and Mary's children, Frank Wolford was born 7 May 1910 in Page, Fayette, WV. He grew up in that full house at Kincaid- his father died when he was only nine years old. The baby of the family, he stayed with his mother after all of his siblings had moved out and started their own families.

28 On the 1930 Census, he is listed as an unemployed coal miner. The codes for that census column no longer exist, so I'm not sure exactly why he was unemployed. Suffice it to say, though, the Great Depression was gaining steam in 1930, and the coal industry was heavily affected by the low demand. When he was twenty-four, Frank came home to find his mother dead from a stroke. He gave up the rental house and moved in with friends, Ed and Mary Murray. Frank and Ed were working together at the coal mines together.

Unites States of America Flag during World War II

He was drafted and served in WWII in the Army. He returned home to his friends, and lived with them until the day he died, on his birthday 7 May 1965, of an apparent heart attack. No burial records have yet been found.

29 Introduction to Research Notes

The magic of family history is finding clues, figuring out mysteries, and relating them to the people that made you. Each new relative teaches you something about who you are, and what it took to get to you. While it's not true 100% of the time! most clues tie you into related clues- like an odd name in your family will turn out to have been handed down for a few generations (Like my great Aunt Izola Milvina Wolford). Keeping a timeline and transcribing the evidence does two very important things. You retain it because you handled it. It also keeps a track record of what you have already found, so you don't spend a lot of time looking for the same information again. At first, I didn't like this method because it felt slow and kind of boring. I preferred the exciting find a tree, add a hundred relatives. Turns out, while I was excited about what I was doing, most of the people I added were never related to me! What follows are the timelines for each major character, provided of course, that they have passed on. I mention many living people in this book, but I only do research on their dead ancestors. Here's the format: year, date, location, document, transcribed notes. I try to highlight the person I'm using that record for. For example, if a census record has ten people counted, I try to highlight the exact person I'm using it for. Some things do not have a document that was created that day- like a person without a birth certificate. In that case, I will cite the documents that I used to come up with that date i.e. 1896- 3 April- Birth- (death record, 1900 census). There are two appendices: Timelines for individuals, and References for facts and context.

30 Timelines for Individuals

Appendix A- William Millard Wolford Timeline

1858- 13 Feb- born 1860- No records 1870- 3 Aug- US Federal Census- Ohio township, Gallia county, Ohio. • Wolford, Calvin, 32, male, white, farm laborer, born in Ohio, cannot read/write, male>21. • Eliza, 30, female, white, keeping house, born in Ohio, • William, 9, male, white, born in OH. • Florence, 7, female, white, born in OH. • James W. 4, male, white, born in OH. • John F., 1, male, white, born in OH. • Note: neighbor is Milton Wolford, 34, male, white, farm laborer, born in Ohio. Catherine OH, 38, Phillip OH, 19, Deborah A WV, 14, Rhoda E. WV, 9, Eustatia WV, 6, William WV, 3, Rebecca WV, Nov 1869. 1880- 22 June 1880- US Federal Census- Hannan district, Mason County, West Virginia. • Wolford, Calvin, white,male, 52, married, farming, not unemployed, born in Ohio, parents born in Ohio. • Eliza, white, female, 40, wife, married, keeps house, born in Ohio, parents born in Ohio. • William, white male, 19, son, single, farming, not unemployed. • Florence, white, female, 17, daughter, at home, unemployed 2 months, born in Ohio. • James, white, male, 14, son, single, farming, unemployed 5 months, born in Ohio. • John, white, male, 11, son, single, farming, 3 months unemployed, born in Ohio. • David, white, male, 8, son, single, born in Ohio. • Benjamin, white, male, 1, Grandson, single, born in WV, father OH, Mother, WV. 1884- 10 July- Mason county, West Virginia Marriage register. License 9 July, marriage 10 July. William Wolford, born in Gallia, OH, aged 23, Sarah Taylor, born in Mason, WV, aged 16. Both reside in Mason county, WV. Informant is Thos. Taylor. Married by James H. Holley, Baptist minister, at the store (hxxx) of J.W. Holley. 1895- 24 Oct- West Virginia Marriage Index- Wm Woolford married Mary V. Light in Fayette Countyy, WV. His age, 35, her age 25. His parents Calvin and Eliza. Her parents Jas and Sarah. She was single, he was widowed. 1900- 29 June - US Federal Census- Kanawha district, Fayette County, West Virginia. • William Wooldridge (Wolford), Head, White, Male, born Feb 1859, aged 41, married 5 years, 3 children, born WVA, Father, VA, Mother OH, Day Laborer, not unemployed, can read/write, speaks English, rents, lives in home, • Mary V., Wife, white, female, May 1870, 30, married, 5 yrs married, 3 children, born WV, Father WV, Mother WV. • Annie. M. Daughter, white, female, May 1886, 14 yrs old, single, born WV, Parents WV. • William M. (Jr) son, white, male, April 1887, 13 yrs old, son, born WV, Parents WV. • Ethel, daughter, white, female, March 1890, 10 yrs, single, born WV, Parents, WV. • Charley, son, white, male, April 1896, 4 yrs, single, born WV, Parents WV. • Bertha,,daughter, white, female, May 1898, single, born WV, parents, WV. • Eddie C, son, white, male, Oct 1899, 8/12 yrs, single, born WV, Parents WV. 1910- 7 May- US Federal Census- Kincaid Precinct, Kanawha District, Fayette County, West Virginia, • William M Wolford, head, male, white, 52, 2nd marriage, 15 yrs married, born Ohio, parents Ohio, speaks English, works as laborer, industry odd jobs, not self employed, not unemployed, 8 weeks without work, can read/write, owns property, no mortgage, house not farm, vet 1, Blind 0, Deaf 0. , • Wife Mary V. , female, white, first marriage, 15 yrs married, born WVA, Parents WVA. • Charles C. Son, male, white, 14, single, born WVA, father OHIO, mother WVA, English, can read/write. • Bertha, daughter, female , white 12, single, born WVA, Father OH, Mother WVA, English, can read/write. • Winifred W., Son, male, white, 8, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Henry,, Son, male, white, 7, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Ola M, daughter, female, white, 4, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Violet, Daughter, female, white, 2, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. 1919- Death and Burial Index- 1Feb Fayette County, WV, Father Calvin Wolford, Mother Eliza Pritchet. • Death Certificate William Millard Wolford, Kincaid, Kanawha district, Fayette county, West Virginia. • Married, white male, born 13 Feb 1858, worked as a farmer, born in Ohio, father Calvin Wolford, mother Eliza Pritchet, both born in Ohio, signed by Mrs. W.M. Wolford of Kincaid, WV. • Date of death 1 Feb 1919 at 5 p.m.. Attended by G.A. Smithers, MD of Page, WV, from October 1918-Feb 1919. Cause of death Chronic Aortitis, Myocardial degeneration, and nephritis for 2 years.place of burial Ingram Branch, WV. • Aortitis is rare, 3 in a million, caused by autoimmune disorder or infection (usually syphilis). Myocardial degeneration was a euphemism for old age. Nephritis is autoimmune or infection that destroys the kidneys permanently, causing severe protein loss (bleeding to death). Appendix A1- Sarah Ann Taylor Timeline 1868- 4 June- Mason county, West Virginia- Births Index- Sarah Ann Taylor, born Mason County, mother lives in Mason county, white female. Father Thomas Taylor, Mother America Jane Taylor, father is a farmer. 1870- 3 Aug- Hannan, Mason, West Virginia- US Federal Census • Taylor, Thomas, 50, white, male, farmer, land value 2000, estate value 1000, born VA, can read/write. 31 • America J, 48, white, female, keeping house, born VA • Walton, 17, white, male, farmer, born in VA • Lucy J, 15, white, female, VA • William H, 12, white, male, VA • Polley A, 10, white, female, VA • Samuel, 8, white, maleVA • Edward, 6, white, male, VA • Sarah, 3, white, female, WV 1880- 23 June 1880- Hannan, Mason West Virginia- US Federal Census • Thomas Taylor, white, male, 56, married, farmer, cannot read/write, ben VA, father VA, mother VA • America J., white, female, 52, wife, married, keeping house, cannot write, born WV, father WV, mother VA • Angel Polley, white, female, 20, daughter, married, at home, WV • Edward S., white, male, 16, son, single, farm labor, canont read/write, WV • Sarah M., white, female, 12, daughter, single, at home, cannot read/write, WV • Mary E, white, female, 10, daughter, single, at home, cannot read/write, WV 1884- 10 July- Mason county, West Virginia Marriage register. License 9 July, marriage 10 July. William Wolford, born in Gallia, OH, aged 23, Sarah Taylor, born in Mason, WV, aged 16. Both reside in Mason county, WV. Informant is Thos. Taylor. Married by James H. Holley, Baptist minister, at the store (hxxx) of J.W. Holley. 1890-1895- Death, no records Appendix A2- Mary V. Light Timeline 1870- 12 May- Fayette county, West Virginia. James Light (abt 1850-) and Sarah (1850-). 1880- 1890- 1895- 24 Oct- West Virginia Marriage Index- Wm Woolford married Mary V. Light in Fayette County, WV. His age, 35, her age 25. His parents Calvin and Eliza. Her parents Jas and Sarah. She was single, he was widowed. 1900- 29 June - US Federal Census- Kanawha district, Fayette County, West Virginia. • William Wooldridge (Wolford), Head, White, Male, born Feb 1859, aged 41, married 5 years, 3 children, born WVA, Father, VA, Mother OH, Day Laborer, not unemployed, can read/write, speaks English, rents, lives in home, wife • Mary V., Wife, white, female, May 1870, 30, married, 5 yrs married, 3 children, born WV, Father WV, Mother WV. • Annie. M. Daughter, white, female, May 1886, 14 yrs old, single, born WV, Parents WV. • William M. (Jr) son, white, male, April 1887, 13 yrs old, son, born WV, Parents WV. • Ethel, daughter, white, female, March 1890, 10 yrs, single, born WV, Parents, WV. • Charley, son, white, male, April 1896, 4 yrs, single, born WV, Parents WV. • Bertha,,daughter, white, female, May 1898, single, born WV, parents, WV. • Eddie C, son, white, male, Oct 1899, 8/12 yrs, single, born WV, Parents WV. 1910- 7 May- US Federal Census- Kincaid Precinct, Kanawha District, Fayette County, West Virginia, • William M Wolford, head, male, white, 52, 2nd marriage, 15 yrs married, born Ohio, parents Ohio, speaks English, works as laborer, industry odd jobs, not self employed, not unemployed, 8 weeks without work, can read/write, owns property, no mortgage, house not farm, vet 1, Blind 0, Deaf 0. , • Wife Mary V. , female, white, first marriage, 15 yrs married, born WVA, Parents WVA. 10 children, 7 living. • Charles C. Son, male, white, 14, single, born WVA, father OHIO, mother WVA, English, can read/write. • Bertha, daughter, female , white 12, single, born WVA, Father OH, Mother WVA, English, can read/write. • Winifred W., Son, male, white, 8, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Henry,, Son, male, white, 7, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Ola M, daughter, female, white, 4, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Violet, Daughter, female, white, 2, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. 1920- 30 Jan- US Federal Census- Kincaid precinct 10, Kanawha district, Fayette county, WV • Wolford, Mary, head, owned home, no mortgage, female, white, 49, married, can read/write, born WV, F US, M US, domestic work at home • Wilson, son, male, white, 17, single, can read/write, laborer at saw mill, wage worker • Henry, son, male, white, 15, single, can read/write, laborer at saw mill, wage worker • Myrtle, daughter, white, 13, single, can read/write, no work • Violet, daughter, white, 12, single, can read/write, no work • Frank, son, white, 9, single, can read/write, school • James, grandson, white, 0, single • Bertha, daughter, white, 21, single, can read/write, no work 1930- 1 April- US Federal Census- Kanawha District, Fayette County, West Virginia • Wolford, Mary, head, rents house $10/mo, female, white, 59, widowed, can read/write, aged 25 at first marriage, born WV, father, WV, mother, WV, speaks English, no occupation • Frank, son, male, white, 19, single, can read/write, born WV, speaks English, Miner, coal mine, unemployed 1934- 18 Sep- Death Certificate 13131, Kincaid, Kanawha district, Fayette county, West Virginia. Mary V. Wolford. Lived in Kincaid, WV, female, white, widowed of William Wolford. Born 12 May 1870, worked as housekeeper, died working. Born in Fayette county, WV, UNKOWN parents, both born in WV. Informant Frank Wolford, burial in Kincaid, WV, 20 Sep 1834. Died at 9:53 p.m. of cerebral hemorrhage, history of arteriosclerosis and hypertension. Signed H.F. Frontman MD, of Page, WV.

32 Appendix B- Annie Mae Wolford Timeline 1886- May- Born (1900 census) 1900- 29 June - US Federal Census- Kanawha district, Fayette County, West Virginia. • William Wooldridge (Wolford), Head, White, Male, born Feb 1859, aged 41, married 5 years, 3 children, born WVA, Father, VA, Mother OH, Day Laborer, not unemployed, can read/write, speaks English, rents, lives in home, wife • Mary V., Wife, white, female, May 1870, 30, married, 5 yrs married, 3 children, born WV, Father WV, Mother WV. • Annie. M. Daughter, white, female, May 1886, 14 yrs old, single, born WV, Parents WV. • William M. (Jr) son, white, male, April 1887, 13 yrs old, son, born WV, Parents WV. • Ethel, daughter, white, female, March 1890, 10 yrs, single, born WV, Parents, WV. • Charley, son, white, male, April 1896, 4 yrs, single, born WV, Parents WV. • Bertha,,daughter, white, female, May 1898, single, born WV, parents, WV. • Eddie C, son, white, male, Oct 1899, 8/12 yrs, single, born WV, Parents WV. 1910- 18 April- US Federal Census- Oak Hill, Precinct 6, Fayetteville, Fayette County, West Virginia • Frazie, Lewis C, head of household • Wolford, Anna, servant, female, white, 24, single, born a OH, parents OH, speaks English, servant in private home, not unemployed, can read/write • Opal, unrelated to head, female, white, 7, single, born WV, father WV, mother OH, attends school 1920- 12 Jan- 14th US Federal Census- Williamson, City Hall, Mingo, WV • Shuff, John- Head, owns home, mortgaged, male, white, 43, married, can read/write, born WV, parents, WV, speaks Enlish, works car repair, railroad for wages • Anna, wife, female, white, 31, married, can read/write, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Julia, daughter, female, white, 13, single, attends school, can read/write, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Eugene, son, male, white, 18 months, single, born WV, parents WV • Stamper, Fred- boarder, male, white, 18, single, can read/write, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, works railroads, boilermaker, wages • Stamper, Roy- boarder, male, white, 15, not in school, can read/write, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, works railroads, boilermaker,wages • Stamper, TL, head, rents, male, white, 21, married, can read/write, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, works railroads, boilermaker,wages • Stamper, Opal, Wife, female, white, 18, married, can read/write, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, no work • Note: Opal Stamper is Virginia Opal Wolford-Shuff-Stamper 1930-4 April- 15th US Federal Census- 403 Hines Ave, Third Ward, Princeton, East River, Mercer, WV • Shuff, John, head, rents, $15, not a farm, male, white, 51, married, age at 1st 25, can read/write, born KY, F OH, M KY, speaks English, car repair, railroad, works, not a veteran • Annie M, wife, female,white, 45, married, age. At 1st 33, can read/write, born OH, F OH, M OH, speaks English, no work • Stamper, Opal, Stepdaughter female,white, 23, married,Mage at 1st 16, B WV, F WV, M OH, speaks English, no work • Shuff, Roy E, Son, male, white, 11, single, attends school, can Read/white, B WV, F KY, M OH • Shuff, Erma E, daughter, female, white, 8, single, attends school, can read/write, B WV, F KY, M OH, • Shuff, Shirley F, daughter, female, white, 6, single, attends school, can read/write, B WV, F KY, M OH, • Note: • Stamper Harry S., Nephew, male,white, 9, single, attends school, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M NC • Stamper, Thomas J., nephew, male,white, 7, single, attends school, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M NC • Stamper, John W, nephew, male,white, 5, single, B WV, F WV, M NC • Stamper, James D, nephew, male,white, 3, single, B WV, F WV, M NC 1940- 11 May- 16th US Federal Census- Thornton Town, East river, Mercer, WV • Owns home, $500, Shuff, John N., male, white, 57, married, 5th grade, B Ky, 1935 same place, works, car repair, railroad, $1450 annual income • Anna M. Wihe, female, white 52, married, 7th grade, B WV, 1935 same, keeps home • Shirley F, Daughetr, female, white, 16, single, attends school, HS 3rd yr, B WV, 1935 same • Stamper, Jimmie G, grandson, male, white, 10, attends school, 3rd grade, B WV, 1935 same 1948- Affidavit for delayed birth Certificate for Charles Calvin Wolford, Annie is listed as Annie Shuff. 1948- Bluefield, West Virginia, City Directory, - Shuff, John (Annie) car repair Virginia Railway, Thornton Ave 1950- Bluefield, West Virginia, City Directory, - Shuff, John (Annie) carman Virginia Railway, Thornton Ave 1952- Bluefield, West Virginia, City Directory, - Shuff, John (Annie) car repair man Virginia Railway, Thornton Ave 1955- Bluefield, West Virginia, City Directory, - Shuff, John (Annie) 906 Front Ave 1957-Roanoke, Virginia, City Directory- Shuff, John (Annie M) 325 N Market S 1958-Roanoke, Virginia, City Directory- Shuff, Annie M, Mrs Clerk Paff Realty, r 325 Market : Shuff, John (Annie M) 325 N Market S 1958-Roanoke, Virginia, City Directory- Shuff, Annie M, Mrs Clerk Paff Realty, r 325 Market : Shuff, John (Annie M) 325 N Market S 1965- Obituary for Charles Calvin Wolford names Mrs. Shuff in Salem, VA 1969- Moved in with daughter Shirley Faye Shuff-Whitley in Fairfax, VA 1971- Death Appendix B1- John N Shuff Timeline

1879- 15 Feb- birth (WWI Draft Registration)

33

1880- 1890 1900 1910 1920- 12 Jan- 14th US Federal Census- Williamson, City Hall, Mingo, WV • Shuff, John- Head, owns home, mortgaged, male, white, 43, married, can read/write, born WV, parents, WV, speaks Enlish, works car repair, railroad for wages • Anna, wife, female, white, 31, married, can read/write, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Julia, daughter, female, white, 13, single, attends school, can read/write, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Eugene, son, male, white, 18 months, single, born WV, parents WV • Stamper, Fred- boarder, male, white, 18, single, can read/write, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, works railroads, boilermaker, wages • Stamper, Roy- boarder, male, white, 15, not in school, can read/write, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, works railroads, boilermaker,wages • Stamper, TL, head, rents, male, white, 21, married, can read/write, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, works railroads, boilermaker,wages • Stamper, Opal, Wife, female, white, 18, married, can read/write, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, no work • Note: Opal Stamper is Virginia Opal Wolford-Shuff-Stamper 1930-4 April- 15th US Federal Census- 403 Hines Ave, Third Ward, Princeton, East River, Mercer, WV • Shuff, John, head, rents, $15, not a farm, male, white, 51, married, age at 1st 25, can read/write, born KY, F OH, M KY, speaks English, car repair, railroad, works, not a veteran • Annie M, wife, female,white, 45, married, age. At 1st 33, can read/write, born OH, F OH, M OH, speaks English, no work • Stamper, Opal, Stepdaughter female,white, 23, married,Mage at 1st 16, B WV, F WV, M OH, speaks English, no work • Shuff, Roy E, Son, male, white, 11, single, attends school, can Read/white, B WV, F KY, M OH • Shuff, Erma E, daughter, female, white, 8, single, attends school, can read/write, B WV, F KY, M OH, • Shuff, Shirley F, daughter, female, white, 6, single, attends school, can read/write, B WV, F KY, M OH, • Note: • Stamper Harry S., Nephew, male,white, 9, single, attends school, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M NC • Stamper, Thomas J., nephew, male,white, 7, single, attends school, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M NC • Stamper, John W, nephew, male,white, 5, single, B WV, F WV, M NC • Stamper, James D, nephew, male,white, 3, single, B WV, F WV, M NC 1940- 11 May- 16th US Federal Census- Thornton Town, East river, Mercer, WV • Owns home, $500, Shuff, John N., male, white, 57, married, 5th grade, B Ky, 1935 same place, works, car repair, railroad, $1450 annua lincome • Anna M. Wihe, female, white 52, married, 7th grade, B WV, 1935 same, keeps home • Shirley F, Daughetr, female, white, 16, single, attends school, HS 3rd yr, B WV, 1935 same • Stamper, Jimmie G, grandson, male, white, 10, attends school, 3rd grade, B WV, 1935 same 1948- Affidavit for delayed birth Certificate for Charles Calvin Wolford, Annie is listed as Annie Shuff. 1948- Bluefield, West Virginia, City Directory, - Shuff, John (Annie) car repair Virginia Railway, Thornton Ave 1950- Bluefield, West Virginia, City Directory, - Shuff, John (Annie) carman Virginia Railway, Thornton Ave 1952- Bluefield, West Virginia, City Directory, - Shuff, John (Annie) car repair man Virginia Railway, Thornton Ave 1955- Bluefield, West Virginia, City Directory, - Shuff, John (Annie) 906 Front Ave 1957-Roanoke, Virginia, City Directory- Shuff, John (Annie M) 325 N Market S 1958-Roanoke, Virginia, City Directory- Shuff, Annie M, Mrs Clerk Paff Realty, r 325 Market : Shuff, John (Annie M) 325 N Market S 1958-Roanoke, Virginia, City Directory- Shuff, Annie M, Mrs Clerk Paff Realty, r 325 Market : Shuff, John (Annie M) 325 N Market S 1962- Death

34 Appendix C- William Millard Wolford Jr. Timeline

1887- 3 April- Hurricane, Putnam, West Virginia- Delayed Birth Certificate (13 Jul 1951 at the Clerk of the court, Princeton, Mercer, WV). • Certificate 45876, William Millard Wolford, born 3 Apr 1897, white, Male, in Hurricane, Putnam, WV. • Father William Millard Wolford born in Ohio, Mother Sarah Taylor born in WV. signed William Millard Wolford, address 606 Mercer Street, Princeton, WV, notary Betty Church. • Affidavit of uncle, John Wolford, aged 82 years. Family bible record examined by clerk Lowery G. Bowling. United Benefit Life Ins. Co, Omaha, Neb., policy 84048, dated 1 Dec 1932.14 1900- 29 June - US Federal Census- Kanawha district, Fayette County, West Virginia. • William Wooldridge (Wolford), Head, White, Male, born Feb 1859, aged 41, married 5 years, 3 children, born WVA, Father, VA, Mother OH, Day Laborer, not unemployed, can read/write, speaks English, rents, lives in home, wife • Mary V., Wife, white, female, May 1870, 30, married, 5 yrs married, 3 children, born WV, Father WV, Mother WV. • Annie. M. Daughter, white, female, May 1886, 14 yrs old, single, born WV, Parents WV. • William M. (Jr) son, white, male, April 1887, 13 yrs old, son, born WV, Parents WV. • Ethel, daughter, white, female, March 1890, 10 yrs, single, born WV, Parents, WV. • Charley, son, white, male, April 1896, 4 yrs, single, born WV, Parents WV. • Bertha,,daughter, white, female, May 1898, single, born WV, parents, WV. • Eddie C, son, white, male, Oct 1899, 8/12 yrs, single, born WV, Parents WV. 1907- 15 Oct 1907- Marriage License, Raleigh County Clerk of the Court. • William Millard Wolford, aged 21 years, born in Mason, WV, lives in Fayette, WV. • Paulina I. Godbey, aged 16 yrs, born in Raleigh, WV, Lives in Raleigh, WV. • Information verified by A.C. Godbey of Raleigh, WV. Married on 19 Oct 1907 by H.A. Spradling, Freewill Baptist Church, Harper, WV. County Clerk Meadows. 1910- 30 April, Prosperity, Raleigh, WV- US Federal Census • Wolford, Millard, head, male, white, 23, 1st marriage, married 3 years, born WV, father WV, mother WV, speaks English, works as laborer, odd jobs, wage earner, not unemployed, can read/write, rents house not farm, not a veteran. • Palina, wife, female, white, 18, 1st marriage, married 3 yrs, 1 child born and living, born WV, father WV, mother WV, speaks English, does not work, can read/ write • Marea, daughter, female, white, 1, single, born WV 1911-13 Jun- Runaway Tragedy15 1917- 5 June- US WW I Draft Registration Cards- William Millard Wolford • Lives in Beckley, WV, born 3 Apr 1887, aged 30, natural borned citizen, born in Mason county. • Works at taxicab business in Beckley, wife and child are dependents, Caucasian, married,no military experience, claims exemption from draft for dependents, tall, medium build, brown hair, brown eyes, not bald, no amputations. 1920- 7 Feb- US Federal Census- Cemetery Ave, Beckley, cemetery precinct, Raleigh county, WV • Wolford, William- head, owns home, no mortgage, male, white, 32, married, can read/write, born Ohio, parents US, speaks English, works as general manager of a garage, self employed. • Paulina, wife, female, white, 27, married, can read/write, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Chloe E., daughter, female, white, 8, single, attends school, born WV, father OH, mother, WV. Speaks English. 1925- Bluefield, Mercer, WV- US City Directories- Wolford, Wm M, (Pauline B), auto mechanic, Virginian Motor Company, h Front St., nor N 5th 1930- Bluefield, Mercer, WV- US City Directories- Wolford, Wm M, (Pauline B), garage, h496 Front St. 1930- 21 April- US Federal Census- Front Street, ward 2, Princeton City, East River Magisterial District, Mercer County, West Virginia. • 496 Front Street, wolford, William M, head, owns home, home value $3,600, has a radio set, not a farm, male, white, 43, married at age 21, can read/ write, born WV, parents US, mechanic, owns auto shop, work code 7273, worker class E, employed, not a veteran • Paulina B, wife-H, female, white, 38, married at 15, can read/write, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Chloe E., daughter, female, white, 19, single, not in school, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Elizabeth A., daughter, female, white, 8, single, attends school, born WV, parents WV, speaks English. 1932- Bluefield, Mercer, WV- US City Directories- Wolford, Wm M, (Pauline B; Wolford's Garage.), h502 Front St. Also Wolford's Garage, 101-103 Straley. 1934- Bluefield, Mercer, WV- US City Directories- Wolford, Wm M, (Pauline B; Wolford's Wrecking Co.), h502 Front St. Also, Wolford's Wrecking Co. 101 Straley Ave.

