8Th Grade WV Studies May Also Be Used As Part of a Biography Unit in WV Studies and Language Arts

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

8Th Grade WV Studies May Also Be Used As Part of a Biography Unit in WV Studies and Language Arts Telling West Virginia’s Story West Virginians in the Civil War Objectives: Students will identify and analyze significant contributions of people from West Virginia who played a role during the Civil War, develop research skills with the purpose of teaching the class what they have learned, and take notes and categorize information in order to write a short essay. Grade Level and Subject: 8th grade WV Studies May also be used as part of a biography unit in WV Studies and Language Arts Time Needed to Complete Lesson 180 minutes (four 45 minute classes) Strategic Vocabulary abolitionist – one who wished to end slavery right away. secede – to withdraw from the Union. sectionalism – putting one’s section of the country ahead of the nation as a whole. irreconcilable differences - incapable of being brought into harmony or adjustment; incompatible People to Know (Mentioned in the WVPBS video Road to Statehood): (Highlighted individuals can be found in chapter 11 and 12 of the West Virginia 8th grade textbook -Clairmont Press’ West Virginia – 150 Years of Statehood) 1 Francis H. Pierpont John Jay Jackson Julia Pierpont Albert Gallatin Jenkins John Carlile John Burdett John Bell Waitman T. Willey Arthur I. Boreman John Breckinridge Colonel Thomas J. Jackson Jacob Blair Stephen Douglas Guiding Questions What roles did women and men play in Western Virginia and eventually West Virginia prior to and during the Civil War? What could be considered “significant” contributions? List of Materials Needed WVPBS DVD – The Road to Statehood or access to the video online at http://www.wvpublic.org Computers with Internet access and printing capability Poster Board and writing supplies (i.e. markers, colored pencils, etc.) Handouts (listed below) Text Set File Copies are provided in the appendix for the documents/texts listed here. 1. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1853 - Francis H. Pierpont 2. http://www.pierpont.edu/node/5722 - Julia Pierpont 3. http://www.wvculture.org/history/statehood/images/carlilejohn.html - John S. Carlile 4. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/967 - John S. Carlile 5. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/print/Article/948 - Stonewall Jackson 6. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/print/Article/942 - John Jay Jackson 7. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/print/Article/614 - Arthur I. Boreman 8. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1005 - Albert Gallatin Jenkins 9. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1006 - Jenkins Raid 10. http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1270 - Waitman T. Willey Additional sites (copies not provided) 1. http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Pierpont_Francis_H_1814-1899 - Francis H. Pierpont (Primary Sources information on site) 2 2. http://www.theintelligencer.net/page/content.detail/id/586708/Francis-Harrison-Pierpont- --Father-of-West-Virginia-.html?nav=6322 – Francis H. Pierpont 3. http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~wvcccfhr/history/jenkins.htm - Francis H. Pierpont Lesson Activities with Links to Websites 1. Biography Project – Research and Class Presentation Overview: o Students write questions they believe are important for a biography. Students will then research individuals that played a part in Western/West Virginia during the Civil War. Students can research the names of individuals in the movie, or research other individuals that played a role in the Civil War. o Students will create and maintain a graphic organizer to organize the facts they have found. o Students share what they found through oral presentations. Students will also submit a written document of their findings. Schedule: Day 1 – • Students watch the video, The Road to Statehood, and complete the graphic organizer (“Video Guide”) of individuals mentioned in the video as they view it. Students will select an individual from the video or select another individual from WV that contributed during the Civil War they wish to study. • As a class, students will develop an operational definition of what are “significant” contributions. • Rubrics for both the summary and oral presentation should be distributed to students. (see appendix) Day 2 – • Using a graphic organizer (self-created or enclosed “Biography Worksheet”), students research an individual they selected yesterday (note: Text Sets of limited individuals are included). • Students use the information from their research to write a short summary of the life of their selected individual making sure to include significant events. Day 3 – ▪ Students make a visual presentation (i.e. PowerPoint, poster board, etc.) 3 listing relevant facts for a classroom presentation. Day 4 – • Students present