SIVA CHHATRAPATI Extracts and Documents relating to Maratha History Vol. I SIVA CHHATRAPATI BEING A TRANSLATION OP SABHASAD BAKHAR WITH EXTRACTS FROM CHITNIS AND SIVADIGVTJAYA, WITH NOTES. BY SURENDRANATH SEN, M.A., Premchaxd Roychand Student, Lectcrer in MarItha History, Calcutta University, Ordinary Fellow, Indian Women's University, Poona. Formerly Professor of History and English Literature, Robertson College, Jubbulpore. Published by thz UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA 1920 PRINTED BY ATCLCHANDKA BHATTACHABYYA, AT THE CALCUTTA UNIVEB8ITY PEE 88, SENATE HOUSE, CALCUTTA " WW**, #rf?fW rT, SIWiMfT, ^R^fa srre ^rtfsre wwf* Ti^vtm PREFACE The present volume is the first of a series intended for those students of Maratha history who do not know Marathi. Original materials, both published and unpublished, have been accumulating for the last sixtv years and their volume often frightens the average student. Sir Asutosh Mookerjee, therefore, suggested that a selection in a handy form should be made where all the useful documents should be in- cluded. I must confess that no historical document has found a place in the present volume, but I felt that the chronicles or bakhars could not be excluded from the present series and I began with Sabhasad bakhar leaving the documents for a subsequent volume. This is by no means the first English rendering of Sabhasad. Jagannath Lakshman Mankar translated Sabhasad more than thirty years ago from a single manuscript. The late Dr. Vincent A. Smith over- estimated the value of Mankar's work mainly because he did not know its exact nature. A glance at the catalogue of Marathi manuscripts in the British Museum might have convinced him that the original Marathi Chronicle from which Mankar translated has not been lost. Mankar's was a free rendering and his work is so rare now that I need not offer any apology for bringing out a second translation. I have translated from the text edited by Kao Bahadur Kashinath Xarayan Sane, the most reliable aud authoritative text in print. I have tried to be not Vlll PREFACE accurate but literal in of Sabhasad only my rendering ; the translation of the extracts has been more or less free, but there also my attempt has been to be fairly accurate so that it may be safely recommended as reliable. For the notes at the end I am indebted to Mr. V. K. Rajwade's Sources of Maratha History (Marathi). The second and third notes are entirely based on Mr. Rajwade's introduction to his 8th volume. In the first note, however, I have differed on so many important points from Mr. Rajwade's views that I must take upon myself the responsibility for them. I have to add here a word about my translitera- tion of Marathi words. The only thing that should be noted is that ^ has been represented both by v and w according to pronunciation and m has been * represented by f in words of Persian origin, (anuswar) and other nasal sounds have not been properly indi- cated, I have used n or m to represent the sound as in Chiranjlv and Sampanna. Persian words and proper names have not been properly transliterated mainly owing to my ignorance of that language and I have in some cases reproduced them in their Marathi" form as in Saista Khan, Nizams'ahi, etc., while in Badshah, Bahlol and Adil Shah, I believe the Persian form has been retained. I owe an explanation for writing Maratha and Marathi instead of Maratbji and Marathi. My reason is that the former pronuncia- tion is prevalent almost everywhere outside Maha- rashtra proper though the latter forms are correct. I am deeply grateful to the Hon'ble Sir Asutosh Mookerjee, Kt., C.S.I., President of the Post- Graduate Councils, Calcutta University, but for PREFACE IX this work whose kind and inspiring encouragement would never have seen light. I am indebted to Professor Jadunath Sarkar, If.A., who not only revised my manuscripts and gave me many valuable suggestions but also placed his whole library at my disposal, and Rai Bahadur, B.A. work and Gupte, who, inspite of his heavy advancing aire, revised mv manuscripts twice. Mr. G. S. Sardesai, B.A. borrowed for me a copy of now rare Sivadigvijay from the State Library of Baroda. I shall fail in my duty if I do not avail myself of this opportunity of publicly recording my gratitude to the late Professor H. G. Limaye, M.A. of Poona and Professor D. R, Bhandarkar, M.A., Carmaicha?l Professor, Calcutta University, for the encouragement and the ready assistance I always got from them. My thanks are also due to Professor Harendranath Gupta, M.Sc. of Serampur College and Mr. Aswinikumar Mookerjee, B.A., who kindly prepared the Index. None of these for gentlemen is, however, responsible any defect of this work. The misprints are mainly due to my inexperience in proof reading. It is futile to give a list of correc- tions. The main errors however can be easilv corrected by my readers, le'irud, for example in p. 125 should be birud, Kamaldakar in p. 113 Kamalakar and Jaigir in p. 2 Jagir. SUREXDRAXATH SEX. Senate House, Calcutta, the 19th May, 1920. CONTENTS Life of Siva Chhatrapati by Krshnajl Anant Sabhasad ... ... ... 