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CHRONOLOGY 1296 Ala-ud-din invades the kingdom of Devagiri, in the Deccan (p. 1). 1303 Failure of an expedition to Warangal (p. 2). 1306-1307 Expedition of Kafur (Malik Naib) to Devagiri (p. 3). 1310 Expedition to Warangal. Prataparudraveda II submits and pays tribute (p. 3). 1311 Expedition, under Malik Naib, into the Peninsula. Capture of Dvaravatipura and Madura. Mosque built at Rames-waram. Submission of the Pandya and Kerala kingdoms (pp. 4 and 5). 1311 Death of Ramchandra and accession of Shankardev (p. 6). 1316 Death of ' Ala-ud-din and accession of Shihab-ud-din ' Umar. Death of Malik Naib, Deposition of Umar and accession of Qutb-ud-din Mubarak (p. 7). 1318 Mubarak's expedition to Devagiri. Capture and death of Harpal (p. 7). 1321 Expedition to Warangal under Muhammad Jauna (Ulugh Khan) (pp. 8, 9). 1323 Second expedition to Warangal under Muhammad. Capture of Prataparudradeva II. (p. 9). 1327 Rebellion of Gurshasp (p. II). 1327 Capital transferred from Delhi to Daulatabad (p. 11). 1337 Rebellion of Nusrat Khan at Bidar (pp. 11, 12). 1340 Rebellion of Ali Shah Natthu in the Deccan (p. 12). 1346 Rebellion of the Centurions in Gujarat. Muhammad leaves Delhi for Gujarat, and suppresses the rebellion (p. 12). 1346 Rebellion in Daulatabad: Ismail Mukh proclaimed king of the Deccan. Muhammad besieges Daulatabad (p. 13). 1347 Ala-ud-din Bahman Shah proclaimed king of the Deccan. (p. 13). 1353 Rebellion of Muhammad Alam, Ali Lachin and Fakhruddin Muhurdar at Sagar (p. 15). 1358 Death of Bahman Shah and accession of Muhammad I Bahamani in the Deccan. (p. 16). 1362 Muhammad I, Bahamani, again invades Telangana. Rebellion of Bahram Khan Mazindarani in Daulatabad (p. 17). 1366 Muhammad I, Bahamani, invades Vijayanagar and defeats Bukka I. It is stipulated in the treaty of peace that in future wars non-combatants shall not be molested (p. 19). 1366 Suppression of the rebellion of Bahram Khan Mazindarani (pp. 19, 20). 1367 Completion of the great mosque at Gulbarga (p. 20). 432 CHRONOLOGY 1370 Independence of Raja Ahmad, or Malik Raja, in Khandesh (p. 238). 1375 Death of Muhammad I and accession of Mujahid Bahamani (p. 20). 1378 Assassination of Mujahid and accession of Daud Bahamani (P- 21). 1378 Assassination of Daud and accession of Mahmud Shah Bahamani (p. 21). 1380 Defeat of the Bahamanis at Adoni hy Chenappa, the nephew of Harihara II (p. 22). 1396 Rehellion of Baha-ud-din of Sagar in the Deccan (p. 22). 1397 Death of Mahmud Shah and accession of Ghiyas-ud-din Bahamani (p. 23). 1397 Deposition of Ghiyas-ud-din and accession of Shams-ud-din (p. 23). 1397 Deposition of Shams-ud-din and accession of Firoz Shah Bahamani (p. 24). 1399 Invasion of the Deccan by Harihara II of Vijayanagar and Narsingh of Kherla (pp. 24, 25). 1399 Death of Raja Ahmad and accession of Nasir Khan in Khandesh (p. 240). 1407 Firoz Bahamani invades Vijayanagar and compels the Raja of Vijayanagar to give him a daughter in marriage (p. 26). 1418 Firoz Bahamani invades Vijayanagar, but is defeated and expelled (p. 27). 1422 Rebellion of Ahmad Khan Bahamani. He defeats the royal troops. Deposition of Firoz and accession of Ahmad Shah Bahamani. Death of Firoz (pp. 27, 28). 1424 Ahmad Shah shifts his capital from Gulbarga to Bidar (P. 29). 1426 Ahmad Bahamani recovers Mahur and Kalani in Berar, and halts at Ellichpur (p. 32). 1429 Ahmad Bahamani marches to recover tribute from Kherla, but refrains from attacking Hoshang of Malwa who is besieging the fortress. He retreats: Hoshang follows, and is attacked and defeated by Ahmad (p. 33). 1430 War between the Deccan and Gujarat, Zafar Khan of Gujarat defeats the army of the Deccan (pp. 33, 34). 1434 War between Malwa and the Bahamanis (p. 35). 1436 Death of Ahmad Bahamani and accession of Ala-ud-din, Ahmad (p. 36). 1436 Muhammad's (Alauddin Shah's brother) rebellion (p. 37). 1436 Ala-ud-din Ahmad Bahamani establishes his authority in the Konkan (p. 38). CHRONOLOGY 433 1438 Nasir Khan of Khandesh invades Berar, but is defeated by the army of the Deccan (pp. 38, 39, 242, 243). 1441 Death of Adil Khan I and accession of Mubarak Khan in Khandesh (p. 244). 1443 -44 Devaraya II of Vijayanagar invades the Deccan, but is expelled (pp. 41, 42). 