DOCSLIB.ORG

The Russian Orthodox Church As a Symbol of Right Order: a Voegelinian Analysis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Russian Orthodox Church As a Symbol of Right Order: a Voegelinian Analysis Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 2001 The Russian Orthodox Church as a Symbol of Right Order: a Voegelinian Analysis. Lee David Trepanier Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Trepanier, Lee David, "The Russian Orthodox Church as a Symbol of Right Order: a Voegelinian Analysis." (2001). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 366. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/366 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy subm itted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. ProQuest Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH AS A SYMBOL OF RIGHT ORDER: A VOEGELINIAN ANALYSIS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Political Science by Lee Trepanier B.A., Marquette University 1995 M.A., Louisiana State University 2000 August 2001 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3021455 ___ _® UMI UMI Microform 3021455 Copyright 2001 by Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Like most works, this one is not written by a single author but with the love, support, and advice of his colleagues, friends, and family. I would like to acknowledge them, particularly my dissertation committee at Louisiana State University: William Clark, Cecil Eubanks, James Garand, Keith Sandiford, Ellis Sandoz, Leonard Stanton, and James Stoner. It has been a pleasure to work under their supervision and guidance in the course of completing this project. I would also like to thank James Rhodes of Marquette University for his advice in the organization of this study; Alan Ball of Marquette University, Peter Quimby of the University of Wisconsin at Madison, and Nikolas Gvosdev of Baylor University for their help in my research of the sources for this project; Chris Marsh of Baylor University for his invitation to a symposium where I could see whether my theoretical model would work; William Campbell of Louisiana State University for his generous time and support; Pat Nurse and Colleen O'Connor of the Eric Voegelin Institute and Tara Montelaro of the Department of Political Science at Louisiana State University for their help in my workings with the administration and graduate school at Louisiana State University. I also want to thank the Intercollegiate Studies Institute for the 2000-2001 Weaver Fellowship that provided me another year to finish the dissertation and the Eric Voegelin Institute for furnishing me an ideal place to study and to work as well as for its assistantships that permitted me to concentrate on my dissertation over the summers. Finally, I would like to particularly thank Richard Ardnt, Nicole Bauer, Karen DeVries, Steve Diebold, Sarnia Harb, Melissa Hobbs, Asha Luthra, Morgan Knuil, James ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. MacDonald, Kimi Nishi, Catherine Plum, Anthony and Michelle Procopi, and John Ruplinger. Their love, friendship, and support was the substance that sustained me the past four years at Louisiana State University. And it goes almost without saying that I would like to express my love and gratitude to my family, especially to my mother and father, for their indulgence, love, and kindness during these past lean years. This work is dedicated to them. Responsibility for errors and omissions remain my own. Corrections and additions to this work are welcome at any time. iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS........................................................................................ii ABSTRACT................................................................................................................viii CHAPTER 1: SYMBOLS OF ORDER AND DISORDER......................................1 1.1 Introduction............................................................................................ 1 1.2 Voegelin's Theory of Consciousness...................................................... 2 1.3 The "New Science" of Politics..................................................................6 1.4 The Experience of Disorder: Gnosticism............................................... 11 1.5 Voegelin's Revisions on Christianity...................................................... 