fii BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Denrg W, Sage 1891 J...J.^...a..../..Lf...7. ir.suJLZ^la.i ' Thedate shows when tfiis volume was taken. ' To renew this book copy the call No and give to the hbrariaH' '1^ HOME USE RULES. All Books subject to Recall. Books not used for r, V instruction or research m are returnable within 4 weeks. 4M2 1951 Volumes of periodi- cals and of pamphfets are held in the library as much as possible. For special purposes they are given out for a limited time. Borrowers should not u,<!e their li'brary m._ 'piivileges for the bene- ' fit of other persons. Books not needed during recess perio4s should be returned to the libfary, or arrange- made for^their return during borrow- er's absence, if wanted. Book^ needed by more than .one person are held on the reserve list. Books of special Value and^ift books, JUL 9 197r«y whgjifth€'giver wishes are not allowed to circulate. ^ ' Readers are aske^ to report all/ cases of books marked or muti- lated. ' Do not deface books by marks and writing. Cornell University Library F 232A9 W121888 Annals of Augusta County, Virginia with 3 1924 028 785 785 / - r^ D^ y.;?^^£U-2#t_^ 1/ ,. (A A- Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/cletails/cu31924028785785 ANNALS OF AugustaCounty.Virginia, With Reminiscences ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE VICISSITUDES OF ITS PIONEER SETTLERS; Biographical Sketches OF CITIZENS LOCALLY PROMINENT, AND OF THOSE WHO HAVE FOUNDED FAMILIES IN THE SOUTHERN AND WESTERN STATES; A Diary of the War, i86i-'5, AND A CHAPTER ON RECONSTRUCTION, WITH JOS. A. ^5/ADI:)EIvIv, Member of the Virginia Historical Society. [county seal.] ENGLISH, Publishers, J. W. RANDOLPH & RICHMOND, VA. 1888. ^/.•i 014' COPYRIGHT, 1886, By JOS. A. WADDELL. WM. ELLIS JONES, PRINTER. PRKKACE. The basis of these Annals was prepared as a contribution to the "Historical and Geographical Atlas of Augusta County," is- sued by Messrs. Waterman, Watkins & Co., of Chicago. That sketch was executed very hurriedly, and the space allotted to it in the Atlas was limited. Therefore some errors appear in the work, and much matter then on hand was necessarily omitted. Moreover, the work was hardly in press before I found new mat- ter, not known or not accessible to me previously. My interest in the subject having been quickened, information in regard to the history of the county came to me almost unsought, and often from unexpected sources. This augmented result is intended as well to correct former errors, as to relate the history more fully from the first settlement of the county, in 1732, to the year 1871. The county of Augusta originally extended from the Blue Ridge to the Mississippi river, east and west, and from the great lakes on the north to the northern boundary of the present State of Tennessee on the south. The history of this vast region pro- perly belongs to our Annals until the year 1769, when Botetourt county was formed. As the limits of Augusta were reduced by the formation of other counties out of her territory, from time to time, the scope of the history is simultaneously and correspond- ingly contracted. I have taken the utmost pains to secure perfect accuracy. The errors in details of most writers who have alluded to our county affairs and people, are remarkable. The writers referred to have not only copied from one another without investigation, and thereby repeated erroneous statements, out some of them have contradicted themselves in the san;e volume. Even the statements of the public records, especially in respect to dates, often require to be verified. From the order book of the County IV PREFACE. Court of Augusta, it would appear that the second term of the court was held in February, 1745, instead of February, 1746. Similar errors occur in the volumes of complete records of chan- cery causes, preserved in the clerk's office of the Circuit Court. But while I have aspired to perfect accuracy, I do not flatter myself that the following pages are entirely free from error. I have stated nothing as a fact, of the truth of which I am doubt- ful. Many statements which I do not regard as certainly correct, are given on the authority of other writers, prefaced by the words, "It is said," or "It is related." It has been my intention to give full credit to every writer whom I have quoted, and I think this has been done in the body of the work. I am indebted to the files of the Staunton Specta- tor, edited by, Richard Mauzy, Esq., for most of the facts em- braced in