14 What is a Delayed Certificate of Birth? If a birth isn't registered with Vital Registration within the one year, then a normal certificate may not be filed for that birth. Instead a special type of birth certificate is placed on file. This type of certificate not only shows the facts of birth for the child but also shows the types of evidence presented to Vital Registration to back up the facts of birth. The facts of birth are; The Full Name of the Person at the Time of Birth, Date of birth, Place of Birth (City and State), Mother's Full Maiden Name, Mother's Place of Birth (at least State or country), Full Name of the Father, Father's Place of Birth (at least State or country). Note About the Name: If the name of the person on the birth certificate was established by adoption, legitimation, paternity acknowledgment or court action, the the delayed certificate will show that name (provided that the proper documentation is submitted.). Note about Fathers: If the mother was not married to the father at the time of the birth, or during the ten months before the birth. In this case the father can only be added if paternity as been determined by legitimation, adoption, or an acknowledgment of paternity (provided that the proper documentation is provided.). Complete the top part of the form and it must be signed by by registrant. The registrant is the person whose birth the delayed certificate is registering. Return the delayed certificate form with at least three (3) supporting documents, from independent sources showing the child's name, place and date of birth. Only one of them must show the parent's name (including mother's maiden name) and their birthplaces. Only one of the three sources may be the affidavit of personal knowledge.

15 Appendix N 35 1934- 28 April- Bluefield Daily Telegraph, Bluefield, WV, Page 2.- “Mr. and Mrs. W.M. Wolford, and daughters Chloe and Elizabeth Ann, will motor to Charleston today to attend the funeral of Mrs, Wolford’s brother, Dr. M.V. Godbey, who had been in failing health for several months. Mrs. John Shuff and W.M. Wolford, of Fifth Street, returned Wednesday night from Point Pleasant where they were called on account of the death their brother-in-law John Halstead.” This shows that Jr. and Ethel maintained contact with their half siblings as adults. 1940- 8 April- US Federal Census- 502 Front Street, Ward 2, East River District, Princeton, Mercer, WV • Owns home, value $2,500, not a farm, Wolford, William M., Code A 1, male, white, 54, 6the grade, Code B 6, born WV, Code C 75, lived same place in 1935, Code D none, at private work, Code E 1, hrs worked 48, auto mechanic, own garage, self employed, Code F 332-84-4, worked 52 weeks, no wages, other income yes. • Paulina B., X, wife, female, white, 48, married, 6th grade, code A 1, code b 6, born WV, CODE C 75, 1935 same house, work H, code are 5, not working, no income. • Elizabeth Ann, daughter, code A 2, female, white, 19, single, attended school, high school 3 yrs, code B 20, born WV, CODE C 75, 1935 same house, work S, code E 6, no income. 1942- 27 April- WWWII Draft Registration, Romney, Hampshire, WV • U-1180, William Millard Wolford, 502 Front Street, Mercer, WV, telephone 518J, age 55, born in Mason County, on 3 Apr 1887. • Contact is Mrs W.M. Wolford, same address. Works at Blue Flame Oil Co., 601 Mercer street, Princeton, WV. • White, 69 inches tall, 135 lbs, brown hair, ruddy complexion. 1948- Paulina dies. Bluefield, Mercer, WV- US City Directories- Wolford, Wm M, (Blue Flash Oil Co) h606 Mercer. Also, Wolford Apartments 110 Mercer 1950- Bluefield, Mercer, WV- US City Directories- Wolford, Wm M, (Blue Flash Oil Co) h606 Mercer. Also, Wolford Apartments 110 Mercer 1952- Bluefield, Mercer, WV- US City Directories- Wolford, Wm M, (Blue Flash Oil Co) h606 Mercer, Also, Wolford Apartments 110 Mercer 1954- Bluefield, Mercer, WV- US City Directories- Wolford, Wm M, (Blue Flash Oil Co) h606 Mercer, Also, Wolford Apartments 110 Mercer 1955- Bluefield, Mercer, WV- US City Directories- Wolford, Wm M, (Blue Flash Oil Co) h606 Mercer. 1960- 1966- Dandridge M. Akers Jr.(grandson) started working at Blue Flash Oil Co.. 1970- 1977- April- death Appendix C1- Pauline Isabell Belle Godbey Timeline 1892- 2 Mar- Birth, Pauline Isabel Godbey, Raleigh County, West Virginia (1900 Census and 1948 Death) 1900- 2 June- US Federal Census- district 2, Town, Raleigh County, West Virginia • Godby, AC, head, male, white, June 1854, 46, married x 23y, born VA, Parents VA, farmer, not unemployed, can read/write, speaks English, owns farm, farm schedule 94 • Elizabeth, wife, female, Jan 1857, 43, married x 23y, 4 births, 4 living children, born WV, parents VA, cannot read/write, speaks English • James W, son, white, male, Dec 1883, 16, single, born WV, parents WV, farm laborer, employed 4 mos, school 4 mos, can read/write, speaks English • John L, son, white, male, Dec 1886, 13, single, born WV, Parents WV, farm laborer, employed 4 mos, school 4 mos, can read/write, speaks English • Millard L, son, white, male, May 1890, 10, single, born WV, Parents WV, school 4 mos, can read/write, speaks English • Plaunia I, daughter, white, female, Mar 1892, single, born WV, Parents WV, school 4 mos, 1907- 15 Oct 1907- Marriage License, Raleigh County Clerk of the Court. • William Millard Wolford, aged 21 years, born in Mason, WV, lives in Fayette, WV. • Paulina I. Godbey, aged 16 yrs, born in Raleigh, WV, Lives in Raleigh, WV. • Information verified by A.C. Godbey of Raleigh, WV. Married on 19 Oct 1907 by H.A. Spradling, Freewill Baptist Church, Harper, WV. County Clerk Meadows. 1910- 30 April, Prosperity, Raleigh, WV- US Federal Census • Wolford, Millard, head, male, white, 23, 1st marriage, married 3 years, born WV, father WV, mother WV, speaks English, works as laborer, odd jobs, wage earner, not unemployed, can read/write, rents house not farm, not a veteran. • Palina, wife, female, white, 18, 1st marriage, married 3 yrs, 1 child born and living, born WV, father WV, mother WV, speaks English, does not work, can read/write • Marea, daughter, female, white, 1, single, born WV 1911-13 Jun- Runaway Tragedy16 1920- 7 Feb- US Federal Census- Cemetery Ave, Beckley, cemetery precinct, Raleigh county, WV • Wolford, William- head, owns home, no mortgage, male, white, 32, married, can read/write, born Ohio, parents US, speaks English, works as general manager of a garage, self employed. • Paulina, wife, female, white, 27, married, can read/write, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Chloe E., daughter, female, white, 8, single, attends school, born WV, father OH, mother, WV. Speaks English. 1925- Bluefield, Mercer, WV- US City Directories- Wolford, Wm M, (Pauline B), auto mechanic, Virginian Motor Company, h Front St., nor N 5th 1930- Bluefield, Mercer, WV- US City Directories- Wolford, Wm M, (Pauline B), garage, h496 Front St. 1930- 21 April- US Federal Census- Front Street, ward 2, Princeton City, East River Magisterial District, Mercer County, West Virginia.

16 Appendix N 36 • 496 Front Street, Wolford, William M, head, owns home, home value $3,600, has a radio set, not a farm, male, white, 43, married at age 21, can read/ write, born WV, parents US, mechanic, owns auto shop, work code 7273, worker class E, employed, not a veteran • Paulina B, wife-H, female, white, 38, married at 15, can read/write, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Chloe E., daughter, female, white, 19, single, not in school, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Elizabeth A., daughter, female, white, 8, single, attends school, born WV, parents WV, speaks English. 1932- Bluefield, Mercer, WV- US City Directories- Wolford, Wm M, (Pauline B; Wolford's Garage.), h502 Front St. Also Wolford's Garage, 101-103 Straley. 1934- Bluefield, Mercer, WV- US City Directories- Wolford, Wm M, (Pauline B; Wolford's Wrecking Co.), h502 Front St. Also, Wolford's Wrecking Co. 101 Straley Ave. 1934- 28 April- Bluefield Daily Telegraph, Bluefield, WV, Page 2.- “Mr. and Mrs. W.M. Wolford, and daughters Chloe and Elizabeth Ann, will motor to Charleston today to attend the funeral of Mrs, Wolford’s brother, Dr. M.V. Godbey, who had been in failing health for several months. Mrs. John Shuff and W.M. Wolford, of Fifth Street, returned Wednesday night from Point Pleasant where they were called on account of the death their brother-in-law John Halstead.” This shows that Jr. and Ethel maintained contact with their half siblings as adults. 1940- 8 April- US Federal Census- 502 Front Street, Ward 2, East River District, Princeton, Mercer, WV • Owns home, value $2,500, not a farm, Wolford, William M., Code A 1, male, white, 54, 6the grade, Code B 6, born WV, Code C 75, lived same place in 1935, Code D none, at private work, Code E 1, hrs worked 48, auto mechanic, own garage, self employed, Code F 332-84-4, worked 52 weeks, no wages, other income yes. • Paulina B., X, wife, female, white, 48, married, 6th grade, code A 1, code b 6, born WV, CODE C 75, 1935 same house, work H, code are 5, not working, no income. • Elizabeth Ann, daughter, code A 2, female, white, 19, single, attended school, high school 3 yrs, code B 20, born WV, CODE C 75, 1935 same house, work S, code E 6, no income. 1948- 26 Jan 11:00 p.m.- Certificate of Death- at home, Front St, Princeton, East River Dist, Mercer, WV • Wolford, Paulina Belle, no SS#, female, white, married to W.M. Wolford, born 2 Mar 1892, born in Raleigh County, WV, father AC Godbey born WV, mother Elizabeth Pettrey born WV. • Cause of death, coronary thrombosis, history of generalized arteriosclerosis, and old cerebral accident17. • Burial 28 Jan 1948 at Resthaven, Princeton, WV. Funeral Director lic. 288. Embalmer lic. 918-R

17 Coronary thrombosis is a blood clot that blocks an artery inside the heart, so the muscle can't get blood supply, and starts to fail (heart attack). Arteriosclerosis is "hardening of the arteries" which leads to blood clots. Old cerebral accident is a term for a stroke- when a blood clot blocks an artery in the brain. 37 Appendix D - Ethel Chamilia Wolford Timeline 1890- 3 Mar, Fayette, WV, Birth (1900 Census, Death Index) 1900- 29 June - US Federal Census- Kanawha district, Fayette County, West Virginia. • William Wooldridge (Wolford), Head, White, Male, born Feb 1859, aged 41, married 5 years, 3 children, born WVA, Father, VA, Mother OH, Day Laborer, not unemployed, can read/write, speaks English, rents, lives in home, wife • Mary V., Wife, white, female, May 1870, 30, married, 5 yrs married, 3 children, born WV, Father WV, Mother WV. • Annie. M. Daughter, white, female, May 1886, 14 yrs old, single, born WV, Parents WV. • William M. (Jr) son, white, male, April 1887, 13 yrs old, son, born WV, Parents WV. • Ethel, daughter, white, female, March 1890, 10 yrs, single, born WV, Parents, WV. • Charley, son, white, male, April 1896, 4 yrs, single, born WV, Parents WV. • Bertha,,daughter, white, female, May 1898, single, born WV, parents, WV. • Eddie C, son, white, male, Oct 1899, 8/12 yrs, single, born WV, Parents WV. 1908-7 May- Kincaid, Fayette, WV- West Virginia Marriages Index, 1785-1971 • James S Shuff, 24, widowed, born Wayne co, lives in Kincaid, James and Jennie Shuff, works car repairing • Ethel Woolford, 18, single, born Fayette, lives in Kincaid, W M Wolford • Performed by D W Walter, remarks- J S Shuff 1910- 4 May- US Federal Census, Kincaid Precinct, Kanawha District, Fayette, WV • SHUFF, James, head, male, white, 26, first marriage x 2 years, born WV, parents WV, SPeaks English, conductor, railroad, wages earner, not unemployed, can read/write, rents home, home not farm, farm ached 11, veteran 3, blind x, deaf and dumb 5 • Ethel, wife, female, white, first marriage x 2 yrs, 1 child, 1 birth, born Ohio, father Ohio, mother WV, speaks English, no occupation, can read/write • Clarence, son, male, white, 10 mos., single, born WV, father WV, mother, OH, no occupation 1930-9 April- County Road, District 13, Lincoln Magisterial District, Wayne county, WV • Shuff, James S., owns home and farm, male, white, age 45, married at 21, can read/write, born WV, Father KY, Mother VA, speaks English, miner, coal mines, not a veteran • Ethel, wife-H, female, white, 41, married at 19, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Lawrence A., son, male, white, 16, single, not in school, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Carl A., son, male, white, 13, single, in school, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Herbert R., son, male, white, 10, single, in school, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Marnie., daughter, female, white, 8, single, in school, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Tressie, daughter, female, white, 5, single, not in school, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Brown, Pauline, servant • Catherine L., daughter of servant 1935- Jan 13, Wayne County, WV- Indexed Register of Deaths Pg. 19 • Shuff, Ethel C., white, female, died 13 Jan 1935, in Wayne, WV, Cancer of the stomach, parents W.M. Walford, housewife, married, recorded by registrar Appendix D1 - James Salem Shuff Timeline 1884- 18 May, Wayne, WV- Birth 1900- 7 June, Grant District, Wayne, WV • Shuff, James, Head, white, male, July 1847, age 52, married x 25 25 yrs, born OH, father PA, mother OH, farmer, can't read/write, speaks English, rents farm • Virginia, wife, white, female, May 1856, age 48, married x 25 yrs, 2 births, 2 children, born KY, parents VA, can't year/write, speaks English • Salem, son, white, male, May 1884, 16, single, born WV, farm laborer, not unemployed, can read/write, speaks English • Charles E, son, white, male, May 1886, 14, single, born WV, farm laborer, not unemployed, can read/write, speaks English • Sarah E • Frank M • Molley L • Garland G • Eliza B 1904- 28 Nov, Williamson, Mingo, WV- Marriage License • Salem Shuff, 21, single, white, born in Wayne, parents James and Jennie Shuff, farmer, lives in Pike County, Ky • Maud Curry, 19, single, white, born in Pike, Ky, parents James and Sarah Curry, lives in Williamson, Mingo, WV • Wedding 30 Nov 1904 by W Z Cautrell, at Mc xxx Creek, WV, Minister of the Christian Church. • Clerk James Dawson, Mingo, WV 1908-7 May- Kincaid, Fayette, WV- West Virginia Marriages Index, 1785-1971 • James S Shuff, 24, widowed, born Wayne co, lives in Kincaid, James and Jennie Shuff, works car repairing • Ethel Woolford, 18, single, born Fayette, lives in Kincaid, W M Wolford • Performed by D W Walter, remarks- J S Shuff 1910- 4 May- US Federal Census, Kincaid Precinct, Kanawha District, Fayette, WV • SHUFF, James, head, male, white, 26, first marriage x 2 years, born WV, parents WV, SPeaks English, conductor, railroad, wages earner, not unemployed, can read/write, rents home, home not farm, farm ached 11, veteran 3, blind x, deaf and dumb 5 • Ethel, wife, female, white, first marriage x 2 yrs, 1 child, 1 birth, born Ohio, father Ohio, mother WV, speaks English, no occupation, can read/write • Clarence, son, male, white, 10 mos., single, born WV, father WV, mother, OH, no occupation 1930-9 April- County Road, District 13, Lincoln Magisterial District, Wayne county, WV • Shuff, James S., owns home and farm, male, white, age 45, married at 21, can read/write, born WV, Father KY, Mother VA, speaks English, miner, coal mines, not a veteran

38 • Ethel, wife-H, female, white, 41, married at 19, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Lawrence A., son, male, white, 16, single, not in school, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Carl A., son, male, white, 13, single, in school, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Herbert R., son, male, white, 10, single, in school, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Marnie., daughter, female, white, 8, single, in school, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Tressie, daughter, female, white, 5, single, not in school, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Brown, Pauline, servant • Catherine L., daughter of servant after 1930- Death- no records

39 Appendix E - Charles Calvin Charley Wolford Timeline

1896- 3 April- Birth- Kincaid, Fayette, WV- (1900 Census, WWI Draft Registration) 1900- 29 June - 12th US Federal Census- Kanawha district, Fayette County, West Virginia. • William Wooldridge (Wolford), Head, White, Male, born Feb 1859, aged 41, married 5 years, 3 children, born WVA, Father, VA, Mother OH, Day Laborer, not unemployed, can read/write, speaks English, rents, lives in home, • Mary V., Wife, white, female, May 1870, 30, married, 5 yrs married, 3 children, born WV, Father WV, Mother WV. • Annie. M. Daughter, white, female, May 1886, 14 yrs old, single, born WV, Parents WV. • William M. (Jr) son, white, male, April 1887, 13 yrs old, son, born WV, Parents WV. • Ethel, daughter, white, female, March 1890, 10 yrs, single, born WV, Parents, WV. • Charley, son, white, male, April 1896, 4 yrs, single, born WV, Parents WV. • Bertha,,daughter, white, female, May 1898, single, born WV, parents, WV. • Eddie C, son, white, male, Oct 1899, 8/12 yrs, single, born WV, Parents WV. 1910- 7 May- 13th US Federal Census- Kincaid Precinct, Kanawha District, Fayette County, West Virginia, • William M Wolford, head, male, white, 52, 2nd marriage, 15 yrs married, born Ohio, parents Ohio, speaks English, works as laborer, industry odd jobs, not self employed, not unemployed, 8 weeks without work, can read/write, owns property, no mortgage, house not farm, vet 1, Blind 0, Deaf 0. , • Wife Mary V. , female, white, first marriage, 15 yrs married, born WVA, Parents WVA. • Charles C. Son, male, white, 14, single, born WVA, father OHIO, mother WVA, English, can read/write. • Bertha, daughter, female , white 12, single, born WVA, Father OH, Mother WVA, English, can read/write. • Winifred W., Son, male, white, 8, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Henry,, Son, male, white, 7, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Ola M, daughter, female, white, 4, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Violet, Daughter, female, white, 2, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. 1914- 17 Dec- Deepwater, Fayette, WV. Church issued Certificate of Marriage (and Delayed Certificate 1956) • This certifies that C.C. Wolford of Beards Fork, WV, and Dove Rodgers of Deepwater, WV were united by me in Holy Matrimony according to the ordinance of God and the laws of West Virginia at Deepwater on the 17th day of December in the year of our Lord 1914. Signed Rev. Nichols Minister. Witnesses: Mrs. M. Smith, Mrs. M.A. Philpot 1917- 4 Jun- Kincaid, Fayette, WV- WWI Draft Registration- • Charley Wolford, Aged 21, address Eagle, WV, DOB 3 Apr 1896, Natural Born Citizen, born in Kincaid, WV, • Miner, workls at Kanawha Rail and River Co., Eagle, WV, • dependents- Wife and two children, • Married, Caucasian, does not claim exemption from draft • Tall, slender, black eyes, black hair, no amputations/bald, • precinct 5, Fayette, WV. 1919- Loup Creek Colliery opens at Beards Fork, WV 1920- 5 Jan- Precinct 12, Deepwater, Kanawha Magisterial Dist., Fayette, WV- 14th US Federal Census • Woolford, Chas C., head, rent, male, white, 24, married, can read/write, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, laborer, R R Section, wage earner • Dovie S, wife, female, white, 24, married, can read/write, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Reka, daughter, female, white, 6, single, does not attend school, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Treford, son, male, white, 3, single, not in school, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Izola, daughter, female, white, 2, single, not in school, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Note: Two houses next to Marion and Melvina Philpott. 1924- Beards Fork, Fayette, WV- Starts working for Koppers/ Eastern Gas and Fuel (1949 service award) 1930- 12 April- Beards Fork, Kanawha Magisterial District, Fayette, WV- 15th US Federal Census • Wolford, Charlie C., head, rents, $8 a month, not a farm, male,white, 34, married at age 18, can read/write, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, motorman18, coal mine, code 78V2, earns wages, at work yesterday, not a veteran • Dovie S., wife-H, female, white, 34, married at 18, can read/write, born WV, Parents VA, speaks English, no occupation. • Eureka P., daughter, female,white, 16, not in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation. • Treford C., son, male, white, 13, in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Izlo, son, male, white, 11, in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Shelby D., son, male, white, 10, in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Ivory M., daughter, female, white, 8, in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Eugene M., son, male, white, 7, not in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Waviline D., daughter, female, white, 5, not in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Eugene M., son, male, white, 7, not in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Kenneth N., son, male, white, 2 9/12, not in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Lafalda J., daughter, female, white, 1 2/12, not in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation 1932- Reka marries Marshall 1937- Treford marries Alma 1937- Ivory Myrtle marries George 1938- Shelby marries Delorse

18 Motorman- Operates the electric "motor" that hauls coal cars and the "man train" on tracks in the mine 40 1940-31 May- Beards Fork, Kanawha Magisterial Dist., Fayette, WV- 16th US Federal Census • Rents, $9 a month, not a farm, Woolford, Charles, head, male, white, 44, married, 8th grade, born WV, 1935 same place, worked 38 hrs last week, as motorman, coal mines, worker code PW, worked 40 weeks last year, $1800 income, no other income. • Woolford, Dovie S., wife, female, white, 44, married, 8th grade, born WV, 1935 same place, no occupation, no income • Eugene, son, male, white, 17,single, not in school, 8th grade, born WV, 1935 same place, work code OT • Waveline, daughter, female, white, 15, single, 8th grade, born WV, 1935 same place • Kenneth, Son, male, white, 13, single, in school, 6th grade • La Faulda, daughter, female, white, 11, single, in school, 6th grade • Leafy, daughter, female, white, 5, not in school 1940- Waveline marries Bob Keller 1941- Eugene marries Merle 1942- 27 Apr- Marion, OH- WWII Draft Registration • Serial No. U1154, Charles Calvin Wolford, residence Beards Fork, Fayette, WV, Mailing address Beards Fork, WV, • age 46, born in Fayette, WV, DOB 3 Apr 1896, • Contact- Shelby Wolford, Beards Fork, WV • Employed Koppers Coal Co, Berads Fork, Fayette, WV • White, 5ft 7 in 160 lb, brown eyes, gray hair, ruddy complexion, 1945- Kenneth Noble Enlists 1946- Lafalda Jane marries William Eugene Manley 1946- Koppers Co. Divided Eastern Gas and Fuel out of the main company.19 1948- 9 Nov- Fayetteville, Fayette, WV- Delayed Certificate of Birth- • WV Dept of Health Delayed Certificate of Birth, No. 40420, • Charles Calvin Wolford, DOB 13 Apr 1896, white, male, born in Glen Jean, Fayette, WV, • father William Millard Wolford born WV, mother Mary Light, born WV, • signed Charles Calvin Wolford, address Beards Fork, WV sworn 27 Sep 1948. • Evidence Affidavit of older sister Annie Shuff (15 Oct 1948), Voters Registration Fayette Co. (15 Apr 1942), and Marriage Record, Fayette Co., (17 Dec 1914). Abstractor Crystal Beckett, Reviewed by Vonnie Stowers 9 Nov 1948 1948- Izola marries 1949-4 Feb- Boston, MA, 25 year Service Letter- • 4 Feb 1969, Mr. Wolford, I am writing to congratulate you on your many years of association with this company, for which you have just been awarded a twenty-five year service emblem. Halfdan Lee, President 1952- 25 Feb- Beards Fork, Fayette, WV- Pittsbugh Press • "MINE STRIKE STARTS OVER HOUSE DISPUTE Charleston, W.Va. - • More than 200 members of the United Mine Workers are idle in a strike over housing for a doctor at Beards Fork, south of here. Picket lines at the Beards Fork mine of Eastern Gas & Fuel Associates are being maintained by the wives and children of the miners, the union reported. The dispute arose over the assignment of a house to a doctor hired by the Miners' Health and Welfare Fund. • The company explained there had been no doctor in the community for almost a year. Rather than have the former doctor's house stand idle, they rented it to another family. When the new doctor arrived, he was assigned another house, which he refused to occupy, and the strike started. • The mine produces about 1,500 tons of coal per day. Reports of influenza and yellow jaundice in near epidemic stages were discounted to day by a check with a registered nurse employed by the company.” 1952- 5 May- Deposit Agreement Coalfield Land Company • Agreement to sell Charles Calvin Wolford and Dovie S. Wolford Lot 4, (Map 1) House No. 8of the Coalfield Land Company at Robson, WV (Loop Creek Colliery) • Received $225 deposit on purchase price of $2250. Agreement to pay $40 a month until $450 deposit is reached. Then will be financed. • Note: if he stops payment, or is disabled for more than 60 days, or on strike for more than one week, all payments are forfeit. He works a s a dispatcher for E G and F Co. Check 754, Age 56. 1952- Leafy marries Charles Zimmerman 1953- 1 Jan- Deposit fulfilled. 1953- 6 Feb- Land Sales- Clipped from Beckley Post-Herald, 6 February 1953, Page 2 • Charles Calvin Wolford and wife, lot 4, section 1 in Robson, approximately $2500.00 1956- 15 Mar- Fayetteville, Fayette, WV- Delayed Certificate of Marriage • Certificate of Marriage, State of West Virginia, County of Fayette, I, Mrs Lacy Neely, Clerk of the County Court in and for said County and State [the same being a Court of Record] and as such Clerk having the care and custody of the Records of Marriage, do certify that said Records show that Charles C. Wolford (Age 19 born at Glen Jean, WV) and Dovie Rogers (age 19 born at Fayette Co., WV) were married on December 17, 1914 at Deepwater, WV by Rev John Nichols, date of this recordation 31 Dec 1914 (SEAL) In testimony Whereof, I have hereunto affixed my signature and Official Seal at Fayetteville, West Virginia, this 15th day of March 1956. Signed Mrs. Lacy Neely, Clerk 1962- 21 Sep- Beards Fork, Fayette, WV- Loan document • National Finance Co, Re Open Loan Furniture, Liv., Loan $110, 12 months, 11.38 each month.