their findings to the class. • All students take notes of peer’s presentations using the, “Students’ Presentation Chart”. • A group activity of having students rank individuals by importance to the new state of West Virginia can also be completed. Appendix (handouts including primary and secondary sources in Text Set, rubrics, graphic organizers, etc.) 1 - Video Guide 2 - Biography Worksheet 3 - Research paper (summary) Rubric 4 - Oral Presentation Rubric 5 - Students’ Presentation Chart 6 - http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1853 - Francis H. Pierpont 7 - http://www.pierpont.edu/node/5722 - Julia Pierpont 8 - http://www.wvculture.org/history/statehood/images/carlilejohn.html - John S. Carlile 9 - http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/967 - John S. Carlile 10 - http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/print/Article/948 - Stonewall Jackson 11 - http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/print/Article/942 - John Jay Jackson 12 - http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/print/Article/614 - Arthur I. Boreman 13 - http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1005 - Albert Gallatin Jenkins 14 - http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1006 - Jenkins Raid 15 - http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1270 - Waitman T. Willey 6-15 -Selected factual information on selected individuals (listed in Text Set) NextGen CSOs for 8th Grade WV Studies SS.8.H.CL3.4 - identify significant contributions of men and women of West Virginia during the Civil War and identify the roles of ethnic and racial minorities. 4 NextGen Literacy Standards SS.6-8.L.1 - cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, attending to such features as the date and origin of the information. SS.6-8.L.13 - produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. SS.6-8.L.16 - conduct short research projects to answer a question (including a self- generated question), drawing on several sources and generating additional related, focused questions that allow for multiple avenues of exploration. Author and e-mail Dan Cosgrove [email protected] An electronic copy of this lesson plan and access to the WVPBS video Road to Statehood can be found at http://www.wvpublic.org Under the Education tab click on Learning Media and search for “Road to Statehood”. 5 Appendix 1 Video Guide Graphic organizer to be used with the West Virginia Public Broadcasting video, “The Road to Statehood” Individual mentioned in video (in order of Notes (from watching video) appearance or referenced) Francis Pierpont Albert Gallatin John Bell John Breckinridge Stephen Douglas John Jay Jackson John Carlile Waitman T. Willey Colonel Thomas J. Jackson Julia Pierpont John Burdett Arthur Boreman Jacob Blair 6 Appendix 2 Biography Worksheet Name of Subject: ________________________________________ Birth: Death: Early Inspirations: Education: Major Accomplishments: Significance: Friends and acquaintances: 7 Appendix 3 Research Paper (summary) Rubric: West Virginian’s Biography Student Name: _________________________________________ Category 4 3 2 1 Quality of Clearly relates to Clearly relates to Clearly relates to Has little or Information the topic. Includes the topic. Provides the topic. No nothing to do with several supporting 1-2 supporting details are given. the topic. details. details. Mechanics No grammatical, Almost no A few Many spelling or grammatical, grammatical, grammatical, punctuation errors. spelling or spelling, or spelling, or punctuation errors. punctuation errors. punctuation errors. Graphic Organizer Graphic organizer Graphic organizer Graphic organizer Graphic organizer has been has been has been started has not been completed with completed with and includes some started. quality details most details details. completed Organization Information is very Information is Information is The information organized with organized with organized, but appears to be well-constructed well-constructed paragraphs are not disorganized. paragraphs. paragraphs, but well-constructed. could be more. 8 Appendix 4 Oral Presentation Rubric: West Virginian’s Biography Student Name: _________________________________________ Category 4 3 2 1 Preparedness Completely Pretty prepared but Somewhat Not prepared. prepared. might have needed prepared a couple more (rehearsals were rehearsals. lacking). Speaks Clearly Speaks clearly and Speaks clearly and Speaks clearly and Often mumbles or distinctly – no distinctly – distinctly most of cannot be words are mispronounces the time – understood – mispronounced. one or two words. mispronounces mispronounces one or two words. multiple words. Content Shows a full Shows a good Shows a good Does not seem to understanding of understanding of understanding of understand the the topic. the topic. parts of the topic. topic very well. Comprehension Able to answer Able to answer Able to answer a Unable to almost all the most of the few questions from accurately
Recommended publications
