(Under Government Orders)

BOMBAY PlUNTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTlUI. PRESS )btainable from the Government Publications Sales Depot, Institute of Science ' Building, Fort, Bombay (for purchasers in Bombay City); from the Government Book Depot, Chami Road Gardens, Bombay 4 (for orders from the mofussil) or I through the High Commissioner for India, India House, Aldwych, London. W.C.2 . or through any recognized Bookseller. . Price-Re. 11 Anna.s 6 or 198. 1954 CONTENTS 1lJ.

PAGB PREFACE v

GENERAL INTRODUCTION • VII-X MAP. PART I.

CHAPTER 1 : PHYSICAL FEATURES .urn NATURAL REsOURCES- 1 Boundaries and Sub-Divisions 1 ; ASpects 2 ; Hills 4 ; River Systems 6; Geology 10 ; Climate 11; Forests 20; Fauna 24 ; Birds 28; Fish 32; Snakes 37. . PART n. CHAPTER 2: ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY- ,(1 Hindu Period ~90 B.C.-1295 A.D.) 41; Muslim Period (1295-1720) 43; Maratha Period \1720-1818) 52; British Period (1819-1947) 59. PART m.

CIIAPTE~ 3: TIm, ~OPLE .AND Tm:m CULTURE-.- 69 Population' (1951 Census) 69; Food 75; Houses and Housing 76; Dress 78; Ornaments 21 ; Hindu CUstoms 82 ; Hindu Religious Practices 120;. Gaines 137; Dances 141; Akhadas or TaIims 145; ·Tamasha 146; Bene Israels'147; Christians 150; Muslims 153 ~ People from Tamil Nad 'and Kerala 157; Sindhi Hindus, 159.

P~T IV....iECONOMIC ORGAN1ZAT~ON. CHAPTER 4: GENERAL ECONOMIC SURVEY .. 163

CHAPTER 5 : A~CULTUllE- 169 Agricultural .Popillation 169.; Rainfall 172; 'Agricultural Season 173; Soils 174; Land Utilization 177 j Holdings 183; Cereals 191; Pulses 196; Oil-Seeds 199; Drugs and Narcotics 201; Sugarcane 202; Condiments and Spices 204; Fibres 206; Fruits and Vegetables 207; AgricUltural. Operations 217; IItlplements 222; Livestock 226; Irrigation 229 ; Seed Supply'. 238 j Manures 239; Pests 240; Diseases 244 j Crop Rotations 247 j Intercultures 248; Tenures 248; Tenancy' 250; Rural Wages 252; Famines 259. CHAPTER (;: INDUSTRIES, LARGE AND. SMAI.Ir-- 265 Large-Scale Industries 269; . Small~Scale Industries 294; Employment in Registered.Factories 310 i Organizatiog .of Labour 312. . . A Bk Vi 2-4 n CONTENTS

€HAPTER 7: FINANCE- 317 Indigenous Banking 317. Money-Lenders 318. Co­ operative Credit Societies and Banks 320; Joint Stock Banks 327 ; Insurance Companies 332 i Limited Companies 336;. State Assistance 340. CHAPTER 8: Tlw>E- M3 Imports 343; Exports 344; Trade Centres 345; Market Places 347; Regulated Markets 348; Village Shop­ keepers 352; Fairs 354; Pedlars 355; Volume of Trade 356; Wholesale Trade 359; Retail Trade 363 i Prices 375.; Trade Associations 376.

CHAPTER 9: TRANSPORT AND COMMt:TNICATIONS- 379 Railways 379; Roads 383 ~ State TranspOrt '387. Poona Municipal Transport 393 i Water Transport 394 ; Civil Aviation 395; Rest Houses 395 i Radio and Wireless 395; Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones 396. CHAPTER 10: OTHER OCCUPATIONS '. 397

CHAPTER 11: STANDARD OF LIFE- 415 Poona City 415 i Rural Areas 421.

CHAPTER 12: ECONOMIC PRoSPEcrs-433 Agricultural Progress 433 ; Small-Scale ana Village Occupations 434; Urbanization 'Of Smaller Towns 434; Role of Poona City 435. PART V-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION• ... , . CHAPTER 13: ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTUBE- . 437 Land Revenue and General Administration 438. Local Self-Government 453. CHAPTER 14: JUSTICE AND PEACE- 469 Judicial Department 469; Police Department 41:1: Jail Department 481 ; Juveniles and Beggars Depart- ment 485. ..' CHAPTER 15:. REvENuE AND FINANCE- 491 Departme~t of Land Records ... 491 r Sales Tax Depart- ment 499; Registration Department 503 ; Stamp :Qepartment 505 i Motor Vehicles D6Eartment 506. CHAPTER 16: DEVELOPMENTAL DEPARTMENTS- 509 AgriculturaJ. Department 509; Veterinary Department 515; Forest Department ·516; Co-operative Department 521; Department of' Industrial . Co-operatives and Village Industries 526; Department of Industries 529; . . Public Works Department 530; Bombay State Road 'Transport: CorporatioJl 534. f • CONTENTS m· . PAc& CHAPTER 11: WELFARE DEPAR1'MENTS- 531 Department of Education; 537; Industrial and Technical Training 557; Medical"Department 558; Public Health Department 563 ; Labour Department 570 ; Department of Prohibition and Excise 574 ; Backward Class Department 578 ; Charity Commissioner 581 ; Directorate of Parks and Gardens 584.

CHAPTER 18: MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENTS- 587 Town Planning and Valuation Department 587 ; Directorate of Publicity 588 ; Administration of Managed Estates 589.

CHAPTER 19 : VOLUNTARY SOClALSERVICE ORcANlZATIONS- Origin, Growth and Direction 591; Co-ordinating and Training Age1'.lties 596; Child Welfare 597; Education 597; Library 599; Women's Organization 599; Medical Relief 602 j Care of the Disabled 604 : Rehabilitation 605 ; Reformative Work 606; Humanitarian Associations 607 ; Social Reform 608. PART VI.

CHAPTER 20 : PLACES OF INTEREST •• 609 (Names of places are arranged in alphabetical order),

DIRECTORY OF VILI4GES AND TOWNS .. 689 INDEX • i-xxvii , U·23\fk J4 . .I

.42-0 74 PREFACE THE Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency was originally compiled between 1874 amJ 1884 and this revised edition of it has been prepared under the orders of the Government of Bombay. The work was entrusted to the B()mbay District Gazetteers (Revision) Editorial Bo~d which was specially created for that purpose in 1949. The (ollowing members constituted the Board during the period of the compilation of the Poona District Gazetteer :- Chief Secretary to Government: Chairman. Professor C. N. Vakil, Director, School of Economics and Sociology, University of Bombay. Dr. G. S. Ghurye, Professor and Head of the Department of Sociology, University of Bombay. Dr. S. M. Katre, Director, Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute, Poona. Dr. S. C. Nandimath, Principal, Basaveshvar College, Bagalkot. Director of Archives, Bombay. ~ecutive Editor and Secretary.

Shri M. D. Bhat, I.C.S., Chief Secretary to Government, was Chairman of the Board from April 1949 to April 1952 . and on his retirement was succeeded by Shri M. D. Bhansali, I.C.S., Chief Secretary to ·Government, who continued to be Chairman till the date of publication of this volume.

Dr. P. M. Joshi, Director of Archives, was a member throughout the period. . Prof. ·D. G: Karve was appointed the first Executive Editor and Secretary iB May 1949 and after his resignation was succeeded by Prof. M. R. Palande in September 1952. The press copy of this volume was prepared under the direction of Prof. D. G. Karve. Diacritical marks tQ explain the pronunciation of place names and of words in Indian languages have been used only in two chapters, namely, chapter 3-The People and Their Culture, and chapter 20- Places of Interest, and also in the Directory of Villages and Towns. In other chapters the current spellings have been retained. A key to the diacritical marks used is given at page 689.

M. R. P ALANDE, Executive Editor and Secretary.

BOMBAY, June 1954. GENERAL INTRODUCTION

As EARLY as 1843 an attempt was made to arrange for the prepara­ tion of Statistical Accounts of the different districts of the Bombay Presidency. The following extract· will be found interesting as giving an idea of the intention of those who desired to have such Accounts compiled :- .. Government called on the Revenue Commissioner to obtain from all the Collectors as part of their next Annual Report the fullest available informatioD regarding their districts •.•••... Government remarked that, as Collectors and their AssisInnts during a large portion of the year moved about the district in constant and intimate communication with all classes ·they possessed advantages which no other public officers enjoyed of acquiring a £ull knowledge of the condition of the country, the causes of progress or retrogradation, the good measures which require to be fostered and extended, the evil measures which call for abandonment, the defects in existing institutions which require to be remedied, and the nature of the remedies to .be applied. Collectors also, it was observed, have an opportunity of judging of the effect of British rule on the condition and character of the people, on their caste prejudices, and on their superstitious observances. They can trace any alteration for the better or worse in dwellings, clotbin~ and diet, and can 'observe the use of improved imple­ ments of husbandry or other crafts, the habits of locomotion, the state of education, particularly among the higher classes whose decaying means and energy under our most levelling system compared with that of preceding governments will attract their attention. Finally they can learn how far existing village institutions are effectual to their end, 8lld may be made available for: self-government and in the management of local taxation for local purposes." .. In obedience to these orders reports were received from the Collectors of Ahmedabad, Broach, Kaira, Thana and Khandesh. Some of the reports contained much interesting information. These five northern reports were practically the only result of the Circular Letter of 1843." The matter does not seem to have been pursued any further. In October 1867, the Secretary of State for India desired the Bombay Government to take concrete steps for the Compilation of a Gazetteer of the Presidency on the model of the Gazetteer prepared during that year for the Central Provinces. The Government of Bombay then requested some of its responsible officials to submit a scheme for carrying into effect the orders of the Secretary of State, and in 1868 appointed the Bombay Gazetteer Committee to supervise and direct the preparation of the Gazetteer. After. a few organizational experiments the responsibility was finally entrusted to Mr. James M. Canu>bell of the Bombay Civil. Service, who commenced the compilation in 1874 and completed the series in 1884. The actual publication, however, of these volumes was spread over a period 'of 27 years between 1877 and 1904, in which year the last General Index volume was published. Though a gazetteer literally means only' a geographical index or a geographical dictionary, the scope of this particular compilation was much wider. It included not only a description of the physical and natural features of a region but. also a broad narrative of the social, political, economic and cultural life of the people living in that region. The purpose which the Gazetteer was intended to serve was made clear in the following remarks of Sir William Hunter, .Ga~er of the Bombav Presidency. VoL I, FartI (History of Gujarat), pp. iii and tv.. . va GENERAL ~ODUCTlON

Director General of Statistics to the- Government of India, when his opinion was sought on a draft article on Dharwar District in 187l. He said:- .. My own conception of the work is that, in return for a couple of days' reading, the' Account should give a new Collector a comprehensive, and, at the same time, a distinct idoo of the district which he has been sent to administer. Mere reading can never supersede practical experience in the district, administration. But ,a succinct and well conceived district account is capable of antedating the acquisition of such personal experience by many months and, of both facilitating and systematising a Collector's personal enquiries, .•. ,. But in all cases a' District Account besides dealing with the local specialities 'should furnish a' historical narration of its revenue and expenditure since it passed under \he British rule, of the sums which we have taken from it in taxes, and of the amount which· we have returned to it in the protection of property and person and the other charges of civil government,"O The Gazetteer was thus intended to give a complete picture of the, distIict to men who were entire stIangers to India and its people but who as members of the ruling race carried on their shoulders the responsibility of conducting its administIation. The Gazetteer had 27 Volutiles, some split up into two or three Parts, making a total of 35 books including the General Index which was published in 1904. Some of the Volumes were of a general nature and were not confined to the limits of a particular district. For example, Volume I dealt with History and was split up into two Parts, one dealing with Gujarat and the other with Konkan, Dekhan' and Southern Maratha Country; Volume IX was devoted to the Population of Gujarat and contained two Parts, one describing Hindus and the other Mussalmans . and Parsis; Volume XXV gave an account of the Botany of the area covered by the whole Presidency. ' The remaining Volumes dealt with the various districts of the Presidency and with what were then known as Native States attached to the Bombay Presidency. Some of the District Volumes had two, or three Parts, for example, those of Thana. Kanara, Poona and Bombay. On the other hand, there was only one combined Volume for some districts, as for example, Surat and Broach. and Kaira and Panch Mahgls. ' The scheme of the contents was more or less the same for all the District Volumes though the accounts of particUlar items varied considerably from diStIict to district. Information was collected from Government offices and, in respect of social and religious practices, from responsible citizens. Eminent scholars, experts and administIators contributed articles on special subjects. This Gazetteer compiled over sixty years ago had' long' become scarce and e"ntirely out of print. It contained authentic and useful information on several aspects of life in a district and was .f considered to. be of great value to the administIator, the scholar and the general reader. There was a general desire that there should be a new and revised edition of this monumental work. The Government of Bombay, therefore, decided that the old Gazetteer should be revised and republished, and entIusted the work of revision to an Editorial Board specially created .fOJ: that purpose in 1949. This new edition has been prepared' under the direction of that Editorial Board. , ' • °Gazetteer of the Bomball,Presidencll, Vol. I, Part I '(History of Gujamt). ~d ," .' GENERAL lNTRODt:JCTION IX

I~ the ~~e· of things, 4liftet. a : lap~e of over sixty years after thell" publication, most of the statistical information contained in the t old Gazetteer had -become entirely o~t of. date and had to be i dropped ;1ltogether. In this edition _llQ attempt has been made to give an idea of the latest developments, wnether in regard to the a~tr~ti~e structure or the economic set up or in regard to SOCIal. religIOUS an~ cultural trends. There are portions in the old Gazetteer bearing on archreology and history which have the impress of profound scholarship and learning and their worth has not diminished by the me~passage of time. Even in their case, however, some restatement is occasionally necessary in view of later investigations and new archreological finds by scholars, and an attempt has been made to incorporate in this edition the results of such subseque~t research.

In a dynamic world, circumstances and facts of life change, and so do national requirements and social values. Such significant changes have taken place in India as in other countries during the last half a century, and more so after the advent Qf Independ­ ence in 1947. The general schem~ and contents of this revised series of the Gazetteer have b~n adapted to the needs of the altered conditions. There is inevitably some shift in emphasis in the presentation and interpretation of certain phenomena. For example, the weighted importance given to caste and community in the old Gazetteer cannot obviously accord with the ideological concepts of a secular democracy, though much of that data may have considerable interest from the functional, sociological or cultural point of view. What is necessary is a change in perspective in presenting that account so that it could be viewed against the background of a broad natiotJ.alism and the synthesis of a larger social life. It is also necessary to abridge and even to eliminate elaborate details about customs and practices which no longer obtain on any extensive scale or which are too insignificant to need any elaboration. In the revised Gazetteer, therefore, only a general outline of the practices and custOlns of the main sections of the population has been given.

An important addition to the District Volume is the Directory of Villages and Towns given at the end which contains, in a tabulated form, useful information about every village and town in the district. The district maps given in this edition are also fairly large and up-to-date.