the last chapter, on "Reconstruction." To forestall any charge of plagiarism, I state that having at different times published in the columns of Staunton newspapers communica- tions relating to the history of the county, I have copied from these without credit whenever it suited my purpose to do so. Through the kindness of Judge William McLaughlin I have had the opportunity of making extracts from the " History of Wash- ington College," by the Rev. Dr. Ruffner; and "Sketches of the Early Trustees of Washington College," by Hugh Blair Grigsby, Esq. Both these interesting works are still in manuscript, and neither was completed by its author. To the following gentle- men I am indebted for assistance: John McD. Alexander and Wm. A. Anderson, Esqs., of Lexington; Hon. W. C. P. Breck- enridge, of Kentucky; R. A. Brock, Esq., of Richmond ; G. F. Compton, Esq., of Harrisonburg; Dr. Cary B. Gamble, of Balti- more ; Armistead C. Gordon, Esq., of Staunton; Dr. Andrew Simonds, of Charleston, S. C , and John W. Stephenson, Esq., of the Warm Springs. I am also under obligations to Mrs. S. C. P. Miller, of Princeton, N. J. I have not attempted to write a stately history, but merely to relate all interesting facts concerning the county, in a lucid style and in chronological order. Hence the title " Annals," has been adopted dehberately. Many trivial incidents have been men- tioned, because they seem to illustrate the history of the times and the manners and customs of the people. The present work was undertaken with no expectation of pe- cuniary reward. It has been to me a labor of love. From my — PREFACE. V early childhood I have cherished a warm affection for my native county—her people, and her very soil. I have sought to rescue from oblivion and hand down to posterity, at least the names of many citizens, who, although not great in the ordinary sense, lived well in their day and are worthy of commemoration. A representation of the seal of the County Court of Augusta, commonly called the County Seal, is given on the title page. When and by whom the seal was designed is not known. Pos- sibly it was by a member of the faculty of William and Mary College, at the request of one of our colonial governors, who were required by law to provide seals for courts. The motto is an accommodation of a passage in Horace, Book IV, Ode 2. This Ode expresses delight in the peace and prosperity which came after the long civil wars of Rome. Re ferring to Augustus, the poet says the heavenly powers ne'er gave the earth a nobler son " Nor e'er will give, though backward time should run To its first golden hours." The Latin words are: Nee dabunt quamvts redeant in aurum Tempora priscum. The motto maybe translated thus: "Let the ages return to the first golden period." The allusion is, of course, to the fabu- lous "Golden Age" of primal simplicity and enjoyment; and the Roman poets held out the hope that this happy state of things would one day return. It would seem that the seal was devised during the fearful Indian wars, when every one was longing for the safety and rest of former times. Full of such aspirations, the designer, in addi- tion to the motto, delineated in the centre of the seal a tranquil pastoral scene, as emblematic of the wished for times. Such a scene would not ordinarily have been depicted in a time of peace, but during, or immediately after, the havoc of war. In peace, the minds of men gloat over the achievements of war, and in war they dwell upon "the piping times of peace." The name of the county, however, was suggestive of the motto and emblem, as the poet Virgil celebrated the Emperor Augustus as " Restorer of the age of gold." J. A. W. Staunton, November i, 1886. CONTENTS. VU CHAPTER IX. From 1800 to 1812 212 CHAPTER X. From the year 1812 to the year 1833 226 CHAPTER XI. From 1833 to 1844 252 CHAPTER XII. From 1844 to i860 271 CHAPTER XIII. Augusta County and the War of Secession— i86o-'2 280 CHAPTER XIV. Second Year of the War—1862-3 296 CHAPTER XV. Third Year of the War—1863-'4 308 CHAPTER XVI; Fourth Year of the War— 1864-'5 316 CHAPTER XVII. After the War—1865 335 CHAPTER XVIII. Reconstruction—1865 to 1871 344 APPENDIX. Bessy Bell and Mary Gray 361 ANNALS Augusta County, Virginia. INTRODUCTION. THE SCOTCH-IRISH. At different periods subsequent to the Reformation, many lowland Scotch people emigrated to the province of Ulster, north Ireland. There they prospered greatly, and maintained unimpaired the manners and customs and the religious faith of the country from which they came.