  • Title: West Virginia Road to Statehood Guided Viewing
    Telling West Virginia’s Story Guided Viewing and the Election of 1860 Objective: Students will learn the impact of the presidential election of 1860 on the people of western Virginia and the steps taken in the formation of the state of West Virginia Grade Level and Subject: Eighth Grade West Virginia Studies Time Needed to Complete Lesson: Guided Viewing only: film 47 minutes Quiz: 30 minutes Election of 1860 Activity: 75 minutes Overall Lesson: Three to five 50 minute class periods Strategic Vocabulary: abolitionist – one who wished to end slavery right away. amendment – the act or process of changing a law. cavalry – an army component mounted on horseback emancipation – freeing of the slaves free state – a state that did not permit slavery. ordinance – a regulation or decree; often used to refer to a municipal law. proclamation – an official or public announcement. secede – to withdraw from the Union. sectionalism – putting one’s section of the country ahead of the nation as a whole. slave state – a state that permitted slavery. slavery - the practice of owning people as property and forcing those people to work for a slaveholder. Guiding Questions 1. What role did the Election of 1860 play in the separation of Virginia? 2. What were the steps taken to create West Virginia? 3. How could West Virginia be called an illegal state? 1 List of Materials Needed 1. WVPBS video: West Virginia: Road to Statehood 3. Guided Viewing Worksheets 4. Quiz 5. Printed 1860 Party Platform (found in the appendix) or Computer lab with links for students. Text Set File (copies of documents can be found in the appendix) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Appalachia
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Appalachian Studies Arts and Humanities 2-28-2001 A History of Appalachia Richard B. Drake Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Thanks to the University of Kentucky Libraries and the University Press of Kentucky, this book is freely available to current faculty, students, and staff at the University of Kentucky. Find other University of Kentucky Books at uknowledge.uky.edu/upk. For more information, please contact UKnowledge at [email protected]. Recommended Citation Drake, Richard B., "A History of Appalachia" (2001). Appalachian Studies. 23. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_appalachian_studies/23 R IC H ARD B . D RA K E A History of Appalachia A of History Appalachia RICHARD B. DRAKE THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KENTUCKY Publication of this volume was made possible in part by grants from the E.O. Robinson Mountain Fund and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Copyright © 2001 by The University Press of Kentucky Paperback edition 2003 Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth, serving Bellarmine University, Berea College, Centre College of Kenhlcky Eastern Kentucky University, The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University. All rights reserved. Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky 663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008 www.kentuckypress.com 12 11 10 09 08 8 7 6 5 4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Drake, Richard B., 1925- A history of Appalachia / Richard B.
    [Show full text]
  • Francis H. Pierpont 34
    Francis H. Pierpont Courtesy of The U niversity of North Carolina Press 34 The City of Alexandria - One Time Capital of Virginia By ROBERT NELSON A NDERSON* Any article dealing with the existence of the City of Alexandria as the one time Capital of Virginia must consider the story of Francis H arrison Pier­ pont who was born in what was then Monongalia Countv, Virginia, on January 25, 1814, for the two are interwoven. School teacher, lawyer, in­ dustrialist, father of the so-called Restored Government of Virginia and its Governor ( 1861-68 ); father of \,Vest Virginia ( 1861-63 ) ; U nited States Congressman ( 1870 ); U .S. Collector of Internal R evenue ( 1881 ) ; he died in Pittsburgh, Pa., at the home of his daughter on M arch 24, 1899, and was buried in Fairmont, vVest Virginia. His was a very full life and we can only touch on the highspots leading up to the establishment of the City of Alexandria as one time Capital of Virginia. 1 But in order to place these particular events in their proper perspective it is necessary to review some of the earlier events and happenings in Virginia and the South that brought this about. By 1840 Virginia began to recover from a severe agricultural depression. But even as Virginia grew more prosperous the agitation over slavery was carrying her down the road to civil war. The controversy over slavery in the territories and the debates over the fugitive slave law made for increased bitterness between North and South during the 1850's but the attempted slave insurrection on Virginia's own soil supported by John Brown of Kansas, an Absolitionist, did most to excite Virginian emotions and fears.