The revised Gazetteer will be published in two series :- I-The General Series: This will comprise Volumes on subjects which can best be treated for the State as a whole and not for the smaller area of a district. As at present plannE!d, they will deal with Physical Features, People and Their Culture, History, Language and Literature, Botany, and Public Administration. The volumes of this series will be numbered in English alphabets (A, B, C, etc.) in the order in which they are printed and published, parts of volumes, if any, being numbered in Roman numerals (I, II, III, etc.). II-The District Series: This will contain one Volume for each of the twenty-eight districts of the Bombay State and will !hus comprise twenty-eight Volumes in. all. The information gIven A Bk V£ 2-b in all Volumes will folloW' the'~ pattern; and the table of contents will be the· same for all mstricts. The volwnes of this series Will be numbered in Roman n~r~1s (I, II, III, etc.) according ~o the alphabetical 'Order of the names of the districts, Jnespe~tive of the time t!If theili publication.

. M. R. PALANDE, l!:xecuttve Editor and Secretary, ''Bombay. District Gazetteers (Revision r Edito.al Board. . . BoMBAY, June 1954. PACE PACE AbcrclaW 138 Agricultural Departm~t-contd. Abal 213 Soil Physicist • • • • 512 Adilshahi. 01 Bijapur •• 49 Water-finding machine (and Agri- Adolescent3 Welfare Society. cultural Officer in charge) •• 511 Poona • • 595. 606 Agricultural Engineering. Joint After-care Hostel. Poona 489 Director of, • • 511 Afzul Khan. death of. 50 Agricultural implements 222-6 Aga Khan Palace, Poona 650 beam harrow • • 224 Agarabatti. manufacture of. • • 294 barrow 224 Agricultural College. Poona 510. 552, 650 hoes 224-5 Agricultural Debtors' Relief Act miscellaneous 225-6 (1939) .• 318 ploughs 22U Agricultural Department •. 509-15 seed-drills (pabhtu-) • • 223 Agricultural Assistants 509-10, 512 water-lifts . • .• 2.23-4 Agricultural College, Poona 510. 552, 650 Agricultural labourer, standanl of life Agricultural College Dairy • • 511 of. .• 428-9 Agricultural Engineering. Joint Agricultural Marketing- ,..,pirector of, •• 511 Director (also functions of) 524-5 ACricultural Engineering- Market committees •• • • 525 (mechanical cultivation,. lift Regulated markets (Baramati. irrigation, boring. water­ Khed and Manchar) 525 finding machine, erection of Agricultural operations •• 217-21 and repairs to oil engines. cleaning the field 218 oil engine training class, soil crop ..,protection 220 conservation) •• 5n ean±Ullg up 219 Agricultural officers •• ..509-12 harvesting 220-1 Agricultural School. Manjri 511 interculQiring 219 Agricultural Statistician •• 512' irrigation 220 Assistant District Agricultural manuring 218 Officers . •• •• 509 ploughing 217.a boring (and Boring Engineer) .•• 511 preparation for mari,;"et 221 cattie-breeding • • • • 513 pulverization 218 Central Poultry Faun. Kirkee •• 514 sowing 218-9. Compost Development Officer •. 512. storing 221 dairy development (and Dairy threshing 221 Development Officer) - •• .514-5 topm~g 220 demonstrntion and extension •• 509-10 weeding • • 219 Deputy Directors .• 509, 510 Agricultural Produce Markets Act 525 Director of Agriculture • • 509 Agricultural progress 433-4 District AgricUltural Officer. func- Agricultural Statistician • 512 tions of, • • 509. 513 Agriculture . • 169-26! Caneshkhind Fruit Experiment agricultural implements •• 222-6 Station, Kirkee • • • • 510 agricultural operations •• 217-21 Land Improvement Board 512 cereals (see Cereals). hft irrigatiOD ( and Assistant condiments and spices (see Con- . •~gricultural Engineer in diments and Spices) • charge) •• 511 crop rotations • • •• 247.a Livestock Expert to Government, crops. food and non-food •• 181-2 functions of, •• •• 512 diseases _ .. 2H-7 mechanical cultivation (and drugs and narcotics (see Drugs Foreman Supervisor in charge). 511 and Narcotics). oil engines (eredion,. repairs. and famines: a chronological record training class) • • • • 512 (1397-1948).. ..259-64 Clrg3ruZation • • • • 509 fibres •. 206-07 Potato Research Station,. Vadgaon- fruits • • •• 215-1 Kashimbeg • • • • 510 fruits and vegetables •• 207-11 poultry development (and Poultry holdings •• 183-90 Development Officer) •• 514 . intercultures 248 research •• •• 510 irrigation •• 229-38 Rice-breeding Station,. Vadgaon •• 510 land utilisation •• 177-80 Sheep-breeding Fann. Bhambunla. 513 livestOC'k •• 226-9 sheep development (and Sheep manures • • . . 239-40 Development Officer) • . • 513 occupations allied to agriculture, mil conservation (and Sub-divi- population engaged in, 171 sional Soil Conservation Officer. oilseeds (see Oilseeds). Poona) 512 pests •• 240-4 A BI: Vf 2-51 ii INDEX

PAG;E PAGE Agricullture-contd. Backward Class Department •. 578-81 population, agricultural 171 Assisant BackwSrd Class pulses (see Pulses). Officers •• - 578, 579 rainfall .• 172 Assistant Backward Class Welfare rural wages 252-8 -Officer for Poona District •. 578 seasons 173 Backward Class Committee, seed supply .. 238-9 Poona district ( and its shift to non-agricultural' empldy- functions) . . • • 580 ment - 166"7 Backward Class Officers, Bombay soils 174-6 State 578 S tate assistance 340-1 Backward Classes: ·classificati~~ sugarcane (see Sug~cane). of, .••• 578 tenancy 250-2 Harijan Sevak Sangh, Dhulia •• 581 tenures .. 248-50 hostels for backward I-iasses •. 579 vegetables .. 209-14 measur~ for the up-lift of back- Agri-Horticultural Society of ward classes • . • . 579 Western India 584,585 organisation .. 578 Aiwan seed 205 Badishep (see Fennel, sweet). Akhadas and Talims 145-6 Bahadur Shah (Gujarat) .. 46 Akshat procession 87 Bahiroba Nala (Poona drainage) .• 643 Alandi .•.. 609 Bahamani, Ala-ud-din . Hasan Ala-ud-din Hasan Gangu Bahamani. 44 Gangu .. .. 44 Ala-ud-in Khilji 43 Bahamani kingdom (1347-1490).. ~ 44 Ale (see Ginger). Bahamani, Mallammad Shah ..~. 44 Ali Adilshah (Bijapur) 47 Bahamani, Mahammad Shah (III). 45,46 All-India Radio, Poona 396 Bahu/e, .. 87,95 Alluvial soil (see Soils). Baingan (Brinjal) 212 AZslll (see Linseed). Baithaka exercise . . 145 Ala (green-leaved caladium) 209 Baji Rao - I: Dakshina fund is Aluminium ware, manufacture of, 270-3 continued 52 Alvi (common cress) 214 BaH Rao II- Amaranth, eatable 214 Maratha rule comes to an end in Ambadi (see Hemp, brown). Poona with -his defeat by the 651 British ( 1817 ) .. 56 Ambarkhana, Poona protege of the English 56 Ambe (Mango) 217 restOl'es revenue-farming, .. 56 Amrit~Rao Peshwa 56 story of sad political insecurity, Amriteshvar temple, Poona 651 fironcial exactions and social Ananas (pine apple) 217 disturbances .. 55-6 Anandashrama, Poona 651 Bairi (spiked millet) .. 192 Ananta Chaturdashi .• 133 Bakeries .. 294 -Anath Balikashram, Poona 592 Bakshindabaksha, name given by Anath Hindu Mahilashram, Aurangzeb for Sinhagad .. 51 Poona 594,601 Ealaji Baji Rao: revenue and judi- Anath Vidyarthi Griha, Poona 593, 597-8 cial refornls . • . . • 53 Ealaji Vishwanath' 52 Ancestors feasted, 133 Balipratipada 134 Andhli-Kosimbira 137 Baluta system 452 Angres of Kolaba 52 Balutedars 256,452 Animistic Deities 12':: Bamboo products, manufacture of, 294-5 Anieer (fig) . . 215 Banana 216 Artificial Limb Centre, Poona 652 Bandharas 9-10,232-3 Apple, custard . . • • 217 Banesvara . 610 Arati (waving of lamps) 97,106,134,135 Bangles, retail b.·ade in, 370 I Architecture- Banking, indigenous 317-8 i modern buildings .• 78 Eanks- vadas 77 co-operative •. 320-7 j Armed Forces Medi~al Coneg~, joint stock 327-32; list of, 328. I Poona 651 Land Mortgage .. 323-4 i Aro~'Ya MandaI, Poona 569,597 Baramati . 610 I Ashtaoarna rites 119 Barbers 398 1 Aihallgule rite 83 Barley (iav) Atya-l'atlla, 140 Barse, naming ceremony 19485 t~ Aurangabad made over to th~ Bat!lta (potato) 209 I Nizam •• - 54 Beam harrow .. 224 Aurangzeb: policy in relati~n to Ee:1m Wireless Receiving Station, Shivaji 50 Dhond , . . . 396 : Avasari Budrukh .. 610 Eeam \Vireless Transmitting Sta- Axe ,." ...... 225 tion, Dighi . • • • S96 ! Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Poona. Bedar made over to the Nizam 54, 1)56; 563, 652 Eedase 611 iii

PAGE PAGE "Beggars Department (see Juvenile Budd:list caves in Poona region " 42 and Beggars - Department, Buddhist influence in Poona region pp.485-9). (2nd century, A.D,) 42 "BeJhe •• 611 Buffaloes •. 227 Eel-bag temple, Poona 652 Buildings, construction of 296-7 "Bene Ismels .• 147 Bullock cart ':.' 226 ."Betel leaf . . 201 Bund Garden 585, 643, 653 Betrothal (oognischaya) 98-9, 105 Bungalows- Ehadalvadi tank . • 237 Distriot Local Board 395 EhadU (a cereal) 192 Forest Department .• 395 Bhaibunds 159 Ll?navala municipality 395 Bhairava • • 125 N Ira Canals Division 395 Ehafri, Nizam-ul-Mulk 45, 46 Poona Irrigation Research Divi- Bhaje . .• ., 611 sion •. 395 Bhandarkar Oriental Research Insti- Public Works Department 395 tute, Poona . . 543, 652 Burhan Nizam Shah " 46 Bhangrias ( Raghu and Bapu) .. 63 Burya Arab (Chakan) 44. Ehau Khare, a rebel leader . • 63 Byramja Jeejeebhoy Medic'ai Bharat Itihas Samshodhak MandaI, College, Poona .• 553,653 Poon!l . . 543, 653 1Jharat Scouts and Girl Guides 593, 599 Cabbage 213 Bhallbiia' 135 Caladium­ Bhavani .• 125 arrow leaved 210 ."Bhavani's temple, Poona 653 green-leaved 209 Bhuimug (see Groundnui). Oanals­ Bhendi (lady's finger) 213 Mutha 284-5 Bhimashankar •• 611 Mutha Lef Bank 234 .Bholeshvar temple 6 Mutha Righ Bank 234 Bhor 612 Nira 235-7 Bhosari 613 Nira Left Bank 235 .Bidi- Nira Right Bank' . 236 manufacture of 295 Cantonments (see Po~na: PoO~~ retail trade in, 369 as a Military Centre, under Places :Bid province, Poona ~s' part of, 45 of Interest, 648-50). .Bill hook . 225 Cap, makers of, .• 414 .Birds (see Fauna). 32-7 Carpenters Eiroba .. 125 297-8 Carrot •. 209-10 .Birth ceremonies: Muslims 155 Castorseed (erandi) Biryani •• - 154 200 Cauliflower 213 Biscuit, manufacture of, •. 269-70 Census details Black gram (udid) " 199 69 Blacksmiths .• .. 304-05 Central Buildings, P~~a 654 Black soil (see Soils). Central Poultry Fann, Poona .. 228 ;Bladder dock .. 214 Central ~ate~ Power, Irrigation Elind man's bluff .. .. 137 and NaVIgation Research Station Blind. School and Home for the, 594,604 Khadakvasle 555 654 Bohori Jamatkhana, Poona 653_ Central Railway 380-1 Bombay State Road Transport Dh?nd:Baramatl br~~ch 381 Corporation (see State Road ma~ line 380-1 Transport Corporation). CermlCS 273-4 Book-binding .• 282-3 Cereals 191-5 Bor-ghat ( as a highway of com- area under cereals un; other munications) .• 41 cereals 192 Boring Engineer .. 511 baiTi (s~iked millet'>' 192 Borstal School, Dharwar 481 Barley (iav) bhadli 194 Boy Scouts .. .. 544 haNk or kodra •. 192 Boy Scouts and Girls Guides. 593,599 194 Boy Scouts' ASSOciation, Poona 599 ;owar (jvaN )-indi~ . millet 194 'Brassware- maize (makka) 195 manufacture of, .• 270-3 nagli, nachan; or ragi 195 retail trade in, .• 370-1 rala 195 Brahma form of marriage 94 rice (Mat) 193 Brahmins (Tamil) - •. 158 var; 195 Brass and copperware, wholes;l~ wheat (gallu) 193 trade in, 3(12 .remony­ Breweries .• 274 chat/la 85 Bricks, manufacture of, 295-6 'hal loa Brihan Maharashtra College of karnavedh 85 Commerce, Poona .• 552 marriage 109 Brinjal., . • 212 ma~age (reformed) ' •• 110"11 13rown soil \ see Soils). nammg .1".' ••.. i85 lludhavar Bag, Poona., 653 Certified Schools ,. 489 ~. . A Bk Vf 2-51a iv

PACE PACE -~n _ 614 Collector's functio~ontdo as headquarters of Poona area·.. 44, 45 District Soldiers', Sailors" and Air- reconquered by Dhanaji men's Board 00 443 Jadhav •• 51 displaced persons 0 0 444 Chakane, method of selecting foodgrains procurement 444 inams o. 440 players 00 137 Chalu.lcyas( 550-760 A.D.) 43 local self-government 441 Champa-Shashti • ; , • 0 135 non-agricultural assessment 498

Chandan-batva (a leafy vegetable) 0 214 officers of other departments 441 Chappa-pani, minor game 137 public health 0 0 0 0 443 Charcoal, retail trade in, 369 public utility . . • 0 440 Charity Commissioners' Depart- quasi-judicial in revenue matters. 440 ment ., 581-4 revenue 0 0 •• 438-40

Assessors (QIld their duties) 0 • 583 Rural Development Board 443 funds of public trusts, applica- sanitation 443

tion cy pres • 0 0 • 583 Collector's office: distribution of public trusts affected by Bombay work 444 Public Trusts Act· 581 College of Military Engineering 656

public trusts, registration of, -. 0 583 Companies- trustees of public trusts. duties investments- • . • • 335 of, 582 liabilities of public limited com- Chas-kaman 614 panies. incorporated in Poona · Chatuhshringi, Poona 653 district . 0 0 337 Chaturmas, fasting 120 loans 335

Chaula ceremony 85 private limited - 0 • 339-40

· Chavand Fort 614 public limited - • 0 •• 336-9 Chavdis o. 395 Compost Development Officer 512

Chavli (a leafy vegetable) .• 214 Compost manure 0 • • • 239-40 Chemical Laboratory (National), Communications (see Transport Poona .. 664 and Communications). · Chemicals, manufacture of, 274-6 Condiments and Spices .• 204-OS Chenduplwli 139 area under condiments and Chhatti 155 spices 204- Chffiy 00 205 chilly (mirchi) .• 205- -Chimnaji Jadhav, a rebel leader 63 coriander (see Coriander) 205- Chinchavad .. 615 garlic (lasun) - .. 205- Chiplunkar Memorial Hall, Poona. 662 miscellaneous • • • 0 205- Cholera 566 turmeric (halad) o. 00 205- ChoU: mode of wearing 80 Consulting Surveyor to Government. 587 Christa Prema Seva Sangh~ Co-operative banks •. 320-7 Ashram, Poona 655 Land Mortgage Bank •• 323-4 Christians, Indian 151-2 Poona District Central Co-opera- Chuka (bladder dock) 214 tive Bank Ltd., Poona •. 326 Church of the Holy Name, Poona. 655 urban banks 0 0 325-6 Churches, Christian. 152 Co-operative Department 521-6 Cigarettes, retail trade in, 369 Assistant Registrar, Poona 0 • 521 Circle Inspectors, duties of, 450 Assistant District Co-operative 450 Officer .. 521 Circle Officers, duties of. Assistlmt Marketing Officer Circumcision 148 525 audit staff .0 523-4 Citrus fruits 216 Arbitrators 524 Civil aviation 395 Agricultural Prod~~e Mark~; Civil marriage. incidence of, '112 Act _ 00 •• 525 Clearing house for Poona bankers. 332 Bombay Provincial Co-operative Climate- Institute . • .0 522-3 barometric pressure 15-6 Chief Marketing Officer .• 525- cloudiness 16 District Supervision CoDunittee

dew and fog 18 ( constitution) . 0 •• 521 Immidity 14-5 Director of Agricultural Market- rainfall 12 ing (also functions of), .0 524-5- sea-breeze 16 Deputy Registrar (Divisional),

seasons .11 Poona . 0 521: temparature 13-4 District Co-operative Officer, thunder storms, squalls, etc. Poona (functions) 521-~. winds ( surface) Ii District· Ca-operative B~d Cloth, retail trade in, 369 (constitution) .0 522. 1 Clubs and Gymkhanas, Poona 655 l1onorary organizations 524 Club of Maharashtra, Poona 655 land valuation officers· 524 Collector's functions- market committees 52,5 accounts .0 440 Marketing Inspector 525 District Magistrate 442, 471 marketing staff • 0 525. District Registrar 44:\ Money-lenders' Act. 0 52.i. INDEX. y.