19 The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA),[1] also known as the Wheeler-Rayburn Act, was a law that was passed by the United States Congress to facilitate regulation of electric utilities, by either limiting their operations to a single state, and thus subjecting them to effective state regulation, or forcing divestitures so that each became a single integrated system serving a limited geographic area. Another purpose of PUHCA was to keep utility holding companies that were engaged in regulated businesses from engaging in unregulated businesses. 41 • collateral inventory of house contents (not the car); 1 Living room suite, 2 pcs, 1 radio Philco, 4 lamp, 1 desk, 1 table, 2 chairs, 1 tv set 5 pcs, 1 sewing machine singer, 2 cabinet, 1 refrigerator philco, 1 range coal, 1 washing machine maytag, 1 WM heating stove, 1 Electric iron & board, 1 3 pc bedroom set, 2 extra bed S & M, 3 linoleum rugs. • Signed Charles and Dovie, 21 Sep 1962. 1965- 14 Mar- Death- 1965- 15 Mar- Obituary- • Charles Wolford- Funeral Service for Charles C Wolford, 68, of Robson, will be conducted at 2 p.m. Wednesday at the Beards Fork Methodist Church with the Rev. Norman Foster in charge. Burial will be in London Memorial park at London. • He died at 11:15 p.m. Sunday in the Laird Memorial Hospital at Montgomery after suffering a cerebral hemorrhage. A retired miner, he last worked for the Eastern GAs and Fuel Association at Beards Fork, where he was a member of local 4475. • He was born at Kincaid 3 Sep 1896, a son of the late Wiliam and Mary Wolford. He was a member of the Beards Fork Methodist Church. • Survivors include his wife, Mrs. Dovie Savannah Rogers Wolford; four sons, Charles T. and Kenneth N., both of Columbus, OH, Shelby D., Beckley and Eugene M., Beards Fork; six daughters Mrs. Marshall Gibson, Dunbar, Mrs. George Griffis, Goshen, IN, Mrs. Harry Carter and Mrs. Charles Zimmerman, both of Bloomington, IL, Mrs. William Manley, Canton, OH, and Mrs Arthur Havenstrite, New Milford, NJ. • Three brothers, Millard, Daytona Beach, FL, Wilson, Beckley, and Frank Wolford, Kincaid. Three sisters, Mrs. John Shuff, Salem, VA, Mrs John Halstead, Point Pleasant, and Mrs. Estel Coleman, Sundial. 43 grandchildren, and 19 great grandchildren. • The body will be removed from the Tyree Funeral Home in Oak Hill to the church one hour prior to services. Friends may call at the funeral home after 5 p.m. Tuesday (RNS) Appendix E1 - Dovie Savannah Rogers Timeline 1914- 17 Dec- Deepwater, Fayette, WV. Church issued Certificate of Marriage (and Delayed Certificate 1956) • This certifies that C.C. Wolford of Beards Fork, WV, and Dove Rodgers of Deepwater, WV were united by me in Holy Matrimony according to the ordinance of God and the laws of West Virginia at Deepwater on the 17th day of December in the year of our Lord 1914. Signed Rev. Nichols Minister. Witnesses: Mrs. M. Smith, Mrs. M.A. Philpot 1917- 4 Jun- Kincaid, Fayette, WV- WWI Draft Registration- • Charley Wolford, Aged 21, address Eagle, WV, DOB 3 Apr 1896, Natural Born Citizen, born in Kincaid, WV, • Miner, workls at Kanawha Rail and River Co., Eagle, WV, • dependents- Wife and two children, • Married, Caucasian, does not claim exemption from draft • Tall, slender, black eyes, black hair, no amputations/bald, • precinct 5, Fayette, WV. 1919- Loup Creek Colliery opens at Beards Fork, WV 1920- 5 Jan- Precinct 12, Deepwater, Kanawha Magisterial Dist., Fayette, WV- 14th US Federal Census • Woolford, Chas C., head, rent, male, white, 24, married, can read/write, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, laborer, R R Section, wage earner • Dovie S, wife, female, white, 24, married, can read/write, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Reka, daughter, female, white, 6, single, does not attend school, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Treford, son, male, white, 3, single, not in school, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Izola, daughter, female, white, 2, single, not in school, born WV, Parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Note: Two houses next to Marion and Melvina Philpott. 1924- Beards Fork, Fayette, WV- Starts working for Koppers/ Eastern Gas and Fuel (1949 service award) 1930- 12 April- Beards Fork, Kanawha Magisterial District, Fayette, WV- 15th US Federal Census • Wolford, Charlie C., head, rents, $8 a month, not a farm, male,white, 34, married at age 18, can read/write, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, motorman20, coal mine, code 78V2, earns wages, at work yesterday, not a veteran • Dovie S., wife-H, female, white, 34, married at 18, can read/write, born WV, Parents VA, speaks English, no occupation. • Eureka P., daughter, female,white, 16, not in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation. • Treford C., son, male, white, 13, in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Izlo, son, male, white, 11, in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Shelby D., son, male, white, 10, in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Ivory M., daughter, female, white, 8, in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Eugene M., son, male, white, 7, not in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Waviline D., daughter, female, white, 5, not in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Eugene M., son, male, white, 7, not in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Kenneth N., son, male, white, 2 9/12, not in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation • Lafalda J., daughter, female, white, 1 2/12, not in school, can read/write, single, born WV, parents WV, speaks English, no occupation 1940-31 May- Beards Fork, Kanawha Magisterial Dist., Fayette, WV- 16th US Federal Census • Rents, $9 a month, not a farm, Woolford, Charles, head, male, white, 44, married, 8th grade, born WV, 1935 same place, worked 38 hrs last week, as motorman, coal mines, worker code PW, worked 40 weeks last year, $1800 income, no other income. • Woolford, Dovie S., wife, female, white, 44, married, 8th grade, born WV, 1935 same place, no occupation, no income • Eugene, son, male, white, 17,single, not in school, 8th grade, born WV, 1935 same place, work code OT • Waveline, daughter, female, white, 15, single, 8th grade, born WV, 1935 same place • Kenneth, Son, male, white, 13, single, in school, 6th grade • La Faulda, daughter, female, white, 11, single, in school, 6th grade • Leafy, daughter, female, white, 5, not in school 1942- 27 Apr- Marion, OH- WWII Draft Registration • Serial No. U1154, Charles Calvin Wolford, residence Beards Fork, Fayette, WV, Mailing address Beards Fork, WV, • age 46, born in Fayette, WV, DOB 3 Apr 1896,

20 Motorman- Operates the electric "motor" that hauls coal cars and the "man train" on tracks in the mine 42 • Contact- Shelby Wolford, Beards Fork, WV • Employed Koppers Coal Co, Berads Fork, Fayette, WV • White, 5ft 7 in 160 lb, brown eyes, gray hair, ruddy complexion, 1946- Koppers Co. Divided Eastern Gas and Fuel out of the main company.21 1948- 9 Nov- Fayetteville, Fayette, WV- Delayed Certificate of Birth- • WV Dept of Health Delayed Certificate of Birth, No. 40420, • Charles Calvin Wolford, DOB 13 Apr 1896, white, male, born in Glen Jean, Fayette, WV, • father William Millard Wolford born WV, mother Mary Light, born WV, • signed Charles Calvin Wolford, address Beards Fork, WV sworn 27 Sep 1948. • Evidence Affidavit of older sister Annie Shuff (15 Oct 1948), Voters Registration Fayette Co. (15 Apr 1942), and Marriage Record, Fayette Co., (17 Dec 1914). Abstractor Crystal Beckett, Reviewed by Vonnie Stowers 9 Nov 1948 1949-4 Feb- Boston, MA, 25 year Service Letter- • 4 Feb 1969, Mr. Wolford, I am writing to congratulate you on your many years of association with this company, for which you have just been awarded a twenty-five year service emblem. Halfdan Lee, President 1952- 25 Feb- Beards Fork, Fayette, WV- Pittsbugh Press • "MINE STRIKE STARTS OVER HOUSE DISPUTE Charleston, W.Va. - • More than 200 members of the United Mine Workers are idle in a strike over housing for a doctor at Beards Fork, south of here. Picket lines at the Beards Fork mine of Eastern Gas & Fuel Associates are being maintained by the wives and children of the miners, the union reported. The dispute arose over the assignment of a house to a doctor hired by the Miners' Health and Welfare Fund. • The company explained there had been no doctor in the community for almost a year. Rather than have the former doctor's house stand idle, they rented it to another family. When the new doctor arrived, he was assigned another house, which he refused to occupy, and the strike started. • The mine produces about 1,500 tons of coal per day. Reports of influenza and yellow jaundice in near epidemic stages were discounted to day by a check with a registered nurse employed by the company." 1953- 6 Feb- Land Sales- Clipped from Beckley Post-Herald, 6 February 1953, Page 2 • Charles Calvin Wolford and wife, lot 4, section 1 in Robson, approximately $2500.00 1956- 15 Mar- Fayetteville, Fayette, WV- Delayed Certificate of Marriage • Certificate of Marriage, State of West Virginia, County of Fayette, I, Mrs Lacy Neely, Clerk of the County Court in and for said County and State [the same being a Court of Record] and as such Clerk having the care and custody of the Records of Marriage, do certify that said Records show that Charles C. Wolford (Age 19 born at Glen Jean, WV) and Dovie Rogers (age 19 born at Fayette Co., WV) were married on December 17, 1914 at Deepwater, WV by Rev John Nichols, date of this recordation 31 Dec 1914 (SEAL) In testimony Whereof, I have hereunto affixed my signature and Official Seal at Fayetteville, West Virginia, this 15th day of March 1956. Signed Mrs. Lacy Neely, Clerk 1962- 21 Sep- Beards Fork, Fayette, WV- Loan document • National Finance Co, Re Open Loan Furniture, Liv., Loan $110, 12 months, 11.38 each month. • collateral inventory of house contents (not the car); 1 Living room suite, 2 pcs, 1 radio Philco, 4 lamp, 1 desk, 1 table, 2 chairs, 1 tv set 5 pcs, 1 sewing machine singer, 2 cabinet, 1 refrigerator philco, 1 range coal, 1 washing machine maytag, 1 WM heating stove, 1 Electric iron & board, 1 3 pc bedroom set, 2 extra bed S & M, 3 linoleum rugs. • Signed Charles and Dovie, 21 Sep 1962. 1973-19 Mar- The Charleston Gazette, 21 Mar 1973- Obituary • Mrs. Dovie Savannah Wolford, 76 of Robson, Fayette County, died Monday at her home. She was a native of Ramsey. She is survived by her sons, Charles & Kenneth of Columbus, OH, Rev. Shelby D. wolford of Prosperity, Eugene of Oak Hill and daughters, Mrs. Reka Gibson of Dnnbar, Mrs. Helen McCroden of Columbus, Mrs. Ivory Griffis of GosheN, IN, Mrs. Waveline Carter & Mrs. leafy Zimmerman, both of Bloomington, IL, Mrs Jane Manley of Canton, OH. Sisters; Mrs. Pearl Angle, Richmond, VA, Mrs Lillie Estep of Moundsville, a half-brother, Clair Philpott of Deep Water, and 36 grandchildren. Burial in Montgomery Memorial Park, London, EV.

21 The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA),[1] also known as the Wheeler-Rayburn Act, was a law that was passed by the United States Congress to facilitate regulation of electric utilities, by either limiting their operations to a single state, and thus subjecting them to effective state regulation, or forcing divestitures so that each became a single integrated system serving a limited geographic area. Another purpose of PUHCA was to keep utility holding companies that were engaged in regulated businesses from engaging in unregulated businesses. 43 Appendix K - Bertha Wolford Timeline

1898- 6 May- Birth (1900 Census) 1900- 29 June - 12th US Federal Census- Kanawha district, Fayette County, West Virginia. • William Wooldridge (Wolford), Head, White, Male, born Feb 1859, aged 41, married 5 years, 3 children, born WVA, Father, VA, Mother OH, Day Laborer, not unemployed, can read/write, speaks English, rents, lives in home, • Mary V., Wife, white, female, May 1870, 30, married, 5 yrs married, 3 children, born WV, Father WV, Mother WV. • Annie. M. Daughter, white, female, May 1886, 14 yrs old, single, born WV, Parents WV. • William M. (Jr) son, white, male, April 1887, 13 yrs old, son, born WV, Parents WV. • Ethel, daughter, white, female, March 1890, 10 yrs, single, born WV, Parents, WV. • Charley, son, white, male, April 1896, 4 yrs, single, born WV, Parents WV. • Bertha,,daughter, white, female, May 1898, single, born WV, parents, WV. • Eddie C, son, white, male, Oct 1899, 8/12 yrs, single, born WV, Parents WV. 1910- 7 May- 13th US Federal Census- Kincaid Precinct, Kanawha District, Fayette County, West Virginia, • William M Wolford, head, male, white, 52, 2nd marriage, 15 yrs married, born Ohio, parents Ohio, speaks English, works as laborer, industry odd jobs, not self employed, not unemployed, 8 weeks without work, can read/write, owns property, no mortgage, house not farm, vet 1, Blind 0, Deaf 0. , • Wife Mary V. , female, white, first marriage, 15 yrs married, born WVA, Parents WVA. • Charles C. Son, male, white, 14, single, born WVA, father OHIO, mother WVA, English, can read/write. • Bertha, daughter, female , white 12, single, born WVA, Father OH, Mother WVA, English, can read/write. • Winifred W., Son, male, white, 8, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Henry,, Son, male, white, 7, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Ola M, daughter, female, white, 4, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Violet, Daughter, female, white, 2, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. 1920- 30 Jan- US Federal Census- Kincaid precinct 10, Kanawha district, Fayette county, WV • Wolford, Mary, head, owned home, no mortgage, female, white, 49, married, can read/write, born WV, F US, M US, domestic work at home • Wilson, son, male, white, 17, single, can read/write, laborer at saw mill, wage worker • Henry, son, male, white, 15, single, can read/write, laborer at saw mill, wage worker • Myrtle, daughter, white, 13, single, can read/write, no work • Violet, daughter, white, 12, single, can read/write, no work • Frank, son, white, 9, single, can read/write, school • James, grandson, white, 0, single • Bertha, daughter, white, 21, single, can read/write, no work 1930- 5 Apr- 15th US Federal Census, Montcoal, Marsh Fork Mag. Dist., Raleigh, WV (54 Marsh Fork road) • Halstead, John Head, rent $6, not a farm, male, white,m45, married at age 35, can read/write, born WV, F WV, M WV, laborer, coal mine, employed, not a veteran • Bertha, wife, female,white, age 32, married at age 20, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV, not employed • James, son, male, white, 10, single, attends school, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV, • Eugene, son, male, white, 8, single, in school, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV, • Herman, son, male, white, 6, single, in school, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV, • Sammy, son, male, white, 4 8/12, single, not in school, B WV, F WV, M WV, • Millard, son, white, male. 2 9/12, single, not in school, B WV, F WV, M WV, • Madeline, daughter, female, white, 1 2/12, single, not in school, B WV, F WV, M WV, 1940- 8 April- 16th US Federal Census- Point Pleasant Route One, Robinson Mag. Dist., Mason, WV • OWN HOME, $240, is a farm, Halstead, Bertha, Head, female, white, age 42, widowed, fifth grade, born WV, 1935 same house, no work no income, other income, farm schedule 30; NOTE- Supplemental: F WV, M WV, speaks English, no occupation, married only once, age at first marriage 19. • Eugene, son, male, white, 18, single, not in school, grade 6, B WV, 1935 same house, seeking work, out of work 28 weeks, farmer, farm, worked 26 weeks in 1939, income $270, • Samuel, son, male, white, 14, in school, 6 grade, B WV, 1935 same, no work • Millard, son, male,white, 12, in school, grade 4, B WV, 1935 same, no work • Madeline, daughter, female, white, 11, in school, grade 4, B WV, 1935 same, no work • Lawrence, son, male,white, 9, in school, no grade, B WV, 1935 same, no work • Lucille, daughter, female, white, 7, in school, no grade, B WV, 1935 same, no work 1978- 25 Jan- Death, Holzer Medical Center,me Gallia, Ohio, USA- Ohio Deaths, 1908-1932, 1938-2007 • Birth date 1899, Female,my white, certificate 003141, age 79, certified, Physician, marital status,widower • SSDI, 1935-2014, Name Bertha Halstead, SSN 235-78-5790, last residence 25550 Point Pleasant, Mason, WV, USA • Born 6 May 1898, died Jan 1878, State (year) SSN Issued: West Virginia (1965)

Appendix K1- John A Halstead 1885- 14 March- Birth- Scott, Boone, WV 1890 1900 1910 1920 44 1930- 5 Apr- 15th US Federal Census, Montcoal, Marsh Fork Mag. Dist., Raleigh, WV (54 Marsh Fork road) • Halstead, John Head, rent $6, not a farm, male, white,m45, married at age 35, can read/write, born WV, F WV, M WV, laborer, coal mine, employed, not a veteran • Bertha, wife, female,white, age 32, married at age 20, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV, not employed • James, son, male, white, 10, single, attends school, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV, • Eugene, son, male, white, 8, single, in school, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV, • Herman, son, male, white, 6, single, in school, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV, • Sammy, son, male, white, 4 8/12, single, not in school, B WV, F WV, M WV, • Millard, son, white, male. 2 9/12, single, not in school, B WV, F WV, M WV, • Madeline, daughter, female, white, 1 2/12, single, not in school, B WV, F WV, M WV,

1934- 23 April- Death, Mason, WV, News Clipping • Body of Bethel Man is Found in River- Point Pleasant, April 23- The body of John Halstead, 49, of Bethel, who disappeared 17 March, was recovered from the Kanawha River today. Survivors include eight children. • West Virginia, Deaths minded, 1853-1973 • Name John Halstead, birth date 4 Jan 1885, death date Aril 1934, Death Pace Point Pleasant, Mason, WV, Burial Date 25 Apr 1934, Cemetery Name Foster, Death Age 49, Occupation Miner, Race White, Marital Status Married, Gender Male, FHL Film 567385 1940- 8 April- 16th US Federal Census- Robinson, Mason, WV, owns house, value $240, it is a farm, Halstead, Bertha, head, female, white, 42, widow, grade 5, B WV, 1935 same place, Eugene, son, male, white, 18, single,grade 6, B WV, 1935 same, works as a farmer , income $270 Samuel, son, male, white, 14, single, grade 6, in school, B WV, 1935 same Millard, son, male, white, 12, single, in school, grade 4, B WV, 1935 same Madeline, daughter, femal, white, 11, single, in school, grade 4, B WV, 1935 same Lawrence, son, male, white, 7, single, in school, B WV, 1935 same Lucille, daughter, female, white, 7, single, in school, BWV, 1935 same

45 Appendix L - Eddie C. Wolford Timeline

Birth 1900- 29 June - 12th US Federal Census- Kanawha district, Fayette County, West Virginia. • William Wooldridge (Wolford), Head, White, Male, born Feb 1859, aged 41, married 5 years, 3 children, born WVA, Father, VA, Mother OH, Day Laborer, not unemployed, can read/write, speaks English, rents, lives in home, • Mary V., Wife, white, female, May 1870, 30, married, 5 yrs married, 3 children, born WV, Father WV, Mother WV. • Annie. M. Daughter, white, female, May 1886, 14 yrs old, single, born WV, Parents WV. • William M. (Jr) son, white, male, April 1887, 13 yrs old, son, born WV, Parents WV. • Ethel, daughter, white, female, March 1890, 10 yrs, single, born WV, Parents, WV. • Charley, son, white, male, April 1896, 4 yrs, single, born WV, Parents WV. • Bertha,,daughter, white, female, May 1898, single, born WV, parents, WV. • Eddie C, son, white, male, Oct 1899, 8/12 yrs, single, born WV, Parents WV.

46 Appendix M - Wilson Winfred Wolford Timeline

1901- 15 Dec- Birth- Hamilton Branch, Fayette, WV, Delayed birth Certificate (1955) 1910- 7 May- US Federal Census- Kincaid Precinct, Kanawha District, Fayette County, West Virginia, • William M Wolford, head, male, white, 52, 2nd marriage, 15 yrs married, born Ohio, parents Ohio, speaks English, works as laborer, industry odd jobs, not self employed, not unemployed, 8 weeks without work, can read/write, owns property, no mortgage, house not farm, vet 1, Blind 0, Deaf 0. , • Wife Mary V. , female, white, first marriage, 15 yrs married, born WVA, Parents WVA. • Charles C. Son, male, white, 14, single, born WVA, father OHIO, mother WVA, English, can read/write. • Bertha, daughter, female , white 12, single, born WVA, Father OH, Mother WVA, English, can read/write. • Winifred W., Son, male, white, 8, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Henry,, Son, male, white, 7, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Ola M, daughter, female, white, 4, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Violet, Daughter, female, white, 2, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school.

1920- 30 Jan- US Federal Census- Kincaid precinct 10, Kanawha district, Fayette county, WV • Wolford, Mary, head, owned home, no mortgage, female, white, 49, married, can read/write, born WV, F US, M US, domestic work at home • Wilson, son, male, white, 17, single, can read/write, laborer at saw mill, wage worker • Henry, son, male, white, 15, single, can read/write, laborer at saw mill, wage worker • Myrtle, daughter, white, 13, single, can read/write, no work • Violet, daughter, white, 12, single, can read/write, no work • Frank, son, white, 9, single, can read/write, school • James, grandson, white, 0, single • Bertha, daughter, white, 21, single, can read/write, no work 1923- 19 Aug- Beckley, Raleigh, WV, marriage to Nancy Ellen Roebuck 1930-3 April- 15th US Federal Census, North Oakwood Ave, Beckley, Raleigh, WV Wolford, Wilson W, owns home, $500, has radio, male, white, 28, married x age 21, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV, mechanic, automobile, employed, WWII vet Nancy E, wife, female, white, 25, married age 19, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV George W, son, male, white, 1, single, B WV, F WV, M WV, Burkland, James N, boarder, male, white, 33, married age 22, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV, laborer, mines, employed, not a vet 1940- 17 April- 16th US Federal Census- 207 Sission Street, Beckley, Raleigh, WV • Owned home, $6000, Wolford, Wilson, Head, male, white, 38, married, grade 8, B WV, 1935 same, auto mechanic at garage, salary $1500 • Ellen, wife, female, white, 35, married, grade 7, B WV, 1935 same. • G. William, son, male, white, 13, single, not in school. Grade 7, B WV, 1935 same • Criss, Louis, lodger, male, white, 26, single, grade H4, B WV, 1935 same, manager, auto supply, salary $1800 1944- 501 N Oakwood Ave, Beckley, WV, City Directory, • Wolford, Wilson W (Nancy E) auto repair 1946- 501 N Oakwood Ave, Beckley, WV, City Directory, • Wolford, Wilson W (Nancy E) auto repair 1948- 501 N Oakwood Ave, Beckley, WV, City Directory, • Wolford, Wilson W (Nancy E) auto repair 1950- 501 N Oakwood Ave, Beckley, WV, City Directory, • Wolford, Wilson W (Nancy E) auto repair 1952- 501 N Oakwood Ave, Beckley, WV, City Directory, • Wolford, Wilson W (Nancy E) auto repair 1954- 501 N Oakwood Ave, Beckley, WV, City Directory, • Wolford, Wilson W (Nancy E) auto repair 1955- 501 N Oakwood Ave, Beckley, WV, City Directory, • Wolford, Wilson W (Nancy E) auto repair 1960- 501 N Oakwood Ave, Beckley, WV, City Directory, • Wolford, Wilson W (Nancy E) 1971- 8 Oct- Summers, Raleigh, WV, Death 1971- 10 Oct- Beckley, WV Burial Sunset Memorial Park, Mausoleum A

Appendix M1 - Nancy Ellen Roebuck Timeline 1920- 6 Jan- 14th US Federal Census- Cranberry, Raleigh, WV 1923- 19 Aug- Beckley, Raleigh, WV, marriage to Wilson Winfred Wolford 1930-3 April- 15th US Federal Census, North Oakwood Ave, Beckley, Raleigh, WV 47 Wolford, Wilson W, owns home, $500, has radio, male, white, 28, married x age 21, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV, mechanic, automobile, employed, WWII vet Nancy E, wife, female, white, 25, married age 19, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV George W, son, male, white, 1, single, B WV, F WV, M WV, Burkland, James N, boarder, male, white, 33, married age 22, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV, laborer, mines, employed, not a vet 1940- 17 April- 16th US Federal Census- 207 Sission Street, Beckley, Raleigh, WV • Owned home, $6000, Wolford, Wilson, Head, male, white, 38, married, grade 8, B WV, 1935 same, auto mechanic at garage, salary $1500 • Ellen, wife, female, white, 35, married, grade 7, B WV, 1935 same. • G. William, son, male, white, 13, single, not in school. Grade 7, B WV, 1935 same • Criss, Louis, lodger, male, white, 26, single, grade H4, B WV, 1935 same, manager, auto supply, salary $1800 1944- 501 N Oakwood Ave, Beckley, WV, City Directory, • Wolford, Wilson W (Nancy E) auto repair 1946- 501 N Oakwood Ave, Beckley, WV, City Directory, • Wolford, Wilson W (Nancy E) auto repair 1948- 501 N Oakwood Ave, Beckley, WV, City Directory, • Wolford, Wilson W (Nancy E) auto repair 1950- 501 N Oakwood Ave, Beckley, WV, City Directory, • Wolford, Wilson W (Nancy E) auto repair 1952- 501 N Oakwood Ave, Beckley, WV, City Directory, • Wolford, Wilson W (Nancy E) auto repair 1954- 501 N Oakwood Ave, Beckley, WV, City Directory, • Wolford, Wilson W (Nancy E) auto repair 1955- 501 N Oakwood Ave, Beckley, WV, City Directory, • Wolford, Wilson W (Nancy E) auto repair 1960- 501 N Oakwood Ave, Beckley, WV, City Directory, • Wolford, Wilson W (Nancy E) 1987-July- Death- Beckley, Raleigh, West Virginia

48 Appendix N - Henry H. Wolford Timeline

1903-17 April- Page, FAyette, WV (Marriage and Death Cert) 1910- 7 May- US Federal Census- Kincaid Precinct, Kanawha District, Fayette County, West Virginia, • William M Wolford, head, male, white, 52, 2nd marriage, 15 yrs married, born Ohio, parents Ohio, speaks English, works as laborer, industry odd jobs, not self employed, not unemployed, 8 weeks without work, can read/write, owns property, no mortgage, house not farm, vet 1, Blind 0, Deaf 0. , • Wife Mary V. , female, white, first marriage, 15 yrs married, born WVA, Parents WVA. • Charles C. Son, male, white, 14, single, born WVA, father OHIO, mother WVA, English, can read/write. • Bertha, daughter, female , white 12, single, born WVA, Father OH, Mother WVA, English, can read/write. • Winifred W., Son, male, white, 8, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Henry,, Son, male, white, 7, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Ola M, daughter, female, white, 4, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Violet, Daughter, female, white, 2, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school.