15 1.6 Scope and Method of the S tudy............................................................ 19 1.7 The Forthcoming Chapters ................................................................... 24 1.8 The Sources ............................................................................................ 27 1.9 End N otes..................................................................................................28 CHAPTER 2: KIEVAN RUS (c.860-c. 1240 A .D .) ............................................... 34 2.1 The Heritage of Byzantium: Symphonia ............................................... 34 2.2 Paganism: Cosmological Symbols............................................................ 40 2.3 Pre-Christian Kievan Rus (c.860-c.988 A.D.)..........................................42 2.4 Vladimir's Baptism (c.988 A.D.)...............................................................46 2.5 Kievan Christian Rus (c.988-c. 1240 A.D.)............................................. 48 2.6 Constantinople (c.988-c. 1240 A.D.)...................................................... 53 2.7 Conclusion............................................................................................... 57 2.8 End N otes................................................................................................. 58 CHAPTER 3: MUSCOVITE RUSSIA (c. 1240-c. 1448 A.D.) ................................65 3.1 The Tatar Yoke (c. 1240-c. 1480 A .D .) ............................................... 65 3.2 Muscovite Russia (c. 1240-c. 1380 A.D.) ............................................... 67 3 .3 Consolidation of Order (c. 1380-c. 1430 A.D.).......................................72 3.4 The Rejection of Rome (c. 1438-c. 1448 A.D.) ..................................... 78 3.5 The Autocephalous Church (1448 A .D .) ............................................. 82 3.6 Conclusion................................................................................................. 84 3.7 End N otes.................................................................................................85 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CHAPTER 4: SYMBOLS OF DISORDER (c,1448-c.l563 A .D .) ..........................95 4.1 Symbol of the T sar ..................................................................................... 95 4.2 The Possessors (c. 1503-1505 A .D .) .......................................................97 4.3 Joseph of Volsk (c. 1439-c. 1507 A.D.) .................................................. 100 4.4 The Third Rome (c.1499-c.1524 A.D.) ................................................... 103 4.5 The Ideology of Tsardom(c.l 505-c. 1563 A.D.) .....................................108 4.6 The Universal Church
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Commencement Program
    2010 commencement o f St Vladimir’s Orthodox Theological Seminary 0 SATURDAY MAY 22, 2010 2 : 0 0 P M St Vladimir’s Seminary 575 Scarsdale Road, Yonkers, NY saturday, may 22, 2010 Commencement Exercises Moleben Processional Opening Prayer: “Troparion for the Three Hierarchs” Opening of the Commencement Exercises His Beatitude, Metropolitan Jonah, President of the Board of Trustees Welcoming Remarks The Very Rev. Dr John Behr, Dean Conferral of Honorary Degrees Commencement Address Mr Albert P. Foundos: “Where My Treasure Is” Conferral of Degrees to the Class of 2010 The Saint Basil the Great Award for Academic Achievement Fr Andrew Cuneo, Christopher Evan McGarvey, Fr Theophan Whitfield Valedictory Address Fr Andrew Cuneo Introduction into the Alumni Association The Very Rev. David Barr, Association President Salutatory Address Michael Soroka Concluding Remarks The Very Rev. Dr Chad Hatfield, Chancellor Closing of the Commencement Exercises His Beatitude, Metropolitan Jonah, President of the Board of Trustees Closing prayer: “It is truly meet” Recessional Commencement Reception on the Lawn Class of 2010 Candidates for the Master of Divinity degree Sdn Justin Ajamian Fr Ephraim Alkhas Fr John Ballard (cum laude) Fr Peter Carmichael “The Meek Shall Inherit the Land” (Psalm 37:11): A Theological Essay on Morality and Land Tenure Economics Fr Benedict Churchill (cum laude) Fr Andrew Cuneo (Valedictorian, summa cum laude) A Commentary on the Rites of the Divine Liturgy by Nicholas Cabasilas: The “Lesser Commentary” Justin Dumoulin Christopher Eid The Antiochian-Syriac Pastoral Agreement of 1991 Fr Simeon B. Johnson Slavophiles and Their Legacy: A Nineteenth Century Movement and Its Continued Impact Fr Sean A.