1-154 Extracts from Sivadigvijaya and Chitnis bakhar ... ... ... 155-250 Sivajl at Bijapur ... ... ... 157 Sivajl invited to the Darbar .. ... 159 Sivaji goes to the Darbar ... ... 160 Capture of Torna ... ... ... 162 Cnfriendly attitude towards the Muhamma- dans ... ... 162 How Sahaji excused Sivajfs Rebellion ... 163 Sivajl's education ... ... ... 164 Sivajl enlists Pathan Deserters from the Bijapur Army ... ... ... 164 Capture of Purandar ... ... 165 Chandra Rav More ... ... 168 ^ahaji's Imprisonment ... ... 171 The Bha van! Sword ... ... 181 Afzal Khan Incident ... ... 182 Fighting after Afzal's death ... ... 190 Jija Bai congratulates Sivaji ... ... 191 Operations against Janjira ... ... 191 Malayan ... ... ... 193 Fortification of Henry and Kennery and operations against Janjira ... 194 Bhukhan the Poet ... ... 197 Phirangoji Nars&la's Defence of Chakan ... 200 Saista surprised at Puna ... ... 201 CONTENTS Sivajl avenges his father's Arrest 208 Jaya Sing's Expedition 209 Difference between Jaya Sing and Dilel 211 Sivaji demands Janjira from the Mughals 215 Sivaji goes to the Imperial Court 216 Sivaji interviews Aurangzib 218 Sivaji's night visit to his Eorts 220 Vyankaji and Raghunath Narayan 221 Sivajl demands his share from Vyankaji 227 Terms of the treaty between Sivajl and Vyankaji 232 Sambhaji's defection 236 Sambhajl joins Dilel Khan 238 Sambhajl captures BhupalgacJ, 239 Rajaram's marriage 241 Coronation 241 The future of Sivajl's Kingdom 243 The duties of the Ashta Pradhans 243 Sivajl's death 246 Sivajl's death- bed prephecy 248 Notes and Appendices 251-264 Sivajl's Marathi Biographies ... 251 Sivajl's relation with 'the Udayapur family 259 The influence of Persian on old Marathi 261 LIFE OF SIVA CHHATRAPATI [5] To Srimant Mahakaj Rajasri Rajaram Saheb Chhatrapati. AVith humble respects, his servant Krshnaji Anant Sabhasad, begs to submit thus, —Your Majesty —" graciously enquired of your servant, Our father, the great king, (or the elder king) performed so many feats of bravery and subdued four different empires (PQdSahis). In spite of his performing such prodigies of valour, Aurangzib came, and captured many of the forts. What was the cause of this ? You are a man well informed of (the affairs) of the old kingdom. Write therefore a biography from the said Your beginning." So Majesty. —Accordingly I beg to submit the information thus : the The King's father, elder Maharaj was Rajsri —his that the Sahaji Raje ; father, is, Raje's grand- father, Maloji Raje and Vithojl Raje Bhonsle held l Jaigirs as high officers under the Nizamsahi and 1 In the text they are called Wazirs (^^T), but a perusal of the text will convince every reader that the word is loosely used for any high official or noble. 2 life of Siva chhatrapati enjoyed great importance. He had great devotion 2 for $ri $ambhu Mahadev. Upon that hill a fair is held in the month of Chaitra, when five to seven lakhs of people assemble. There was much scarcity of drinking water. Water there was none. It had to be brought from a distance of three cosses. People were much distressed (by it). So Malojl Raje selected a site there and constructed a big tank (by building an embankment), so that water might be had for use by all the people. An immense sum of money was spent. The tank was wholly filled with water. As soon as this was done $ri &ambhu Mahadev appeared in a dream at night [6] and pleased (with Malojl) said—"I will be incarnate in your family,—the gods and the Brahman s will I protect and destroy the mlechohhas. The sovereignty of the South I confer on your family." These words were thrice repeated by way of blessing. There- upon the Raje was highly pleased and performed many deeds of charity. Then two sons, Rajsri Sahaji Raje and Rajsri Sarafjl Raje were born of Rajs'ri Malojl Raje. Both obtained Jaigirs under the Pads'ahi. While they were still in service the Nizam sahi came to an end. After that $ahaji Raje became a noble of the Adilsahi. The title of Maharaj was conferred on him. He maintained an army of ten to twelve thousand soldiers. Sahaji Raje had two wives. The first wife was Jijai Au, and the second wife 2 The name of the god as well as of the hill where the temple stood. It ie in the District of Satara. LIFE OF SlYA CHHATRAPATI 3 3 Tukal Au. Ekojl Raje, a son, was born of the 4 latter.