1920- 30 Jan- US Federal Census- Kincaid precinct 10, Kanawha district, Fayette county, WV • Wolford, Mary, head, owned home, no mortgage, female, white, 49, married, can read/write, born WV, F US, M US, domestic work at home • Wilson, son, male, white, 17, single, can read/write, laborer at saw mill, wage worker • Henry, son, male, white, 15, single, can read/write, laborer at saw mill, wage worker • Myrtle, daughter, white, 13, single, can read/write, no work • Violet, daughter, white, 12, single, can read/write, no work • Frank, son, white, 9, single, can read/write, school • James, grandson, white, 0, single • Bertha, daughter, white, 21, single, can read/write, no work 1929- 10 May- Marion, Ohio, USA- Marriage License • Henry Wolford 26 yrs ol, 17 Apr 1903, Born in Page, WV, Father William M Wolford, Mother Mary Light, works as miner, never married, lives in Cincinatti, OH • Gladys Austin, 18 yrs old, born 4 Dec 1912 in Ironton, OH, father Jesse Austin (deceased) mother Elizabeth Stapleton, lives in Marion, OH. 1930 1934- Marion City Directory- 529 Thompson, Wolford, Henry H (Gladys) Laborer 1936- Marion City Directory- 291 Barnhart, Wolford, Henry H (Gladys) Laborer 1938- Marion City Directory- 143 DeWolf Court, Wolford, Henry H (Gladys) Laborer, Marion Steam Shovel Co. 1940- Marion City Directory- 450 West Center, Wolford, Henry H (Gladys) Laborer, Marion Steam Shovel Co. 1940- 15 April- 16th US Federal Census- Marion City, Marion, OH, USA • 450 1/2 West Center Street, Rent, $10 a month, Wolford, Henry, head, male, white, 36, marriedm grade 6, B WV, 1935 same place, works as chipper at stema shovel co, • Gladys, wife, female, wite, 28, married, grade 6, B OH, 1935 same place, • Clyde, son, male, white, 11, single, in school grade 4, B OH, 1935 same place 1942- Marion City Directory- 450 West Center, Wolford, Henry H (Gladys) Laborer, Marion Steam Shovel Co. 1945- Marion City Directory, 619 Herman,, Wolford, Henry H (Gladys) Laborer, Marion Steam Shovel Co. 1953- 22 Oct- Certificate of Death- Ohio Dept. of Health- Marion, Marion, Ohio, USA • State File 68447, Registrar 326, place of Death, MArion, MArion, OH, 623 Herman Street, usual residence (same), • Henry H Wolford DOD 22 Oct 1953, male, white, divorced, DOB 17 Apr 1904, farm laborer, born in Page, WV, father William M Wolford, mother Mary Light, SS 276-09-6255, informant Don Gunder. • COD- Pulmoary Embolism, due to Cor Pulmonale (Right Ventricular Failure x 1 yr), due to Chronic Pulmonary Disease (5-10 yrs), Bronchiectasis, Atelectasis, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Pulmonary Hypertension, Malnutrition. Signed Robert C. Campbell MD, 196 S Main ST, MArion, OH signed 10/24/58. • Burial at Marion Cemetery, Marion, OH Embalmer E H Gunder, 4220A, Registrar Mary Ellen Kerr 10/26/1953.

Appendix N1 - Gladys Iva Austin Timeline Birth 1929- 10 May- Marion, Ohio, USA- Marriage License • Henry Wolford 26 yrs ol, 17 Apr 1903, Born in Page, WV, Father William M Wolford, Mother Mary Light, works as miner, never married, lives in Cincinatti, OH • Gladys Austin, 18 yrs old, born 4 Dec 1912 in Ironton, OH, father Jesse Austin (deceased) mother Elizabeth Stapleton, lives in Marion, OH. 1930 1934- Marion City Directory- 529 Thompson, Wolford, Henry H (Gladys) Laborer 1936- Marion City Directory- 291 Barnhart, Wolford, Henry H (Gladys) Laborer 49 1938- Marion City Directory- 143 DeWolf Court, Wolford, Henry H (Gladys) Laborer, Marion Steam Shovel Co. 1940- Marion City Directory- 450 West Center, Wolford, Henry H (Gladys) Laborer, Marion Steam Shovel Co. 1940- 15 April- 16th US Federal Census- Marion City, Marion, OH, USA • 450 1/2 West Center Street, Rent, $10 a month, Wolford, Henry, head, male, white, 36, marriedm grade 6, B WV, 1935 same place, works as chipper at stema shovel co, • Gladys, wife, female, wite, 28, married, grade 6, B OH, 1935 same place, • Clyde, son, male, white, 11, single, in school grade 4, B OH, 1935 same place 1942- Marion City Directory- 450 West Center, Wolford, Henry H (Gladys) Laborer, Marion Steam Shovel Co. 1945- Marion City Directory, 619 Herman,, Wolford, Henry H (Gladys) Laborer, Marion Steam Shovel Co. 1949- Henry and Gladys separated. 1950- Marion City Directory, Gladys Wolford Mrs. maid for Mrs. Edna Warner. \ 1992- 10 March- Death, Morrow, Ohio.

50 Appendix O - Ola Myrtle Wolford Timeline

196- 11 Aug- Birth- West VIrginia Births Index, 1853-1969. O.M. Wolford born 11 Aug 1906, Kincaid, Fayette, West VIrginia, female, white, father WM Wolford, mother Mary. 1910- 7 May- US Federal Census- Kincaid Precinct, Kanawha District, Fayette County, West Virginia, • William M Wolford, head, male, white, 52, 2nd marriage, 15 yrs married, born Ohio, parents Ohio, speaks English, works as laborer, industry odd jobs, not self employed, not unemployed, 8 weeks without work, can read/write, owns property, no mortgage, house not farm, vet 1, Blind 0, Deaf 0. , • Wife Mary V. , female, white, first marriage, 15 yrs married, born WVA, Parents WVA. • Charles C. Son, male, white, 14, single, born WVA, father OHIO, mother WVA, English, can read/write. • Bertha, daughter, female , white 12, single, born WVA, Father OH, Mother WVA, English, can read/write. • Winifred W., Son, male, white, 8, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Henry,, Son, male, white, 7, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Ola M, daughter, female, white, 4, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Violet, Daughter, female, white, 2, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. 1920- 30 Jan- US Federal Census- Kincaid precinct 10, Kanawha district, Fayette county, WV • Wolford, Mary, head, owned home, no mortgage, female, white, 49, married, can read/write, born WV, F US, M US, domestic work at home • Wilson, son, male, white, 17, single, can read/write, laborer at saw mill, wage worker • Henry, son, male, white, 15, single, can read/write, laborer at saw mill, wage worker • Myrtle, daughter, white, 13, single, can read/write, no work • Violet, daughter, white, 12, single, can read/write, no work • Frank, son, white, 9, single, can read/write, school • James, grandson, white, 0, single • Bertha, daughter, white, 21, single, can read/write, no work 1930-15 April- 15th US Federal Census- Rossmore Village, Logan Magisterial District, Logan County, West VIrginia • Roberts, Floyd, Head, rents, $12 a month, not a farm, male, white, 48, married, first married at 37 yrs, can read/write, B VA, F VA, M VA, speaks English, miner, coal mines, emplopyed, no other income • Myrtle, Wife-H, female, white, 25, married at age 16, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV, speaks English, no work • Grace, daughetr, female, white, single, 5, not in school, B KY, F VA, M WV, • Lacy, son, male, white, 3 4/12, single, B WV, F VA, M WV • Jean/Gene, son, male, white, 1 8/12, B WV, F VA, M WV 1932- 31 Mar- Death- Logan, Logan Dist. Logan Co., WV- Division of Vital Statistics • Place of Death Dist No. 2321, Series 84, WV State Dept of Health, Certificate of Death #3596, Hatfield Lawson Hosp. • Mrs. Myrtle Roberts, redience Rossmore, WV, Female, White, Married, husband Floy Roberts, DOB 11 Dec 1906, 25y, 3 mo, 19 Days, Housewife, birthplace WV, father John Wolford, B WV,Mother Mary B WV, informant Floyd Roberts, Rossmore, WV. • Burial Kincaid, WV 3 April 1932, undertaker Harris Funeral Home, Logan WV, filed 10 APril 1932, Margaret Lamb Registrar. • Date of Death 31 March 1932, Myrtle Roberts. I hereby certify that I attended the decased from 20 March 1932 to 31 March 1932I last saw her alive on 31 Mar 1932 , death is said to have occurred at 11 p.m. The principal cause of death is nephritis and uremia, the primary cause, not associated with anything else. Confirmed by urinalysis, lab work, no autopsy.Signed C.L. Border, MD, Logan WV.

Appendix O1 - Andy Floyd Roberts Timeline 1884-26 Mar- Birth- Caroll, VA (WWI and WWII Draft Registrations) 1900- 6 June 1900- Sulpur SPrings District, Carroll County, VA, 12th US Federal Census • Roberts, William Roberts, • Elizabeth • L Dora • Andrew F, 16, Mar 1884, Virginia, white, male, son, B VA, 1905- 23 Feb- Carroll COunty, VA- Virginia Select Marriages, 1785-1940 • Andrwew F Roberts, Male, Single, age 20, B 1885, Carroll, VA, on 23 Feb 1905 Father WM, mother El;izabeth, Spouse Mollie Monday, file 31087, page 137 1918- 12 Sep- WWI Draft Registration • Andy Floyd Roberts, lives in Cliffview, Carroll, VA, age 34 years, DOB 26 Mar 1884, white, native born, works as farmer, spouse Mrs. Mollie Verilla Roberts. 5'8'', Medium build, dark blue eyes, black hair, no amputations 1930-15 April- 15th US Federal Census- Rossmore Village, Logan Magisterial District, Logan County, West VIrginia • Roberts, Floyd, Head, rents, $12 a month, not a farm, male, white, 48, married, first married at 37 yrs, can read/write, B VA, F VA, M VA, speaks English, miner, coal mines, emplopyed, no other income • Myrtle, Wife-H, female, white, 25, married at age 16, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV, speaks English, no work • Grace, daughetr, female, white, single, 5, not in school, B KY, F VA, M WV, • Lacy, son, male, white, 3 4/12, single, B WV, F VA, M WV • Jean/Gene, son, male, white, 1 8/12, B WV, F VA, M WV 1940- 24 April 1940- Sulphur SPrings Dist., Carroll Co., VA, 16th US Federal Census • Owns home, $400 value, Roberts, Floyd, Head, male, white, 56, widowed, grade 2, B VA, 1935 same house, no salary, other income • Grace, daughetr, female, white, 15, single, grade 4, B VA, 1935 same • Lacy, son, male, white, 13, single, in school, B VA, 1935 same • Jean, son, male, white, 10, single, in school, B VA, 1935 same house • Hazel, daughter, female, white, 8, single, in schoool, B VA, 1935 same house

51 1942- 27 April- Carroll COunty, VA- WWII Draft Registration • Andy Floyd Roberts, Rt. 4, Fairfax, Carroll, VA, 58 yrs old, born in Carroll County, 25 Mar 1884. Contact Charlie Robertss, same address, se;f employes, 5'8", 185 lbs, white, Hazel eyes, Grey hair, Ruddy complexion. 1968- 15 Aug- Death- US Social Security Death INdex, 1935-2014 • Andy Roberts, SSN 230-16-6383, 21084 Jarrettsville, Harford, MD, USA, B 25 Mar 1884, Died Aug 1968, State- VA (before 1951)

52 Appendix P - Violet Maria Wolford Timeline Spouse- Everett Estle COLEMAN (1906-1982) Violet and Carroll's children: Marjorie COLEMAN (1926 – ?) Willie Ray COLEMAN (1927 – 1978) Paul C COLEMAN (1929 – 2003) Carroll Estel COLEMAN (1932 – 1992) Evelyn Coleman (1934 – ?) Billie Jean COLEMAN (1937 – 1995) 1908-12 May- Birth- Kanawha City, Fayette, WV. West Virginia Births Index, 1853-1969. 1910- 7 May- US Federal Census- Kincaid Precinct, Kanawha District, Fayette County, West Virginia, • William M Wolford, head, male, white, 52, 2nd marriage, 15 yrs married, born Ohio, parents Ohio, speaks English, works as laborer, industry odd jobs, not self employed, not unemployed, 8 weeks without work, can read/write, owns property, no mortgage, house not farm, vet 1, Blind 0, Deaf 0. , • Wife Mary V. , female, white, first marriage, 15 yrs married, born WVA, Parents WVA. • Charles C. Son, male, white, 14, single, born WVA, father OHIO, mother WVA, English, can read/write. • Bertha, daughter, female , white 12, single, born WVA, Father OH, Mother WVA, English, can read/write. • Winifred W., Son, male, white, 8, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Henry,, Son, male, white, 7, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Ola M, daughter, female, white, 4, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. • Violet, Daughter, female, white, 2, single, born WVA, father Ohio, mother, WVA, attends school. 1920- 30 Jan- US Federal Census- Kincaid precinct 10, Kanawha district, Fayette county, WV • Wolford, Mary, head, owned home, no mortgage, female, white, 49, married, can read/write, born WV, F US, M US, domestic work at home • Wilson, son, male, white, 17, single, can read/write, laborer at saw mill, wage worker • Henry, son, male, white, 15, single, can read/write, laborer at saw mill, wage worker • Myrtle, daughter, white, 13, single, can read/write, no work • Violet, daughter, white, 12, single, can read/write, no work • Frank, son, white, 9, single, can read/write, school • James, grandson, white, 0, single • Bertha, daughter, white, 21, single, can read/write, no work 1926- 1 May- Marriage- Robson, Fayette, WV, West Virginia Marriages Index, 1785-1971 • Name: Violet M Woolford • Gender: Female • Birth Date: abt 1908 • Age: 18 • Spouse's Name: Everette Estle Coleman • Spouse Gender: Male • Spouse Age: 20 • Marriage Date: 1 May 1926 • Marriage Place: Robson, Fayette, West Virginia • Father's Name: Wm • Mother's name: Mary • Spouse Father's Name: Wm • Spouse Mother's Name: Mary 1930- 8 April- Page, Kanwha District, Fayette Co., WV- 15th US Federal Census- • Coleman, Everett E. Head, rents, $7 a month, owns radio, not a farm, male, white, 23, married at age 19, cannot read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV, teamster at cola mine, employed • Violet M, Wife-H, female, white, 22, married age 18, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV • Marjorie, daughter, female, white, 4 8/12, single, B WV, F WV, M WV • Willie R., son, male, white, 2 6/12, single, B WV, F WV, M WV • Paul C. , son, male, 7/12, single, B WV, F WV, M WV 1940- 26 June- North Page, Kanawha Dist., Fayette, WV 16th US Federal Census • Rent, $12, not a farm, Coleman, Estel, male, white, 33, married, grade 2, B WV, 1935 same house, day worker for coal mines, worked 36 weeks, $1200 annual salary • Violet, female, white, 32, married, grade 5, B WV, 1935 same house • Marjorie, female,white, 15, single, in school, grade 8, B WV, 1935 same • Ray, son, male, white, 13, single in school, grade 6, B WV, 1935 same • Paul, son, male, white, 11, single in school, grade 4, B WV, 1935 same • Karol, daughter, female, white, 8, single, grade 3, B WV, 1935 same • Evelyn, daughter, female, white, 5, single, grade 0, B WV, 1935 same house • Billie Jean, daughter, female, white, 2, single, grade 0, B WV 1983- 27 Aug- Death U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014 about Violet Coleman • Name: Violet Coleman • SSN: 235-64-2470 • Last Residence: 25840 Fayetteville, Fayette, West Virginia, USA • BORN: 12 May 1908 • Died: Aug 1983 • State (Year) SSN issued: West Virginia (1957-1958)

53 Appendix P1 - Everett Estle Coleman Timeline Father- William Shrader COLEMAN (1884 – 1971) Mother- Mary Frances KIRK (1882 – 1938) 1910-1910 United States Federal Census about Estel Coleman Name: Estel Coleman Age in 1910: 4 Birth Year: abt 1906 Birthplace: West Virginia Home in 1910: Kanawha, Fayette, West Virginia Race: White Gender: Female Relation to Head of House: Daughter Marital Status: Single Father's Name: William Coleman Father's Birthplace: West Virginia Mother's name: Mary F Coleman Mother's Birthplace: West Virginia Neighbors: View others on page Household Members: Name Age William Coleman 26 Mary F Coleman 28 Liza F Coleman 8 Verna E Coleman 6 Estel Coleman 4 Danie Coleman 1

1920-1920 United States Federal Census about Estelle Coleman Name: Estelle Coleman Age: 13 Birth Year: abt 1907 Birthplace: West Virginia Home in 1920: Robson, Fayette, West Virginia Race: White Relation to Head of House: Son Marital Status: Single Father's Name: Will Coleman Father's Birthplace: West Virginia Mother's name: Frances Coleman Mother's Birthplace: West Virginia Neighbors: View others on page Household Members: Name Age Will Coleman 35 Frances Coleman 37 Frances Coleman 17 Velma Coleman 15 Estelle Coleman 13 Will Coleman 6 Ethel Coleman 3 Chessie Coleman 2

1926- 1 May- Marriage- Robson, Fayette, WV, West Virginia Marriages Index, 1785-1971 • Name: Violet M Woolford • Gender: Female • Birth Date: abt 1908 • Age: 18 • Spouse's Name: Everette Estle Coleman • Spouse Gender: Male • Spouse Age: 20 • Marriage Date: 1 May 1926 • Marriage Place: Robson, Fayette, West Virginia • Father's Name: Wm • Mother's name: Mary • Spouse Father's Name: Wm • Spouse Mother's Name: Mary 1930- 8 April- Page, Kanwha District, Fayette Co., WV- 15th US Federal Census- • Coleman, Everett E. Head, rents, $7 a month, owns radio, not a farm, male, white, 23, married at age 19, cannot read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV, teamster at cola mine, employed • Violet M, Wife-H, female, white, 22, married age 18, can read/write, B WV, F WV, M WV • Marjorie, daughter, female, white, 4 8/12, single, B WV, F WV, M WV • Willie R., son, male, white, 2 6/12, single, B WV, F WV, M WV • Paul C. , son, male, 7/12, single, B WV, F WV, M WV

54

1940- 26 June- North Page, Kanawha Dist., Fayette, WV 16th US Federal Census • Rent, $12, not a farm, Coleman, Estel, male, white, 33, married, grade 2, B WV, 1935 same house, day worker for coal mines, worked 36 weeks, $1200 annual salary • Violet, female, white, 32, married, grade 5, B WV, 1935 same house • Marjorie, female,white, 15, single, in school, grade 8, B WV, 1935 same • Ray, son, male, white, 13, single in school, grade 6, B WV, 1935 same • Paul, son, male, white, 11, single in school, grade 4, B WV, 1935 same • Karol, daughter, female, white, 8, single, grade 3, B WV, 1935 same • Evelyn, daughter, female, white, 5, single, grade 0, B WV, 1935 same house • Billie Jean, daughter, female, white, 2, single, grade 0, B WV 1982- Death Name: Everette Coleman SSN: 236-10-9701 Last Residence: 25840 Fayetteville, Fayette, West Virginia, USA BORN: 31 Oct 1906 Died: Nov 1982 State (Year) SSN issued: West Virginia (Before 1951)

55 Appendix Q - Frank Wolford Timeline 1910- 07 May 1910 in Page, Fayette, West Virginia, USA, Birth ( U.S. World War II Army Enlistment Records) 1920- 30 Jan- US Federal Census- Kincaid precinct 10, Kanawha district, Fayette county, WV • Wolford, Mary, head, owned home, no mortgage, female, white, 49, married, can read/write, born WV, F US, M US, domestic work at home • Wilson, son, male, white, 17, single, can read/write, laborer at saw mill, wage worker • Henry, son, male, white, 15, single, can read/write, laborer at saw mill, wage worker • Myrtle, daughter, white, 13, single, can read/write, no work • Violet, daughter, white, 12, single, can read/write, no work • Frank, son, white, 9, single, can read/write, school • James, grandson, white, 0, single • Bertha, daughter, white, 21, single, can read/write, no work 1930- 1 April- US Federal Census- Kanawha District, Fayette County, West Virginia • Wolford, Mary, head, rents house $10/mo, female, white, 59, widowed, can read/write, aged 25 at first marriage, born WV, father, WV, mother, WV, speaks English, no occupation • Frank, son, male, white, 19, single, can read/write, born WV, speaks English, Miner, coal mine, unemployed 1934- 18 Sep- Death Certificate 13131, Kincaid, Kanawha district, Fayette county, West Virginia. Mary V. Wolford. Lived in Kincaid, WV, female, white, widowed of William Wolford. Born 12 May 1870, worked as housekeeper, died working. Born in Fayette county, WV, UNKOWN parents, both born in WV. Informant Frank Wolford, burial in Kincaid, WV, 20 Sep 1834. Died at 9:53 p.m. of cerebral hemorrhage, history of arteriosclerosis and hypertension. Signed H.F. Frontman MD, of Page, WV. 1930 United States Federal Census about Frank Wolford Name: Frank Wolford Gender: Male Birth Year: abt 1911 Birthplace: West Virginia Race: White Home in 1930: Kanawha, Fayette, West Virginia Map of Home: View map Marital Status: Single Relation to Head of House: Son Father's Birthplace: West Virginia Mother's name: Mary Wolford Mother's Birthplace: West Virginia Occupation: Education: Military service: Rent/home value: Age at first marriage: Parents' birthplace: View image Neighbors: View others on page Household Members: Name Age Mary Wolford 59 Frank Wolford 19 View Original Record View original image

1940 United States Federal Census about Frank Wolford Name: Frank Wolford Age: 31 Estimated birth year: abt 1909 Gender: Male Race: White Birthplace: West Virginia Marital Status: Single Relation to Head of House: Boarder Home in 1940: Kanawha, Fayette, West Virginia Map of Home in 1940: View map House Number: 148 Inferred Residence in 1935: Kanawha, Fayette, West Virginia Residence in 1935: Same Place Sheet Number: 28A Occupation: Brakeman

56 Attended School or College: No Highest Grade Completed: Elementary school, 5th grade Hours Worked Week Prior to Census: 21 Class of Worker: Wage or salary worker in private work Weeks Worked in 1939: 44 Income: 1187 Income Other Sources: No Neighbors: View others on page Household Members: Name Age Ed Murray 47 Mary Murray 42 James Murray 16 Frank Wolford 31 1942- 28 Mar- U.S. World War II Army Enlistment Records, 1938-1946 about Frank Wolford Name: Frank Wolford Birth Year: 1909 Race: White, citizen (White) Nativity State or Country: West Virginia State of Residence: West Virginia County or City: Fayette

Enlistment Date: 28 Mar 1942 Enlistment State: Kentucky Enlistment City: Fort Thomas Newport Branch: Branch Immaterial - Warrant Officers, USA Branch Code: Branch Immaterial - Warrant Officers, USA Grade: Private Grade Code: Private Term of Enlistment: Enlistment for the duration of the War or other emergency, plus six months, subject to the discretion of the President or otherwise according to law Component: Selectees (Enlisted Men) Source: Civil Life

Education: Grammar school Civil Occupation: Semiskilled miners, and mining-machine operators Marital Status: Single, without dependents Height: 68 Weight: 160 1965- 7 May- West Virginia, Deaths Index, 1853-1973 about Frank Wolford Name: Frank Wolford Birth Date: abt 1910 Death Date: 7 May 1965 Death Place: Kincaid, Fayette, West Virginia Death Age: 55 Occupation: Miner Disabled Race: White Marital Status: Single Gender: Male FHL Film Number: 584761

57 Historical and Contextual Resources Appendix 1 - A West Virginia Timeline 1650-1750

Some entries on this page were taken from "West Virginia USA: A Chronology," in West Virginia USA, published in 1976 by Seawell Multimedia Corporation, Parkersburg, W. Va. Another source is Cole, "Martial Law in West Virginia and Major Davis as 'Emperor of Tug River,'" W. Va. History 43 (Winter 1982), pages 118-144. This page is maintained by Jeff Miller. Assistance was provided by Jenny Morlan, Howard R. Hicks, Merle T. Cole, Vicky Wiley, Steve Kite, Thomas A. Burns, and Jeff Sheets. Contributions are welcome. This page was last revised on July 4, 2010. 1669- John Lederer, German physician in the employ of colonial governor William Berkeley, and his companions reach the crest of the Blue Ridge Mountains and apparently become the first Europeans to see what is now West Virginia. Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, journeys down the Ohio River and lands at several places in what is now West Virginia. 1600-1750 1671- An English expedition led by Thomas Batts and Robert Fallam reaches the New River and explores the New River valley. It descends the river to Peter’s Falls on the future Virginia-West Virginia border and claim for England all the land drained by the New River and its tributaries. 1712- Baron Christopher de Graffenreid visits the Eastern Panhandle looking for land for Swiss families. 1716- Lt.-Gov. Alexander Spotswood and an accompanying party penetrate western Virginia to the peaks of the Alleghenies. His Golden Horseshoe expedition dramatizes the possibilities of westward expansion. 1719- The first church in what would become West Virginia, the Potomoke Church, is founded by Presbyterians at Shepherdstown. 1722- Virginia government allows families to live without paying rent on land owned by the state for ten years to persuade families to move into the newly-settled territories. The Iroquois surrender their claims to land south of the Ohio River, which included the counties in the eastern panhandle. 1725- Fur traders enter the area west of the Appalachians. John Van Nehne, an Indian trader, explores the northern part of western Virginia. 1726- According to tradition, Morgan Morgan makes the first permanent settlement at Bunker Hill on Mill Creek in Berkeley County. He was born in Wales but had lived for many years in Delaware. 1727- Germans from Pennsylvania establish a settlement at New Mecklenburg (now Shepherdstown. 1730- The first recorded grants of land in what would become West Virginia are made to Isaac and John Van Meter. 1731- The first permanent settlement in what is now West Virginia is believed to have been made in what is now Berkeley county by Morgan Morgan. 1732- After 1732, Scotch-Irish, Welsh, and German pioneers begin to settle the western portions of Virginia; Harper’s Ferry is settled. 1742- John Howard and John Peter Salley (Salling) cross the Alleghenies, go down the New and Kanawha Rivers, and then proceed down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to New Orleans. Salley discovers coal on a river he named the Coal River near Racine. This first written reference to the discovery of coal in what is now West Virginia is found in Salley’s diary. The first iron furnace west of the Blue Ridge is constructed by Thomas Mayberry at Bloomery on the Shenandoah River. 1744- All territory between the Allegheny Mountains and the Ohio River is ceded to the English by Indians of the Six Nations for 400 pounds. 1748- George Washington surveys land in western Virginia for Lord Fairfax and visits Bath (now Berkeley Springs). (or 1747) The Harpers Ferry begins carrying passengers across the Shenandoah River. 1749- The first recorded settlement west of the Alleghenies is made near Marlinton by Jacob Marlin and Stephen Sewell. The Ohio Company receives a grant of 500,000 acres of land between the upper Ohio River and the Monongahela and Great Kanawha Rivers. Celeron de Bienville buries lead plates along the Ohio River to affirm French claims to that valley and the interior.