    [Show full text]
  • The End of Slavery in West Virginia
    W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 5-2011 It Took a War: The End of Slavery in West Virginia Mark Guerci College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Guerci, Mark, "It Took a War: The End of Slavery in West Virginia" (2011). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 381. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/381 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 0 It Took a War: The End of Slavery in West Virginia A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in History from the College of William and Mary by Mark Guerci Accepted for (Honors, High Honors, Highest Honors) Scott Nelson, Director Melvin Ely Clyde Haulman Williamsburg, VA April 14, 2011 1 Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………2 Chapter I: It Takes But a Very Few Slaves…………………………………………...13 Chapter II: A House Divided, Pressured, and Radicalized………………………..…35 Chapter III: The Natural Consequences of a State of War…………………………..56 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….72 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………..74 Maps…………………………………..………………………………………………….79 2 Introduction For many of Waitman Willey‘s constituents, the urgency was palpable. As frustration in the first year of the Civil War turned Northern opinion toward more drastic war measures, Virginians west of the Allegheny Mountains saw an opportunity to free themselves from a government in Richmond dominated by eastern slaveholders.
    [Show full text]
  • Hostages in Civil War Virginia and West Virginia
    Crossing into War: Hostages in Civil War Virginia and West Virginia Randall S. Gooden Introduction Secession and civil war presented Virginia with perhaps the most difficult crossroads in its history. The state’s government wrestled with the choice over secession, and when secession came, a substantial part of the state’s legislators and local officials—particularly in the west and along the Potomac River—resisted the decision. Resistors declared the state government in Richmond void and organized a state government, based in Wheeling and designed to keep Virginia in the United States. While the state government in Richmond declared allegiance to the Confederate States of America and gave support to its military, the government at Wheeling supported the military efforts of the United States. As an adjunct to the creation of Virginia’s pro-Union government, a new state formed in the midst of the Civil War and the dispute over state government legitimacy. West Virginia came into being in 1863 with the permission of the Virginia government at Wheeling and was admitted to the Union as a new state. It established its capital at Wheeling, while the pro-Union government of Virginia moved its headquarters to Alexandria, which had been quickly occupied by federal forces soon after Virginia seceded. In each of these transitions of government, the people of Virginia stood at forks in the road. Individually, Virginians had to choose whether to follow the government in Richmond, which possessed the institutional legacies of the state, in adhering to the South and the Confederacy or whether to follow the upstart government in Wheeling in order to remain aligned with the United States and retain connections with the North and Midwest.
    [Show full text]
  • West Virginia Semi-Centennial March Song and Two-Step
    i:=11 • • (Second Edition) Dedicated to the ., I West Virginia Semi-Centennial From the Collections of Ohio County Public Library Archives | www.ohiocountylibrary.org • • HARRY ELMER STUPP MARCH SONG AND TWO-STEP WORDS BY James Arthur Mills I MUSIC BY Harry Elmer Stupp II.' 1...._____.1'. • PUBLISHED BY WEST VIRGINIA MUSIC CO. WHEELING, W. VA. JAMES ARTHUR MILLS MUlLS ~IO~ 10 ,.J; • 1c::J1 II N , .....; ____________________ _______________ _________________ _ -~==:::::;:=====================-~'1=-l1 =======::;:===:_ I @Jrmt-Q.trntrunial~rmt-Qtrutruutal @Jnithrnir ~nubrutr' Lazier then addressed the assemblage, Carlile accepted,accepted this amendment toto stating that the proceedings should his resolution and added the follow-follow­ be marked with calmness and delib­ delib-ing: "That the committee reportreport a eration. Mr. Willey rose to a question time for thll,thlJ, reassembling of this of personal privilege and explained convention." He said that he had that his remarks of the day before not changed his opinion but he was had been misrepresented; that he anxious to see a spirit of harmony. was in favor of a division of the state, He doubted whether the convention but by peaceful means, if possible. would be allowed toto meet at the time but said that if God spared James S. Wheat of Wheeling, thenthen appointed, but said that if God spared James S. Wheat of Wheeling, him he would be there. On motion presented a series of resolutions from him he would be there. On motion the committee on federal relations,of Daniel Lamb, the reportreport and s sub-ub­ the committee on federal relations, stitute were reportedreported backba.ck to the,the, From setting forth the abuses of the Rich­ Rich·committee without instructions.