    [Show full text]
  • Christian Mission in a Russian Orthodox Context
    EAST -WE ST CHUR C H MINISTRY RE PORT &FALL 2014 Vol. 22, No. 4 Christian Mission in a Russian Orthodox Context Walter Sawatsky Christian mission in Orthodox lands is a 2000- significantly different church-state experiences of year-old story, generally unknown in the West Orthodox and evangelicals during the Soviet era. and still unexplored sufficiently for the purpose of Perhaps the most profound difference was that Contributing Editors Christian mission in post-Communist states. Because following the October Revolution, the first action Canon Michael Bourdeaux of Orthodox repression under Islamic and Soviet of Soviet authorities was to declare the separation Keston Institute, overlords, and a stifling tsarist bear hug in between, of the churches from the state. The new regime also Oxford public perception has not yet perceived Orthodoxy as refused the legal right of juridical personhood to all a missionary church. religious bodies, including the newly established Dr. Anita Deyneka Russian Patriarchate, calling into question the future Peter Deyneka Russian The Babylonian Captivity Even if the Russian Orthodox Mission Society, of all organized religious life. Orthodox experienced Ministries, the first decade of Soviet power as an outright Wheaton, Illinois founded in 1865, achieved impressive results in the spread of Christianity across major tribal peoples of war on the church, specifically the destruction of Father Georgi Edelstein Siberia and in East Asia, Russian Orthodox leadership Orthodox institutions, until in 1927 acting patriarch Russian Orthodox Church, came to refer to the period from 1721 to 1917 as the Sergei declared full loyalty to Soviet power without Kostroma Diocese era of the “Babylonian Captivity.” As a modernizing reservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Our Holy Father RAPHAEL Was Born in Syria in 1860 to Pious Orthodox Parents, Michael Hawaweeny and His Second Wife Mariam
    In March of 1907 Saint TIKHON returned to Russia and was replaced by From his youth, Saint RAPHAEL's greatest joy was to serve the Church. When Archbishop PLATON. Once again Saint RAPHAEL was considered for episcopal he came to America, he found his people scattered abroad, and he called them to office in Syria, being nominated to succeed Patriarch GREGORY as Metropolitan of unity. Tripoli in 1908. The Holy Synod of Antioch removed Bishop RAPHAEL's name from He never neglected his flock, traveling throughout America, Canada, and the list of candidates, citing various canons which forbid a bishop being transferred Mexico in search of them so that he might care for them. He kept them from from one city to another. straying into strange pastures and spiritual harm. During 20 years of faithful On the Sunday of Orthodoxy in 1911, Bishop RAPHAEL was honored for his 15 ministry, he nurtured them and helped them to grow. years of pastoral ministry in America. Archbishop PLATON presented him with a At the time of his death, the Syro-Arab Mission had 30 parishes with more silver-covered icon of Christ and praised him for his work. In his humility, Bishop than 25,000 faithful. The Self-Ruled Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of RAPHAEL could not understand why he should be honored merely for doing his duty North America now has more than 240 U.S. and Canadian parishes. (Luke 17:10). He considered himself an "unworthy servant," yet he did perfectly Saint RAPHAEL also was a scholar and the author of several books.
    [Show full text]
  • Pag Annual Report 06
    elcome to the CSC Annual Report for 2008. At a time of serious economic difficulties and political challenges, it is good to reflect on the words of St Paul: “May you, in com- pany with all God’s people, be strong to grasp what is the Wbreadth and length and height and depth of Christ’s love”. (Ephesians 3:18-19). 2008 was far from easy for Europe’s political institutions. On 12 June, the voters of Ireland rejected the Lisbon Treaty on the reform of the EU. The year ended with many European nations being affected by the economic recession. Yet the European integration process continues; agree- ment was reached for Slovakia to adopt the Euro at the start of 2009. CSC’s work on addressing the challenge of climate change was high- lighted by the Assembly of the European Christian Environmental Network, held in Milan, Italy, on 24- 28 September. This was al- so a major issue in dis- cussions between religious leaders and the Presidents of the EU Institutions on Ms Anthea Cox Co-moderator 5 May in Brussels. CSC celebrated the 60th anniversary of the Univer- sal Declaration of Human Rights on 10 December 2008 and produced com- memorative postcards and bookmarks, which have been well received. In 2008 the integration between CEC and the Churches' Commission for Migrants in Europe (CCME) was for- mally agreed. Looking ahead, 2009 will be a year of anniversaries. CEC will celebrate its 50th anniversary. CSC will also celebrate 10 years as part of CEC; the former European Ecumenical Commission for Church and Society was created 25 years ago; one of its founding streams, the Ecumenical Association, even dates back to 1959.