PAGB PAGE Co-oper*e Department-cMltd. Daryapanthi8 , • 160. Money-lenders, Assistant Regis- Dasara. " 134 trars 'of, (for Poona City) • • 525 Daulatabad (Devgiri) 44 · Money-lenders, Registrar General Daulatrao Shinde wreaks of, ..' •• 525 vengeance 55-6 Money-lenders, Registrar of, 525 Daund 615 .()rganizatioll . • . . 521 David Sassoon Infirm Asylum 592, 604-5 .Provincial Board of Supervision. 521 Death and funeral rites- Registrar, Co-operative .Soci- Bene Israels •• 149-50 eties • • 521, 524 Hindus • • ., 112-9 :regulated markets (Baramati, Muslims . . •• 156-7 Khed and Manchor) 525 Deccan Agricultural Association 593 608 Special Recovery Officers .. 524 Deccan Agriculturists' Relief' iiupervising unions (constitution). 522 Act, 1879 . . . . 318 supervision staff 521 Deccan College Post-graduate and 'Saroodaya . scheme 526 Research Institute .. 543 554, 656 Sarvodaya centres (Mulshi Deccan Education Society's Techni- Taluka and Mulshi Valley) ., 526 cal Institute, Poona.. 558 Saroodaya scheme, 8llnchalab Deccan Gymkhana,. Poona . . 655 of, •. 526 Defence . Academy (National) Co-operative societies- Khadakvasla ' 664-5 Agricultural credit ., .• 320-21 Dehu .. 616 credit . . •• 320-7 De Nobili College, Poona 657 multi-purpose 321, 322, 323 Deo-pratistha .. 105 non-agricultural credit . • 325 Depressed Classes Mission Society. 593-7 villages covered by clMlperative Devak •. . .98,105 . 323 credit societies and banks Deua~ia (intage-worshil?) 121 -COpperware- Devgm (Yadav dynasty) .. 43,44 manufacture of, 270-3 Dharmashastra. history of, 94 retail trade in, •• 370-1 Dharmashalas ' •• 395 Coriander (kothimbir) 205 Dhendshi (a' root veget;lble) 211 'Costumes (see Dress). Dhoti: mode of wearing 78 Cotton •. 207 Dhuwuad ., ·Cotton fabrics, :weaving of, •. 307-09 136 Cotton Markets Act (1927) 348 Diler Khan: besieges Purandar 50 'Council Hall, Poona 656' DiOOi dance '. . . . 144 Cows 227 Dipabai, sister of Jagpalrao Naik Cress, common 214 Nintbalkar . . . • 47. Crops- Dipauali holiday 134 acreage in various talulcas 19 Dispensaries (see Medical Depart: food and non-food •• 181-2 ment). protection 220 Diseases of, crops 244-7 rotations 247-8 bangdi (ring di~ases Gnd Crowbar 225 viruses) 245 Cucumber- bhuri-powdery mildew of common 212 grass, mango and peas . • 245 sharp cornered • • . . 211 danekani, kajli, ziprya and Iamb- Cusrow W.adia Institute of ·Electri­ kani (the jOWllr, smut) .. 244 cal Technology, Poona 558 dinkya (gummosis' of citruS) •• 246 Cutlery, retail trade in, 370 kai/i (see danekani) ' •. 244 Cycle shops 370 kani (loose smut of wheat) •. 244 karpa (blast of rice) . • . 245. Dabhades: set up DakshiM Fund. 52 karpa, keyada and bhuri (diseases Dadaji Kondadeo, reforms of, •. 49 of grapes) '. •. . • 246 Dagadi Bridge, Poona 637 Kevada-bhendi (lady's finger), Dakshina Fqnd •• 52,62 yellow vein mosaic of, 246; Dalimb (pomegranate) 215 cereals, downy mildew of, 245; Damaji Thorat plunders Poona:: 51-2 papaya, mosaic of, 246. . Dances 141-5 k1iaira (citrus canker) 246 dindi •• 144 Kobl . kujane .(blackrot gondhala •• 142 cabbage) •. 246 lamb leani (see danekani). hadaga or bhondala •• ' .. 141 jhimmas 145 mar-banana, panama. disease kadakalakmd 143 of, 246; brinjals, wilt in, 246; • lezim 143 wheat, seeding blight of;- 245. mahalaksmi 142 tembera-fig, rust in, 247 ; phugadi 145 potatoes, rust of, ..247 ;. wheat; · tip" and goph 144 rust of, 245. Danda exercise •• .. 145 zipra, (Bee danekani). Dang ehaul;( a puoo) 198 Distilleries •• 274 Dapodi ,,' 615 District (and Ses$ions) Judge 470 Dapuri workshop .. 534 1;>istrict Court Buil~gs, Poona 651. INDEX·

PAGI[ PAGE Disll'ict Local Board, Poona-' Education Department •• 537-5T area 459 arts schools • • • • 544 constitution . • 459 Assistant ~uty Educational control by Collector, Director of Inspectors . • 537 Local Authorities, and State basic and craft schools 541 Government 461 Boy· Scouts, Girl Guides and dharma$a.las 463 National Cadet Corps 544 expenditure. (1951-2) , 461 Broadcasts, school .• 544 functions, obligatory and optional. 460 Certified schools •• 544 population 459 Defectives, schools for, 543- revenue (and . ~xpenditur~ j Deputy Educational Inspector, ( 1951-2) 461 Poona .• 537 roads .. 462 Director of Education 537 sanitation and health 462 District School Board 53g taxation, powers of, 460-1 Drawing examinations 542 village panchayats (see Vil1ag~ Educational Inspector, Poona Panchayats ) 463 district, duties of, •• 537 water supply 462 Inspector of Commercial Schools 537 District Magistrate 471,474 Inspector of Drawing and Craft functions of, 442-3 Work .• .. 537 District Registrar 443 Inspector of Physical Education. 537. District Soldiers', Sailors' and Air- Inspector of Visual Education .. 537 men's Board . . 443 Language Schools •• 543 Divorce .among Muslims .. 156 Medical inspection of scho~b Dodka (sharp-cornered cucumber). 211 .and colleges . 544 Domestic servants 399-400 Music schools .• •• 544 Draksha ( grapes) 215 NUrsery and kindergarten schools. 544 Dress 78-81 organization •• 537-g.. child 78 Oriental research institutions •. 543 Christians 151 physical education .. 544 female 80-1 _Poona University (see Poona Hindu urbanite 81 University). . head-dress 79 primary education .. . . 538-41 indoor 81 Primary Education Act, working of, 539- Muslim 154 primary ·education: statistics .. 540-1 outdoor 81 School Board, Poona Municipal Sindhi Hindus 16c} Corporation .• 53S Drugs and Narcotics " .. 201··02 secondary education •. 542 area under -, . . 201 statistics relating to, .• 542 betel leaf (pan or nagoel} 201 Shreemati. Nathibai Damodhar tobacco ( tambakhu ) • . 202 Thaokersey College for Drugs, manufacture of, .• 274-8 Women 557 Dudh-bhopla (long white gourd). . 211 Social eduCGtion 545 Dulya Maruti, Poona .. . . 657 special schools 543-4 Dumb and Deaf Uplift Society 594, 604 tailoring, cutting and sewing Durgadevi famine (1396-1407) .. 45 schools .. •. 544 Dyeing and printing experimental Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth .. 556-7 laboratory . • • . 528 village libraries . • . . 545 Dyeing of cloth 298 visual education • . . • .!l44 Educational institutions, Christian. 152 Ear-lobes, piercing of; 85 Ekadasi, Ashadhi • • • • 130 Earthing up, 219 Electrical Circle (see Public Works Economic prospects .. 433-6 Department} • agricultural progress 433-4 . Stuart- Poona city, role of, 435-6 Commissioner 59 small sCille and village occupa- policy of, 60-1 tions .. 434 vested interests, treatment of, • . 6() urbanization of smaller towns 434-5 Employment 165, 166-7 Economic survey 163-8 Empress Botanical Garden 585, 643, 657. employment 165 Engineering College, Poona 552, 558, 657 famine, conquest of, 164 Engineering, general and eleotrical. 276-7 indusll'ies, growth of, 165 Epidemics . . 565 influx of refugees •• 167-8 Erandi (Bee Castorseed). irrigation .. - 163 Evil eye •• 121 means of livelihood .• 167 Exercise- shift from agriculture to non- balthak 145 agricultural employment 166-7 danda 145 shift in occupations .. 164 kusti 145 small holdings, increase of, 163-4 types of, 145-6 trade and finance, growth of, 164-5 Exports- urbanization •• 165-6 commodities and destinations .. 344-5 Education t Muslinis •• 155 Poona City 356-7,358 INDEX

PAGE PAGE Factory Department 572-3 Flowers, retail trade in, 37Z: Fairs 354-5 Food 75 Famine Relief Committee .• 607-8 classes ( pastoral, artisan, and Famines (1396-1407), 45; agricultural) 75 (1396-1948),259-64; (1629-30), holiday fare 75 48; (1803-4), 56; (1876), 64; Muslims 154 (1896-1908). 66; conquest of, service, method of,:: 75' 164. urbanites . . 75- Farmers, standard of life of, 421-4 vegeterian Maharashtrian hoteis·. 76 Fasts- Forest Department- .. . . 516-20 chaturTM8 120 Chief Conservator of Forests .. 516 navaratra 133 Conservators of Forests . . 516 rishi panchami .. 132 Divisional Forest Officer, Poona. 517 Fasts, feasts and holidays 128-9 Divisional Forest Officers (also Fauna- duties) . . .. 516-7 Birds, 28-32-birds of resplen­ Divisional Forest Officer, Work- dant plumage, 31; buntings, ing Plans, Central Circle . . 517 yellow, 30; crane, 29; ducks, Forest Guards (or beat guards) 28; Howerpeckers, 31; game (also duties).. .. 516-8 birds, 30; hawks, 29; lark, ,Forest Utilization Officer; Bom- 30 ; parakeets, 31 ; rosy bay State 517 P!lstor, 29; snipe,. 29; song functions .. 518-20 hllds, 32 ; sunbrrds, 31 ; organization .. •. 516-8 weaver birds, 30. people, relations "With, 520' Fish (see Fish) 32-7 Range Forest Officers (al~~ Mammals, 24-8-ant-eater, 28; duties) •. 516,17 beasts of prey, 24-6; bats, 26; ranges, list of, 517 deer, 27; rodents, 26. Research and W~;king Pl~~ snakes 37-40 Division 516 wild animals 24-8 roads 520 Fennel 205 Round Officers (fo;~sters ) ( al~~ Fennel, sweet 205 duties) .. 516, 518 Fergusson College, Poona 550, 658 Silviculturist, Bombay state 517 Fertilizers 240 Sub-divisional Officers duties ~i, 517 Festivals- Vana Mahotsav 520 dipavali or divali .• 134 Forests- . . 20-4 Ganesha chattlrthi .. 132 minor forest products 22 Fibre products, manufacture of, 298-9 talukawise distribution 20-21 trees .. Fibres- Forest Utilization Officer 517 area under - 206 cotton .• 207 Footwear, retail trade in, 371-2 hemp, brown (ambadi) 207 Forts- Bann or tag 207 Hadsar 5 528 Lohagad 6 Fibre Work School, Poona MaIhargad 6, Fife Lake, 639-40, 660 Narayangad 5 Fig 215 Purnnruu 6 Film industry 279 Rajmachi 4 Finance- .. •. 317-42 Sudhagad' ,4 agencies of, old and new 317 Shivner 5 co-operative credit societies a~d Sinha gad 6 banks •. 320-7 Vajragad 6 indigenous banking •• 317-18 Visapur 6 insurance companies ., 332-6 French beans 213 'oint stock banks •• • . 327-32 Fruits 215-7 Iron and investment companies. 335 banana (keli) 216 money-lenders • • • • 318-20 citrus, fruits 216 private limited companies •• 339-40 fig (anfeer) 215 public limited companies ., 336-9 grapes ( draksha) 215 State assistance to agriculture .; 340-1 guava (peru) 217 State assistance to industry •• 341-2 miscellaneous • • 217 Fireworks, manufacturers of •. 400-01 papaya (papaO . . 216-7 Firewood, retail trade in, 369 pomegranate (dalimb) 215 Fire temple; Poona •• 658 retail trade in, . . • . 370 Fish- Fruits and vegetables.. . . 207-17 habitat •• 32-3 area under fruits and vegetables. 207-8 methoas of catching , 37 retail trade in, 370 species, .• 33-7 Fruit Experimental Station, Kirk~. 510 Fit person institutions .. 489 Funerals- Fisheries, development of, 37 Bene israel 150 Fitzgerald Bridge, Poona 637,658 bramhachari 117 Flour mills 299 child 117 Viii INDEX