1447 Defeat of the Foreigners of the army of the Deccan in the Konkan. Massacre of the Foreigners by the Deccanis at Chakan (pp. 42, 45). 1455 Rebellion of Jalal Khan and Sikandar Khan in Telangana (p. 46). 1456 Mahmud I of Malwa invades the Deccan but retires (p. 47). 1457 Death of Miran Mubarak Khan Faruqi and accession of Adil Khan II in Khandesh (p. 244). 1458 Death of Ala-ud-din Ahmad and accession of Humayun Bahamani. Suppression of the rebellion of Jalal Khan and Sikandar Khan (pp. 48, 49). 1461 Death of Humayun Bahamani and accession of Nizam Shah Bahamani (p. 51). 1462 Mahmud I of Malwa invades the Deccan, and Mahmud Begada of Gujarat marches to the assistance of Nizam Shah of the Deccan (pp. 54, 56). 1463 Mahmud I of Malwa again invades the Deccan, but is compelled by Mahmud Begada of Gujarat to retire (pp. 56, 57). 1463 Death of Nizam Shah Bahamani and accession of Muhammad III in the Deccan (p. 57). 1466 Assassination of Khvaja-i-Jahan Turk (p. 57). 1466 Mahmud Gawan appointed Prime Minister (p. 58). 1467-71 Mahmud Gawan marches into the Konkan to re-establish the authority of Muhammad III Bahamani (pp. 60, 62). 1470 Malik Hasan invades Orissa, re-establishes the Raja and captures Rajamahendri for Muhammad III Bahamani (p. 60). 1471 Goa annexed to Bahamani Kingdom (p. 62). 1472 Mahmud Gawan returns to Bidar after having re-established the authority of Muhammad III Bahamani in the Konkan (p. 62). 1473 Belgaum is taken and the Raja, Parketa is deposed Famine in the Deccan (pp. 63, 64). 1481 Murder of Mahmud Gawan in the Deccan (p. 67). 1482 Death of Muhammad III and accession of Mahmud Bahamani (pp. 68, 69). 434 CHRONOLOGY 1490 Ahmad Nizam-ul-Mulk of Ahmadnagar, Yusuf Adil Khan of Bijapur and Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk of Berar declare their independence (p. 74). 1491 Rebellion of Bahadur Gilani in the Konkan (pp. 75, 76). 1494 Foundation of the city of Ahmadnagar (p. 76). 1495 Dastur Dinar defeated by Yusuf Adil, Qutb-ul-Mulk. Qadam Khan and Jahangir Khan (p. 165). 1499 Malik Ahmad captures the fort of Antur and reduces the Chiefs of Baglan and Galna (p. 78). 1503 Death of Adil Khan II and accession of Daud Khan in Khandesh (p. 245). 1504 Yusuf Adil Shah attempts to establish the Shiah religion in Bijapur but is expelled from his kingdom by a confederacy (p. 78). 1507 War between Gujarat and Ahmadnagar on the question of succession to the Khandesh throne (p. 79). 1508 Death of Daud and accession of Ghazni Khan in Khandesh. Death of Ghazni Khan and disputed succession until Alam Khan (Adil Khan III) is installed by Mahmud Begada of Gujarat (p. 247). 1509 Death of Ahmad Nizam Shah and accession of his son, Burhan Nizam Shah I in Ahmadnagar (p. 79). 1510 Death of Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk (p. 203). 1510 Death of Yusuf Adil Shah and accession of his son, Ismail Adil Shah in Bijapur (pp. 83, 169). 1513 Ismail Adil Shah restores Shiah faith (p. 170). 1512 Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk declares his independence in Telangana (p. 217). 1518 Death of Mahmud Shah and accession of Ahmad Shah Bahamani in Bidar (p. 84). 1518 Burhan Nizam Shah I invades Berar and captures Pathri (p. 81). 1520 Arrival of Shah Tahir in India (p. 84). 1520 Death of Adil Khan of Khandesh and accession of Miran Muhammad (p. 249). 1521 Death of Ahmad and accession of Ala-ud-din Shah Bahamani (p. 84). 1525 Amir Ali Barid, Mahmud Shah Bahamani, Burhan Nizam Shah I and Sultan Quli Qutb Shah invade Bijapur, but are defeated by Ismail Adil Shah (p. 84). 1525 Deposition of Wali-Ullah and accession of Kalimullah Shah Bahamani (p. 218). 1527 Alauddin Imad Shah captures Pathri (p. 85). 1527 Burhan Nizam Shah I and Ali Barid Shah invade Berar and expel Ala-ud-din Imad Shah, who appeals for help to Bahadur of Gujarat (p. 219). CHRONOLOGY 435 1528 Bahadur of Gujarat invades the Deccan (p. 173). 1529 Death of Alauddin Imad Shah and accession of Darya Imad Shah (p. 206). 1531 Bahadur of Gujarat, assisted by Muhammad of Khandesh captures Mandu and annexes the kingdom of Malwa (p. 87). 1532 Burhan Nizam Shah and Ismail Adil Shah plot to divide the Deccan (p. 89). 1534 Death of Ismail and accession of Mallu Adil Shah (p. 89). 1535 Death of Miran Muhammad of Khandesh and accession of Miran Mubarak (p. 251). 