    [Show full text]
  • The War in West Virginia Essay
    Essential Civil War Curriculum | Richard H. Owens Ph.D., The Civil War in West Virginia | August 2014 The Thirty-Fifth Star: The Civil War in West Virginia By Richard H. Owens, Ph.D., West Liberty University Political Background Without question, the extent, scope, and importance of military engagements fought in the areas of the Old Dominion that became the state of West Virginia were far less significant than the political events in that region. No battle fought in what is now present-day West Virginia equaled in scope or import any of the more famous Civil War conflicts. Most encounters were more skirmishes rather than full-scale battles by Civil War standards. However, military events in the Civil War did have an important effect and parallel influence on politics and political alignments in the emerging anti-Virginia secessionist movement in the western counties of Virginia. The Blue Ridge mountain range became a convenient eastern border for West Virginia. In addition to an historical and symbolic division between eastern and western Virginia, the line of the Blue Ridge also provided a defense against potential (albeit unlikely) Confederate invasion. That line also corresponded to the line of United States military influence and control, or the lack of Confederate military influence or interest, throughout most of the Civil War. Most of the eastern and southern counties included in the new state of West Virginia did not support separate statehood. They were included for political, economic, and military purposes. The wishes of those citizens were largely disregarded. But they were under Federal military influence or lacked Confederate military pressure.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil War Related Articles from E-WV, the West Virginia Encyclopedia A
    Civil War Related Articles from e-WV, the West Virginia Encyclopedia This list is from the WV Sesquicentennial Commission’s “wv150.com” deactivated website. Clicking the links will take you directly to the article in the “e-WV”. To view the full encyclopedia, please visit: www.wvencyclopedia.org A Abolitionism From the 1830s through the Civil War, the abolitionists worked to emancipate all slaves within the United States. In what is now West Virginia, abolitionists quietly fought this crusade in the early decades of the movement. The debate quickened as the Civil War approached. Read more at http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/7 John Appleton John Appleton, who was white, sought and received a commission as second lieutenant in the famous 54th Massachusetts Infantry, a black regiment formed in Boston and led by Col. Robert G. Shaw. Appleton led Company A into intense combat on the sea islands of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Read more at http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/261 Atheneum Prison From October 1863 to October 1865, the Atheneum in Wheeling was rented for use as a military prison, barracks, and hospital. Called by some the ‘‘Lincoln Bastille,’’ the Atheneum held Confederate prisoners captured in battle, civilians who refused to take the oath of allegiance, rebel spies, court-martialed soldiers, and those guilty of various other offenses such as bushwhacking. Read more at http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/305 Averell’s Raid Averell’s Raid of August 1863 was the first of three Union cavalry raids launched from West Virginia toward Confederate railroads and troop and supply concentrations in western Virginia during the latter half of 1863.
    [Show full text]
  • Congr.Ession Al Recor.D-House
    6868 / CONGR.ESSIONAL RECOR.D-HOUSE APRIL 20· ORJOOON be confined to the bill and which shall continue not to exceed 12 hours, George W. Epley, Sheridan. the time to be equally divided and controlled by those favoring and op­ posing the bill, the bill shall be read for amendment under the five­ PORTO RICO minute rule. It shall be in order to consider without the intervention Jose Monserrate, Salinas. of the point of order as provided in clause 7 of the Rule XVI, the substi­ TENNESSEE tute committee amendment recommended by the Committee on Agri­ Rufus N. McCa lin, Dickson. culture, now in the bill, and such substitute for the purpose of amend­ ment shall be considered under the five-minute rule as an original bill. TEXAS At the conclusion of such consideration the committee shall rise and Hal Singleton, O'D<mnell. report the bill to the House with the committee substitute, as amended, Maggie Thomas, Petersburg. and the pt·evious question shall be considered as ordered on the bill William J. Da vi , Silsbee. and committee substitute thereto . to final passage without intervening Herbert W. Scott, Throckmorton. motion except one motion to recommit. UTAH AMERICAN ME.'RCH.ANT MARINE Arthur H. Reeve, Hinckley. Benjamin Jr. Caffey, Sunnyside. Mr. SNELL, from the Committee on Rules, also submitted the following resolution for printing in the REcoRD: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Honse Resolution 175 Resolved, That upon the adoption of this resolution it shall be in FRIDAY, April 20, 1928 order to move that the House resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for the consideration of S.