PACK PACK Funernls-contd. Gourd- Hindu 113-4 long white 211 non-Vedic .... 117-8 snuke ... • • 212 Muslim 156-7 Cava/t/n.t, singing of, .• • • 146 8Clnyasi 117 Grain and grocery, wholesale b':r.de in, . . 360 Gajar •• 209-10 CrlUU ( harbhara ) 198 Games •• 137-41 Grapo-fruit 216 Major-atya-patya, 140; hu-tu-tu, Grapes " 215 140; khokho, 140; vi'i-dandll, Great Indian Peninsula Railway I·U. Go. .. 380 Minor-abadabi, 138 ; andhli­ Grocery, retail trade in, 368-9 kosimbir, 137, ; chendu-pllOli, Croundnut (bhu;mug) 200 139 . chappa-pani, 137 ; Cuava •• 217 ghoda-pani, 138· 8uP-chup­ Gudhipadva 129 toba, 138; kllOmb-kllOmbolya, Gur, manufacture of,:: 285-6 138; lagorya, 141; langadi, Crain-roasters , • 401 140; lapandava, 137; sMdi, Gul-mllking, implements used in, 225 139; slJiva-shivi 137; SIIra- Gup-chup-toba •• 138 1JOrambi, 138; vagha-bakari, 138. IIatlaga (or Bhondla) 141 Sedentary-phare-mare, 139 ; Hlldsar fort, • , 617 8Clgargote, 139. Hair, cutting of, •. 86 GamnlOt ~ 146 lIa/ad (seo Turmeric), 105 Canaputi, prayer to, " 146 lJl/lad ceremony •• 96 Canarat; pII/ana •• 121 JI(IfIuman ]ayantl •• 129 Cunnpati temple, Poona 658 Hardware, retail trade in, 371 Ganesila cllOturt"i .. 132 Harik (a cereal) . , 194 Cnneshkhind Covernment Carden. 584 lIaritalika 132 Carlic (l(/slm) •• 205 Harrow 224 Caliri, holiday and worship 133 Harvcsting .. 220-21 Cavari 213 Hnwkers 374-5 Cnwnn, Mahmud, 45 Hcncl-dress- Gayatl'i, sacred •• 90 Khoins 155 Ceneral Administration, La~d Mnhar,\shtrian 79 Revenue and, • . • . 438-53 Hemp, brown 207 Ghana •. 8895 HiJls- Chushiram Kotwal, chief police ' Dhak 4 mngistrate, stoned to death 55 Hatnkcshvar 5 Chashiram's Vada, Poona 659 J:ullbulni, 4 Ghevada 213 Sahhyadri 2 GllOell/-pan; • • 138 Sukhupathar 6 GllOsa/e (a fruit vegetable) 211 Shridepnthar 6 Chosts and evil spirits 127 Tnmhini 4 Chosts, appeasing of, •• 128 Tasubai ridge 5 Cinger, •. 205 Vihirgaon 5 Girl Guides • • 544 Hinduism 119 Giman Vagvardh;ni Sabha, Poona. 543 Hingne Strce SlIikshan San.t';I~ Glass bangle manufacturing centre, 659,599,659 Poona • . •• 527-8 Hirnoog, Poona , • 659 Class and glass-ware, manufacture History, administrntive- ot .. 278-9 British period, 59-fl7-boundaries Gliderdrome, Phursunb':i 659 of the district, 67: Commis­ COllns .. 151 sioner for Ccntral Division, Goats (see Sheep and Goats). 64; considerable administrative Cllddesses- progress, 66; judicial adminis­ .t\lmapllma 142 tration, 61 ; lot of the common Haritalika 132 people, 62; militnry ndminis­ Cods-:- trution, 61; pnnchnynt svstem house 120 of ju9l:ice, 62; Poona os head­ temple 121 quarters of Britbh Army and Cokhule Hall, Poona ." 662 Southern Command, 65 . Cokhnle Institute of Politics Rnd Poona as hcndquortcrs at Economics, Poona .• 554 , departments, 66; Foona as Gokul Ashtami • 131 Indio's monsoon capital (~()ldsmitllS 200-300 ( proposal), 65 . Poona as Cold thread, manufacture of, pioneer in loca~ self-govern­ •. 300-01 ment, 67· Poona as velllle of Co/nest/na 80 Contlliala th!) Legisflltive Council (July 142 1862), 65 I Poona In reccnt Gop" 144 tlmcs, 65; private bent'fac­ (.;oradu (the common yam) 210 tions, 06; Romoshis and Kolis, INDEX ix

PAGE PAGE History, .dministrative-contd. History, administrative-contd. British period-rontd. Muslim period-contd. unrest among, 62, 63, 64; emperor, 49'"; Shivaji plunders reactions in Poona of the great Junnar, 50; village communi­ rebellion of 1857, 63; revenue ties prosper under Shivaji. 50. administration, 61; rallatwari Hoes 224-5 system of land revenue, 61. Holdings- .. 183-90 Hindu period, 41-3-Buddhist Bombay Prevention of Frag­ influence (2nd century A.D.), mentation and Consolidation of 42 ; Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas Holdings Act (1948) 189 and Yadavs, 43; Junnar, role holders (1882-83 and 1947-8) •• 184 of, 42; foreign influence (up quinqueunial smtement (1947-8). 183 to 2nd century A.D.), 43; quinqueunial statement ( taluka- Vedishri, king of Dakshina­ wise), 1947-8 •. 185-8 patha, 42. size and number .• 183 Maratha period, 52-9-adminis­ size of average holding 189 trative system of the Mamthas, Small holdings, increase of, •• 163-64 57; Baji Rao I, 52; Baji Rao Holi - 136 II as a protege of the British, Rolidays- 56 ; Baji Rao II restores Divali 134 revenue-farming, 56 ; Balaji Hindu . • • . 129-36 Daji Rao : revenue reforms, 53 ; Holkar Bridge, Poona • . 638, 659 Balaji Viswanath : reforms, 52; Holkar defeats Baji Rao II and Daulatrao Shinde's exactions, Daulatrao Shinde at Hadapsar .. 55 55; Holkar plunders Poona, Holkar's temple, Poona 660 55; Madhavrao Peshva, a pro­ Home Guards •• ..479-80 gressive administrator, 53 ; Honya Koli, a rebel leader 63 Nana Fadnavis, 55; Nizam Horses, etc. 2!l.7 invades Maratha territory, 53; Horse gram (kulith;' kulthi or Nizam invades Poona, Ram­ hulge) 198 shastri as chief judge, 54. Hosiery- Muslim period, 43-52-Ala-ud­ manufacture of, 301 din Bhilji. 43-4; Aurangzeb retail trade in, • . • • 369 ~onquers Poona, 51 ; Hospitals (see under Medical Dahamaui kingdom (1347- Department). 1490 A.D. ),. 44; Bhonsle Hotels, persons enagaged in, •. 401-03 family: internecine warfare House-gods •. 120 between members, 51; Dadaji Houses and housing •• 76-8 Kondadeo introduces new modem buildings •• 78 .system of revenue demand and types of dwellings •. 76 the Fasli year, 49; Hindus in vadas, construction of, 76 administrative services, 46 ; Hulge (see Horsegram). Junnar under a Samaik, 45 i Humidity 14-15 Koli revolt, 50 ; Mahmua Hussain Nizam Shah (king of Gawan : centralized govern­ Ahmadnagar ) 47 ment, 45 ; Malik Ahamad: Hutasani 136 establishment of Nizamshahi Ha-ta-tlS 140 ·of Ahmednagar, 46 ; Malik Ambar, administrative reforms Idols­ of, 47 ; Malik-ut-Tujar : Ambabai. 142 attempt to resettle villages, Mahalaksmi 142 45; Mughals (17 century), 47; Imports- Muhammadanism, influence of, commodities and sources 343-4 44; Muh8IllIIl:ld Tughlaq, 44; Poona City 356-8 Nizam-ul-Mulk Bhairi (1477), Inams 440 45; Poona and Supa: as Jagirs lnam tenures .• 249 .()f the Bhonsles, 47; Poona Indapur ..•• 617 as a sepamte sarkar, 46; Poona Indian Drugs Research Association's becomes centre of movements laboratory 555 in Maharashtra, 52; Poona Indus cult .• •. 160 as part of Bid province, 45; Industrial Co-operatives and Village Poona rased to the ground, Industries Department •• 526-9 (1635), 48; .. scorched earth" Assistant Registrar, Poona (powers policy in Poona, 47; Poona and functions) .. 526 under the Nizamshahis, 46; District Officer, Poana 526 Political ferment in Deccan Deputy Registrars .• . • 526 ruter Sambhaji, 51;' Raja Dyeing and Printing Experimental Maloji Bhonsle, 47; Sambhaji : Laboratory 528 cSOrry tale of exactions, 51; Experimental and R~search Sta­ Shahajr Bhonsle changes his tions 528 allegiance, 48 ; Shivaji, Experimental Workshop 528 mansubdar . under Mughal Fibre Work School 528 INDE..'!C

PAGE PAGE: Industrial Co-operatives and Village Industries-contd. Industries Department-contd. raw materials, value of, 293 Glass Bangle Manufacturing rubber goods 283· 1 Centre 527-8 small-scale 294-310 industrial education 527 smithies .. 304-05 Industrial Supervisors 526-7 snuff-making 305 Joint Registrar 526 soap 283-5 marketing .. 528-9 State assistance to, 341-2 Oil Ghani Tmining Centre 527 ~ngar ~"d gttl' 285-6 organization 526 tanneries 306 Paper (hand-made) ' Research textiles 286-9 Centre 528 value of output 293 primary industrial co-operatives. 527 vegetable oils .. 290 Provincial Industrial Co-operative wages and salaries paid 292 Association, Ltd., Bombay, 527 ; weaving- Poona Branch, 528. cotton and silk •. .. 307-00 Reay Industrial Museum, Poona. 528 wool .. 308-10 Sheep-breeding Farm, Poona .. 527 Industries Department­ Village Industries Experimental Assistant Director, Poona 529 VVorkshop .. 528 Director of Industries 529 Village Industries Research Industries Officer, Poona 529 Laboratory .• 528 Inspector of VVeights and Industries­ 265-315 Measures 529 agarabatti-making 294 organization 529 bakeries 294 Infectious Diseases Hospital, Poona. 561 bamboo-working 294-5 Insurance companies 332-6 bidi-making 295 companies registered in Poona .. 334 biscuits .. 269-70 mutual insurance companies book-binding .. 282-3 registered in Poona 335 brass,. copper, and aluminium .. 270-73 Interculture 219, 248 breweries 274 Investment companies 335- brick-manufacturing 295-6 Invitations- building .. 296-7 marriage 95- capital employed in, 291 upanayana 87 carpentry 297-8 Ironware ( smithies) •. .. 304-05 ceramics 273-4 Iron works 410, chemicals 274-6 Irrigation· •• 220, 229-38 consolidated statistics relating to, 391-3 area under irrigation 229 distilleries .• 274 bandharas .. 232-3 drugs .. 274-6 crops and sources of, 23(} dyeing and printing 298 Government irrigation works 234 electrioal engineering 276-'7 importance of, .. 163- electricity consumption 293 Lloyd Dam 236- employment in registered Mutha Canals 234-5 factories .. 310-11 Nira Canals 235-7 fibre working 298-9 sources of irrigation 231 films 279 tanks (see also Lakes)-Bhadal­ flour mills 299 vadi, 237; Kasurdi, 237-38; fuel consumption .. 293 Katraj, 638-9, 660; Khadak­ general engineering 276-7 vasle, 9, 660 ; Khamgaon, 235 ;. glass and glassware .. 278-9 Matoba, 235; Rakh, 237; gold and silver thread making .. 300-01 Shetphal, 237; Shirshuphal, goldsmiths . . 299-300 237. growth of, 165 wells 231-2- hosiery 301 Ivory combs, manufacture of. 302- ivory combs 302 labour employed and wages and Jail Department- . . . . 481 salaries paid 292 Board of Visitors, Yeravda Central large-scale .. 269-93 Prison ' leather works .. 302-03 485 oilseed-pressing 303 Borstal School at Dharwar 481 organization of labour .. 312-5 Convict officers .482 paper and paper boards 280-1 guarding establishment, Yeravada paper making by hand .. 303-04 Central Prison 482: paints and varnishes 280 Inspector General of Prisons 481 persons employed per day in Jailors: recruitment and training. 482 factories .. 310 Jail refornls 483-4: plastics .. 282 Matrons (Senior and Assistant) . 482- population engaged in, 265 organization 482: pottery 304 police lock-ups 481 printing and book binding 282-3 prisoners, number of, 483'. INDEX

PACE PAGE: Jail Department~ Junnar-rontd. prisoners in Yeravda Central Kala Chabutra (monument of Prison-classification of, 483; Koli revolt) • • • • 51)- cost of feeding, guarding, etc., plundered by Nizam Shah's troops. 47 483; daily routioe of, 483. plundered by Shivaji 50. recruitment 482 province (as constituted by Resident Medical Officers 482 Malunud Gawan) .. 45 subsidiary jails 481 role in. administrative history .. 42 Superintendents of Prisons : Juvenile and Beggars Departmcnt. 485-1l recruitment and tIaining 482 After-care Hostel 489 Superintendent, Yeravda Central Beggars Act .• 487 Prison 482 Borstal Schools Act .. 485,486. training of higher staff 482 Certified School 489. Yeravda Central Prison 481,482-3 Chief Inspector of Certified Jains 120 Schools and Chief Inspector of Jalu:a ceremony 156 Certified Institutions . . 487 Jamsetjee BUDd, Poona 637,639,660 Chief Officer ( Secretary, District Janf7IIJ ashtami 131 Probation and After-care Jati Nirmula Sanstha 595 Association and Chief Proba­ Javal: customs 86 tion Officer of the Juvenile 1arxu (see Linseed). Court) 488 Children Act 485, 486, 488 Jaysing, Mirza Raja 50 District Probation and After-care Jejuri 618 Association 487,489-- Khandoba temple 6 Fit person institutions. . 489- Jhal, ceremony of, 108 Habitual Offenders Restriction JhimrT1Q8 145 Act 486, 48!}- Jijamata Garden, Poona 644, 660 Juvenile court 488 Jivadhan fort • • 619 legislation 485-6' captured by the British 59 Probation of Offenders Act 485-6' Jogeshvari, Poona • • 660 Probation Officers. duties of, 488- John Small Memorial Hall, Poona 662 Remand Homes, Poona City 489- Joint stock banks . . ..327-32 Poona bankers' clearing house .• 332 Kadaka Lakshmi 143 registered in POODS (assets and Kaivalyadham, Lonavle 543 liabilities) . • 331 Kale, Dadu Narsu 45 Tote and jhan 160 Kalingad (water melon) 211 Jowar (;oon) 194 Kalama 155 Judical Department .• •. 469-73 Kema Gavli, rebel leader 63 Additional Sessions Judge 470 Kanda (onion) 21() Assistant Judges •• 469 Kangar (a yam) 210· Assistant Sessions Judges 470 Kanyadana ceremony .. 103,107 civil courts • • 469 Karanda (a yam) 21o. statistics of, • • . • 472 Kardm (see Safilower). Civil Judges (location of courts). 469-70 Karle (see Nigerseed) 211, 621 criminal courts • • • • 470 Kamavedh ceremony .• 85 statistics of, 472-3 Kartoli (a wild gourd) 211 District Court . 469 Kasurdi tank •• 237-3S District Judge 469 Kashi bhopla or Kashi-phal District Magistrate .. 471-4 (a pumpkin) 211 expenditure (1949..50) 473 Katraj acqueduct • • 638-9, 660 Governmcnt Pleaders 472 Kawar sen, peshwa of Burhan Nizam. 46 . High Court 469,471 Keli (banana) 216 Judicial Stamps. income from, Kelvan 87 (1949..so) 473 Khadakvasle Dam 639,660 law officers 472 Khamgaon tank 235- Legal practitioners •• 472 Kham khambolya 138, Magistrate-City, 471; Honorary, Khandoba temple at Jejuri & 472; Judicial and executiv~, Kharbu; 211 470-1; powers of, 471; Resi­ Kharsambli' 213- dent, 471.- Khed •. 621-2 nyaya panchayats •• 472 Khira or Khira kakdi •. 212 . Public Prosecutors 472 Kho-Kho •• 140 revenue (1949-50) •• 473 Khunya Murlidhar Mandir, Poona. 661 Sessions (and District) Judge •• 470 Khurasani (see Nigerseed). Small Cause Court at Poona 469 King Edward Memorial Hospital, Juma mosque, Poona •• 660 Poona • • 563, 593, 602-3 /umagi 156 Kinkrant 136-- /una hazar 374 Kirkee (Khadaki) contonment 647, 649-50- Junnar •• 619-21 Area 62~ head-quarters of Nizamshahi Army establishments 647 .lV'ft!lC!tv Kirlcp.A hattl" field 66!) INDEX

