Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont Pomona Senior Theses Pomona Student Scholarship 2014 The himeC rae of their Age:Twelfth eC ntury Cistercian Engagement beyond Monastic Walls Daniel J. Martin Pomona College Recommended Citation Martin, Daniel J., "The himeC rae of their Age:Twelfth eC ntury Cistercian Engagement beyond Monastic Walls" (2014). Pomona Senior Theses. Paper 110. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/110 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Pomona Student Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pomona Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact
[email protected]. The Chimerae of their Age: Twelfth Century Cistercian Engagement beyond Monastic Walls By Daniel J Martin Contents I. Introduction: How Do You Solve a Problem Like the Cistercians? 3 II. The Two Vitae: Activa and Passiva 6 III. Cistercians and the Religious Movements of the Twelfth Century 10 IV. The Cistercian Order, 1098-1225 17 V. The Life of Bernard 25 VI. The Monastic Life and Spiritual Authority 32 VIII. Justification of Holy War 46 IX. Conclusion: A Legacy of Action 51 X. Works Cited and Bibliography 55 Martin 3 I. Introduction: How Do You Solve a Problem Like the Cistercians? One of the great paradoxes of the medieval period is the Albigensian Crusade (1209- 1229). The result of cooperation between the papacy, the northern French king, and the monastic order of the Cistercians, the crusade pitted an army from the north of France against the counts and ‘heretics’ of Southern France, with the ultimate goal of eliminating the heresies commonly known as Catharism.1 This crusade, in stark contrast to the First and Second Crusades which preceded it, was fought entirely within Medieval Europe and between two groups of Christians, already making it a unique event in medieval history.