    [Show full text]
  • Antioch Ian Legacy for Today I
    ANTIOCHANTIOCH IANIAN LEGACYLEGACY FORFOR TODAYTODAY II Fr.Fr. MichelMichel NajimNajim www.Frmichel.najim.netwww.Frmichel.najim.net COURSECOURSE DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION •• YEARYEAR ONE:ONE: SeeSee ofof Antioch.Antioch. TheThe importanceimportance ofof AntiochianAntiochian historyhistory andand legacy.legacy. AntiochAntioch duringduring thethe GrecoGreco--RomanRoman period.period. EarlyEarly AntiochianAntiochian Councils.Councils. AntiochAntioch andand thethe EcumenicalEcumenical Councils.Councils. EarlyEarly AntiochianAntiochian writers:writers: GreekGreek literature,literature, SyriacSyriac literature.literature. AntiochianAntiochian LiturgicalLiturgical tradition.tradition. AntiochainAntiochain Monasticism.Monasticism. MissionaryMissionary rolerole ofof Antioch.Antioch. TheThe ChaliceChalice ofof AntiochAntioch TheThe OldestOldest LiturgicalLiturgical ChaliceChalice •• ThisThis chalicechalice waswas foundfound inin 19101910 nearnear Antioch.Antioch. ItIt goesgoes toto 2th2th centurycentury AD.AD. ItIt isis 77 1/21/2 inchesinches (19(19 cm)cm) high.high. TheThe innerinner cupcup isis mademade ofof plainplain silver,silver, andand thethe outerouter cupcup isis silversilver gilded.gilded. ThisThis cupcup isis decorateddecorated withwith 1212 figuresfigures twotwo representrepresent Christ,Christ, thethe othersothers representrepresent thethe EvangelistsEvangelists andand thethe Apostles.Apostles. ChristChrist thethe SaviorSavior andand thethe YouthfulYouthful ChristChrist TheThe Apostles:Apostles: Andrew,Andrew, JamesJames thethe Greater,Greater,
    [Show full text]
  • An Old Believer ―Holy Moscow‖ in Imperial Russia: Community and Identity in the History of the Rogozhskoe Cemetery Old Believers, 1771 - 1917
    An Old Believer ―Holy Moscow‖ in Imperial Russia: Community and Identity in the History of the Rogozhskoe Cemetery Old Believers, 1771 - 1917 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Doctoral Degree of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Peter Thomas De Simone, B.A., M.A Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: Nicholas Breyfogle, Advisor David Hoffmann Robin Judd Predrag Matejic Copyright by Peter T. De Simone 2012 Abstract In the mid-seventeenth century Nikon, Patriarch of Moscow, introduced a number of reforms to bring the Russian Orthodox Church into ritualistic and liturgical conformity with the Greek Orthodox Church. However, Nikon‘s reforms met staunch resistance from a number of clergy, led by figures such as the archpriest Avvakum and Bishop Pavel of Kolomna, as well as large portions of the general Russian population. Nikon‘s critics rejected the reforms on two key principles: that conformity with the Greek Church corrupted Russian Orthodoxy‘s spiritual purity and negated Russia‘s historical and Christian destiny as the Third Rome – the final capital of all Christendom before the End Times. Developed in the early sixteenth century, what became the Third Rome Doctrine proclaimed that Muscovite Russia inherited the political and spiritual legacy of the Roman Empire as passed from Constantinople. In the mind of Nikon‘s critics, the Doctrine proclaimed that Constantinople fell in 1453 due to God‘s displeasure with the Greeks. Therefore, to Nikon‘s critics introducing Greek rituals and liturgical reform was to invite the same heresies that led to the Greeks‘ downfall.