PAGB PAGE ..Kirkee (Khadaki) cantonment­ Labour Deparbnent-contd. contd. Unions registered under the objects of interest (see Objects Bombay Industrial Relations, alphabetically CUTanged under Act 511 Poona, pp. 650-18); Wage Boards. population 630 Welfare Centre, Poona 512 roads 637 Working Class Cost of Livfug water works 641-2 Index 572 .Kirtana • . 123-4 Lady's finger 213 varkari type 123 Lakdi Bridge (no~ Sambh~ji. .Kodra (see Hw:ik) 194 Bridge) 638 .Kohala • . 212 Lakes­ Kolis, revolt of, 50, 62, 63, 64 Andra 9 .Kon ..•• 210 Bhadalwadi (see alSQ Irrigati~~ .Kondhana (Sinhgad) fort (see also Tanks) 9 Sinbgad). Kasurdi 9 Mirza Raja ]aysing, lays seige Katraj 9 to, 50 Khada.kvasle 9,660 Muhammad Tughlug, lays seige Khamgaon 9 to, .. 44. Lonavale 9 Sinhagad, renamed as, 50 Matoba 9 .:Korigad fort 622 Pashan 9 . Koregaon .. 622 Rakh 9 .Kothimbir (see Coriander). Shetphal 9 .Krishna Yaiuroedis . . . • 158 Shirsuphal 9 .Kulith or Kulthi (see Horsl!gram). Shiravate 9 Kumbhar Ves Dharan (Dagadi Walwhan 9 Bridge), Poona 631, 661 Laksmi-Pujana 134 . Kurkumb 622 LalMahal .. .. 49 Kusti, types of, .. 145 Landlords (non cultivating), stand- Kusumba (800 SafBower). ard of life of, . . • . 424-5 Land Improvement Board' 512 Labour Deparbnent .. 570-14 Land Mortgage Bank 323-4 Assistant Commissioner of Land Record Deparbnent 491-9 Labour 510 assessment, basis of,. 492 Certifying Surgeon under th~ Bhor survey records 494 Factories Act .. 513 cada9tral surveyors .• 493 Chief Inspector of Boilers 514 Circle Inspectors .. 493 Commissioner of Labour .. 570 City survey . . . . 494 Commissioner for Workmen's City Survey Office, Superin- Compensation 513 tendent of, . . . . 494 Commissioner ( ex officio ) ~f consolidation of agricultural hold- Workmen's Compensation 513 ings 494 ,·Conciliators . . . . 510 District and Cad~si:ral Survey Directorate of Labour Informa- staff 493 tion .• .. 511 District Inspector of L~d .DeJ>uty Commissioner of Labour Records .. 493,494 (Administrative) .. . . 510 District Survey Office 494 .Deputy Commissioner of Labour District Surveyor .. 493 (Welfare) 511 inam villages, introduction of .Employees' State' Insumnce Act 512 survey in, '..• . 494 Factory Deparbnent 572-3 land revenue collections Industrial Court .. 572 (1950-51) . •. 499 .Inspectors of Boilers , 574 . non-agricultural assessment 498 .Inspectors of Factories 573 objects .. 491 . Labour Court 572 pot-hissa survey staff 493 Labour Officers 511 record of rights .. 492 .

PAG:& Land Revenue and General Adminis­ Local Board roads • • 38~ tration-contd. Local Self-Government Depart- District Soldiers' Sailors' and Air­ ment • • • • 453-67 mens Board 443 District Local Board (see District inal7l8 • • • • 440 Local Board). land revenue collections. statis­ evolution of local self-govern- tics of, 499 ment , • • • • 453:- Local self-government: functions functions of Collector 44l. of Collector 441 Municipalities (soo Municipa- Mahalkaris 446 lities) • Mamlatdars 446 Village panchayats (see Village Non-agricultural assessment, fixa- Panchayats) • tion o~l. •• 498 Lagorya •• •• 141. Patil (village .headman) 451 Lohagad fort .. 622-3- Prant Officers (8ee Pmnt Lohogaon Air Force Centre 64!)' Officers). Lonavale ., 623-~ Rural Development Board 443 Lord Reay Maharashtra Industri~ Talathi 452 Museum, Poona· 661.. village servants 452 Lungade 80> Land Revenue Code (1879) 251 Lutane 13& La~ds, jirayat and bagayat (8~~ Land Utilization). Madhav Rao, Peshwa, an able Land utilization- administrator •. 54' area, cultivated and uncultivated. 177 Magistrates, powers of, 471 area ur.der different crops 180 Magni (proposal) .. 10~ cropped area •. 179 Mahalkaries, duties of, 44!)' forests •. 178 Maharashtra Association for Culti- lands, iirayat and bagayat 178 vation of Science .. 551); hnd utilization .• 177 Maharashtra Education SocietY'~ wastelands. culturable 179 Arts and Science College, Langadi 140 Poona 55r Lapandaoo 137 Maharashtra Muru:a~ Shain', Lasun (see Garlic). Poona . • . • 55g;: Laundries 403 ,/ Maharashtriya Mandal 595, 598-9' Lavan!, bhedic . 147 Mahashivaratri • • • • 13S;; Lavania •. 146-- Mahila Seva Mandal.. 595, 601 Law College, Poom 553,661 Mahilashram High School, Hingne. 551'r, Learned professions •• ..403-06 Mahila Vanaprastashram 595, 601-02: arts, letters and science 403 Mahammad Shah Bahamani , . 44- education and research 404 Mahammad Shah Bahamani ITI .. 45, 4fl: • law •• 404 Mahmad Gawan . . . , 45: medicine •• 405-06 Mahratta Chamber of Commerce Leather goods­ and Industries manufacture of. •• 302-03 Maize (makka) retail trade in, 371-2 Makara sankrant Lemons •• 216 Maktabs 155; Leper Hospital, Kondhwa 561 Malaria •. 56T Lettuce 213 Malaria Organization .• 564.- Lezim 145 Malhargad .. 625- Lezim dance 143 Malik Ahmad (Ahmad Nizam) •• 46- Lift irrigation 511 Malik Ahmad (son of Nizam-ul- Lime, kagdi 216 Mulk Bhairi) . . .. 45, 46: Lingayat sect .• 119 Malik Ambar, administrative reforms Linseed (;a008 or alshi) 200 of, • • , . 47-8: Livcstock 226-9 Malik-ut-Tujar, administration of, 4S: breeding . 228 Malkhamb •• •• 146' breeding centres 228 Maioji BhosIe, Raja .. 4T buffaloes •. 227 Mamlatdars, duties of, . . 446- Central Poultry Farm, Poona 228 Managed Estates, administration cows 227 of, . , . , 589-9Ot horses, etc 227 Collector of Poona as Court of poultry 228 Wards 58g. prices 229 Court of Wards •. 589' products (table) 229 Guardians and Wards Act ,. 590> Sheep-breeding Farm. Poona 228 Manager to superintend estates sheep and goats 227-8 taken over by Court of sources of supply 228 Wards 59c) statistics •• 226-7 Manchar 625- veterinary hospitals •• 228 Mandap, marriage •• 95" Livestock Expert to Government •• 512 Mangalasta.!·as 89, 102, 101 Lloyd Dam 236 Mango .. 21T .Loan companies 335 Manik Nala (Poona drainage) .. 643. ;xiv INDEX

PAGE PAG! lJanures .• 239-40 Money-lenders . • • • 318-2! compost manure • : 239-40 control by legislation •• SI8-2! ferulizers 240 loans advanced • • • • 3U oilcakes 240 Money-lenders Act (1947) •• 3U systems of manuring, 239 Money-lenders and money lending Manuring .218 (see Co-operative Department). .Mamtha influence /. • 52 Moroba Dada's Vada, Poona .• 66e Maratha period • . 52-9 Mosambis (sweet oranges) •• 216 Mamthas: administrative system. 56-9 Motor body, builders and repairs Marathi Shastriya Granth MandaI. 556 of, ' •. ..410-12 Market committees 525 Motor Vehicles Department- .• 506-7 Market places 347-8 District Magistrate, relation with 507 Marriage .• 93-112 Motor Vehicles Act, . .' 506 Bene Israel 148-9 Motor Vehicles Tax Act, Scope Bralmianic • . 94-104 of, ....506-07 .Bureau (Intercaste) 596, 608 organization . . 506 Civil 111 Police Department, liaison with· 508 Muslim 156 Regional Transport Authority' 508 non-Vedic 104 Regional Transport Officer 506 proposal 104 staff ;. 508 reformed ceremony •• 110-11 State Transport Authority 506 rejoicing 108 Mudhuparka ceremony 101 rules of, 104 Mug (a pulse) .. 198 Maruti 126 Mughals- Masur (a pulse) 198 Deccan 47 Mata-Bal-Sangopan Kendra 594,597 Poona, attack on, (i835) 48 Math (matki) 198, 214 Poona, rule in, . . . . 50 Moharnmadan ,influence during 13th Matoba tank 235 century . . .. Matrubho;an ceremony 89 44 Muhammad Tugbluq .. 44 Mattresses and pillows, makers of, 406-07 Muhiabad: name given to Poona Mechanical cultivation 511 by Aurangzeb 51 Medical College, B. J. 563 Mula (radish) 210 Medical Department- •. 558-63 Municipal roads .. 385 Arogya MandaI, Poona . • 569 Mun! (see Upanayana)~ Ayurvedic MahavidyGlaya, Municipalities- ' .. Poona 563 Alandi 609 ,Civil Hospital, Poona (see also area .. 4.54 Sassoon Hospitals) 558 audit of Local Fund accounts 4.58 ,Civil Surgeon, Poona 559 Baramati. " 610 .dispensaries 562 Bhor . 612 :hospitals 562 constitution .• 455 .Infectious Diseases Hospit~i, control by Collector, Director of Poona 561 Local Authorities and State Leper Hospital, Kondhwa 561 Government .. 458 Medical College . . 563 Dhond (Daund) •. 615 Mental Hospital, Yeravada 560 functions, obligatory -organization 558 optional 455-6 :Seva Sadan Society.. . . 560 Indapur 617 subsidised medical practitioners. 562 Jejuri 617 'Surgeon General 559, 561 Junnar 619 training institutions 563 . Kirkee cantonment (see also Tuberculosis Hospital, Aundh 561 Poona as a Military Centre Village-aid centres .. 562 under Poona, pp. 648-49 and Medical work, Christian 153 . ,for Objects see Poona) 649 .Medicines, retail trade in, 372 lIst of municipalities 4.54 Melon 211 Lonavle .. .• 623-4 Melon, water 211 municipal boroughs: distinction Mental Hospital, Yeravda 560 between municipal boroughs Merchants, standard of life of, 426-7 and municipalities' 459 Metal utensils, retail trade in, •. 370-1 Poona .. 627-78 ,Meteorological Department Obser- Poona Cantonment ( see also vatory, Poona 555, 662 Poona as a Military Centre 1.fethi 214 under Poona, pp. 6-18-9, and Mhasoba 126 for Objects see Poona) 648-9 Milk, production of, .. 407-10 • population 454 Mimamsa Vidyalaya, Poona 543, 551 Sasvad 681 'Minerals • . 11 Sirur 683 Mint .. 214 Talegaon-Dabhade •• 684 Mirchi (see Chilly). taxation, powers of, 457 Missionary work, Christian 153 Murarpant, minister of Bijapur 49 Mohall 214 ¥urtaza Il (Nizamshah) 41, xv