Appendix 1a - A West Virginia Timeline 1750-1800 1750-1800 1750- The first frontier fort, Fort Ohio, is built at Ridgeley in what is now Mineral County. Thomas Walker, on behalf of the Loyal Company, explores the Greenbrier Valley and then enters Kentucky through the Cumberland Gap. 1754- By the time of the French and Indian War (1754-1763), several thousand settlers live in the eastern portion of western Virginia. The war eliminates some settlements and threatens others. May 1, 1754. Hampshire county, Virginia, is formed to provide orderly government for the early pioneers along the upper Potomac. It is created from Augusta, Frederick county. [It is the oldest county in what is now West Virginia.] 1755- General Braddock marches his army through Jefferson, Berkeley and Morgan counties en route to Pittsburgh where he suffered defeat by the French and Indians. Fort Ashby is constructed in what is now Mineral County. It is the last standing unit in the chain of forts built under the orders of George Washington. July 3. The settlement of Draper’s Meadows in New River section is attacked by Shawnee Indians. Nearly all the settlers are killed or captured. 1758- The first settlement at present-day Morgantown takes place. 1762- Dec. 23. The governor of Virginia signs bills of incorporation establishing the towns of Romney and Mecklenburg (later Shepherdstown), the oldest towns in what is now West Virginia. 1763- Harper’s Ferry is incorporated. The British government forbids occupation of lands west of the Alleghenies. 1764- General Horatio Gates, who was second in command to George Washington, settles in Jefferson County (where he lived until 1790). 1765- Clarksburg is settled. 1766- Survey of Mason-Dixon Line reaches western boundary between Maryland and western Virginia. After raids by Delaware and Mingo Indians destroyed it, a new community of Morgantown is founded by Zackquill Morgan (son of Morgan Morgan) in 1766-1767. 1767- Ice’s Ferry, Monongalia County, is settled by Frederick Ice. His son Adam, born the same year, was the first white child born in the Monongahela Valley. Andrew Ice started the first authorized ferry in western Virginia in 1785. 1768- The Iroquois cede lands north of the Little Kanawha River to the British in the Treaty of Fort Stanwix. Treaties made with the Iroquois and Cherokees, who had claimed most of what is now West Virginia, make it safe for pioneers to cross the mountains. The first recorded flood of the Ohio River. The Vandalia Company (or Walpole Co.) is organized and includes all of present West Virginia west of the Allegheny Mountains and eastern Kentucky. Isaac Williams, noted spy and hunter, founds Williamstown. 1769- Hundreds of settlers begin to enter the area which would later become West Virginia. Wheeling is founded by Col. Ebenezer Zane and his brother. 1770- George Washington makes a note in his journal that he saw coal on a visit to his lands in the Ohio and Kanawha valleys. "Harewood," the home of Colonel Samuel Washington, the brother of George Washington, was built in Jefferson County near Charles Town. James Madison later married Dolly Payne Todd there. 1771- John Floyd discovers natural gas in the Kanawha Valley. 1772- George R. Clark explores Ohio and Kanawha rivers. Berkeley county is created from Frederick county. Simon Kenton, adventurer and border scout, and two companions spend the winter in camp on the Elk River near Charleston. They were the first white men to live there.

58 1774- William Morris, Sr., becomes the first permanent English settler in Kanawha county, building a cabin at Cedar Grove at the mouth of Kelly’s Creek. [Walter Kelly had arrived in 1773 but was killed by Indians for trespassing on their hunting grounds. Morris bought the land abandoned by Kelly.] Fort Fincastle (renamed Henry, in 1776) built at Wheeling. Prickett’s Fort built near Fairmont. Oct. 10. The Battle of Point Pleasant between Virginia settlers and militia and a confederacy of Shawnee, Delaware, Wyandot, Cayuga, and other Indian tribes led by Cornstalk. The Virginians win the battle, concluding the campaign known a Lord Dumnore’s War, and extract a treaty from the Indians that forces them to give up much of the disputed land. 1775- Gas discovered near Charleston. 1776- The residents of western Virginia petition the Continental Congress to establish a separate government for their region. A church is established on what is now the Meadowbrook Road, on Rt. 24 in Harrison County. The present building at that site, Smith Chapel, was constructed in 1905-1906. [Karen (Smith) Pennebaker, who supplied this information, believes it is the oldest continuous Methodist congregation in what is now West Virginia.] Oct. The Virginia General Assembly establishes the town of Bath (later called Berkeley Springs). County government west of the Alleghenies begins as Ohio and Monongalia counties are formed from the district of West Augusta. 1777- Indian warfare resumes, and continues throughout the American Revolution. Sept. Indians unsuccessfully besiege Fort Henry. November 10. Indian chieftain Cornstalk, his son, and Chief Red Hawk are murdered by whites at Fort Randolph. 1778- Greenbrier county is created from Botetourt, Montgomery county. Martinsburg is laid out by Adam Stephen, an American Revolutionary military leader. 1782- A Revolutionary War battle is fought at Wheeling; British and Indians attack Fort Henry. Sept. 10. Second siege of Fort Henry. This is considered by many the last battle of the Revolution. 1783- Settlers west of the Allegheny Mountains attempt to create a new state called "Westsylvania." 1784- Mason and Dixon’s line accepted as Virginia-Pennsylvania border. Harrison county is created from Monongalia county. 1785- The Rehoboth Church, said to be the first Protestant church west of the Alleghenies, is built near Union in Monroe County. (However, see an entry in 1776.) 1786- Hardy county is created from Hampshire county. Oct. Charles Town is chartered by the Virginia General Assembly, laid out on 80 acres of land owned by Charles Washington, the youngest brother of George Washington. The town’s name was originally Charlestown. 1787- Randolph county is created from Harrison county. Apparently the first publication printed within the state is a pamphlet by James Rumsey, A Short Treatise on the Application of Steam, which may have been printed in Shepherdstown. 1788- Virginia ratifies the federal Constitution. Kanawha county is created from Greenbrier and Montgomery county; Pendleton county is created from Augusta, Hardy, Rockingham county. The first permanent white settlement is built at what is now Charleston. The settlement occurred around Fort Lee, at the present intersection of Brooks Street and Kanawha Boulevard. 1789- Daniel Boone is commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Kanawha Militia. The road from Winchester reaches Clarksburg. 1790- The Potomak Guardian and Berkeley Advertiser, western Virginia’s first newspaper, is published in Shepherdstown, by Nathaniel Willis. In 1791 the newspaper was moved to Martinsburg. In 1799, Nathaniel Willis moved to Martinsburg and began the Martinsburg Gazette. First U. S. census shows population of 55,873 in the part of Virginia that would later become West Virginia. 1791- Daniel Boone is elected as a delegate to the Virginia Assembly. He walked the entire way to Richmond to take his seat. 1792- June 30. The first post office in what is now West Virginia is established at Martinsburg. 1794- Peter Tarr constructs the first iron furnace west of the Alleghenies at King’s Creek, in the northern panhandle. "Mad Anthony" Wayne’s victory at Fallen Timbers (Ohio) halts Indian attacks in what is now West Virginia. December 19. Charlestown (Charleston) is established by the Virginia General Assembly. The total population was 35 people living in seven houses. 1795- Daniel Boone and family leave Kanawha Valley. 1797- Brooke county is created from Ohio county. The second newspaper in what would become West Virginia, the Impartial Observer, is established at Shepherdstown. The same press printed the first book printed in what is now West Virginia, The Christian Panoply, in the same year. Harman Blennerhassett purchases an island in the Ohio River near Parkersburg, where he built his famous mansion. 1798- Wood county is created from Harrison county. Mecklenburg is renamed Shepherdstown by the Virginia Assembly. 1799- Monroe county is created from Greenbrier county. Appendix 1b - A West Virginia Timeline 1800-1850 17501800-1850 1800- By 1800 there are 78,000 people in what is now West Virginia, with 35,000 west of the Alleghenies. There are 13 counties, 8 post offices, and at least 19 incorporated towns. 1801- Jefferson county is created from Berkeley county. 1803- The Monongalia Gazette and Morgantown Advertiser becomes the first newspaper west of the Alleghenies. 1804- Mason county is created from Kanawha county. Jan. The Monongalia Gazette and Morgantown Advertiser is published at Morgantown. 1805- Harman Blennerhassett and Aaron Burr are said to have plotted to conquer territory of the U. S. south of the Ohio River on an island in the Ohio River (now Blennerhasset Island). 1806- First salt well is drilled in Great Kanawha Valley, increasing production from 150 to 1250 pounds a day by 1808. 1807- Wheeling’s first newspaper, the Repository, is published. 1808- Lewisburg Academy (later the Greenbrier Military School) opens its doors to boys, according to West Virginia Yesterday and Today by Conley and Stutler. [A footnote implies the 1808 date comes from the West Virginia Encyclopedia. The 1956 West Virginia Blue Book states the school was founded as Lewisburg Academy "in 1808 or 1809" and the school was chartered by the Virginia Assembly in 1812. According to a historical booklet on the 160th anniversary of Greenbrier county, "Tradition has it that the Old Lewisburg Academy was founded in 1810, but there is no record of the exact time."] 1809- Cabell county is created from Kanawha county. 1810- Western Virginia protests unequal representation in Virginia legislature. Oil is discovered. Parkersburg is adopted as the new name for the town previously known as Newport and Stokeleyville. Clarksburg’s first newspaper, the Bye-Stander, is published. 1814- Tyler county is created from Ohio county. Linsly Institute is established at Wheeling. (The building was used as the first capitol building of West Virginia.) The Monongalia Academy is established at Morgantown. 1815- [Or 1816] James Wilson discovers the nation’s first natural gas well at Charleston, in a site near the present Capitol complex. 1816- Lewis county is created from Harrison county. 1817- Kanawha Salt Company, first trust in United States, organized. The first bank in what is now West Virginia, the Northwestern Bank of Virginia, opens. 1818- The Cumberland Road (or National Road) is completed from Cumberland, Maryland, to Wheeling. Nicholas county is created from Greenbrier, Kanawha, Randolph county; Preston county is created from Monongalia county. Charles Town is renamed Charleston. The first commercial coal mine near Fairmont is opened. 1820- Morgan county is created from Berkeley, Hampshire county. Charleston’s first newspaper, the Kenawha Spectator, is published. 1821- Pocahontas county is created from Bath, Pendleton, Randolph county. 1823- The Christian Baptist begins publication. It is the first religious newspaper in what would become West Virginia. 1824- Logan county is created from Cabell, Giles, Kanawha, Tazewell county. 1825- Marquis de Lafayette and his son arrive in Wheeling on a tour of the U. S.

59 1829- Controversy between eastern and western sections of Virginia flares up in constitutional convention; Virginia counties west of the Allegheny Mountains protest when the state convention draws up a constitution that favors the slave-holding counties in representation. 1830- The Wheeling Gazette proposes separation of western Virginia from eastern Virginia. 1831- Slavery debates magnify divisions in Virginia’s political and social thought. Fayette county is created from Greenbrier, Kanawha, Logan and Nicholas county; Jackson county is created from Kanawha, Mason, Wood county. 1833- A cholera epidemic strikes the Wheeling district, killing 23 in one day. 1834- The Ohio Mining Company, the first commercial coal company in the Kanawha Valley, is incorporated. 1835- Marshall county is created from Ohio county. Oct. 14. John Templeton, John Moore, Stanley Cuthbert, and Ellen Ritchie are charged with illegally teaching blacks to read in Wheeling. This incident was among twelve such cases in Wheeling. [Sheeler, The Negro in West Virginia Before 1900, page 126] 1836- The first railroad reached the state at Harpers Ferry. Wheeling is incorporated as a city. Braxton county is created from Kanawha, Lewis, Nicholas county. June. Railroad bridge into Harpers Ferry from Maryland is completed. 1837- Mercer county is created from Giles, Tazewell county. Marshall Academy (later Marshall University) is established in Guyandotte (later named Huntington). 1838- Apr. 4. Virginia Assembly creates Town of Beckley. 1840- Bethany College, the oldest degree-granting college in what is now West Virginia, is founded by Alexander Campbell, under the control of the Christian church. 1841- The Staunton-Parkersburg Turnpike is completed, extending from Staunton, Virginia, to Parkersburg. 1842- Wayne county is created from Cabell county; Marion county is created from Harrison, Monongalia county. 1843- Barbour county is created from Harrison, Lewis, Randolph county; Ritchie county is created from Harrison, Lewis, Wood county. Fairmont is so named. 1844- Taylor county is created from Barbour, Harrison, Marion county. 1845- Doddridge county is created from Harrison, Lewis Ritchie, Tyler county; Gilmer county is created from Kanawha, Lewis county. 1846- Wetzel county is created from Tyler county. 1847- Boone county is created from Cabell, Kanawha, Logan county. The first telegraph line reaches what is now West Virginia, when a tap wire from a main line on the western side of the Ohio River is put into use at Wheeling. 1848- Hancock county is created from Brooke county; Putnam county is created from Cabell, Kanawha, Mason county; Wirt county is created from Jackson, Wood county. 1849- Oct. 30. The 1010-foot Wheeling Bridge is completed. From 1849 until 1851 it was the longest bridge in the world; it was blown down in 1854. Appendix 1c - A West Virginia Timeline 1850-1870 1850-1900 1850- Raleigh county is created from Fayette county; Wyoming county is created from Logan county. 1851- Joseph Johnson of Bridgeport is elected Governor, the only governor of Virginia to come from the western sector and the first to be chosen by popular vote. A new constitution grants concessions to the west. Upshur county is created from Barbour, Lewis, Randolph county; Pleasants county is created from Ritchie, Tyler, Wood county. 1852- The Intelligencer, the oldest daily newspaper in what is now West Virginia, is established in Wheeling. Dec. 24. Completion of the B&O Railroad to Wheeling. Work on the line had begun in 1828. When it was completed, it stretched 370 miles from Baltimore to Wheeling and was the longest railroad in the world. 1854- The Wheeling Bridge is blown down by high winds. (A new span was completed in 1856.) 1856- Calhoun county is created from Gilmer county; Roane county is created from Gilmer, Jackson, Kanawha county; Tucker county is created from Randolph county. 1857- The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad reaches Parkersburg. 1858- Clay county is created from Braxton, Nicholas county; McDowell county is created from Tazewell county. The Woodburn Female Seminary is located in Morgantown. 1859- The Rathbone Well, the first successful well drilled purposefully for oil in what would become West Virginia, was drilled on Burning Springs Run in Wirt County. Martinsburg is incorporated as a city. October 16. John Brown and his followers raid the Federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry. Dec. 2. John Brown is hanged in Charles Town. 1860- The 1860 census shows Charleston’s population is 1,520. A commercial oil well is drilled at Burning Springs. Webster county is created from Braxton, Nicholas, Randolph county. 1861- During the Civil War the part of Virginia which would become West Virginia contributes about 32,000 soldiers to the Union Army and about 10,000 to the Confederate cause. Union victories drive the Confederate forces out of the Monongahela and Kanawha valleys, and throughout the remainder of the war the Union holds the region west of the Alleghenies and controls the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in the north. Apr. 17. The Virginia state convention votes to secede from the Union, contingent on approval by popular vote. May 13-15. Delegates from 25 counties meet at the First Wheeling Convention, repudiating the secession from the Union. May 23. Virginia’s ordinance for secession is ratified, but a large majority of voters in the western counties voice their opposition. June 3. The first land battle of the Civil War is fought at Philippi, according to one accounting. June 11-25. The second Wheeling convention formally restores the government of Virginia on a loyal basis and chooses Francis H. Pierpont of Fairmont as governor. (After two senators, selected by this government to represent the Unionists of Virginia, had been accepted by Congress the new statehood movement formally began.) Aug. 6. Second Wheeling convention reconvenes. Aug. 20. Second Wheeling convention adopts a dismemberment ordinance that provides for the formation of a new state to be called Kanawha. Oct. 24. In a public referendum, voters overwhelmingly support creation of a new state, to be called Kanawha. Nov. 11. Union troops burn the town of Guyandotte in Cabell County in retaliation for a raid the previous day by the Confederate cavalry. Nov. 26. Second Wheeling convention reconvenes, changes name of new state to West Virginia, begins to draft a constitution, and extends the boundaries of the new state. 1862- Jan. Seven men meeting in Parkersburg form the Colored School Board of Parkersburg and organize a day school for black children, the first public school for blacks in what is now West Virginia [Wood County, W. Va., in Civil War Times by H. C. Matheny and Historical Hand Atlas...and Histories of Wood and Pleasants Counties, West Virginia (1882)]. A newspaper article in 1888 stated, "In effect, it was a free school, and the only one manned by colored men in the United States, except the Gaines High School in Cincinnati, O., at that time, and the first school established for colored youth south of the 'Mason and Dixon' line." The newspaper article gives the date as Dec. 1862 but two other sources give Jan. 1862. Apr. Voters approve the new Constitution for West Virginia. May 13. The legislature of the "Restored Government of Virginia" petitions the U. S. Congress for admission. May 23. Union troops defeat Confederates at Lewisburg. July 14. The West Virginia Statehood bill is passed by the Senate, changing the slavery provision of the West Virginia Constitution to allow for the gradual emancipation of slavery. Sept. 13. The Battle of Charleston takes place, after which the city is occupied by Union troops. Dec. 31. President Lincoln approves the act of admission to the Union, to take effect upon the insertion into the State constitution of a clause that would provide for the gradual emancipation of slaves. 1863- Parkersburg is incorporated. April 20. President Lincoln issues a proclamation admitting West Virginia to the Union after a 60-day waiting period. April 27. Confederate General William Jones attempts to burn the suspension bridge over the Monongahela River. April 29. Jones defeats Union troops at Fairmont and burns the library of Francis H. Pierpont. June 20. West Virginia is admitted to the Union as 35th state. The new state begins to function as Arthur I. Boreman of Parkersburg is inaugurated at Wheeling as the first governor. July 15. The governor approves an act giving blacks the same rights to criminal trial as whites, but denying them the right to serve on a jury. 1864- The first West Virginia popular vote for President: Lincoln, 23,152; McClellan, 10,438 1865- First free public school in state opens in Charleston. Feb. 3. The governor approves an act abolishing slavery, providing for the immediate emancipation of all slaves.

60 April 9. The Civil War ends. 1866- The state constitution is amended to deny citizenship and suffrage to all persons who had supported the Confederacy. Moundsville is selected as the site for the state penitentiary. Mineral county is created from Hampshire county; Grant county is created from Hardy county. A hospital for the insane is completed at Weston, the first public institution in the state. May 24. Voters ratify constitutional amendment denying citizenship to all who aided the Confederacy. June 9. The Monongalia Academy and the Woodburn Female Seminary are offered to the Legislature for use as a college. (In the following year, the Legislature accepts the offer, establishing the Agricultural College of West Virginia.) 1867- The legislature establishes the Agricultural College of West Virginia in Morgantown. Lincoln county is created from Boone, Cabell, Kanawha, Putnam county. Fairmont State College is established. (It developed from the Fairmont Academy, which was founded in 1852.) Storer College is established at Harpers Ferry to educate former slaves. It remained in operation until 1955. Jan. 16. The state Legislature ratifies the Fourteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution. 1868- The Agricultural College of West Virginia is renamed West Virginia University. 1869- Feb. 10. Charleston is named the seat of government "on and after April 1, 1870." (The seat is shifted to Wheeling in 1875 but restored to Charleston permanently in 1885.) March. The Preston County Courthouse burns; all records are destroyed. March 23. The West Virginia State Senate ratifies the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution by a vote of 10 to 6, with 6 either absent or abstaining. (The previous day, the House of Delegates ratified the amendment by a vote of 22 to 19.) Appendix 1d - A West Virginia Timeline 1870-1895 1870- Charleston is incorporated. 1870 census: West Virginia’s population is 442,014. School for the Deaf and Blind established at Romney. Huntington is founded as the western terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad by Collis P. Huntington, president of the railroad. The Legislature establishes West Liberty State College. Apr. 1. The state capitol is moved from Wheeling to Charleston. Oct. 3. The first brick street in the world is laid in Charleston, according to an Internet source. 1871- The Flick Amendment to the state constitution is adopted, granting suffrage to all male citizens regardless of race. Summers county is created from Fayette, Greenbrier, Mercer, Monroe county. April 27. All persons stripped of their voting privileges in 1866 have their citizenship restored. 1872- Victorious Democrats formulate a new constitution at Charleston; it is ratified by the voters. An act of the Legislature establishes a branch normal school at Concord for the training of teachers. [The school later became Concord College and, in 2004, Concord University.] A hotel is constructed in Charleston for those doing government business. 1873- The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway completes its line across the state, from White Sulphur Springs to Huntington. The Kanawha Chronicle (now the Charleston Gazette) is established. The paper was also known as the Kanawha Gazette and the Daily Gazette before the name was officially changed to the Charleston Gazette in 1907. Joseph Harvey Long purchases the Huntington Herald. He installed and operated the first stereotype and linotype in West Virginia. March 12. The governor approves acts authorizing that only white males over the age of 21 could serve on juries. June 11. Charleston Mayor Snyder and the city council appoint Ernest Porterfield as a police officer, the first black to receive a public job in Kanawha County and possibly West Virginia. Within one hour, the remainder of the white police force, including Chief Rand, resigned. Rather than ask for Porterfield’s resignation, Snyder hired a new force. [Sheeler, The Negro in West Virginia Before 1900, page 202.] 1875- State capital moved to Wheeling. 1876- Broaddus College moves from Winchester, Virginia, to Clarksburg. (In 1909 the college moved to Philippi. It was later combined with Alderson Junior College to become Alderson-Broaddus College.) 1877- July. Governor Mathews sends the state militia to Martinsburg, where Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers had been stopping trains to protest wage cuts. When many militia members sympathized with the strikers, President Rutherford B. Hayes dispatched federal troops to break the first national labor strike. The strike spread to Maryland, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and New York. Aug. 7. In a public referendum, state residents decide whether Charleston, Clarksburg, or Martinsburg is to become the permanent site of the capital. [Thirty days after the election, Gov. Henry M. Mathews proclaimed that after eight years, Charleston would be the government’s permanent seat.] 1879- The first oil pipeline in West Virginia is completed, running 15 miles from Volcano to Parkersburg. Later in 1879 the town and the oil field at Volcano were burned. The Bloch brothers begin the manufacture of Mail Pouch tobacco at Wheeling. In Wheeling, a telephone line is installed between the two Behrens grocery stores, apparently the first telephone connection in West Virginia. 1880- Governor Mathews sends militia to Hawks Nest to stop the state’s first major coal strike. 1880 census: West Virginia’s population is 618,457. A telephone exchange is installed in Wheeling, the first in the state. June 22. Beckley’s first newspaper, the Raleigh County Index (later the Raleigh Register), begins publishing (or possibly June 15). 1881- Feb. 3. The governor approves a bill allowing all eligible voting citizens, including blacks, to be jurors. (In their October 1879 Taylor Strauder decision, the U.S. Supreme Court had found the West Virginia law forbidding blacks from serving on juries to be unconstitutional.) [Sheeler, The Negro in West Virginia Before 1900, page 206] 1882- The Wheeling electric light plant begins operation. A telephone exchange is installed in Parkersburg. Twenty-year-long Hatfield-McCoy feud erupts. 1883- The building of the Norfolk and Western Railroad brings railway service to McDowell, Mercer, and other counties in southern West Virginia. The first long distance line in the state is constructed, to connect Wheeling to Pittsburgh. A telephone exchange is installed in Charleston. 1884- The Ohio River floods Huntington. Telephone exchanges are installed in Huntington and Moundsville. 1885- Charleston becomes the permanent state capital. The National Gas Co. of West Virginia is established, producing gas from northern panhandle wells. 1886- The Mountain Brook mine disaster at Newburg takes 39 lives. Nov. 12. Electric lights first shine on Huntington’s streets. 1887- Huntington replaces Barboursville as the Cabell county seat. 1888- Aretas Brooks Fleming, who appears to have lost the election for Governor by 130 votes to Nathan Goff Jr., contests the election, disputing the vote counts in several counties and appealing to the legislature to choose him as the rightful winner. [The legislature failed to act by the end of Wilson’s term on March 4, 1889, and both Goff and Fleming were sworn in as governor. As president of the state senate, Robert S. Carr also claimed the governorship. The state Supreme Court decided Wilson should remain governor until the matter was settled. In January 1890, the legislature, controlled by Democrats, declared Fleming to be Governor.] Barboursville Seminary is established at Barboursville. (This college later was renamed Barboursville College, Morris Harvey College, and the University of Charleston.) Salem Academy (later Salem College) is established at Salem. The Logan Banner is founded. It was first published and edited by Henry Clay Ragland. [Information from the newspaper web site.] 1889- The faculty of West Virginia University votes to allow admission of women. (The state Legislature had earlier rejected legislation to make WVU a coeducational institution.) Drilling operations near Mannington initiate an oil boom on a modern scale. The Huntington Advertiser begins publication. 1890- United Mine Workers of America is formed. West Virginia Wesleyan College is established at Buckhannon. The Office of the Inspector of Mines for the coal industry is created. Joseph Harvey Long starts the Wheeling News. 1890 census: West Virginia’s population is 762,704. The largest cities are Wheeling, 34,522; Huntington, 10,108; Parkersburg, 8408; Martinsburg, 7226; and Charleston, 6742.

61 1891- Mar. 4. The state Legislature passed an act establishing the West Virginia Colored Institute at Institute (later West Virginia State College). The act is approved by the Governor on March 17. Nov. 28. The first intercollegiate football game at WVU is played, against Washington & Jefferson College. 1893- The Huntington Herald, later the Herald-Dispatch, begins publication.