    [Show full text]
  • The Resurrection of Alexander Push Kin John Oliver Killens
    New Directions Volume 5 | Issue 2 Article 9 1-1-1978 The Resurrection Of Alexander Push kin John Oliver Killens Follow this and additional works at: http://dh.howard.edu/newdirections Recommended Citation Killens, John Oliver (1978) "The Resurrection Of Alexander Push kin," New Directions: Vol. 5: Iss. 2, Article 9. Available at: http://dh.howard.edu/newdirections/vol5/iss2/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Howard @ Howard University. It has been accepted for inclusion in New Directions by an authorized administrator of Digital Howard @ Howard University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TH[ ARTS Essay every one of the courts of Europe, then 28 The Resurrection of of the 19th century? Here is how it came to pass. Peter felt that he had to have at least Alexander Pushkin one for his imperial court. Therefore, In the early part of the 18th century, in By [ohn Oliver Killens he sent the word out to all of his that sprawling subcontinent that took Ambassadors in Europe: To the majority of literate Americans, up one-sixth of the earth's surface, the giants of Russian literature are extending from the edge of Europe "Find me a Negro!" Tolstoy, Gogol, Dostoevsky and thousands of miles eastward across Meanwhile, Turkey and Ethiopia had Turgenev. Nevertheless, 97 years ago, grassy steppes (plains), mountain ranges been at war, and in one of the skirmishes at a Pushkin Memorial in Moscow, and vast frozen stretches of forest, lakes a young African prince had been cap- Dostoevsky said: "No Russian writer and unexplored terrain, was a land tured and brought back to Turkey and was so intimately at one with the known as the Holy Russian Empire, fore- placed in a harem.
    [Show full text]
  • Constantine the Great and Christian Imperial Theocracy Charles Matson Odahl Boise State University
    Boise State University ScholarWorks History Faculty Publications and Presentations Department of History 1-1-2007 Constantine the Great and Christian Imperial Theocracy Charles Matson Odahl Boise State University Publication Information Odahl, Charles Matson. (2007). "Constantine the Great and Christian Imperial Theocracy". Connections: European Studies Annual Review, 3, 89-113. This document was originally published in Connections: European Studies Annual Review by Rocky Mountain European Scholars Consortium. Copyright restrictions may apply. Coda: Recovering Constantine's European Legacy 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Constantine the Great and Christian Imperial Theocracy Charles Matson Odahl, Boise State University1 rom his Christian conversion under the influence of cept of imperial theocracy was conveyed in contemporary art Frevelatory experiences outside Rome in A.D. 312 until (Illustration I). his burial as the thirteenth Apostle at Constantinople in Although Constantine had been raised as a tolerant 337, Constantine the Great, pagan polytheist and had the first Christian emperor propagated several Olympian of the Roman world, initiated divinities, particularly Jupiter, the role of and set the model Hercules, Mars, and Sol, as for Christian imperial theoc­ di vine patrons during the early racy. Through his relationship years of his reign as emperor
    [Show full text]
  • In the Lands of the Romanovs: an Annotated Bibliography of First-Hand English-Language Accounts of the Russian Empire
    ANTHONY CROSS In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of The Russian Empire (1613-1917) OpenBook Publishers To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/268 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917) Anthony Cross http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2014 Anthony Cross The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt it and to make commercial use of it providing that attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that he endorses you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Cross, Anthony, In the Land of the Romanovs: An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917), Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/ OBP.0042 Please see the list of illustrations for attribution relating to individual images. Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omissions or errors will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. As for the rights of the images from Wikimedia Commons, please refer to the Wikimedia website (for each image, the link to the relevant page can be found in the list of illustrations).