PAGE PAGE .Musical instruments­ 'Obsequies, Hindu, Makers and repairers of. 406 Occupations- ),14-61 Mrdlmga 144 shift in, .,' 164 Tabla 144 small-scale and village 434 Tala 144 ,Odhani ' ., 155 Vina 144 Oil Ghani Training Centre Poona. 527 Muslims, groups among, 153 'Oilseeds- ' 199-201 .Mutha Oanals 234-5 area under; :: 199-200 Mustard 214 castorSeed (erandi) 200 ~oundnut (bhuimug) •• 200 ,Naehan; (Nagli) 195 linseed (;avas or alshi) •• 200 Naga-Panchami ,. 130 nigerseed (karze or khurasani) .. 201 Nagarik Sanghatana Swniti 595, 605-6 pressing of, • , •• 303 Nagar Vachan Mandir. 591, 599 safRower (kardaior kusumba) •. 201 Nal:eshvar's temple, Poona 663 sesamum (til) , , • , 201 Nag Ntlik (Kondhana fort) 44 O'har ' 626 Nagli " 195 'O!nIPurnima , , 131 domestic service , , 399-400 Narapatgir temple, Poona 663 firework manufacturers , , 400-01 Narasingpur '. , 625 grain-roasters •• 401 Narayangad 625 hotels' and restaUrants ,,401-03 Narayanmaharaj Bet •• 625 iron works 410 Narsoba's temple, Poona ,,664 laundrIes, ,. 403 National Cadet Corps • ,544, 99 learned professions .,403-06 National Chemical Laboratory, mattress and pillow makers ,,406-07 Poona 664 milk~production , , .,407-10 National Defence Academy, moto~ body l>uilders and Khadlkvasla " 664 repairers , " ,,410-12 National Tilak University. 556,594 musical instruments, makers of, 406 Natural Resources- public administration 397-8 Fauna (see Fauna) 24-40 religion ' 412 Fish " 32-37 tailoring 412-3 Forests ( see Forests ) 20-4 tinsmiths , , 413 Navalakh Umbre ,. 626 turban and cap makers " , 414 Navaratra .. 133 unearned income, perso~ living Navy Ship Shivaji, Indian 646 on, , .. 412 Nigerseed ., ., 201 Ova (see Ajwan seed). Nira Canal Co-operative Purchase Oxen worshipped , , 131 and Sale Union, Ltd, 349 N ira Canals , • 235-7 Pabal 626 Nirvangi 626 Pabhar (seed drill) .. 223 ,Nivadungya tempie', Pnblicity, Directorate of 588-9 Poona 665 Paddy soil, (see Soils). ' Nizam Shah, Hussain 47 Paints, manufacture of 280 Nizamshahis- Palasdev ,: 626' administration 46,47 Padwal (snake gourd) 212 dynasty ,. 46 Pan (see Betal leaf), retail trade Mughals, invasion by, 47 in, .. 369 NizalO-ul-Mulk Bhairi " 45,46 Panchaleshvara temple, I'oona 665 ,Nowtosjee 'Nadia College, Poona, 551,665 Pane/wi' , , 84 Nurul Huda, , Moulvi of Poona, Paniarpol 592 594 607 detained during the great rebellion Papaya (popai)' . , 2ia-17 of 1857 63 Paper- Naya Panchayats­ manufacture of, 280-1, 303-04 appeals 472 ReseaTch Centre',', 528 , constitution 465 Parasntlth temples .• 666 , 'powers ,', 465 Parasurambhau College, Sir, 666 I'ACB 1'04'; p.m.-s and Gardens. Diftdorato Pedlars s: m, ~4~ Peru (guaw) 2.) Agri-Horticulturul Society of Pesha"a Udynna. Poona City 644. Western India ~4. 585 Pests- ....24 Bund G:udens. Poona • • 58S .",bl/fJOOril blaimd (mango steam i I Director m piIrks and Gardens. ~4 bover) 2. Botnnical Gardens, D",bl/fJOOril tudtudcJ (mango i 'k11pres5POOlta •• •• 5S5 hoppers) • • • • 2t neshkllin.d Government hlaalucJ.!la la"'lfG lumulllill1/G .' I Garden • • • • ~4 ollfG ( sWlImling catcrpil1llS). . __ v~ens in Poona •• • • 584 bill pa"kll' WI ( wingll'SS gNS$- Superintendent, Government hopper) .. .. g.uden at G:UleslUiliind ~4 dall",bat.'MIl .ftInua (pomegranate P8m,\kuti, Poona • • • • 666 fruit borer) •• Parthians. inHucnce m, in 2nd dt'V; (St'rue inSt'Ct).. • • century, A.D. •• 43 droks1wwarll tAAllfG ( grupe.vine Paroar (8 fruit vt'getnble) 2li beetie) Parvnti. hill and temples, Pooua 666 jt... ,ri-t;oril kllOdklda (jowar stem Parwti L\ke. Poooa 667 borer) •• Passe:.'- lIiekad8 (crab) •. Ambavni mava (vt'gctnblo aphids) Amboli 4 .' ,nuly« l.:urtadllal'fl/J ollfG ( ~.t Kntrnj "6 worm) •• •• 245' NIUI6 •• •• 4 phal IIkisld (fruit fI)·) • • 24$ PaUl ("runge head-mlUl) •• 451 ,Jliolntll ",M ~ltos1l<1l1(/ri mas111 PntwnrdhlUl Memorilll lIull, Poona. 66:1 (fruit-sucking moth) • • 243 I'lltwardluUlS ally themselves with p/kot1(lrll kU;t'fl (blistc~ hectics). 241 the N iZlllu 54 lalllbd. lIIuligl. (red ants) • • 24;3.- Pav(a (8 pulse) 198 tlirillS 2431 Pea (ootaIl4) 199 tomato} pol1l4mari" ali (tOUlllt~ I Pe-.u..-s- fmit-oorer) .. .. 244: Ahupe 4 trilldll4l1yadll ,1(1110 kOlamOrJIG BhllmchlUlder 5 alUa (army 'worms) •• 2411 Bhlltrnsi 6 undil' (rut) • . • • 2441 Bhillmshanl..~ ) 244 Jivdhan 4 wild animals 244 Kbnrepntbar 6 Piaore-mcr6 139 Koiri 4 Phl/flDd; d.lDl'e- 145 Koilldnt bit,,! 145 Kudwa 6 .kahalac-Ill 1·ts. KudeshwlU' 5" 1.)la1l4 •• 14." Lohngad 6 Phule Murkct. POOUR '•• 64·1. 60s. M.lhudeo 4 Physicnl features­ Mnjglllln 4 as{'<'cts 2 MnUlargud 6 bound.lrit's 1 MlUldvi •• •• 6 ('('nlml belt •• S Nng-phlUli (cobra's hood. Dule's clim:lle (_ Climate) 1l-1~ Nose) 4 eastern belt •• S. Naraynllgad 5 IIt'Ology •• Io. Nnyp.had 5 hills (soo Hills). ~ondl Ink ..':! (""'6 Lukes). ../ Purnnd'lr :/ p:ls.~s (Sf'fI Pusses). Rnjlll"J.chi 4 pe.\ks (Sf... Penh). Snlt.u 4 rive~ S)'slt'ms (_ Riven). Shivner 5 S\1b-divisions •• 1-2 Shingn 5 Wl'slem belt 2 . •SinhaQud 6 Pick ..\." •• !23 -Sudh'I!U\cl~ , Piecc!tOOds. wholesale trade in. 36:1. Tamhilli 4 Pimrori •• 62i Tiko... "6 Pine applo 211 Tung 8 PUhori J'\,nat:clSl/1J 131 Vnjragnd 6 Pitr'JlQk$lIf' •• 13.:l Visapur 6 Placenta, uisposnl of, •• 81 . INDEX

PAGB PAGE PlAgue " 566 Poona·-contd. Plastics, II\3nufacture of, 282 Burial grounds 646 Players, choosing of, " 137 Centra of all important move­ Ploughing . , , 217-8 ments in Maratha territory Ploughs- 222-3 under Peshva Balaji Vishwa­ iron ploughs , '. 222 nath (1714) 52 steam traction ploughs 223 Cantonment areas " •• 648-50 Pokla (a leafy vegetable) •• 214 climate and rainfall Police Department- .• •. 473-81 621 . Anti-corruption branch 478 cremation grounds " 646 armed police:' duties, training, Dhanaji Jadhav reconquers, 51 etc. '., 477 District Cen.tJal Co-operative Assistant Superintendents 475-6 Bank Ltd. 326 constables • 476-7 drainage 642-3 constables . 477. economic prospects 433-6 crime figures • 478 famine (1803-04) .. 56 Deputy Inspector. General .~f fire service 645 Police •• 474- fires in recent years .• 646 Deputy Superintendents 475-6 . Garden, pp. 643-44--Bund duties: war time .and other 477 Garden, 585, 643. 653 ; Empress head constables •• .... 477 Botanical Garden, 585. 643. Home Deputy Superintendent.. 474 657; Jijamata Garden, 644; Home Guards • • '. , 479-80 Peshva Udyana, 644 ; Sambhaji Inspector General of Police 474 Udyana, 644 ; Shivaji Tank Inspectors . •• • 476 Garden, 644; Somavar peth IntelligenCE:- Brancb.. 474 garden, 644. literacy . . ., 477 headquarters of British army and Motor vehicles and 'wirel~ Southern Command • • • 65 sets 477 headquarters of Poona district organization . • ~ 473 under Aurangzeb and renamed Prohibition Ad,' ~rcement "Muhiabad" 51 of, 477 HoIkar plunders Prosecuting staff 479 55 Railway police 478 importance as a centre 627 recruibnent •• ~76 Khan Jaban conquers, 51 Reserve Consmbulary .478 mango trees planted by Baji Selection committee for recrD;it-. Rao II 56 ment •. ., 47ft memorial halls 662' strength of th& police .. ' 474-5 markets 644-5 Superintendents of Police 474, 475 military centre . 646 Sub-Divisional police officers 474 Municipal Corporation-constitu­ Sub-Inspectors '. 476 tion, 631-2 ; growth, 630 ; unarmed police ,,' 477 Municipal Tmnsport, 393-4; Village defence parties 480-1 powers, 633 ; receipts and Village police 479 expenditure, 633-4 ; taxes, Pomegranate _ " , ~ • 215 rates of, 634. Poonao- •. 627-78 Nizam invades, 51, 53, 54 Aurangzeb sets his will to the Objects of Interest (see Objects task of reducing the Poona alphabetically arranged at territory . ~ . • • 50 pp. 650-78). Aurangzeb determined to COJlsoli- peths-number of properties- in date his authority , • 51 them and annual rateable Bridges, 637-38; Da:rdi Bridge, value, 629; old peths, 628.· 637 ; Fitzgeral Bridge, population, 62~ivision by 631; HoIkar Bridge, 638 ; classes, . 630; .. division by Jamshetjee Bund, 637; Kum- (i) religjon and (ii) language, bhar Ves.. Dharan, 637; Lakdi 630. Bridge (ilow Sambhaji Bridge), roads 634-6 638 ; Railway bridges, 637; Satara Chhattrapati: authority Sambhaji Bridge (formerly established in Poona 52 Lakdi Bridge),· 638; Shiwji "Bridge. 638; Wellesley Bridge, standard of life •• 415-21 637. towers of silence .• "'... 646 oj ·(i) Under this head are included items of inIormation- .; ( a) common to Poona City and the Cantonments of Poona and Kh-kee. and (b) relating exclusively to Poona City. . • 'ch (ii) See also Paona Cantonment.and Kirkee Cantonment (pp. 648-50) for ltems whi . relate exclusively to those places. (iii) For Objects of Interest in Poona City and the Cantonments of Poona and Kirkeo 166 pp. 650-78 wh\lro ~ey 1P'c! m'I\IlSN 8IFhabmi~aUr, A me Vf 1-02 . -xviii

PAGE PAGE Poona-cailtd. Prachandgad fort 686 water supply, 638-42-future Prant officers'- 445 growth, 642; Katraj acqueduct, duties 445 638-9; Khadakvasla Dam and Prants ' 2 Lake Fife, 639-40; Pashan Prarthana Samaj, Poona 668 water works, 642 ; water Pravachanas 123 : works, 640-1. Prayer, Muslim 156 Poona . Oaritonment- . . 648-9 Pregnancy 82-3 area .. .. 629 Preparations- Army establishmerns (e.g., Artifi­ marriage 95 cial Limb Centre, Controller upanayana 87 of Defence. Accounts, Medical Prices- Cbllege, Military Engineering livestock 229 College, Military Engineering retail 376 (Tools and Plant), Military wholesale 375 Hospital, National Defence Printing of cloth 298 Academy, Physical Training Printing presses 282-3 School, Poona Sub-Area Head- Private limited companies .. 339-40 quarters, Signal School, Probation and After-care Associa- Southern Command Head- tion 487, 488, 489, 594, 60(1-7 quarters, - Supplr. Depot, Products, livestock 229 Veterinary Hospita, etc.) .. 647 Prohibition and Excise Depart­ Fitzgerald Bridge 658 ment-574-8 gardens-Bund Gardens, 643 ; Collector of Poona' ~s officer in Empress Botanical Garden, charge 574 643. Director of Prohibition a~d Jamsetjee Bund 660 Excise 574 Objects of Interest (see Objects effect of prohibition 576 alphabetically arranged under enforcement work .. 576 " Poona" at pp. 650-78). IQspectors of Prohibition and population 629 Excise . . 575 roads 636 licences for manufarture of gur water works 639, 641-2 and neera 577 Poona - University­ Medical Boards for examining affilhted institutions ' .. 548-50 applicants for permits 575 Boards of the University 555 military personnel, quota for, .. 575 ·buildings 676 neera and palm products scheme. 577 constituent colleges 550 organization 574 constitution 546 permits .. 576 degrees conferred 556 Police Department to deal with Diplomas 556 enforcement work 575 exernal degrees 556 Prohibition Committees 578 history of, 545 sanskar kendras 578 jurisdiction . 545 Sub-Inspectors of Prohbition a~d places ' of research, approved 555 Excise .. 575 post-graduate teaching outside Superintendent of Prohibition arid­ Poo.na area 555 Excise, Poona 575 printing press 556 Provincial Industrial Co-operative , professorships and readerships .. 555 . Association, Ltd., Bombay 528 research institutions 554 Poona Branch 527 Poona Young Cricketers' Hindu Provision goods, retail trade in, . . 370 Gymkhana 655 Public Administration, Part Y 437-608 Papai (papaya) 216-7 Department of State (see Population- under the various depart­ agricultural .. 169-72 ments) 437-8 Christians 150 population engaged in, 397-8 industrial 265 Public Health Circle (see Public : Muslims 153 Works Department) ' 533-4 occupations' allied to oagriculture 171 Public Health Department- .. 563-70 . .rural (talukawise ) 170 Assistant Director, Malaria 564, 567 rural and urban 169 Assistant Director of Public .urbanization 170 Health, Central _ Registration '-Post offices 396 District 563-4, 570 Pala day 131 child welfare 569 Potato- 209 cholera 566 Research Station, Vadgaon- .Collector : powers in respect of . Kashimbeg .. 510 epidemics 566 sWeet 210 Director of Public Health 563 Potteries, ID'3.n~facture· ~f, 304 diseases, deaths due to, 565 .;P6tt,ers 304 District Health Officer, 'Poona Poultry- 228 District . 563, 566, 569 Central Poultry Farm, Kirkee 22.8,514 epidemics . " 565 INDEX;