    [Show full text]
  • ©2016 Ryan C. Bixby ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
    ©2016 Ryan C. Bixby ALL RIGHTS RESERVED “REFUSING TO JOIN THEIR WATERS AND MINGLE INTO ONE GRAND KINDRED STREAM”: THE TRANSFORMATION OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA IN THE CIVIL WAR ERA A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Ryan C. Bixby August, 2016 “REFUSING TO JOIN THEIR WATERS AND MINGLE INTO ONE GRAND KINDRED STREAM”: THE TRANSFORMATION OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA IN THE CIVIL WAR ERA Ryan C. Bixby Dissertation Approved: Accepted: _________________________________ _________________________________ Advisor Department Chair Dr. Lesley J. Gordon Dr. Martin Wainwright _________________________________ _________________________________ Committee Member Interim Dean of the College Dr. Gregory Wilson Dr. John C. Green _________________________________ _________________________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Walter Hixson Dr. Chand Midha _________________________________ _________________________________ Committee Member Date Dr. Leonne Hudson _________________________________ Committee Member Dr. Ira D. Sasowsky ii ABSTRACT Encamped near Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, on September 15, 1861, Col. John White Geary of the 28th Pennsylvania Infantry wrote to his wife, Mary Church Henderson Geary. Geary described the majestic scene before him as the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers converged at a point before traveling toward the Chesapeake Bay. Sitting at the confluence of these two important waterways,
    [Show full text]
  • Methodists, Secession, and the Civil War in Western Virginia, 1845-1872
    Enemies of the State: Methodists, Secession, and the Civil War in Western Virginia, 1845-1872 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Matthew Tyler Foulds, M. A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Randolph A. Roth, Advisor Dr. Alan Gallay Dr. John Brooke Copyright by Matthew Tyler Foulds 2012 Abstract Situated on the contested border between the North and South, western Virginia is an ideal case for analyzing how ministerial leaders inspired disaffected citizens. Western Virginians, relegated to the fringe of a state political structure dominated by eastern Virginia‘s slaveholding oligarchy, believed that their political system had failed them. They felt powerless to institute the political and economic reforms necessary to develop their region in the image of free-soil Ohio and Pennsylvania. Unable to seek redress through their political leaders, westerners turned to the traveling ministers of the Methodist Episcopal Church (MEC) to voice their discontent. MEC ministers actively defended western interests and cloaked them in a moral legitimacy that broadened their appeal to previously apathetic, isolated residents. Their ministry drew a fierce response from their opponent, the Methodist Episcopal Church, South (MECS). The MEC repelled these attacks and by 1861 far outpaced the MECS in members and political influence and boasted a following larger than any political party in the region. When conservative political leaders abandoned their offices and embraced the Confederacy upon the outbreak of the Civil War, MEC itinerants filled the void in political leadership, held western Virginia in the Union, and championed its statehood.
    [Show full text]
  • Guerrilla Warfare in Western Virginia, 1861-1865 ! !
    ! LIBERTY UNIVERSITY ! ! “THEY CANNOT CATCH GUERRILLAS IN THE MOUNTAINS ANY MORE THAN A COW CAN CATCH FLEAS”: GUERRILLA WARFARE IN WESTERN VIRGINIA, 1861-1865 ! ! A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE HISTORY DEPARTMENT IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF HISTORY ! ! BY KARISSA A. MARKEN ! ! LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA APRIL 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS! ! !Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………1 Chapter I—Family and Cause: Guerrillas !Who Fought for Military Strategy…………………………………………………….…………29 Chapter II—Bandits, Outlawry, and Terror: !Guerrillas Motivated by Personal Advancement…………………………….…………………..73 Chapter III—A True People’s War: Guerrillas !Involved for Self-Preservation………………………………….………………………………100 !Conclusion…………………………………………………………..….….….….…..….….….132 !Bibliography………………………………………………………………….….….….………146 ! ! INTRODUCTION The American Civil War unleashed great violence and chaos in the western mountains of Virginia. There, in Appalachia, guerrilla warfare impacted a greater number of southerners than the war’s organized military campaigns. It quickly evolved into two distinct types: hostilities aimed against outside invaders and violence that occurred among neighbors. Missouri and Arkansas experienced this conflict on the largest scale, but the Appalachian Mountains, where the terrain provided shelter and the element of surprise for guerrillas, also suffered a sizable amount of armed internal conflict. From northern Georgia, western North Carolina and Virginia, and eastern Tennessee and Kentucky, mountaineers battled national and state upheaval while trying to discern which political allegiances offered the securest future. This was especially challenging for those who lived along the northern border of the Confederacy, an area that changed hands as organized troops battled for supremacy. In addition, those in western Virginia experienced turbulence on two levels—a division of the state occurring within the division of the country.
    [Show full text]