Appendix 1e - A West Virginia Timeline 1895- 1920 1895- Mingo county is created from Logan county. Feb. 21. The state Legislature passes an act establishing the Bluefield Colored Institute, later Bluefield State College. (The act became law without the approval of the governor on February 28.) 1896- George W. Atkinson is elected Governor, the first Republican governor since the Reconstruction period. Voters elect the first black to the state legislature, Christopher Payne of Fayette County. [Sheeler, The Negro in West Virginia Before 1900, page 211] Oct. 6. Rural free mail delivery begins in Charles Town, first in United States. [or October 1] 1897- Mary Harris "Mother" Jones is sent into West Virginia for the first time to organize miners, and delivers speeches in Monongah and Flemington. Aug. 3. "The Great Lewisburg Fire" causes significant damage in the Greenbrier county town. Dec. 16. A notorious public hanging at Ripley takes place, prompting the legislature to turn over the responsibility for executions to the state government. The hanging of John Morgan is the last public hanging in West Virginia. Sources also give March 18, 1897, or sometime in 1896 for the hanging. [Tom T. Hall has written a song about this event, The Last Public Hanging in Ripley, West Virginia.] 1898- In the Spanish American War West Virginia furnishes two regiments of volunteer infantry. Nov. 16. The trial of Williams v. Board of Education of Tucker County began. (Carrie Williams was a black teacher in the segregated school system of Tucker County. The board of education tried to save money by cutting the black school term from eight to five months. Williams taught for the entire eight-month term and sued the board for the extra three-months' pay. Williams' lawyer J. R. Clifford argued that black schools should receive the same funding and have the same rights as white schools. Williams' court victory was the first in the nation to determine discrimination on the basis of color to be illegal.) [Trotter, Honoring Our Past, pages 184-186] 1899- Fairmont is incorporated as a city. Oct. 10. The first state-sponsored execution in West Virginia takes place, at the state penitentiary in Moundsville. 1900-1950 1900- June 8. The Raleigh Herald (later the Beckley Post-Herald) begins publishing. 1901- Governor George W. Atkinson requests the Legislature to name a state flower. (The state superintendent of free schools asked children to select the flower, and the rhododendron was chosen.) Fayette County citizen Morris Harvey makes large gifts to Barboursville College, which changes its name to Morris Harvey College. 1902- Mother Jones campaigns to unionize 7,000 miners in Kanawha Valley. 1903- A pavilion is built in Huntington for picnics, square dancing, and family reunions. It eventually became Camden Park. 1904- Davis and Elkins College is established at Elkins. 1905- Morgantown is incorporated as a city. 1906- Jan. 4. 22 are killed at Coaldale mine in Mercer County. Jan. 18. 18 are killed at Detroit mine in Kanawha County. Feb. 8. 23 are killed at Parral mine in Fayette County. Mar. 22. 23 are killed at Century mine in Barbour County. 1907- Jan. 29. Mine disaster at Stuart in Fayette County kills 84 (or 88). Feb. 4. 25 are killed at Thomas mine in Tucker county. Dec. 6. Explosions at a coal mine at Monongah kill 362 men and boys in the worst mine disaster in U. S. history. 1908- May 10. According to one accounting, the first Mother’s Day service is held at St. Andrews Methodist Church in Grafton. 1909- White Sulphur Springs is incorporated. Beckley newspaper, The Messenger, is established. Jan. 12. Mine disaster at Switchback kills 67. 1910- The Governor of West Virignia makes the second Sunday in May Mother’s Day. Weirton Steel Company buys some farms in Hancock county and begins to build one of the most modern steel plants in the world. Mar. 24. Mount Hope destroyed by fire. 1912- Paint Creek-Cabin Creek miners strike to gain recognition of the United Mine Workers of America. On three separate occasions, Governor Glasscock declares martial law and sends in troops. Martial law was imposed until January 1913. State prohibition becomes effective. Mar. 26. Mine disaster at Jed kills 83. Apr. 13. Fire damages many businesses in Beckley. Sept. 21. Mary Harris "Mother" Jones leads a march of miners' children through the streets of Charleston. 1913- The first units of the Greenbrier resort are built. Feb. 12. Mary Harris "Mother" Jones leads a protest of conditions in the West Virginia mines and is arrested. (On May 8, newly-elected Governor Hatfield released her from jail.) Mar. 27-30. Huntington and Parkersburg are flooded by the Ohio River. Thousands were left homeless. 1914- April 28. Mine disaster at Eccles kills 192. Oct. 14. A glass manufacturing plant, later part of the Owens-Illinois Company, begins operations in Huntington. 1915- The Supreme Court of the United States rules that West Virginia owes Virginia more than $12.3 million as part of the state debt at the time of separation. Mar. 2. Mine disaster at Layland kills 112. 1916- November. A proposed amendment to the state Constitution allowing suffrage for women is rejected by voters. 1917- U. S. enters World War I. West Virginia Selective Service registrants number nearly 325,000. Over 45,000 see active service and 624 are killed in action. Natural gas production in West Virginia reaches its peak. May 26. Governor Cornwell signs bill creating the Department of Special Deputy Police, a wartime internal security force serving in the absence of the federalized West Virginia National Guard. Major Thomas B. Davis, acting Adjutant General, is named superintendent. The department is the direct lineal predecessor of the West Virginia State Police. [Cole, "Department of Special Deputy Police, 1917-1919," W. Va. History 44 (Summer 1983), pages 321-333] December. The business district of Mullens is destroyed by a fire. Dec. 30. Coldest temperature ever in West Virginia: minus 37 in Lewisburg. 1918- Fire destroys the Charleston Gazette building at 909 Virginia St. The newspaper was moved to 227 Hale St., where it remained for 42 years. 1919- Governor Cornwell discourages an armed miners' march by promising to address the miners' grievances. Mar. 31. Following a bitter legislative battle, Governor Cornwell signs bill creating the Department of Public Safety (West Virginia State Police). The WVSP is the fourth oldest state police agency in the United States, following Pennsylvania, New York and Michigan. [Cole, "Birth of the West Virginia State Police, 1919-1921," W. Va. History 43 (Fall 1981), pages 1-20] Sept. Miners march on Logan county to unseat Sheriff Don Chafin whose deputies assaulted and evicted union organizers who entered the county. The march was ended after federal military forces were activated at the request of Governor John J. Cornwell. November. A nationwide coal strike occurs.

Appendix 1f - A West Virginia Timeline 1920-1940 1920- UMWA membership booms in Mingo County following the "Matewan Massacre." John L. Lewis becomes President of the United Mine Workers of America. Jan. UMW moves its unionization campaign from Logan to Mingo County. Mother Jones delivers a speech of support. May 19. Matewan Chief of Police Sid Hatfield attempts to arrest detectives hired by coal operators to evict families of fired union miners from company housing. In the shootout that followed, ten

62 people died including Matewan Mayor Cable C. Testerman. The "Matewan Massacre" makes Sid Hatfield a folk hero to miners throughout the state and a national celebrity. August 28. Governor Cornwell requests federal troops to guard the mines of southern West Virginia. They arrive in Williamson the next day. Sept. Rioting in Williamson follows attempts of local coal operators to import strikebreakers into the area. Nov. 27. Following strike-related violence and the killing of a state trooper, Governor Cornwell proclaims martial law in Mingo County. (The state had no military force, the National Guard not having been reorganized after service in World War I.) 1921- West Virginia miners fight with mine guards, police, and federal troops in a dispute over organizing unions. The first football game ever broadcast on radio is heard on KDKA, Pittsburgh. West Virginia University vs the University of Pittsburgh. Jan. 3. State capitol at Charleston is destroyed by fire. (A new capitol was built in the early 1930s along the Kanawha River.) May 12. "Three Day’s Battle" begins along both shores of the Tug River, with sniping by strikers at state police, deputies and coal company officials. May 18. Mingo County sheriff authorizes State Police Captain Brockus to assume responsibility for law enforcement in the county. "Volunteer state police" organized. May 19. Governor Morgan proclaims martial law in Mingo County. Major Thomas B. Davis, acting Adjutant General, named executive agent to administer the proclamation. June 14. Davis and Brockus lead state police and vigilantes in a raid on the Lick Creek tent colony, in retaliation for further sniping incidents. 47 strikers arrested and locked in the Williamson jail. (State supreme court invalidates martial law proclamation, citing complete absence of military forces in Mingo County. Governor Morgan issues second proclamation on June 27, directing sheriff to enroll 2 companies of militia for 60-days service; volunteer state police disbanded.) July 1. West Virginia’s sales tax becomes effective. West Virginia becomes the first state to have a sales tax, according to an Internet source. July 14. U. S. Senate Committee on Education and Labor begins a three-month investigation of the crises in West Virginia’s coal mining industry. August 1. Matewan Chief of Police Sid Hatfield is shot and killed on the steps of the McDowell County Courthouse in Welch, in revenge for the Matewan Massacre of the previous year. August 7. One thousand miners present Governor Morgan with a resolution calling for an end to martial law in Mingo County. August 21. First unit of West Virginia National Guard-- Company I, 150th Infantry--reactivated at Williamson. By the end of the year, 11 National Guard companies were organized--all but one situated in or near the nonunion coal fields. August 23. John H. Charnock appointed Adjutant General, replacing Major Davis. August 25. Governor Morgan asks President Harding for federal troops and military aircraft, saying miners have been inflamed and infuriated by radical officers and leaders. Sept. 3. A cease fire ends the Battle of Blair Mountain. Sept. 4. Federal troops march up Hewitt Creek in Logan County. Efforts to unionize the southern West Virginia coal fields are ended with the arrival of the 10th U. S. Infantry. 1922- Radio station WHD is licensed to West Virginia University, becoming West Virginia’s first radio station. The license was deleted in 1923. May. International Nickel Company plant begins operation in Huntington. May. "Treason Trial" at Charles Town, Jefferson County, of union members accused of participating in the march on Logan and Battle of Blair Mountain. Sept. 22. Martial law rescinded in Mingo County. 1923- The state’s oldest surviving radio station - WSAZ - begins broadcasting at Pomeroy, Ohio. It later moved to Huntington. 1924- Apr. 28. Mine disaster at Benwood kills 119. Feb. 12. Beckley’s first daily newspaper, the Evening Post, begins publication. April 1. A strike begins against the coal operators in the north. The bitter struggle goes on for three years. May 16. A Beckley newspaper reports that a fire destroyed a business block in Welch last Tuesday morning. 1925- Governor Morgan and his wife become the first residents of the present Governor’s Mansion one week before leaving office. Late March. Black leaders protest the showing of D. W. Griffith’s Birth of a Nation, scheduled to open at the Rialto Theatre in Charleston on April 1, on the grounds it violated a 1919 state law prohibiting any entertainment which demeaned another race. Mayor W. W. Wertz and the West Virginia Supreme Court supported their argument and prevented the showing of the film. [Posey, The Negro Citizen of West Virginia, pages 70-71] The west wing of the present state capitol is completed. 1926- Huntington’s first span across the Ohio River, the Sixth Street Bridge, opens. Dec. 6. Wheeling radio station WWVA signs on the air. 1927- Fire destroys the temporary "pasteboard capitol," built after the old capitol burned in 1921. Apr. 30. Mine disaster at Everettville kills 97. Oct. 12. Charleston radio station WOBU (later WCHS) signs on the air. 1928- Jan. 10. Minnie Buckingham Harper is appointed a member of the House of Delegates by Governor Howard Gore, becoming the first black woman state legislator in the U. S. She was appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, E. Howard Harper, of Welch April. 34 inches of snow fall in a 24-hour period in Bayard, Grant County, setting a state record May. The Keith-Albee Theater, one of the largest in the nation, opens in Huntington. 1929- The state flag is adopted. 1930- Mar. 30. The New-Kanawha Power Company breaks ground on the Hawks Nest Tunnel and Dam, part of the New River power project, with an estimated 800 men employed. Over the next five years, at least 476 workers, mostly migrant blacks from the South, died from silicosis. Some of the dead were buried in a mass grave to hide the actual number of casualties. Fifty years later, one study placed the death toll as high as 764, making it the worst industrial disaster in U. S. history. [Martin Cherniack, Hawks Nest Incident: America’s Worst Industrial Disaster, and Tim McKinney, Elkem Metals: Ninety Years of Progress in the Kanawha Valley.] 1931- Dec. 10. Two blacks accused of killing two white constables are forcibly removed from the Greenbrier County jail and lynched by a mob of white men. 1932- The Democratic candidate for Governor, Herman G. Kump, is elected in a political landslide brought about by the Great Depression. The present state capitol is dedicated. Mar. 18. Mass murderer Harry Powers is hanged. His case had attracted national attention. Fall. Voters approve an amendment to the state Constitution to limit property taxes. 1933- June 20. The new state capitol is dedicated. July 1. An act of the state legislature abolishes the magisterial and independent school districts, merging them into 55 county school boards. 1934- State prohibition law is repealed. The first of more than 150 New Deal homestead communities is established in Arthurdale, Preston County, by the Roosevelt Administration. [Arthurdale was considered a favorite project of Eleanor Roosevelt and she visited often, the last time in September 1960 for the dedication of the Arthurdale Community Presbyterian Church. See www.arthurdaleheritage.org] 1935 1936- Morris Harvey College moves from Barboursville to Charleston. July 10. Martinsburg temperature reaches 112, the highest temperature ever in West Virginia. The state Constitution is amended to allow home rule for cities with populations over 2,000. 1937- Jan. 26-27. Huntington’s worst flood paralyzes the entire city and leaves 6000 homeless. Parkersburg is also flooded. 1938- The Tygart Dam on the Tygart River completed. The Mingo Oak, largest and oldest white oak tree in the U. S., is declared dead and felled with ceremony. 1939- West Virginia makes the final payment of its debt to Virginia.

Appendix 1g - A West Virginia Timeline 1940-1965 1940- Jan. 10. A mine explosion at Bartley in McDowell County kills 91. Dec. 17. 9 killed in a mine disaster in Raleigh. 1941- U. S. enters World War II. During the war, the first and largest synthetic rubber plant in the U. S. opens near Charleston. West Virginia industries furnish many chemical products. Dec. 19. The first German and Hungarian diplomats arrive at The Greenbrier. During the war, 1700 persons from foreign countries were imprisoned there. 1942- February 6. Governor Neely orders activation of West Virginia State Guard, an internal security force serving in the absence of the federalized National Guard. At maximum strength, the State Guard consisted of two regiments, a separate battalion, and small special units. The last unit was disbanded June 30, 1947. [Cole, "Organizational Development of the West Virginia State Guard, 1942-1947," W. Va. History 46 (1985-86), pages 73-88; Cole, "West Virginia’s State Defense Forces," Trading Post 66 (April-June 1987), pages 30-33]. July 1. A military transport crashes into a mountain near Welch, killing 21.

63 1943- U. S. Supreme Court rules, in West Virginia State Board of Education vs Barnett, that schools cannot require students to recite the Pledge of Allegiance. Vast salt deposits are discovered in the northwestern part of West Virginia. 1944- June 23. North-central West Virginia is battered by the Shinnston Tornado, perhaps the most powerful tornado ever to enter the state. According to a 1999 article in the Charleston Daily Mail, there were 152 deaths, 116 of which were in West Virginia. About 60 people were killed in and near Shinnston. A listing of the deadliest tornadoes in U. S. history shows 100 deaths and ranks it as the fourteenth deadliest tornado. 1945 1946- Major chemical industries begin operating in the Ohio River valley. Aug. 15. West Virginia’s first FM station, WCFC in Beckley, begins broadcasting. 1947- The state’s coal production reaches 173.7 million tons, more than any previous year. More than 167,000 miners are employed. 1948- May 22. Huntington Fire Lieutenant Leonard Hartz and firefighter William Booth are killed in the line of duty while conducting river operations on the Ohio River. Both drowned when the small boat they were riding in was overtaken by the swift current and capsized underneath a moored barge while searching for a drowning victim. 1949- Mar. 4. Seven firemen are trapped and burned to death fighting a fire at Woolworth’s store in Charleston. At least fifteen other firemen were injured. Oct. 24. WSAZ-TV in Huntington begins regular programming. It is the first television station in the state, originally operating on channel 5. 1950-2000 1950- Elizabeth Simpson Drewry of McDowell County becomes the first black woman elected to the House of Delegates. She served until 1964. [West Virginia Blue Book] Nov. 25-27 Heavy snow, up to 30 inches or more, falls on parts of West Virginia. Lumberport, 12 miles north of Clarksburg, had a 42-inch snowfall, according to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Parkersburg received 33.3 inches; Elkins received 29.5 inches. 1951- Apr. 8, 1951. A National Guard plane crashes while attempting to land at Kanawha Airport, killing 21 airmen, all but one West Virginians. The plane slammed into a hillside near Little Sandy Creek, north of Charleston. Seven officers and twelve enlisted men died on impact and two officers were thrown clear of the wreckage but died later of severe burns. The airmen were from Kentucky’s Godman Air Force Base, where they were training for overseas duty during the Korean War. All but one of the dead were West Virginians, most from the Charleston area. July 17. Elizabeth Kee of Bluefield is elected to complete the unexpired term of her husband, Rep. John Kee, who had died in May. She became the first woman in West Virginia history to serve in Congress. 1952- The Bluestone Dam on the New River is completed. Construction begins on the West Virginia Turnpike. Nov. 26. Seventeen women and children die in a fire at the Huntington State Hospital (mental institution) and 275 residents are rescued by firefighters. Huntington firefighters were hampered by steel mesh and bars on the windows of the three-story hospital ward built in 1896. It was the largest rescue effort in the city’s history. 1953- Jan. 1. Country music star Hank Williams, age 29, is found to have died in the back seat of a car by his driver after he stopped at a Pure Oil service station in Oak Hill. 1954- State legislature passes a law allowing blacks to attend state colleges and universities. Wheeling College is founded. Aug. 15. Charleston television station WCHS-TV signs on the air. Nov. 8. The entire 88 miles of the West Virginia Turnpike from Charleston to Princeton is opened to the public. 1955 1956- New aluminum plant opens at Ravenswood. Nov. 6. Voters approve jury service for women. (West Virginia became the last state to allow women to serve on juries, according to one source. A newspaper article before the election reported that West Virginia was one of four states that did not allow women on juries, the others being Alabama, Mississippi, and South Carolina.) A Republican, Cecil H. Underwood, is elected Governor; Democrats had controlled state politics since 1933. 1957- George Howard Mitchell is appointed the first black Assistant Attorney General in West Virginia. 1958- Dec. Former Garnet High School coach James R. Jarrett is named head basketball coach at Charleston High School, the first black in the state to be appointed head coach at a previously all-white public school. [Johnson, Integration in West Virginia Since 1954, page 44.] 1959- Operations begin at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory at Green Bank. March 1. 101st Special Forces Operational Detachment FC formed from existing units in the West Virginia Army National Guard. Reorganized as Headquarters and Companies A and B, 16th Special Forces Group (Airborne) in 1961. Redesignated 19th Special Forces Group in 1966, then as 2d Special Forces Battalion, 19th Group in 1972. Units currently active in Ceredo and Kingwood. [Cole, "Mountaineer Green Berets: Special Forces Units in the West Virginia Army National Guard," Journal of the W. Va. Historical Assn. 9 (Spring 1985), pages 26-60]. 1960- John F. Kennedy defeats Hubert Humphrey in West Virginia presidential primary, virtually assuring Kennedy of Democratic nomination and ending the political issue of his Catholicism. The plight of West Virginians in poverty is brought to national attention. Jan. 26. Danny Heater of Burnsville High School scores 135 points in a high school basketball game, earning him an entry in the Guinness Book of World Records. Feb. 6. The Saturday Evening Post publishes a cover story "The Strange Case of West Virginia," featuring photographs showing dilapidated houses, junked cars and beautiful scenery. Mar. 8. A fire in the Island Creek Coal Co. No. 22 mine at Holden kills 18 miners. May 4. A Presidential debate between Democratic candidates Hubert Humphrey and John Kennedy is broadcast nationally from the studios of WCHS-TV. It was sponsored by the Charleston Gazette and WCHS-TV. 1961- The Legislature creates the Public Employees Retirement System, the Department of Natural Resources, the Air Pollution Control Commission, the Human Rights Commission, the Industrial Development Authority, and the Department of Commerce. 1962- The world’s largest movable radio telescope begins regular operations at Green Bank (it collapsed in Nov. 1988). The state legislature votes approval of funds to supply birth control information and aid to welfare recipients. 1963- State legislature approves issuance by counties or municipalities of tax-exempt industrial development bonds for the financing of new or expanding industries. 1964 Appendix 1h- A West Virginia Timeline 1965-Present 1965- A major gas field is found near Charleston. Jan. 18. Capital punishment is abolished. 1966- The Summersville Dam on the Gauley River is dedicated. July 23. Seven miners are killed in an explosion at the Siltix Mine near Mount Hope 1967- The Legislature passes laws to control air and water pollution and strip mining. Dec. 15. Silver Bridge at Point Pleasant collapses, resulting in 46 deaths. It had been built in 1928. 1968- Mass dismissals of state highway workers follow a strike for union recognition. Aug. 10. Thirty-five passengers and crew members are killed when a Piedmont Airlines plane attempting to land in thick fog crashes at Kanawha County Airport. It was the worst airplane crash in the history of the airport. Nov. 20. Explosions and fire in a Farmington coal mine kill 78. The disaster led to new mine safety laws. 1969- Former Governor W. W. "Wally" Barron is sentenced to a five-year prison term for tampering with a jury. Dec. 9. Tony Boyle is reelected President of the UMWA. Twenty-two days later, his challenger, Jock Yablonski and his wife and daughter were murdered in their Pennsylvania home by hired gunmen. Tony Boyle was later convicted in connection with the murders. Dec. 30. President Nixon signs into law the Coal Mine Health and Safety Act. 1970- Nov. 14. A Southern Airways plane carrying almost the entire Marshall University football team, coaches, and other athletic department personnel, crashes on a hillside as it approaches Tri-State Airport in Huntington. All 75 aboard were killed. 1971- June 20. Huntington Fire Captain John Cannon is killed in the line of duty while fighting a fire at the Standard Ultra Marine colorant plant. Several explosions rocked the plant, injuring 15 fire fighters. Captain Cannon suffered a heart attack at the scene after the explosions and after he was exposed to poisonous smoke and chemicals from the burning pigments facility. Nov. 12. Gov. Arch Moore negotiates the end of a 44-day national coal strike which had nearly 40,000 miners in West Virginia. 1972- Arch A. Moore, Jr., becomes the first governor of West Virginia to succeed himself since 1872. Feb. 26. A coalwaste dam collapses at Buffalo Creek near Man resulting in a flood that kills 125 people. [This total included four persons never found and three babies who could not be identified.] Dec. 22. Arnold Miller, a retired coal miner, becomes the first native West Virginian to head the United Mine Workers union, defeating incumbent "Tony" Boyle.

64 1973 1974- Sept. 12. The Kanawha County school board begins removing controversial textbooks and students at George Washington High School in Charleston walk out in protest. Coal miners staged a wildcat strike in support of the textbook critics; many county schools were closed during the 1974-1975 school year because of boycotts and bombings by citizens' groups crusading against what they considered to be unpatriotic and immoral textbooks. 1975- Major resurgence in the state’s coal industry. 1976- Governor Arch Moore is acquitted by a federal court of charges that he had accepted bribes from businessmen seeking a bank charter. A wildcat mine strike begins in Logan and spreads to eight other states. A medical school is established at Marshall University, giving West Virginia a second major medical training center.

65 Appendix 2 - Meadow Bridge

Page 2 - Sunday Register, Beckley, W. Va., Sunday, May 12, 1946- A Sermon Set the Tone 100 Years Ago, Meadow Bridge Is a Big Little Town, By Eugene L. Scott MEADOW BRIDGE -- "Fifty years ago Meadow Bridge was just a laurel thicket," says Ed Gwinn, long time merchant in this Fayette County town and a grandson of Squire John Gwinn, first settler in the Meadow Bridge area. Squire John's grandson remembers when about the most common site in Meadow Bridge was a fox running across the road in front of you "That was the period when nothing more than a bridal path provided an outlet to Hinton, save for the winding, tortuous trail down Meadow Creek to New River, where the farmers could catch a train to Summers County seat. Although the town is located in Fayette County, it was virtually cut off from Fayetteville for many years. A hundred years ago a few years after John Gwinn settled near Meadow Bridge, the early settler brought the first preacher here. He preached in John Gwinn's house, to the Pioneers who had congregated there. The text of that first sermon delivered in this section -- "This Day Salvation Come To Thine House" -- seems to have set the pattern of life in this farming center. For here one finds that the activities of the town are strongly centered in the three churches and the community's modern high school. IN THE MUD FOR YEARS - Probably no community in Southern West Virginia so well illustrates the advantage of good roads as does Meadow Bridge. Until a decade ago residents had to depend on the Sewell Valley Railroad as an outlet to neighboring towns. The roads to Rainelle, Hinton and Danese, to the west, were impassable during the winter months. Anybody who has been here ten years will tell you of the wagons that used to mire down to the hub right here in the town. OTHER EARLY SETTLERS- After Squire John Gwinn came Dan Griffin, who settled southwest of town, built a log house, cleared the land and engaged in farming and stock raising. Next came Caleb Lively who settled one mile east of the present town. Then came Adam Hutchinson who took up all the bottom land up to and around Beelick Knob and beyond. This land was all well timbered a hundred years ago, and these early settlers had their hands full protecting their flocks of sheep and herds of swine from the wolves, bears and other wild animals that roamed the wilderness region around Meadow Creek. FIRST CALLED MONTRODE- About 1890 a post office was established here and was called Montrode. Bill Sweetwood was the first postmaster. In 1908 the Meadow River Lumber Company built the 20-mile branch line from Meadow Creek, on New River to Rainelle -- and that was the beginning of Meadow Bridge as a town. Theodore Clute, a Virginia lumber man, came in with the railroad to set up a saw mill. This timber man promptly had the name of the town changed to "Clute," and he became the postmaster, and first merchant within the present limits of the town. "There was nothing but a house or two and a little old log school house before the railroad came", says Ed Gwinn. But the railroad brought "foreigners" and outside capital. The Hutchinson Lumber Company bought a large tract of timber land in 1913, and later the firm brought in a large band mill which sawed millions of feet of lumber. Theodore Clute laid off 366 acres in lots and sold them to individuals. Houses were erected and stores sprang up. A town was in the making. PROGRESS WAS SLOW- It is a mistake to assume that progress is possible only in the cities. Here in this little farmer center, where the "hitching post" stands alongside the community building, one can sense the endless struggle of a people to improve their lot by fighting for roads, for better schools, and other improvements. Progress has been slow here because the town was virtually isolated from the county seat for man years. It took a hard fight to get a high school, in 1924. Prior to that time, Meadow Bridge's young people finished the eighth grade and started to work. There was no high school for them to attend. However, in 1938 the road between Hinton and Rainelle, which passes through Meadow Bridge, was hardsurfaced. A year previous, the seven-mile road between Meadow Bridge and Danese had also been hardsurfaced, connecting the town with Route 41 and providing an outlet to the western part of Fayette County. INCORPORATED IN 1920- July 26, 1920, was an important date in the development of Meadow Bridge, for on that day, J.F. Hedrick, E.F. O'Dell, H.E. Fife, C.A. Malcolm, O.J. Walkup and Logan Gwinn petitioned the Fayette Circuit Court for a certificate of incorporation. Circuit Clerk John Nuttall issued the certificate -- and 318 acres of land were embraced within a town. Charlie Withrow was the first mayor. Others who have followed him are F.F. Cooper, A.B. Reynolds, A.T. Thomas, W.A. Patton, C.C. Rose, W.A. Harrah, Rev. W.R. Smith, C.C. Rose, K.S. Patton, and the present mayor, W.A. Harrah, who is serving his fourth term. The present city officials are Mayor Harrah, Recorder A.B. Clay, Councilmen K.S. Patton, Carl Farley, E.H. Garten, C.H. Vandell, and Frank Arritt. "Roads have improved conditions here 100 per cent," says Mayor Harrah, speaking of the progress of the town. However, local citizens are still battling for another section of road. The thickly-populated section between Meadow Bridge and Backus is impassable during the winter months. "We need that road bad," Mayor Harrah emphasized. The distance between the two communities is 13 miles, and there are 85 homes along the way. Elzie Kincaid who had ridden his horse in from that section, stopped at the mayor's office and explained the situation: "Sometimes we have to have a doctor out there, and you can't get through with a car. You have to come after the doctor with a horse. If any place needs a road it's our section."