1540 Burhan Nizam Shah and Amir Ali Barid invade Bijapur (p. 220). 1542 Death of Amir Ali Barid and accession of Ali Barid Shah in Bidar (p. 222). 1543 Assassination of Sultan Quli and accession of Jamshid Qutb Shah in Golconda (pp. 92, 223). 1543 Jamshid, Burhan Nizam Shah, Ali Barid Shah and Vijayanagar King invade Bijapur, but are expelled (p. 92). 1546 Burhan Nizam Shah I invades Bijapur but is defeated and expelled (p. 176). 1546 Death of Asad Khan (p. 177). 1546-47 Death of Shah Tahir (p. 95). 1552 Alliance between Burhan Nizam Shah I and Sadashivaraya of Vijayanagar. War between Ahmadnagar and Bijapur (pp. 95, 178). 1553 Sadashivaraya of Vijayanagar with the help of Burhan Nizam Shah I recovers the Raichur Doab.
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    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITY STUDIES Vol 4, No 1, 2012 ISSN: 1309-8063 (Online) ADIL SHAHI MOSQUES IN KARNATAKA Maruti T. Kamble Department of History and Archaeology Karnatak University Dharwad - 580003 Karnataka State, India. E-mail: [email protected] -Abstract- This paper concentrates on the mosques (masjids) of the period of the Adil Shahis, one of the Muslim dynasties which had Turkish origin that ruled Karnataka along with the other parts of the Deccan. A Mosque is primarily a religious building for the performance of the daily prayers for five times, one of the five pillars of Islam. It is thus, the most important building for Muslims. Mosques in Karnataka have a long history and tradition. The Adil Shahis constructed mosques in Maharastra, Andra Pradesh and other parts of Karnataka State. Karnataka “the priceless gift of indulgent nature” is a unique blend of glorious past and rich present, situated on the lower West Coast of South India. It was ruled by the Muslim dynasties from the middle of the 14th century to 18th century. The Adil Shahis ruled Karnataka from 1489 A.D., to 1686 A.D., and wielded a great political power over many parts of Karnataka. The founder Yusuf Adil Shah was the son of Ottoman Sultan Murad II of Turkey. In their period many secular and religious monuments were constructed. The Adil Shahi mosques were not only places of worship but also places for education and social activities. The paper examines the construction of the mosques by the Adil Shahis, their patrons and also the construction pattern, architects, features and its role in the society.
  • SOCIAL SCIENCE PART - I ENGLISH MEDIUM (Revised) 7

    SOCIAL SCIENCE PART - I ENGLISH MEDIUM (Revised) 7

    Government of Karnataka SOCIAL SCIENCE PART - I ENGLISH MEDIUM (Revised) 7 SEVENTH STANDARD KARNATAKA TEXTBOOK SOCIETY (R.) 100 Feet Ring Road, Banashankari 3rd Stage, Bengaluru - 560 085. Preface The Textbook Society, Karnataka, has been engaged in producing new textbooks according to the new syllabi which in turn are designed on NCF - 2005 since June 2010. Textbooks are prepared in 12 languages; seven of them serve as the media of instruction. From Standard 1 to 4 there is the EVS, mathematics and 5th to 10th there are three core subjects, namely, mathematics, science and social science. NCF - 2005 has a number of special features and they are: connecting knowledge to life activities. learning to shift from rote methods. enriching the curriculum beyond textbooks. learning experiences for the construction of knowledge. making examinations flexible and integrating them with classroom experiences. caring concerns within the democratic policy of the country. making education relevant to the present and future needs. softening the subject boundaries-integrated knowledge and the joy of learning. the child is the constructor of knowledge. The new books are produced based on three fundamental approaches namely, Constructive approach, Spiral approach and Intergrated approach. The learner is encouraged to think, engage in activities, master skills and competencies. The materials presented in these books are integrated with values. The new books are not examination oriented in their nature. On the other hand they help the learner in the all round development of his/her personality, thus help him/her become a healthy member of a healthy society and a productive citizen of this great country, India.