PAGE PAGB Public Health Department-contd. Public Works DepaJ;'tment-cantd. Epidemic Medical Oflicers 564 Roads and Buildings 530 fairs 568 schemes proposed ", 532 famine relief 569 State Road Fund .• 532- health propaganda 569 Sub-Divisional Officers •• 532 Health visitors •• 564 Superintending Engineers-Centrai Health Unit, Ghodnadi 564 Circle, 530: Deccan Irrigation inoculation for plague. ~d Circle, 530; functions. 531. cholera 566-7 Publicity, Directorate of - ,: Inspector of Sanitation ~d Collector of Poona to give orders. 589, Vaccination 564 District Publicity Qflicet " •• 588 malaria, 561; control scheme, Publicity Van .. ,588 567; organization, 564; result Regional Publicity Officer •• 588 of survey, 568. . Rural ;Broadcasting Maintenance • maternity and child welfare . . 569 and Service Station 589 Medical and Public Health Unit, Pudina ' 214 Khadakvasla . . . 565 Pulaa 154 Medical Officer of Health, Poona Pulses 196-9 Municipal Corporation 564 area under, 196-7 midwives 564 black gram (udid):: 199 mobile hospital unit 565 dang chavli •• 198 organization 563 gram (Harbhara ) .. 198 pal"his 569 horse gram-(Kulith, Kulthi, or plague •. 566 Hulge) , 198 Public Health Laboratory, - . masuf ' 198 Poona 555,570' math or matki 198 Sanitary Inspectors and Subc mug 198 Inspectors 564 peas (vatana ) 199 Sanitary Orderlies 564 pavta· .• 198. school hygiene 510 WI' 199 Shock Squads •• 564 val 199 Sirur Municipality Health Pulverization 218 Unit 564 Purnpkin­ small-pex • . 566 Banaras 211 vaccination for s~all-pox 566 red 212 vaccinators 564 Pumsavana rite .. 83 vital statistics . . ·510 Punyahaoochana, marriage 97 Public Health Laboratory, Poona 555, 510 Pur 679 Publicity Directorate ,. 588-9 'PuTana, reciting of, " 122 Public Works Department- 530-4 Purandar fort .. 619 Building Projects Division, Aurangzeb captures (1105) 51 Poona .• 530 British capture .. 59 Central Road Fund 532 Dilar Khan beseiges 50 Electrical Circle, 533; Deputy 'Nizamshah's troops ravage 47 Engineers, Poona district, 533; Purandare 52 Electrical Engineer to Govern- Puranik •• 122 ment, 533 ; Executive Engineer, Purification of mother .• 84 533; power supply licences, Pwhkarnas 159 533. Executive Engineers 531 Queen Mary's TechnicilISchool for irrigatioh •• 530 Disabled Soldiers 668 Irrigation Development Division, Poona ( sub-divisions) • . 530 Race course 668 Irrigation Project Division (sub- Radio and wireless •• 395-6 divisions) 530 All-India-Radio, Poona •• 3~6 irrigation works . • . • 532 Beam Wireless Receiving Centre, Nira Right Bank Canal Division Dhond 396. ( sub-divisions ) • • . . 530 Beam Wireless Transmitting Overseers •• •. 532 Station, Dighi '396 Poona Division (sub-divisions) .. 530 Radish ' •• ~. ,210 Poona Irrigation Division (sub- Ragi (see Nagli) •. 195 divisions) . • . . 530 Ragunath Roo Peshwa, 54 Poona Irrigation and Res~arch Rat 214 Division 533 Railways- Public Health Circle, 533-4; bridges, Poona 637 Boring Works Sub-division, Central Railway . • 380-1 534; Deputy Engineers (sub­ Great .Indian Peninsula' Railw~Y. divisional officers), 534; Company . : • . 380 Dapuri Workshop, 534 ; Public Southern M:lhrat>ta Railway ".-Iealth Engineer, 533; Works' Company .• 380 divisions, Central Division 'Southern Railway •• 381-2 (sub-divisions), 534. Rain-dance 141 PAGE PA~ Rainfall 12-13, 172 Retail trade-contd. _. Rajagad • • 619 cycle shops . . • 370 Raja Kelkar historical collection 669 distribution of shops in Poona Bnialu 210 eily •• 364-6 Raj Bhavan 669 distribution of shops ill Poona Rajgira 214 Suburban Area • • 367 Rajamachi • . 680 Bowers • • 372 Rajaram's death (1700 A.D.) 51 fruits and vegetables 310 Rake 225 grocery 368-9 Rakh tank • . . • 237 hardware 371 Rabhasbhuvan, Nizam defeated by ;una bazar 374 Maratha at. 54 leather goods and f~otwear 371-2 Rala 195 medicines . . . . 372 Bama Naoomi 129 pan, bidi. cigarettes and tobacco. 369 Ram Raja ( Vijayanagar) 47 shops registered under Bombay Rambhaji Nimbalkar overruns Shops and Establishments Act POOm!' .. 51 (LXXIX of 1948) 363 Ramdeorao Yadav (1294 A.D.) 43 stationery, cutlery, bangles and Rameshvara temple 669 provision 370 Ramosbis, revolt of •. •• 62, 64. sugarcane juice 371 Bamphal' 217 volume .• 372-3 Ramshastri Prabhune, Chief Judge. 54 wood-fuel (firewood and cru;;- Ranade Industrial and Economic coal) ,I 369 Institute, Poom! 555 Restaurants, persons engaged in, •. 401-03 Rang Mahal 49 Rice (bhat) 193 R~jangaon Ganapati .. 680 Rice-Breeding Station., Vadgaon 510 Rasayan Mandir, Poona 555 Rites- Rashtr~tas (760-973 A.D.) 43 ashtavama 119 Hatala 210 Propitiatory (marru:ge) 96 Bal/atwari 248-9 pumsavana 83 Reay Maharashtra Industrial apanal/ana 88 Museum 528, 661 Rivers- Red Cross Society, Poona Branch 594,602 Andra 6,9 Red Soil (see Soils). Bhama 6,8 Refugees- Bhima 6,7 influx of, .. 167-68 G.tnjavni 9 means of livelihood of, 168 Ghod 4,6,7 . Registration Department .. 503-05 Indrayani 6, 8 District Registrar .. 504 Khanind 9 documents to be registered 503 Karha· 6,9 inspection . . . . 504 Kukdi 4,6,8 Inspector General of Registration 503-04 Mandvi 6 Inspector of Registration, Poona . Mina •. •• 4,6,8 Division 504 Mula (Mula-Mutha) •• 6,8,9 Poona Registration District, statiJ.. Mutha (Mula-Mutha) 8,9 tics of registration 505 Nira 6,8 Registry offices, list of, 503 Pavoo. •• 6,9 Sub-Registrars 504 Pushpavati •• 4, 6, 9 Regulated Markets- Shivganga 6, 9 Baramati 348 Vel,". •• 6,1 Bhor 349 Roads , . . • • 383-94 Ghodnadi 849 Ambegaon taluka 385 Junnar. •• 849-50 Baramati taluka 386 Khed 350 Bhor taluka 386 Mancbar 350 Dhond taluka 386 Nira 350 Haveli taluka 386 Religion •• •• 11.9-20 Indapur taluka 387 persons living on income from, .. 412 Junnar taluka 385 practices 120 Khed taluka • • 385 Remand Homes, Prona City 489 Local Board Roads.. 385 Remarriage, widow .. 109-10 Maval taluka 386 Rest houses - 395 mileage 384 . chavdis 395 Mulsru taluka • • 386 dharmashalas 395 municipal roads • • 385 Retail shops- Poona City Taluka.. 386 Poona c;ty .. 364-6 Purandar taluka 386 Poona Suburban Area 367 road development 383 Retail trade " .• .. 363-74 Sirur taluka . 385 brass and oopperwares (metal State roads • . • • . 384-85 utensils) 370-1 State Transport (Bee State Trans- .cloth IlJld hosiery 369 . port). . PAGB PAGB Roads-contd. .• Sataooi . 126 vehicles in Poona city 394 Satyanarayana worship 122' Velhe Mahal . 386 School and Home .for the Blind, Road Transport Corporation •• 534-5 Poona . . 558, .604 Robertson, Capt. A.D.,' appointed School of Radio-Physics and Electro- Collector Magistrate and Judge nics, Poona ' 558 for Poooa city • • ' 59 Seasons- Rohida (Vichitragad) fort '680 kharif 173 RiBhl-Panchami • • • • 132 rabi 173 Rubber goods. manufacture of, 283 Seed-drills 223 Rukhaoot ., 108 Seed schemes 238-9 Rural Development Board 443 Seed supply 238-9 Rural wages .. 252-8 Selection of players .137 annual payment of wageS to Serpant worship , . 130 balutedars .• . . 257-8 Servants of India .Society 593, 596, .. 674 annual servants (Baldars) 255 Sesamum .• 201 balutedars 256 Seva Sadan Society 560,600-01,674 casual labour .' • 252-8 Shahaji Bhonsle •• 48,49· daily wages according to nature Shahu-', of pgriCultural operations 2534 Chhatrapati 51 Poona; Supai Baramati, Indap~. Sacred thread 89 Bnd Junnar, conferred on changing of, 131 him .. .. 51,52 Sadashivrao Bhau- Shaikh Sallas' Tombs, Poona 44,674-5 defeats the Nizam •• •• 54 Shakas, influence of (2n<~ century helps his brother Balaji Baji Rao A.D.) ..' 43 to introduce reforms in· civil Shanivarvada, Poona •• 670-2 . administration· 53 Shankarji Narayan recaptures Sade in marriage 108 Sinhagad 51 Safllower 201 Shantipath 84 Sagargote ( Ga;age) 139 Shaahthi .. 84 Sahu: contest with Tarabai • • 51 Shatakarni dynasty .. 43 Saint John's Mission Hospital 593, 602 Shaving the head, ceremony of, 88 Sakaccha ne8ana . . 80 Shops and Establishments Act Salabat Khan • . 47 (1948) .. .. 363 Sales Tax Act (1946) 852· Sheep-breeding Farm, Poona 228, 513, 527 Sales Tax Department 499-503 Sheep Development Officer . . 513 administration • • •. 502-3 Sheep and goats 227-8 Assistant Collector of Sales Tax 503 Shelarvadi .. .• 681 Collector of Sales Tax • . 503 Shepu (see Fennel). legislation, history of, 499-500 Shetphal tanl~. . . 237 Sales Tax Act, 1953, provisions Shinde's Chhatri, Poona 675 of, .... 500 Shidt 139 Sales Tax collections and collec- Shiraval ... 682 tion charges •• 503 Shirur 683 Sales Tax Officers •. 502 Shirshuphal tank 237 Sales Tax Tribunal •• 503 Shivaji- • .. Samaoortana, ceremony of, 91-2 Council adriiinistration, introdu- Sambhaji- tion of, •. . .. 51 beheaded •• 51 headquarters moved to Rajgad heavy exactions from subjects 51 (1648) •. •. 49 Sambhaji Bridge, Poona 638, 670 imprisoned at Agm and escapes 50 Sambhaji Udyana, Poona City 644,670 left by Shahaji at Poona with Sandhya prayers •. . 91 Jijabai • . . . 49 Sangam. Poona 673 Mansubdar under Mughal' Sann 207 Emperor .• •• 49 Sanskar Kendras· •• 578 policy in relation to Aurangzeb 50 Sanskrit Vidya Mandal 556 village communities prosper Santra •• 216 under his rule •. .' • 50 Sapta-padi, rite of, ." 103 Shivaji Bridge, Poona.. 638, 676 Sarvodaya Schemes (Bee Co-opera- Shivaji Tank Garden, Poona 644, 676 tive Department-Sarvodaya). Shivneri .fort • . 46,50, 53, 683 Saroapitriamavaaya ~ • . • 188 Shops in Poona district 852 Saswad " _ 681 Shopkeepers, village .. . . 852-54 Sassoon Hospitals, Poona 673-4 Shraddha, Pitrpaksha .. 133 San, . Maharastrial\ mode 'of Shraddhas, Hindu •. 116-17 wearmg, •. 80 Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Sassoon Hospitals, Poona '. 558, 559-60 Thackersey College for Women 557, 675 Satara Chhattrapati : authority Sickle •• 225 establishment in Pflona • • 52 Sidhha panth • • • • 147 Satara, fall of, (February 1818) •••. 59 Sill( fabrics; weaving of, •• 807-09 INDEX,

PAGE PAGE Silver thread, manufacture of, .. 300-01 Standard of life-contd. Silviculturist 517 salary earners •. 427-8 Simantapujana •• 99-100 very poor (Poona city) .• 419-20 Sinha gad 682 village Patil •• •• 430-1 Aurangzeb reduces it 51 village servants •• 429-30 British capture ( 3rd Mar~h wage ,earners 428 1818) 59 well~to-do (Poona city) 416-7 Shankarji Narayan recaptures .• 51 State assistance­ Sir Parasurambhau College, Agriculture 340-1 Poona 550,666 Industries 341-2 SitaphaZ 217 State Roads 384-5 Smallpox 566 State RQad Transport Corpora- Snakes .. 37-40 tion .• 3\lO-3, 534-5 Snuff, manufacture of, 305, 361-2 amenities for passengers 391 Snuif and tobacco, wholesale trade bUll stands in Poona District 535 in> .. 361-2 departmental heads .. 535 Soap, manufacture of, 283-5 Divisional Controller, Poona 534 Social institutions of Tamilians •. 158 fares •• 391 Social organisation of Sindhi General Manager 534 Hindus ' • • 159 history .. 387 Society for the Preventio~ of Cruelty operations, table relating to, 388-\,) to Animals 594, 607 organization .. 534-5 Sodmuni- 91-2 routes, distance. vehicles and Soils 174-6 , passengers ' :390 alluvial soil (revata or poita) .. 176 staff .\1 392-3 black soil (kali or kaZvat iamin). 174 statistics (Heet strengtb dail~ brown soil (tambvat) 175 mileage covered, nUI~ber of ,minor traps of soils 176 routes, passengers travelled, paddy, soil 175 etc.) , 535 red soil (tambdi iamin) 175 workshops 391-2, 535 soils of Poona 174 Soil Conservation Officer 512 Stationery, retail trade in, 370 Soil Physicist 512 Steam Boilers Department 574 Somavar Peth Garden, Poona 676 Storing .. 221 Someshvar's temple, Poona 676 Students' Health Assockltion 595, 598 Songadya in ta~ha 147 Subsidised medical practitioners 562 Saubhagya vayan.. 132 Sugar, manufacture of, ' . 285 Southern Mahratta Railway Sugarcane 202-4 Company 380 area .. 202 Southern 'Railway 381-2 Vadgaon Research Station 203 Sowing (also sowing time of princi- Sugarcane juice, retail trade in" 371 pal crops) 218-9 Suher, cerem9nial impurity 84 Spade 225 Supe 684 St. Andrew's Church, Poona 669 Superstitions 127-8 St. Anne's Chapel, Poona 669 Suran 211 St. Joseph's Convent, Poona 669 Suraparambi ' .. 138 St. Mary's Church, Poona 669 670 Sweets exchanged •• 135 St. Patrick's Church, Poona Synagogue- ' .. St. Paul's Church, Poona 670 ..--rrS 670 Moledina Road, Poona 676 St. Xavier's Church, Poona Raste Peth, PoM,!! .. 676 Stamp department .. 505 Collector as administrative head. 505 organization 50S Tables- stamp duty, income from Acreage under' different crops in' ( 1949-52) 505 Poona (1881-82 and 1949-50). 181-2 Superintendent of Stamps 505 ',Acreage under different crops in vendors 505 Poona (1949-50) , .. 180 Standard of life •. ..416-31 ,Administrative divisions (prants agricultural la hourers 428-9 , and, talukas, with their area artisan-cum-agriculturists .. 425-6 and population) , . '. 2, 438 farmers, large-scale (Rural area). 421-3 Area, houses and population farmers, small-scale (Rural (1881-1951) • . . . 70 areas) 423-4 ·Area irrigated under various crops merchants .• 426-7 by different sources of irriga­ middle cla~s (Poona city) 417-8 tion (1947-48) 230 near indigent .. 420-21 Bandharas (1948-9) 232-3 non-cultivating lan"dlord (rural recently completed (1948-49). 233 areas) .. .. 424-5 Sereah ""areas u~~er,.(1949-50) • 191 petty manufacturers and artisans. 427 ..... ereals . Others : arEa under, Poona City •. 415-21 ( 1949-50) 192 poor (Poona city)' •• 418-9 Climate- ' . rural areas •• 421-31 barometric pressure 15 iNDEX

PAGE' PAGE Tables-cotltd. Tables-contd. cloudiness in Poona (by Industries-contd. months) 16 value of raw-materials con- rainfall and crops ( acreage sumed .. .. 293 under different crops' in value of output .. . . 293 various talukas) 19 Insurance companies registered in rainfall (by talubs) . 12 Poona .. 334 temperature-air temperature Irrigation, sources of, 231 by months, 14; means of JOint stock banks- •. 328 dry and wet bulb tempera­ assets and liabilities 331 tures, relative humidity, and Land Mortgage Banks, Poona­ vapour pressure by months, loans distributed .. 324 15. working capital .. 324 weather phenomena at Poona Language ( mother-tongue) .. 71 (hequencies) 18 Livestock (1882-3 and 1948-9) •• 227 wind-direction in Poona, 17; cattle (1948-9) .. • . 226 wind force and mean wind prices (1948-9) 229 speed in Poona, 17. products ( 1948-49 ) 229 Civil condition by age periods Money-lenders, amount of lo~~ (all communities) (1911, 1914 advanced by" 319 1951) 70-1 Mutual insumnce companies Condiments and Spices, area registered in Poona .. 335 under, (1947-8) and 1949-50. 204 Oilseeds, area under, (1949-50). 199 Contagious cattle diseases, attacks Oilseeds ( others), area under, and mortality under, 516 (1949-50) . . . . 200 Co-operative societies- Poona ( comprising Poona City agricultural credit 321 and Cantonments of Poona and multi-purpose . . 321 Kirkee): population divided non-agricultural credit 325 according to classes 630 villages covered by, 323 Poona City- Co-operative urban bank$ 326 Municipal Transport: routes Crime statistics . • . . 478 (1950) .. 393 Cultivated and uncultivated areas peths, number of properties in (1949-50) . . . . 177 them and their rateable Diseases (chief), Deaths due to, value 629 (from 1945' to 1949) .. 565 wards: number of .ats, Distribution of cropped areas general and reserved 631 (1949-50) .. .. 179 Population- 70 Drugs and Narcotics, area under, agricultural (1951) .. 171 (1949-50) 201 allied agricultural occupations. 171 Economic survey'- religions (from 1891 to 1951). 72 means of livelihood 167 rural and urban (1881-1951). 169 means of livelihood of talukas (from 1881 to 1951) .. 74 refugees . . . • 168 variation at important places .. 73 means of livelihood of some Primary schools, statistic relating urban areas 166 to, ... .. 540-1 Factories: average number ~f Prohibition: comparative figures persons employed per day 265-7,310 of consumption of liquor and Fairs, statement giving wonna- drugs (1945-6, '1950-51 and tion regarding . . . . 568 1951-52) .. 576 Fibres, area under, (1947-8 and Public administration, persons 1949-50) . . 206 engaged in, . . . . 398 FOTest area (1947-8) .. 178 Public limited companies, liabili- Fruits and vegetables, area under, ties of, . . . . 3S7 (1947-8 and 1949-50) 207,208 Pulses, area under, (1949-50) .• 196 Government irrigation works Pulses ( others), area under, ( 1945-6 ) . . 234 (1949-50) 197 Harvesting time of important Railways: Southern Railway crops . . .. 220-1 (outward traffic) (1949-50) •. 882 Holders (1882-3 and 1947-8) .. 184 Rainfall returns . . . • 172 Holdings in Government ryotwari ,Road mileage (1949-50) .. 384 areas (quinquennial statement, ,Rural population (talukawise) 1947-8), 183 ; (talukawise. (1951) .. .. 170 quinquennial statement, 1947- Sales tax collections ( 1946-51). 508 48), 185-8. Secondary education, statistics Industries- relating to, 542 capital employed in, • . 291 • Soils of Poona .. 174 consumption of fuel lind electri- Sowing or planting time of city .• 293' important crops •. . • 219 labour employed' and their Sugarcane, area under, (1949-50). 202 , . wages and. salaries .,' . 292 , State 'Transport- persons engaged in;' 26~1, 310. ... . Depots and garages 392 xxiv INDEX