66 Appendix 3 - Deepwater-Tidewater- Virginian Railway

The Deepwater Railway was an intrastate short line railroad located in West Virginia in the United States which operated from 1898 to 1907. William N. Page, a civil engineer and entrepreneur, had begun a small logging railroad in Fayette County in 1896, sometimes called the Loup Creek and Deepwater Railway. It extended from an interchange at Deepwater with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) on the south bank of the navigable Kanawha River 4 miles (6.4 km) up a steep grade into the mountainous terrain southward, following the winding Loup Creek to reach a sawmill at Robson which was owned by the Loup Creek Estate. It was operated by the C&O under a verbal agreement. In 1898, the Deepwater Railway was incorporated, and an extension was planned to reach nearby coal deposits in the general area of Glen Jean. In 1902, assisted by silent partner, millionaire industrialist Henry H. Rogers of Standard Oil fame, Page expanded his plans, first to extend further in West Virginia, and then to the state line with Virginia. In 1907, the Deepwater Railway was acquired by its sister Tidewater Railway to form the Virginian Railway.Early in the 20th century, William Nelson Page, a civil engineer and coal mining manager, joined forces with a silent partner, industrialist financier Henry Huttleston Rogers (a principal of Standard Oil and one of the wealthiest men in the world), to develop the Deepwater Railway, a modest 85-mile long short line railroad to access untapped bituminous coal reserves in some of the most rugged sections of southern West Virginia. When Page was blocked by collusion of the bigger railroads, who refused to grant reasonable rates to interchange the coal traffic, he did not give up as they no doubt had anticipated. As he continued building the original project, to provide their own link, using Rogers' resources and attorneys they quietly incorporated another intrastate railroad in Virginia, the Tidewater Railway. In this name, they secured the right-of-way needed all the way across Virginia to reach Hampton Roads, where a new coal pier was erected at Sewell's Point. The two projects were legally joined and renamed the Virginian Railway in early 1907. Despite efforts to stop them, they then built the "Mountains to Sea" railroad right under the noses of the big railroads and the elite group of a few industrialists (so-called "robber barons") who controlled them. Completed in 1909, the Virginian Railway was largely financed through Rogers' personal fortune. It was a modern well-engineered railroad with all-new infrastructure and could operate more efficiently than its larger competitors. Throughout a profitable 50-year history, VGN continued the Page-Rogers philosophy of "paying up front for the best." It achieved best efficiencies in the mountains, rolling piedmont, and flat tidewater terrain. Known for operating some of the largest and best steam, electric, and diesel motive power, it became nicknamed "Richest Little Railroad in the World." Merged into the Norfolk and Western Railway in 1959, a large portion of the former VGN remains in service in the 21st century for the Norfolk Southern Railway, a Class I railroad headquartered in Norfolk, a few blocks from the former Virginian Railway offices in Norfolk Terminal Station.

67 Appendix 4 - WM and Paulina Wolford Runaway Tragedy The Raleigh Herald, 13 July 1911, Page 1 BADLY HURT IN RUNAWAY; Mrs. W.M. Wolford, the Victim, is Still in a Precarious Condition AT CAMPBELL HOSPITAL; Three Others Suffered Minor Injuries by Being Thrown from the Vehicle Terrible injuries were sustained Sunday by Mrs. W.M. Wolford, of this city, in a runaway near Mt. Tabor on the road to Harper while she and Mr. Wolford, with their two children, were accompanying Mr. Wolford’s sister, Miss Annie Wolford, to the Virginian station at Harper on her return to her home in Carlyle, Fayette county, after a visit in this city. The runaway team was a pair of saddle horses from the stable of Stover & Stover here, for whom Mr. Wolford works as a driver here. He had secured from the owners of the stable their consent to use a team to take his sister to the station, and the weather promising a nice drive to Harper and back for his family, he decided at the last moment to take them along. When he arrived at the stable he found the driving horses all out, but being a competent driver decided to hitch up the two saddle horses for the occasion. The party left Beckley about 9:30, and Mr. Wolford states everything went well until they were passing the residence of C.C. Tucker just outside of town where they met an automobile, at which the horses became badly frightened. For the Time being, the animals were held in check, but did not regain their composure and in going down the steep hill near Mt. Tabor, began running away again. Here Mr. Woolford soon lost control of the team and the wagon bumped violently along over the stones and rough places in the road until Mrs. Wolford was thrown out, but caught on the rig in some manner and was and dragged along for a distance of about 600 feet. At the foot of the hill Daniel Phipps and others succeeded in stopping the maddened horses, but not before Mr. Wolford, his sister and one child had also been throw out. Mr. Phipps rushed to a telephone and hurriedly summoned Dr. D.W. Snuffer who arrived on the scene in his automobile in remarkable time, considering the condition of the road. He found that Mrs. Wolford’s injuries were very serious if not fatal. All the clothing was torn from the lower part of her body and her limbs were terribly cut and bruised; a large portion of her scalp was torn off, her face badly cut and one arm broken in several places. After applying restoratives she was made as comfortable as possible in the doctor’s automobile, and hurried back to the Campbell Hospital, arriving there just forty-five minutes after the doctor received the call. Mrs. Wolford is a young woman of twenty-six or eight, and has about an even chance for recovery, provided there are no internal injuries which the doctors as yet are unable to ascertain. Mr. Wolford, his sister, and the one child suffered only minor injuries, while the second child was wholly uninjured.

68

Appendix 5 - Timeline of Generations

1433-1460- Arthurian 1461-1482- Humanist 1483-1511- Reformation 1512-1540- Reprisal 1541-1565- Elizabethan 1566-1587- Parliamentary 1588-1617- Puritan 1648-1673- Glorious 1674-1700- Enlightenment 1701-1723- Awakening 1724-1741- Liberty 1742-1766- Republican 1867-1781- Compromise 1792-1821- Transcendental 1822-1842- Gilded 1843-1859- Progressive 1860-1882- Missionary 1883-1900- Lost 1901-1924- GI 1925-1943- Silent 1943-1961- Baby Boom 1961-1981- Gen X 1982-2005- Millennial 2005-2025- Homeland

69 Appendix 6 - Genealogy Source Records Checklist

Souces Check List

⃝ Family Members ⃝ State Genealogical Societies ⃝ Local Genealogical Societies ⃝ Federal Census ⃝ 1890 Veterans Schedule ⃝ Mortality Schedule ⃝ Social Security Death Records ⃝ Special Censuses ⃝ State Census ⃝ Birth Records ⃝ Wills ⃝ Church Records ⃝ Marriage Records ⃝ Administration Papers ⃝ School Records ⃝ Banns/Bonds ⃝ Guardianships ⃝ Employment ⃝ Tax Records ⃝ Newspapers/Obituaries ⃝ Licenses ⃝ Immigration ⃝ City Directory ⃝ Death Records ⃝ Passenger Lists ⃝ Lineage Societies ⃝ Cemetery Records ⃝ Naturalization Records ⃝ Fraternal Organizations ⃝ Tombstone ⃝ Passport ⃝ Civil Court ⃝ Land Record ⃝ Divorce Records ⃝ Bible Records ⃝ Grantor/Grantee ⃝ Military Records ⃝ Deeds ⃝ Other Records:

70 JEFFREY (Boone) BICKMORE (Clay) Thurmond Coal Co. Spruce River Coal Co. No company names given EXPORT (Fayette) KEITH (Boone) CLAY (Clay) Export Coal Co. Appendix 7- Columbus-Darby Coal Co. Elliott Splint Coal Co. FAYETTE (Fayette) Hopkins Fork Coal Co. DORFEE (Clay) Ajax Coal Co. West Virginia Keith Coal Mining Co. Fairfax Collieries Co. FAYETTEVILLE (Fayette) LAVILLE (Boone) Thompson Block Coal Co. No specific coal companies Coal Mines Warner Block Coal Co. DUNDON (Clay) given. MADISON (Boone) Elk River Coal & Lumber Co. FINLOW (Fayette) No County Given Madison Mining Co. HARTLAND (Clay) Scotia Coal & Coke Co. BEND (no county given) Murphy Coal Co. Hartland Coal Co. FT. DEFIANCE (Fayette) Spruce Bend Coal Co. MORDUE (Boone) Jones Winifrede Coal Co. Fort Defiance Coal & Coke BUCHANNON Mordue Collieries Co. Midlothian Jewel Coal Co. Co. Pecks Coal Co. MORRISVALE (Boone) QUEEN SHOALS (Clay) GAMOCA (Fayette) DIXIE (No county given) Horse Creek Block Coal Co. J.W. Hanson & Son Mine Midvale Colliery Co. Bell Creek Lumber Co. NELLIS (Boone) SWANDALE (Clay) GARTEN (Fayette) HERBERTON American Rolling Mill Co. Elk River Coal & Lumber Co. No specific coal No specific coal ORGAS (Boone) UPWOOD (Clay) companies given. companies given. Vermillion Coal Co. Kanawha Standard Coal Co. GLEN FERRIS (Fayette) HICKORY CAMP (No OTTAWA (Boone) WIDEN (Clay) Electro Metallurgical Co. county given) Coal River Co. Elk River Coal & Lumber Co. GLEN JEAN (Fayette) Paint Creek Collieries PRENTER (Boone) C.P. Callaway Coal Co. HUGHEY Big Mountain Coals FAYETTE Collins Colliery Co. Parsons Coal Co. Coal River Collieries ANSTED (Fayette) New River Co. IFRAGREE (No county given) The Collieries Co. Gauley Mountain Coal Co. Nichol Colliery Co. Cranberry Fuel Co. Red Parrot Coal Co. Mill Creek Colliery Co. HAREWOOD (Fayette) PENNOIS Sharlow Gas Coal Co. BACHMAN (Fayette) Kanawha & Hocking Coal & Pennois Coal & Coke Co. RAMAGE (Boone) Atlantic Coal & Iron Co. Coke Co. SUMMERVILLE (No county Spruce River Coal Co. Maryland Coal Mining Co. HARVEY (Fayette) given) RIDGEVIEW (Boone) BEARDS FORK (Fayette) DeWitt Fuel Co. Oglebay Norton Co. Ridgeview Coal Co. Loup Creek Colliery Co. Harvey Coal & Coke Co. WALNUT HILLS (No county ROCK BOTTOM (Boone) BELLWOOD (Fayette) New River Co. given) Dell Coal Co. Bellwood Coal Co. INGRAM BRANCH (Fayette) Walnut Hills Coal Co. RUMBLE (Boone) Dorkent Coal Co. Ingram Branch Coal Co. Coal River Collieries Co. Greenbrier Colliery Mary Frances Coal Co. BARBOUR SECOAL (Boone) BEURY (Fayette) JODIE (Fayette) BROWNTON (Barbour) Standard Eagle Coal Co. Southern Smokeless Coal Co. Gauley Mountain Coal Co. Taggert Coal Co. SETH (Boone) BONCAR (Fayette) KAYMOOR (Fayette) CENTURY (Barbour) Coal River Collieries Co. Electro Metallurgical Co. Low Moor Iron Co. Century Coal Co. Laurel Creek Fuel Co. West Virginia Eagle Coal Co. KILSYTH (Fayette) GALLOWAY (Barbour) SHAMROCK (Boone) BOOMER (Fayette) McKell Coal & Coke Co. Simpson Creek Collieries Co. Eagle Mines, Inc. Boomer Coal & Coke Co. New River Co. MERIDEN (Barbour) R.R. Smith Coal Co. BOONE (Fayette) KIMBERLY (Fayette) Lee J. Sandridge Coal Co. SHARLOW (Boone) Maryland New River Coal Indian Run Collieries Co. Meriden Coal Mining Co. Sharlow Gas Coal Co. Co. KINGSTON (Fayette) WEAVER (Barbour) SILUSH (Boone) CANNELTON (Fayette) Kingston-Pocahontas Coal No specific coal companies Scott Coal Co. Cannelton Coal & Coke Co. Co. given. Siler Coal Corp. CARBONDALE (Fayette) Solvay Collieries West Virginia Southern Coal Kanawha & Hocking Coal LANDISBURG (Fayette) BOONE Co. and Coke Co. Babcock Coal & Coke Co. ACTMAN (Boone) VAN (Boone) CARLISLE (Fayette) LAUREL CREEK (Fayette) Pinnacle Block Coal Co. Youghiogheny & Ohio Coal White Oak Fuel Co. Laurel Creek Coal Co. ALTMAN (Boone) Co. CLAREMONT (Fayette) LAWTON (Fayette) Peak Coal Co. WHITESVILLE (Boone) Beechwood Coal & Coke Co. Greenwood Coal Co. BRUSH CREEK (Boone) S. & G. Coal Co. CLIFFTOP (Fayette) Hemlock Hollow Coal & Brush Creek Coal Co. Seng Creek Coal Co. Babcock Coal & Coke Co. Coke Co. CAMEO (Boone) West Virginia Southern Coal CONCHO (Fayette) Quinnimont Coal Co. Cameo Splint Coal Co. Co. Consolidated Coal Co. LAYLAND (Fayette) COALBLOOM (Boone) Rock Lick Smokeless No specific coal companies Halcon Coal Co. BRAXTON Coal Co. given DARTMONT (Boone) BOWER (Braxton) CUNARD (Fayette) LICK FORK (Fayette) Orlandi Coal Co. Copen Gas Coal Mines Coal Run Coal Co. Lick Fork Collieries Co. R.B. Jones Coal Co. BRAXTON (Braxton) DERRYHALE (Fayette) LOCHGELLY (Fayette) DOBRA CAMP (Boone) Brown & Wood Store McKell Coal & Coke Co. Stuart Colliery Co. Boone County Coal PALMER (Braxton) DUNLOOP (Fayette) New River Co. Corporation Hollywood Lumber & Coal Dunn Loop Coal & Coke Co. LONGACRE (Fayette) GARRISON (Boone) Co. EAGLE (Fayette) Kanawha & Hocking Coal & Webb Coal Mining Co. SUTTON (Braxton) Big Mountain Coal Co. Coke Co. GORDON (Boone) Sutton Chemical Co. Kanawha Rail & River Semet-Solvay Co. Detroit Mining Co. Coal Co. LONG BRANCH (Fayette) GREENVIEW (Boone) BROOKE ELK RIDGE (Fayette) CCB Smokeless Coal Co. Valco Coal Co. LAZEARVILLE (Brooke) Black Betsy Consolidated MacDONALD (Fayette) HIGHCOAL (Boone) Gilchrest & Sons Coal Co. Coal Co. MacDonald Colliery Co. Anchor Coal Co. WELLSBURG (Brooke) Indian Run Collieries Co. MAHAN (Fayette) JARROLDS VALLEY (Boone) A. Gilchrest & Son Coal Co. ELMO (Fayette) Christian Colliery Co. Leevale Coal Co. Standard Mining Co. Elmo Mining Co. Kreb's Mine JAVINS (Boone) ELVERTON (Fayette) MARTING (Fayette) Bull Creek Mining Co. CLAY Branch Coal & Coke Co. Columbus Iron & Steel Co. Javins Coal Co. BEN TREE (Clay) ERSKINE (Fayette) MEADOW BRIDGE (Fayette) Coal Bell Coal Co. Lotts Creek Coal Co. Beelick Knob Coal Co. 71 Pocahontas Smokeless Coal WHIPPLE (Fayette) Short Line Coal Co. Co. Co. New River Co. EHLEN (Harrison) BURNWELL (Kanawha) MILBURN (Fayette) White Oak Fuel Co. Consolidation Coal Co. Imperial Colliery Co. Milburn By-Products Coal WILLIS BRANCH (Fayette) ENTERPRISE (Harrison) CARBON (Kanawha) Co. Hill Anderson Coal Co. Consolidation Coal Co. Carbon Fuel Co. MINDEN (Fayette) Willis Branch Coal Co. GYPSY (Harrison) CEDAR GROVE (Kanawha) New River and Pocahontas WINONA (Fayette) Consolidation Coal Co. Kanawha By-Products Coal Consolidated Colliery Co. Keeney's Creek Colliery Co. HEZIBAH (Harrison) Co. MONTGOMERY (Fayette) Maryland New River Coal Co. Hutchinson Coal Co. Kanawha & Hocking Coal & Eureka Coal Co. WYNDAL (Fayette) LOST CREEK (Harrison) Coke Co. MORGANETTE (Fayette) Deitz Colliery Co. California Coal Co. CHEROKEE (Kanawha) Morganette Coal Co. Long Fuel Co. Cabin Creek Consolidated MT. HOPE (Fayette) List of Coal Mines LUMBERPORT (Harrison) Coal Co. Lee Coal Co. Hutchinson Coal Co. CINCO (Kanawha) New River Co. Listed by County Seminole Gas Coal Co. Dixport Coal Co. NUTTALLBURG (Fayette) McWHORTER (Harrison) New Export Coal Co. Eli Smokeless Fuel Co. Page 2 National Fuel Co. COALBURGH (Kanawha) Fordson Coal Co. Submitted by: Frieda Davison MEADOWBROOK (Harrison) Coalburgh-Kanawha Maryland New River Coal Co. Cook Coal & Coke Co. Mining New River Smokeless Coal Co. Hutchinson Coal Co. Co. Stover Coal Co. GILMER MT. CLARE (Harrison) COFOCO (Kanawha) Thurmond New River Coal Co. GILMER (Gilmer) Hutchinson Coal Co. Coal Fork Coal Co. PAGE (Fayette) Davis Colliery Co. West Fork Mining Co. CROWN HILL (Kanawha) Loup Creek Colliery Co. OWINGS (Harrison) Crown Hill Coal Co. Page Mining Co. GRANT Consolidation Coal Co. Puritan Coal Co. POWELLTON (Fayette) BAYARD (Grant) PINE BLUFF (Harrison) Riverton Coal Co. Elkhorn Piney Coal Mining Emmons Coal Mining Co. Berry Fuel Co. DANA (Kanawha) Co. Seminole Gas Coal Co. Campbell's Creek Coal Co. PRUDENCE (Fayette) GREENBRIER PINNICKINNICK (Harrison) DECOTA (Kanawha) New River Co. ANJEAN (Greenbrier) Consolidation Coal Co. Belleclare Coal Co. Prudence Coal Co. Leckie Smokeless Coal Co. REYNOLDSVILLE (Harrison) Carbon Coal Co. QUINNIMONT (Fayette) BELLBURN (Greenbrier) Hutchinson Coal Co. DETROIT (Kanawha) Quinnimont Coal Co. Greenbrier Smokeless SHINNSTON (Harrison) Paint Creek Collieries Co. RED STAR (Fayette) Coal Bingamon Valley Coal Co. DONWOOD (Kanawha) Star Coal & Coke Co. Co. Crawford Coal Co. Eureka Coal Co. ROBSON (Fayette) CHARMCO (Greenbrier) Fairmont & Baltimore Coal & DRY BRANCH (Kanawha) Mary Frances Coal Co. Charmco Smokeless Coal Co. Coke Co. Dorothy Glenn Coal SCARBRO (Fayette) Midland Smokeless Coal Co. Fidelity Coal Co. Mining New River Co. CLEARCO (Greenbrier) Harrison Coal Co. Co. White Oak Fuel Co. Clear Creek Coal Co. Hutchinson Ehlen Coal Co. Dry Branch Coal Co. SECOMA (Fayette) CRICHTON (Greenbrier) Shinnston Coal Co. EIGHT (Kanawha) Sewell Valley Coal Co. Johnstown Coal & Coke Co. Virginia-Maryland Coal Corp. No specific coal companies West Virginia Pocahontas Meadow Creek Coal Co. VIROPA (Harrsion) given. Collieries Co. DUO (Greenbrier) Consolidation Coal Co. ESKDALE (Kanawha) SEWELL (Fayette) Clear Creek Coal Co. WILSONBURG (Harrsion) Don Coal Co. Babcock Coal & Coke Co. FORT SPRING (Greenbrier) Clark Coal Co. Kanawha Coal Corporation SMITHERS (Fayette) Acme Limestone Co. Madeira Hill Clark Coal Co. West Virginia Southern Coal W.R.Johnson Coal Co. LESLIE (Greenbrier) Turkey Run Coal Co. Co. STONE BRANCH (Fayette) Johnstown Coal & Coke Co. WOLF SUMMIT (Harrsion) Wyatt Coal Co. R.R. Smith Coal Co. Nelson Fuel Co. Hutchinson Coal Co. GALLAHER (Kanawha) Stone Branch Coal Co. MARFRANCE (Greenbrier) Wolf Summit Coal Co. Wacomah Fuel Co. STONE CLIFF (Fayette) Margarette Coal Co. WORTHINGTON (Harrison) GREENBRIER (Kanawha) C.A. Brockman Inc. Mine QUINWOOD (Greenbrier) No specific coal companies Paint Creek Collieries Co. Pugh Coal Co. Imperial Smokeless Coal Co. given. GRIPPE (Kanawha) West Virginia Coal Co. RAINELLE (Greenbrier) WYATT (Harrison) Pax Collieries Co. SUMMERLEE (Fayette) Low Ash Smokeless Fuel Co. Consolidation Coal Co. HANDLEY (Kanawha) New River Co. Meadow River Smokeless Chesapeake Mining Co. Stuart Colliery Co. Coal Co. KANAWHA HANSFORD (Kanawha) SUN (Fayette) RONCEVERTE (Greenbrier) ACME (Kanawha) Crown Hill Coal Co. New River Colliery Co. No specific coal companies Cabin Creek HEATHERMAN (Kanawha) THAYER (Fayette) given. Consolidated Central By-Products Coal Co. Ephraim Creek Coal & Coke Coal HUGHESTON (Kanawha) Co. HAMPSHIRE ACUP (Kanawha) Empire Fuel Co. THURMOND (Fayette) ROMNEY (Hampshire) Middle Fork Block Coal Hugheston Gas Coal Corp. Cadle Ridge Coal Co. No specific coal companies Co. Kanawha Coals, Inc. Fort Branch Collieries Co. given. AMELIA (Kanawha) ILLINI (Kanawha) Weewin Coal Co. Amelia Coal Co. Illini Coal Co. TOURISON (Fayette) HARRISON BELLE (Kanawha) KAYFORD (Kanawha) No specific coal companies BRISTOL (Harrison) Cedar Grove Collieries Cabin Creek given. Wolfe Cummit Coal Co. Frye Coal Co. Consolidated TRACE FORK (Fayette) BRYON (Harrison) BIRCH FORK (Kanawha) Coal Co. Trace Fork Coal Co. Cook & Hart Coal Co. West Virginia Southern Truax-Traer Coal Co. TURKEY KNOB (Fayette) CLARKSBURG (Harrison) Coal LAING (Kanawha) Turkey Knob Coal Co. Clarksburg Gas Coal Co. Co. Wyatt Coal Co. VANETTA (Fayette) Francois Coal Co. BLAKELEY (Kanawha) LICO (Kanawha) Lynchburg Colliery Co. COLUMBIA (Harrison) Blue Creek Coal & Land Co. Winifrede Black Band WESTERLY (Fayette) Consolidation Coal Co. BURGESS BRANCH Mining Kingston-Pocahontas Coal DOLA (Harrison) (Kanawha) Co. Co. Katherine Coal Mining Co. West Virginia southern MALDEN (Kanawha) Solvay Collieries Co. Rose Bud Fuel Co. Coal Pioneer Coal Co. 72 MAMMOTH (Kanawha) Carbon Hill Collieries Co. LATROBE (Logan) YOLYN (Logan) Kanawha & Hocking Deegan-Eagle Coal Co. Logan Eagle Coal Co. Rum Creek Coal Co. Coal & Loash Coal Co. Lundale Coal Co. Coke Co. R.R. Smith Coal Co. LAX (Logan) List of Coal Mines Warner Collieries Co. AMHERSTDALE (Logan) Eagle Island Coal Co. MORTON (Kanawha) Amherst Coal Co. LOGAN (Logan) Listed by County Paint Creek Collieries Co. Guyan Eagle Coal Co. Alma Eagle Coal Co. MUCKLOW (Kanawha) Prockter Eagle Coal Co. Aracoma Coal Co. Page 3 Paint Creek Collieries Co. BECCO (Logan) Eagle Block Coal Co. Submitted by: Frieda Davison NUCKOLLS (Kanawha) Buffalo Eagle Colliery Co. H.T. Wilson Coal Co. Paint Creek Collieres Co. BIG CREEK (Logan) Snap Creek Coal Co. MARION OHLEY (Kanawha) Big Creek Coal Co. Standard Bituminous Mines, BARRACKSVILLE (Marion) Cabin Creek Consolidated Ferrell Coal Co. Inc. Chesapeake Mine Coal Co. Logan Mines, Inc. Sunbeam Coal Mining, Inc. Bethlehem Mines Corp. OLCOTT (Kanawha) BLAIR (Logan) LORADO (Logan) BAXTER (Marion) Black Band Coal Co. Opperman Coal Co. Lorado Coal & Dock Co. Consolidation Coal Co. Black Band Consolidated BRAEHOLM (Logan) Lorado Coal Mining Co. CAROLINA (Marion) Coal Amherst Coal Co. LUNDALE (Logan) Consolidation Coal Co. Co. Buffalo Eagle Colliery Co. Amherst Coal Co. EVERSON (Marion) Briar Creek Black Band Coal CHAUNCEY (Logan) Logan County Coal Corp. Harry B. Coal Co., Jr. Mine. Co. R.R. Smith Coal Co. Lundale Coal Co. FAIRMONT (Marion) Coal River Lumber & Coal CHRISTIAN (Logan) LYBURN (Logan) Domestic Coke Corporation Co. Guyan Collieries Corp. Avis Eagle Coal Co. FARMINGTON (Marion) Olcott Coal & Iron Co. King Fuel Co. Croatan Coal Co. Georges Creek Coal & Iron QUARRIOR (Kanawha) Logan Powellton Coal Co. Lyburn Mines Inc. Co. Cabin Creek Consolidated McCall Coal Co. Rich Creek Coal Co. GASKILL (Marion) Coal Co. CLOTHIER (Logan) MacBETH (Logan) Consolidation Coal Co. QUICK (Kanawha) Boone County Coal Corp. Hutchinson Coal Co. GRANT TOWN (Marion) No specific coal CRITES (Logan) MALLORY (Logan) No specific coal company Logan Eagle Coal Co. Clean Eagle Coal Co. companies given. CROWN (Logan) Mallory Coal Co. given. QUINCY (Kanawha) Callaway Eagle Coal Co. MANBAR (Logan) HIGHLAND (Marion) Quincy Coal Co. Crown Hill Coal Co. Logan Chilton Coal Co. Consolidation Coal Co. REED (Kanawha) Guyan Valley Coal Co. MONTCLO (Logan) HUTCHINSON (Marion) Hatfield-Campbell Creek Lax Coal Co. Boone County Coal Corp. Consolidation Coal Co. Coal Co. Loash Coal Co. MOUNT GAY (Logan) IDAMAY (Marion) REYNOLDS (Kanawha) DEHUE (Logan) Gay Coal & Coke Co. Consolidation Coal Co. Paint Creek Collieries Co. Youngstown Mines OJAY (Logan) JORDAN (Marion) RONDA (Kanawha) Corporation Rum Creek Coal Co. New Byrne Coal Co. Coalburg Colliery Co. DRAPER (Logan) OMAR (Logan) KINGMONT (Marion) SHARON (Kanawha) Draper Coal & Coke Co. Main Island Creek Coal Co. Virginia & Pittsburgh Wyatt Coal Co. Draper Eagle Coal Co. PEACH CREEK (Logan) Coal & SPRING HILL (Kanawha) EMMETT (Logan) Chafin-Jones- Coke Co. Black Band Coal & Coke Co. Elk Creek Coal Co. Heatherman MARTIN ROAD (Marion) UNITED (Kanawha) King Fuel Co. Coal Co. Robert Love Coal & Coke Cabin Creek Consolidated ETHEL (Logan) E.R. Johnson Coal Co. Co. Coal Co. Ames Mining Co. PHICO (Logan) (Later it had the name NORA WACOMAH (Kanawha) Chilton Block Coal Co. Winisle Coal Corp. mine and also WILLIAMS mine. Paint Creek Collieries Co. Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Co. RITA (Logan) Consol Co. had it during one of WAKE FOREST (Kanawha) Ethel Block Coal Co. Logan Chilton Coal Co. these, believe it was when it Wake Forest Mining Co. George's Creek Coal Co. ROSSMORE (Logan) was called WILLIAMS) WARD (Kanawha) Logan Coal Co. No specific coal companies MONONGAH (Marion) Kellys Creek Colliery Co. Wanda Mining Co. given. Consolidation Coal Co. WINIFREDE (Kanawha) Wood Coal Co. SARAH ANN (Logan) Frances Fuel Co. Winifrede Coal Co. FORT BRANCH (Logan) Crystal Block Coal Co. Monongah Coal & Coke Co. Winifrede Collieries. Flynn-Haislip Coal Co. SHARPLES (Logan) MONTANA (Marion) Fort Branch Coal Corp. Boone County Coal Corp. Consolidation Coal Co. LINCOLN Sunbeam Coal Co. SLAGLE (Logan) Continental Coal Co. BRANCHLAND (Lincoln) HENLAWSON (Logan) Angus Coal Co. RACHEL (Marion) Branchland Coal Co. Chilton Eagle Coal Co. SOVEREIGN (Logan) Jones Collieries Inc. HADLEY (Lincoln) Logan Chilton Coal Co. Sovereign Coal Co. Rachel Gas Coal Co. Guyan Coal Co. Merrill Coal Mines, Inc STOLLINGS (Logan) RIVESVILLE (Marion) IVATON (Lincoln) HETZEL (Logan) Fort Branch Mining Co. Consolidation Coal Co. Ivy White Ash Coal Co. Crystal Block Coal & Coke STOW (Logan) Continental Coal Corp. MACCO (Lincoln) Co. Long Flame Coal Co. Fairmont & Cleveland Coal Lincoln Coal & Coke Co. George's Creek Coal Co. SWITZER (Logan) Co. McCORKLE (Lincoln) HOLDEN (Logan) Utilities Coal Corp. Virginia & Pittsburg Coal & Malleable Coal Co. Island Creek Coal Co. TAPLIN (Logan) Coke Co. WEST HAMLIN (Lincoln) KISTLER (Logan) Standard Island Creek Coal SCOTTDALE (Marion) No specific coal companies Bengal Coal Co. Co. Morgantown Gas Coal Co. given Buffalo Chilton Coal Co. THREE FORKS (Logan) WATSON (Marion) WOODVILLE (Lincoln) Burgess Branch Coal Co. Three Forks Coal Co. Consolidation Coal Co. No specific coal companies Eagle Island Coal Co. TONEY FORK (Logan) given. Utilities Coal Co. Amerst Fuel Co. MARSHALL West Virginia Southern Coal WILBER (Logan) GLENDALE (Marshall) LOGAN Co. Guyan Mining Co. Glendale Coal Co. ACCOVILLE (Logan) KITCHEN (Logan) WILBERN (Logan) Glendale Gas Coal Co. Buffalo Creek Coal & Guyandotte Coal Co. Rich Creek Coal Co. MOUNDSVILLE (Marshall) Coke KLEENCOAL (Logan) WILKINSON (Logan) Mound Coal Co. Co. Thurmond Coal Co. Monitor Coal & Coke Co. 73 MASON Glade Creek Coal & Lumber Panther Coal Co. GOODWILL (Mercer) WEST COLUMBIA (Mason) Co. Panther Red Ash Coal Co. Louisville Coal & Coke Co. Crescent Coal & Salt Co. HARTWELL (McDowell) POWHATAN (McDowell) Winding Gulf Collieries No specific coal Powhatan Coal & Coke Co. HIAWATHA (Mercer) McDOWELL companies RODERFIELD (McDowell) Ennis Coal Co. ALGOMA (McDowell) given. Baldwin Pocahontas Coal Co. Smokeless Coal & Coke Co. Algoma Coal & Coke Co. HAVACO (McDowell) Fall River Pocahontas Weyanoke Coal & Coke Co. ASCO (McDowell) No specific coal Colliery LAMAR (Mercer) Atlantic Smokeless Coal Co. companies Co. Lamar Colliery Co. ASHLAND (McDowell) given. Lynwin Pocahontas Coal Co. LOWE (Mercer) Ashland Coal & Coke Co. HEMPHILL (McDowell) Silver Creek Mining Co. Weyanoke Coak & Coke Co. AVONDALE (McDowell) Kingston-Pocahontas Coal SIX (McDowell) MATOAKA (Mercer) Garland Pocahontas Coal Co. Co. Carter Coal Co. Pawama Coal & Coke Co. Mountain State Coal Corp Solvay Collieries Co. Consolidation Coal Co. McCOMAS (Mercer) BARTLEY (McDowell) HENSLEY (McDowell) SQUIRE (McDowell) American Coal Co. Pond Creek Pocahontas Co. Jewett Bigelow & Brooks Jacob's Fork Pocahontas Coal Thomas Coal Co. BERWIND (McDowell) Coal Co. Co. PIEDMONT (Mercer) New River & Pocahonatas IAEGER (McDowell) SUPERIOR (McDowell) American Coal Co. Consolidated Coal Ideal Red Ash Lake Superior Coal Co. PINNACLE (Mercer) Co. Pocahontas TWIN BRANCH (McDowell) American Coal Co. BIG FOUR (McDowell) Coal Co. Fordson Coal Co. SPRINGTON (Mercer) By-Products Pocahontas Co. Krolitz Mining Co. Jewett Bigelow & Brooks Kingston-Pocahontas Coal Cirrus Coal & Coke Co. Little War Creek Coal Co. Coal Co. Co. BIG SANDY (McDowell) Virginia Red Ash Coal Co. VIVIAN (McDowell) Solvay Collieries Co. Hampton Roads Colleries Co. ISABAN (McDowell) Bottom Creek Coal & Coke WENONAH (Mercer) Kingston-Pocahontas Isaban Coal Company Co. Turkey Gap Coal & Coke Co. Coal JENKINJONES (McDowell) Peerless Coal & Coke Co. WIDEMOUTH (Mercer) Co. Pocahontas Fuel Co. Pocahontas Corp. American Coal Co. Solvay Collieries Co. JUVERNA (McDowell) WAR (McDowell) CANEBRAKE (McDowell) Marine Smokeless Coal Co. Warrior Coal Co. MINERAL New River & KEYSTONE (McDowell) William Pocahontas Coal Co. BARNUM (Mineral) Pocahontas Keystone Coal & Coke Co. WELCH (McDowell) Monroe Coal Mining Co. Consolidated Coal KIMBALL (McDowell) Houston Coal Co. BERYL (Mineral) Co. Houston Collieries Co. Junior Pocahontas Coal Co. Silver Coal Co. CAPELS (McDowell) King Coal Co. Walter F. Patterson Co. BLAINE (Mineral) Central Pocahontas Coal Co. Tidewater Coal & Coke Co. WESTCHESTER (McDowell) Blaine Mining Co. CARETTA (McDowell) KYLE (McDowell) Westchester-Pocahontas Hamill Coal & Coke Co. Carter Coal Co. Lynchburg Coal & Coke Co. Collieries Co. R.A. Smith Coal Co. Consolidation Coal Co. LANDGRAFF (McDowell) WILMORE (McDowell) ELK GARDEN (Mineral) COALWOOD (McDowell) Empire Coal & Coke Co. Wilmore Pocahontas Coal A.G. Barrick Coal Co. Carter Coal Co. Vera Pocahontas Coal Co. Co. Buxton & Landstreet Co. Consolidation Coal Co. LECKIE (McDowell) WORTH (McDowell) EMORYVILLE (Mineral) Olga Coal Co. West Virginia Roanoke Coal & Coke Co. Carroll Cross Coal Co. CRUMPLER (McDowell) Pocahontas United Pocahontas Coal Co. GLEASON (Mineral) United Pocahontas Coal Co. Coal Co. YERBA (McDowell) Gleason Coal & Coke Co. CUCUMBER (McDowell) LEX (McDowell) Marine Smokeless Coal Co. HARRISON (Mineral) Litz-Smith Pocahontas Cardiff Pocahontas Coal Co. YUKON (McDowell) Eddy Coal Co. Coal Hubbard Coal Co. Buchanan Coal Co. HUBBARD (Mineral) Co. Rocky Branch Pocahontas Carter Coal Co., Inc. Upper Potomac Coal Co. DAN (McDowell) Coal Co. Dry Fork Colliery Co. KEYSER (Mineral) Bradshaw Coal Co. LITWAR (McDowell) Harman Pocahontas Coal Co. Masteller Coal Co. DAVY (McDowell) Little War Creek Coal Co. Yukon Pocahontas Coal Co. OAKMONT (Mineral) Davy Crocket Coal & MAITLAND (McDowell) Abrams Creek Coal & Coke Coke Houston collieries Co. MERCER Co. Co. MARYTOWN (McDowell) ALGONQUIN (Mercer) Ajax Coal Co. Joe Perkins Coal Co. Kingston-Pocahonatas Algonquin Coal & Coke Eddy Coal Co. Superior Pocahontas Coal Co. Coal Co. Oakmont Smokeless Fuel Co. DEEGANS (McDowell) Co. Lamar Colliery Co. United Coal Co. New Pocahontas Coal Co. Solvay Collieries Co. ARISTA (Mercer) SAVAGE (Mineral) ECKMAN (McDowell) MAYBEURY (McDowell) S.J. Patterson Pocahontas Co. Davis Coal & Coke Co. Eureka Coal & Coke Co. Elkhorn Coal & Coke Co. Weyanoke Coal & Coke Co. SHAW (Mineral) Pulaski Iron Co. Elkhorn Colliery BLUEFIELD (Mercer) No specific coal companies ELKHORN (McDowell) MOHAWK (McDowell) Patsy Small & Co. given. Crozer Coal & Coke Co. Hardy Coal Co. COOPERS (Mercer) Houston Coal & Coke Co. Mohawk Coal & Coke Co. Mill Creek Coal & Coke Co. List of Coal Mines Upland Coal & Coke Co. MOHEGAN (McDowell) CRANE CREEK (Mercer) ENGLISH (McDowell) Monarch Smokeless Coal Co. American Coal Co. Listed by County Bare Pocahontas Coal Co. Pands Coal Co. CRYSTAL (Mercer) Flat Top Coal Mining Co. Welch Pocahontas Coal Co. Crystal Coal & Coke Co. Page 4 ENNIS (McDowell) NACOLS (McDowell) DOTT (Mercer) Submitted by: Frieda Davison Turkey Gap Coal & Coke Co. Pocahontas Mining Co. Turkey Gap Coal & Coke Co. EXCELSIOR (McDowell) NEWHALL (McDowell) FREEMAN (Mercer) MINGO Excelsior Pocahontas Coal No specific coal companies Booth-Bowen Coal & Coke ARMEN (Mingo) Co. given. Co. Borderland Coal Co. FILBERT (McDowell) NORTH FORK (McDowell) Buckeye Coal & Coke Co. BLOCTON (Mingo) U.S. Steel Mines Greenbrier Coal & Coke Co. GIATTO (Mercer) Thomas Coal Co. GARLAND (McDowell) PAGETON (McDowell) Weyanoke Coal & Coke Co. BORDERLAND (Mingo) Webb Coal Mining Co. Page Coal & Coke Co. Thomas Coal Co. Borderland Coal Co. HAMLET (McDowell) PANTHER (McDowell) GODFREY (Mercer) Borderland Coal Corp. Babcock Coal & Coke Co. Lathrop Coal Co. Godfrey Coal Co. Borderland Collieries 74 BURCH (Mingo) Thacker Coal & Coke Co. Co. Landstreet Downey Coal Co. URLAND (Mingo) MORGAN MANILLA (Putnam) Puritan Coal Corporation Jake Henry Coal Co. MELROSE (Morgan) Plymouth Coal & Mining Co. William Ann Coal Co. VULCAN (Mingo) Worthington Coal & Coke PLYMOUTH (Putnam) CEDAR (Mingo) Vulcan Colliery Co. Hatfield Campbell Creek Lyda Coal Co. WAR EAGLE (Mingo) Coal CHATTAROY (Mingo) Margaret Mining Co. NICHOLAS Co. Buffalo-Thacker Coal Co. Papoose Coal Co. LYONSVILLE (Nicholas) Plymouth Coal & Mining Co. Buffalo-Winifred Coal Co. Traders Coal Co. No specific coal companies RAYMOND CITY (Putman) Fall Branch Coal Co. War Eagle Coal Co. given Raymond City Coal Co. Howard Collieries WILLIAMSON (Mingo) RICHARD (Nicholas) Raymond City Coal & Howard Junior Coal Co. Bailey-Thacker Coal Co. Elkins Coal & Coke Co. Transportation Corp. Standard-Thacker Coal Co. Fordson Coal Co. SAXMAN (Nicholas) CINDERELLA (Mingo) Kenner McCoy Coal Co. Saxman Coal & Coke Co. RALEIGH Sycamore Coal Co. Orinoco Mining Co. SWISS (Nicholas) ABNEY (Raleigh) DELBARTON (Mingo) Pond Creek By-Products Kanawha White Ash Pemberton Coal & Coke Lando Coal Corp. Colliery Collieries Co. Co. Landstreet Downey Coal Co. Pond Creek Colliery Hill Coal Co. AFFINITY (Raleigh) New Era Coal Co. Premium Coal Co. Hisylvania Coal Co. Pemberton Coal & Coke Co. Pearl Coal Co. R. G. Bailey Coal Co. Swiss By-Product Coal Co. AMEAGLE (Raleigh) Puritan Coal Corp. West Williamson Coal Co. TIOGA (Nicholas) American Eagle colliery DINGESS (Mingo) Wilhelmina Coal Co. Berthy Coal Co. BECKLEY (Raleigh) Pearl Coal Mining Co. Williamson Coal Co. Nicholas Webster Coal Co. Hollywood Coal Co. EDGARTON (Mingo) Tioga Coal Co. Lillybrook Coal Co. Portsmouth Solvay Coke Co. MONONGALIA Standard Fire Creek Coal Co. GLEN ALUM (Mingo) BOOTH (Monongalia) OHIO BESOCO (Raleigh) Glen Alum Coal Co. River Seam Coal Co. ELM GROVE (Ohio) Beckley Smokeless Coal Co. GOODMAN (Mingo) BRADY (Monongalia) Elm Grove Mining Co. Leccony Smokeless Fuel Co. E.L. Sternberger Coal Co. Edna Gas Coal Co. WARWOOD (Ohio) BIRCHTON (Raleigh) Wigarb Mining Co. CASSVILLE (Monongalia) Sheeling Coal Co. Birch Fork Coal Co. GREY EAGLE (Mingo) Container Coal Co. WHEELING (Ohio) Birch Mining Co. Grey Eagle Coal Co. Continental Coal Co. Hitchman Coal & Coke Co. Birchton Coal Co. HATFIELD (Mingo) Davis-Wilson Coal Co. Labell Coke Works BLUE JAY (Raleigh) Mary Helen Coal Co. Talbot Chambers Coal Co. Labell Iron Works Blue Jay Lumber Co. HIMLER (Mingo) FRUM (Monongalia) COLCORD (Raleigh) Matta Co-operative Coal Co. Brady-Warner Coal Co. PRESTON Colcord Coal Co. KERMIT (Mingo) HILDEBRAND (Monongalia) ALBRIGHT (Preston) CRAB ORCHARD (Raleigh) Earlston Coal Co. South Pittsburgh Coal Co. Coffman-Fisher Co. Crab Orchard Fuel Co. MATEWAN (Mingo) JERE (Monongalia) Kingwood Coal Co. Gulf Mining Co. Allburn Coal & Coke Co. Continental Coal Co. AUSTEN (Preston) Lilly & Hornbrook, Inc. Lynn Coal & Coke Co. Scotts Run Fuel Co. Austen Coal & Coke Co. CRANBERRY (Raleigh) New Howard Coal Co. Sunrise Coal Co. CASCADE (Preston) Cranberry Fuel Co. Stone Mountain Coal Corp. JOHN Y (Monongalia) Preston County Coke Co. DOROTHY (Raleigh) MERRIMAC (Mingo) Fairmont-Lowesville Coal CORINTH (Preston) Chesapeake & Ohio Merrimac Coal Co. Co. Lindsey Coal Mining Co. R.R. Co. White Star Mining Co. LOWESVILLE (Monongalia) Oakland Coal & Coke Co. Mines NAUGATUCK (Mingo) Crown Coal Co. HOWESVILLE (Preston) EAST GULF (Raleigh) Winco Block Coal Co. MAIDSVILLE (Monongalia) Albright Coal & Coke Co. C.H. Mead Coal Co. NEW THACKER (Mingo) Edna Gas Coal Co. Kingswood Coal Co. East Gulf Coal Co. Thacker Coal & Coke Co. Rosedale Coal Co. KINGWOOD (Preston) ECCLES (Raleigh) NOLAN (Mingo) Rosevale Coal Co. Kendall Lumber Co. N.R.C. Co. [New River Winifrede Block Mining Co. Robinson Run Coal Co. Ruthbell Coal Co. Coal?] Winifrede-Thacker Coal Co. MORGANTOWN (Monongalia) Stanley Coal Co. EDWIGHT (Raleigh) PURITAN MINES (Mingo) Chaplin Collieries Co. LAREW (Preston) Hazy Eagle Coal Collieries Puritan Coal Corp. Delmar Coal Co. Glenwood Smokeless Coal Raleigh Wyoming Coal Co. RAGLAND (Mingo) Dragon Coal Co. Co. EUNICE (Raleigh) New Century Coal Co. Ross Coal Co. MATTINGLY CROSSING Princess Dorothy Coal Co. Ragland Coal Co. NATIONAL (Monongalia) (Preston) FIRECO (Raleigh) Turner Coal Co. National Fuel Co. Borgman Coal Co. Bolen Coal Co. RAWL (Mingo) OSAGE (Monongalia) PRESTON (Preston) Douglas Coal Co. Crystal Block Coal & Coke Brady-Warner Coal Corp. C.W. Craig & Co. Mine Leckie Firecreek Coal Co. Co. Chaplin Collieries Co. ROWLESBURG (Preston) GLEN WHITE (Raleigh) RED JACKET (Mingo) Louise Coal Co. Fern Coal Co. CCB Smokeless Coal Co. Red Jacket Coal Corp. Osage Coal Co. SUTHERLAND (Preston) E.E. White Coal Co. Red Jacket Consolidated OSGOOD CAMP (Monongalia) Elkins Coal & Coke Co. HELEN (Raleigh) Coal & Coke Co. Hite & Barnes Coal Co. TERRA ALTA (Preston) CCB Smokeless Coal Co. Red Jacket Jr. Coal Co. PURSEGLOVE (Monongalia) Laurel Valley Coal Co. East Gulf Coal Co. ROSE SIDING (Mingo) Cleveland and Morgantown TUNNELTON (Preston) HOT COAL (Raleigh) Thacker Coal Mining Co. Coal Co. Borgman Supply Co. Gulf Coal Co. SPRIGG (Mingo) Guston Run Coal Co. McKone Coal Co. JONBEN (Raleigh) Alma Fuel Co. RANDALL (Monongalia) Shay Coal Co. Conway Fire Creek Coal Co. Alma Pond Creek Coal Co. Scott Run Coal Co. Sigley Coal Co. Fire Creek Fuel Co. Burnwell Coal & Coke Co. ROCK FORGE (Monongalia) Victory Coal Co. Raleigh Fire Creek Coal Co. Dayton Coal Corp. Connellsville Basin Coal & WEST END (Preston) KILLARNEY (Raleigh) Mary-Martha Coal Mining Coke Co. Gorman Coal & Coke Co. Killarney Smokeless Coal Co. Co. SABRATON ( Monongalia) Mead-Tolliver Coal Co. TAMCLIFF (Mingo) Elkins Coal & Coke Co. PUTNAM LANARK (Raleigh) Guyan Collieries Corp. WAYSIDE (Monongalia) ELEANOR (Putnam) Lanark Coals Inc. THACKER MINES (Mingo) No specific coal companies Hatfield Campbell Creek Lanark Fuel Co. Mingo Mining Co. given. Coal LEEVALE (Raleigh) 75 West Virginia Southern Coal Sullivan Coal & Coke Co. given. THERMO (Wyoming) Co. Wood-POeck Coal Co. Thermo-Poca Coal Co. Leevale Collieries, Inc. TAMROY (Raleigh) WAYNE TRALEE (Wyoming) LEGO (Raleigh) McKell Coal & Coke Co. EAST LYNN (Wayne) Barkers Creek Coal Co. Fire Creek Smokeless Fuel TAMS (Raleigh) Katona Coal Co. Harty Coal Co. Co. Gulf Smokeless Coal Co. STONECOAL (Wayne) Mead Pocahontas Coal Co. LILLYBROOK (Raleigh) TERRY (Raleigh) Perdue Coal Co. Tommy Creek Coal Co. Lilly Brook Coal Co Cook & Carter Coal Co. MABSCOTT (Raleigh) VANBAIL (Raleigh) WEBSTER Mabscott Coal & Coke Co. West Virginia Southern Coal ARCOLA (Webster) MADELEINE (Raleigh) Co. Lilly Coal Co. Malcolm Smokeless Coal Co. VANWOOD (Raleigh) BERGOO (Webster) MALCO (Raleigh) Mead Smokeless Coal Co. Pardee & Curtin Lumber Co. Malcolm Smokeless Coal Co. Wood-Sullivan Coal Co. DIANA (Webster) MARFORK (Raleigh) WHITBY (Raleigh) No specific mining Marsh Fork Coal Co. Boyer Smokeless Coal Co. companies West Virginia Southern Coal Red Jacket Jr. Coal Co. given. Co. Sterling Smokeless Coal Co. ERBACON (Webster) McALPIN (Raleigh) WICKHAM (Raleigh) No specific coal Bailey-Wood Coal Co. Beckley Coal & Coke Co. companies MacAlpin Coal Co. Mabscott Coal & Coke Co. given. Pemberton Coal & Coke Co. New River Co. WEBSTER SPRINGS (Webster) MEAD (Raleigh) WINDING GULF (Raleigh) Emmons Coal Mining Co. C. H. Mead Coal Co. Winding Gulf Coals, Inc. METALTON (Raleigh) Winding Gulf Colliery Co. WYOMING Summit Coal Co. WOODBAY (Raleigh) ALCOPA (Wyoming) MONTCOAL (Raleigh) Pemberton Coal & Coke Co. Alpha Poca Coal Co. Colcord Coal Co. WYCO ( Raleigh) AMIGO (Wyoming) Raleigh-Wyoming Coal Co. Wyoming Coal Co. Amigo Coal Co. OSWALD (Raleigh) J.A. Wood Coal Co. No specific coal companies RANDOLPH Red Jacket Jr. Coal Co. given MABIE (Randolph) Wacomah Coal Co. PEMBERTON (Raleigh) A. Spates Brady Mines. CALORIC (Wyoming) CCB Smokeless Coal Co. West Virginia Coal & Coke Sabine Smokeless Coal Co. Pemberton Coal & Coke Co. Corp. Smith Pocahontas Coal Co. Pemberton Fuel Co. NORTON (Randolph) CORRINE (Wyoming) PENMAN (Raleigh) West Virginia Coal & Coke Miller-Pocahontas Coal Co. Beckley Fire Creek Coal Co. Corp. COVEL (Wyoming) PICKSHIN (Raleigh) Coe Pocahontas Coal Co. Mead Pocahontas Coal Co. SUMMERS Gulf Smokeless Coal Co. Pickshin Coal Co. HUMOCO (Summers) DEVILS FORK (Wyoming) PINEPOCA (Raleigh) Hump Mountain Devils Fork Coal Co. Piney-Pocahontas Coal Co. Smokeless GLEN MORRISON (Wyoming) PRICE HILL (Raleigh) Coal Co. Faith Smokeless Coal Co. Price Hill Colliery Co. Morrison Coal Co. New River Co. TAYLOR GLEN ROGERS (Wyoming) PRINCE (Raleigh) FLEMINGTON (Taylor) Raleigh Wyoming Coal Co. Quinnamont Coal Co. Bear Valley Coal Co. HERNDON (Wyoming) PRINCEWICK (Raleigh) Pittsvein Coal Co. Flat Top Pocahontas Coal Co. Castner Curran & Bullitt T.B. Davis Mine IROQUOIS (Wyoming) Smokeless Coal Co. SIMPSON (Taylor) Iroquois Coal Mining Co. Prince-Wick Coal Co. Davis Coal & Coke Co. MABEN (Wyoming) RHODELL (Raleigh) WENDEL (Taylor) West Gulf Coal Co. E.C. Minter Coal Co. Maryland Coal Co. Gulf Mining Company West Rhodell Coal Co. R.G. Bailey Coal Co. MARIANNA (Wyoming) ROYAL (Raleigh) Marianna Smokeless Coal Royal Coal Co. TUCKER Co. Royal Mining Co. ALBERT (Tucker) McGRAWS (Wyoming) SKELTON (Raleigh) Cumberland Coal Co. Morrison Coal Co. Cranberry Fuel Co. Douglas Co. MICAJAH (Wyoming) New River Co. BENBUSH (Tucker) Micajah Pocahontas Coal Co. SLAB FORK (Raleigh) Buxton and Landstreet Co. MORCO (Wyoming) Slab Fork Coal Co. COKETON (Tucker) Morris Smokeless Coal Co. SPRAGUE (Raleigh) Buston & Landstreet Co. MULLENS (Wyoming) Cranberry Fuel Co. DAVIS (Tucker) Mead-Pocahontas Coal Co. Elkhorn Piney Coal Mining Winding Gulf Collieries Mullens Smokeless Coal Co. Co. DOUGLAS (Tucker) Porterfield Coal Co. New River Co. Cumberland Coal Co. NURIVA (Wyoming) STANAFORD (Raleigh) Douglas Co. Nuriva Smokeless Coal Co. Elkhorn Piney Coal Mining KEMPTON (Tucker) OTSEGO (Wyoming) Co. Buxton & Landstreet Co. Brule Smokeless Coal Co. New River Co. PIERCE (Tucker) Erin Smokeless Coal Co. Piney Coal & Coke Co. Buxton & Landstreet Co. Sabine Smokeless Coal Co. STICKNEY (Raleigh) THOMAS (Tucker) RAVENCLIFF (Wyoming) Glogora Coal Co. Buxton & Landstreet Co. No specific coal companies STOTESBURY (Raleigh) Davis Coal & Coke Co. given. CCB Smokeless Coal Co. SABINE (Wyoming) E.E. White Coal Co. TYLER Belle Mead Coal Co. SULLIVAN (Raleigh) SISTERSVILLE (Tyler) STEPHENSON (Wyoming) Lillybrook Coal Co. No specific coal companies Buckeye Coal & Coke Co. 76