    [Show full text]
  • |||GET||| European Muslims and the Secular State 1St Edition
    EUROPEAN MUSLIMS AND THE SECULAR STATE 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Sean McLoughlin | 9781351938518 | | | | | Islamic States and Muslim Secularism Bypractically all that remained of Muslim Spain was the southern province of Granada. Retrieved 27 June Vatican City. Sovereignty belongs to Allah alone but He has delegated it to the State of Pakistan through its people for being exercised within the limits prescribed by Him as a sacred trust. February Learn how and when to remove this template message. The Times. Berkeley: University of California Press. Anti-clericalism Anticlericalism and Freemasonry Caesaropapism Clericalism Clerical fascism Confessionalism Divine rule Engaged Spirituality Feminist theology Thealogy Womanist theology Identity politics Political religion Religious anarchism Religious anti-Masonry Religious anti-Zionism Religious communism Religious humanism Religious law Religious nationalism Religious pacifism Religion and peacebuilding Religious police Religious rejection of politics Religious segregation Religious separatism Religious socialism Religious views on same-sex marriage Secularism Secular religion Separation of church and state Spiritual left State atheism State religion Theocracy Theonomy. These riots precipitated a military coup after which all political parties were banned including the Wafd and the Muslim Brotherhood. It describes the history of early European Muslims and outlines the causes and courses of twentieth-century Muslim immigration. See also: Constitution of Medina. It can be assumed that the relatively strong support for Sharia in Kyrgyzstan, reported in certain survey data, is located chiefly among this group. John L. This perception was offset by a steady stream of wars that aimed to expand Muslim rule past the caliphate's borders. Egypt's first experience of secularism started with European Muslims and the Secular State 1st edition British Occupation —the atmosphere which allowed European Muslims and the Secular State 1st edition of western ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • Governance on Russia's Early-Modern Frontier
    ABSOLUTISM AND EMPIRE: GOVERNANCE ON RUSSIA’S EARLY-MODERN FRONTIER DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Matthew Paul Romaniello, B. A., M. A. The Ohio State University 2003 Examination Committee: Approved by Dr. Eve Levin, Advisor Dr. Geoffrey Parker Advisor Dr. David Hoffmann Department of History Dr. Nicholas Breyfogle ABSTRACT The conquest of the Khanate of Kazan’ was a pivotal event in the development of Muscovy. Moscow gained possession over a previously independent political entity with a multiethnic and multiconfessional populace. The Muscovite political system adapted to the unique circumstances of its expanding frontier and prepared for the continuing expansion to its east through Siberia and to the south down to the Caspian port city of Astrakhan. Muscovy’s government attempted to incorporate quickly its new land and peoples within the preexisting structures of the state. Though Muscovy had been multiethnic from its origins, the Middle Volga Region introduced a sizeable Muslim population for the first time, an event of great import following the Muslim conquest of Constantinople in the previous century. Kazan’s social composition paralleled Moscow’s; the city and its environs contained elites, peasants, and slaves. While the Muslim elite quickly converted to Russian Orthodoxy to preserve their social status, much of the local population did not, leaving Moscow’s frontier populated with animists and Muslims, who had stronger cultural connections to their nomadic neighbors than their Orthodox rulers. The state had two major goals for the Middle Volga Region.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rebirth of Religion in Russia
    View of the Holy of Holies of Russia, showing the high wall and lofty watch-towers which enclose it. Originally a fort, the Kremlin is now a museum, mausoleum, and treasure-house of things precious in Russian life and Russian religion. In no other equal area in the world ANNALS OF HISTORY is there crowded such an array of historic cathedrals THE REBIrtH OF RELIGION IN RUSSIA and monaster- ies, sacred relics, trophies of war, The Church Reorganized While Bolshevik Cannons sacerdotal robes, gold and silver Spread Destruction in the Nation’s vessels, precious Holy of Holies stones, pearls, and jewels to the value of millions of Y HOMAS HITTEMORE dollars, etc. B T W Note: The text, he Holy Kremlin of Moscow has During the bombardment a Chinese photographs, and Tbecome a Bolshevik fortress. From workman, looking on, was heard to captions of this ar- the 9th to the 16th of November, 1917, say, “The Russian is not good; bad ticle were originally published in National for more than seven days under a man; he shoots on his God.” Geographic 34:5 hurricane of fire, the city was stormed (November 1918): and finally carried by the Bolsheviks Outraged and despoiled, the Kremlin 378–401. in terrible fratricidal war. Since then is in bonds today, guarded by foreign the sacred citadel has been playing a mercenaries. The forty times forty new and ignominious role in the his- churches of the white stone city seem tory of Russia. to draw a little closer in answer to the trumpet calls of the Kremlin domes.
    [Show full text]