PAGE PAGE Tables-contd. Tam Hydro-Electric Co.'s storage J State Transport-contd. tanks .... 68:x operations of Poona Division Technical and Industrial Training i ( March 1950) •. 388-9 Department ,. • • . . 557-58 routes, distance,. vehicles and Board of Technical and Industrial ~ passengers (March 1950) .. 390 . Training 557: Tenancy Act, applications filed . Director 557: and results (1946-9) 252 institutions registered for inspec- Trade- . tion •. 558 dealers in Poona city and their Yeravda Industrial School 557 gross turnover for quarter Telegraph Offices 396 ended 31-3-1950 •• 373 Telephones 396 dealers in Poona district and Telvana 106 their gross turnover for Temperature • • 13-14 quarter ended 31-3-1950 .• 353 Temples, eight of Ganapati 121 Exports and imports in Poona Tenancy- .• ..250-52 Municipal Corporation limits Bombay Land Revenue Code (1944-5-1948-9 ) 356 (1879) .. •• 251 Exports and imports in Poona Bombay Tenancy Act (1939) .• 251 municipal corporation limits Bombay Tenancy and Agricul- (1949-50 and 1950-51) &>'"'7 tural Limds Act (1946) •• 251 Fairs 354 protected tenants •• •• 251 Market places 347 regulation by law'.. " 251 Retail prices (15-11-1950) .• 376 systems . • • • 249-50 Shops~in ~oona city, distribu- Tenancy Acts, working of, 252 0; tion wardwise, (1950), Tenancy Act (1939) • . 251 364-6; in Poona district, Tenancy and Agricultural Lands 352 ; in Poona Suburban Act (1946) 251 area (1950), 367 ; registered Tenures- •• 248-50 .'under the Bombay Shops inam •• 249-50 and Establishments Act rayatwari •• 248-9 ( 1950-51 ), 363. Textiles, manufacture of, 286-9 Wholesale establishments Theosophical Lodge, Poona 676 , (1937-38) 359 Theur· •• 685 Wholesale markets 351 Threshing 221 Wholeale prices in Poona city Tikona fort . • • • 686 (15.:r1-1950) . . 375 Til (see Sesamum). Transport and Communications, Tilak College of Education, Poona. 551 persons engaged in, (1881 and Tilak Maharashtra Vidya- 1951) .. .. 379 Peeth 543, 556,594 Village artisans, rates of payment Tilak Smarak Mandir, Poona 662 to, (1948-9) 257-8 T ilgula . 135 Wages- Timber, wholesale ~de in, 362-3 agricultural operations ( 1948- Tinsmiths 413 9) 254 Tipri 144 casual labour according to the Tithis 128 type of labour (1948-9) ., 253 Tobacco 202 saldars ( annual servants ) retail trade in, 369 ( 1948-9) 255-6 Syrian: tobacco, .duction of, 202 wells (talukawise, 1948-9) 231 Tomato 213 Tag (Sann) 207 Tondli 212 Tailors •• 412-13 Top-dressing 220 Taka (embossed images) 120 Toma (Prachandgad) fort 686 Talathi, duties of, 452 Toss-up, method of choosing Talegaon-Dabhade .• 684 players - 137 Talegaon General Hospital 594, 603 Town Planning ~d Valuati~~ Talukas 2 Department- 587-8 146-7 Arbitrator • • • • 587 Tamasha Consulting Surveyor to Govern- Tambakhu (see Tobacco): ment •• •• 587 Tambda-bhop/a 212 214 Senior Assistant to Qmsulting Tandul;a •• Surveyor • • 587 Tanks (see Lakes and Irrigation Trade .• 383-77 Tanks). 306 Bombay Agricultural Produce Tanneries Markets Act (1939) 348 'Tanning •. 306 51 Bombay Cotton Markets Act Tarabai: contest with Sahu .. (1927) 348 Tarachand Ramnath Ayurvedic course- of, 343 Hospital, Poona • . 594. 603, 676 exports 344-3 Tarats, Maharashtra divided into 354-5 four 44 fairs Tar1wkcli 212 hawkers •• /374-3 INDEX

PAC. PAGB Trad&-conld. Vedashastroltejak Sabhs, Poona •• 543 imports 843-4 Vedishri (king of Daskshinapatha). ,42 market places 847-8 Vegetable oils, manufacture of, •• 290 pedlars •• 355 'Vegetables-, •• ..209-14 persons engaged in, 843 abal or kharsambli •• • • 213 prices current on 15-11-1950 375-6 amaranth, eatable, (tanclulfa) 214, Poona City- Bladder-dock (chuka) 214 Exports 356, 357, 358 Brinjal (oangt or balngan) 212 Imports • • 356, 357, 358 Caladium- Regulated markets •• 348-51 arrow-leaved (ratal,") 210 retail trade • • • . 363-74 green-leaved (alu) .. 209 trade associations •• 376-7 Carrot (gaiar) •. .,209-10 trade centres •• 345-6 Chandan batoa .. 214 village shopkeepers.. •• 352-4 Chaoli ' .. 214 volume ~f trade, Poona city • ~ 356-8 Cress, common (alol) 214 wholesale trade • • • • 359-63 Cucumber, common (khir/J or Trade BUd finance, growth of, •• 164-5 khira kakdi) • • • • 212 Trade associations- •• •• 376-7 Cucumber, sharp cornered Mahratta Chamber of Commerce (dodka) 211 and Industries • • .., 377 Dhenclshi 211 Trade cen~ • • ' • •• 345-6 European 213 Transport Bnd Communications- •. 379-96 Gaoari 213 civil aviation (aee Civil Avia- Gheoada 213 tion). Ghosale 211 persons engaged in, 379 Gourd, long white (dudh- posts •• 396 bhopla) .. 211 radio and wireless •• 395-6 Gourd, snake (padwal) IIi railw:lYs •• 379-82 Kangar 210 rest houses •• 395 Karanda 210 roads ( l16e Roads)"- Karle 211 telegraphs • • • 396 Kartoli ,', 211 telephones 896 Kohala .; 212 water transport (168 Water Lady's finger (bhencli) 213 Transport). Math ., 214 Tnp"n-pumima •• 135 Melon (kharbuf) " 211 Tuberculosis Hospital, Aundh 561 Melon. water (kalingad) 211 Tughluq, Muharninad 44 Methi ., 214 Tulashi Bag, l'oonB 676 Mint (pudina) . , 214 Tung 686 Mustard (mohori or rai) 214 Tur 199 Onion (kanda) •• 210 • Turban, makers of. 414 Pamar 212 Turmeric 205 Pok~ ., 214 Potato (batata) • , 209 Udid (8ee Black gram). Potato. sweet (ratalu) 210 Umaji Naik. a rebel leader 62 Pumpkin, Banaras (kashi- Unearned income, persons Uvfug bhopla or kashi-phal) •• 211 on" .. 412 Pu~pkin, red (tambda-bhopla). 21! University buildings, Poona 676 Radish, (mula) • , '. , 210 Upanayana- •• 87 Raigira 214 reformed form of, •• •• 92-3 Retail trade in, 370 Urbanization •. 165-6, 434-5 Surafl 211 U, (l6e Sugarcane). Tarkakdi •• 212 Tomato (vel--oangi) 213 Vag in Tamaaha 147 TOlldli .. 212 Vagha-Bakan 138 Valuk .. .. 212 Vaghoba •• .. 126 Yam, common (Kofl or goradu). 210 Vagnischaya (betrothal) , .. 98,99 Vegetables and fruits, wholesale Vaiwc Sanshodhan MandaI 543,556 b'ade in, •. 361 Val 199 Vehicles in Pooua city 394 Valchandnagar 686 Vel-vangi '.. 213 Valuk 212 Vetala •..• 126 Vamana Dvada.ri 133 Veterinary Department- •• 515-16 Vane Mahotsaoa 520 Artificial Insemination Officer •. 516 Vangi .• 212 Contagious cattle diseases Varadhaoa 100,106 ( 1949-50), attacks and morta- Varaprasthana 100,101 lity under, . . . . 516 Varat 109 Director of Veterinary Services.. 515-6 Vorl •• 195 Disease Investigation Officer .. 516 Varkan cult •• 124-125 Divisional Veterinary Officer, Varnishes, manufacture of, 280 Poona .• •. 515 Vatana (see Pea). Grants to and by local bodies for Vata-pumlma 130 Veterinary dispensaries • • 515 A Bk Vf 2-53 PAGE PAGE Veterinary Department-contd. Voluntary Social Service Organiza­ officers working in Poona under tions-contd. the Director, 516 Mahila Seva MandaI .. 595, 601 organization 515 Mahila Vanaprasthashram 595, 601-2 _ slaughter-:l-lOuses, number of Marriage Bureau, Inter-Caste 596, 60S animals 'slaughtered in, 516 Mata-Bal-Sangopan Kendra 594, 591 statistics (number of animals Nagarik Sanghatana Samati 595, 605-6 treated at dispensaries, animals Nagar Vachan Mandir ' 591, 599 slaughtered and of contagious National (Tilak) University 556, 594 cattle diseases) .. . . 516 origin, growth and direction 591-6 Veterinary Assistant Surgeons .. 515 Panjarpol . . 592, ,594, 6Q1 Veterinary dispensaries 228, 515 Probation and After-care Associa- Veterinary dispensary run by the tion 594,606-7 Baramati Municipality 515 Red ' ' Cross SOCiety, Poona Veterinary dispensaries run by Branch 594, 602 Poona District Local Board .. 515 Schooi and Home for the Blind. 604 Vetal' s stone 136 Servants of India Society 593, 596 Vichitragad (Rohida) fort .. 680 Victoria Jubilee Memorial Technical Seva Sadan Society .. 600-01 Society for the Prevention of School, Poona 558 Cruelty to Animals 594, 601 'Vijayanagar, Ram Raja of, 47 St. John's Mission Hospital. 593, 602 Village aid centres (medical) 562 Village -defence parties 480-1 Students' Health Association 595, 59S Village Industries Department (see Talegaon General Hospital 594, 60S under Industrial Co-operatives Tarachand Ramnath Ayurvedic and ' Village Industries). Hospital . . 594, 603 ~ . Village Panchayats­ -(Nowrosjee), constitution 463 Wadia College ' control by Collector, District PoOna 665 Local Board and State Govern­ Water lifts 223-4 ment 467 Water transport 394 functions 463-4 Wedlock 106 nyaya panchayats (see Nyaya Weeding 219 panchayats) ' .. 465-7 Weeding hook 225 SpeCial officer for development of Wellesley Bridge, Poona 637, 671 Village Panchayats . . 467 WeIls~ taxation 464 irrigation 231-2 ·Village servants- ' system of irrigation 232 -duties of, 452 Western Ghats: resemblance to ' standard of life of, .. 429-30 Himalayas 32 Village ' shopkeepers .. 352-4 Wheat ( gahu ) 193' Vincent de Paul's Church, Poona " 677 Wholesale markefs 351 Vishrambag Vada, Poona 677 Wholesale trade- , .. 359-63 Vishnu- Mandir, Poona 677 bra~s and copperware 362 Vithooo's temple ' (Nivadungya), establishments in Poona city: Poona 665 distribution 359 , Viti-Dandu 141 grain and groCery 360 Vivaha-homa 103 piecegoods 362 Voluntary Social Service Organiza­ snuff and tobacco 361-2 tions- 591-60S timber 362-3 Adolescents' Welfare Society 595, 606 vegetables and fruits 361 -Anath Balikashram.. 592 Widow-remarriage 109-110 Anath Hindu Mahilashram 594, 601 Wild Animals 24-8 Anath Vidyarthi Griha 593, 597-8 Wireless ( see Radio and Wire- Arogya MandaI, Poona . . 597 less ). Bharat Scouts and Girl Guides 593, 599 Wireless Station, Dighi David Sasson Infirm Asylum 492, 604-5 678 , Deccan Agricultural Associa- Women: fast on Rishi Panchami. 132 . _ tion 593, 608 Wood fuel, retail trade in, 369 Depressed Classes ' Mission Wool, weaving of, .. 309-10 Socier}, 593, 597 Workmen's Compensation, Com- Dumb and Deaf Uplift missioner of, 573 SOCiety 594, 604 Witnesses in niarriage 156 Famine Relief Committee .. 607-8 .Worship of- Hingne Stree Shikshan Sanstha 599-600 account books 134 Inter-caste Marrriage Bureau, Durga 133 Shivajinagar . . 596, 608 Ganesha 121 Jati Nirmula Sanstha 595 Images 121 King Edward Memorial Hospi- instruments of trad~ . 134 tal . . 593, 602-3 Khandoba 135 Maharashtriya Mandal 595, 598-9 Laksmi 1:34 INDEX xxvii

PAGE PAGE Worship of -contd. Yam, common 210 Mahalaksmi 142 Yamadvitiya • • • • 135 Panchvi and Sasthi .• 84 Yavanas, inHuence of, (2nd century Satyanarayana 122 A.D.) .. •• 4S serpants - 130 Yerawada Central Prison 481 482-5 Varona 97-8 Yerawada Industrial School '557 weapons 134 Yusuf Adil Khan- 46 Wrestling 145 Zain-ud-din (Chakan) 45,46 yadav dynasty at Devgiri ( 1294 Zartk • 15,( A.D.) 43 .'

BOMBA1c": PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS. ERRATA

Page mconect . Correct 60 5 af of . 69 25 1931 1941 79 30 more less more or less 80 23 lunga4e luga4e 82 7 candre-surya candra-surya 83 21 eight eighth 110 30 state stage III 1 or of 121 10 daity deity 133 1 eigth eighth 133 18 enought enough. 145 42 knee-beat knee-bent 145 49 dislocation facture .• dislocation, fracture 152 10 dofestic domestic 165 45 respresents represents 192 first line be- bojri ba;ri low the table No. 16. 216 4 progsgatt:d propagated 246 26 aphids aphides 251 47 landlord61 landholder 297 footnote 3 p.414 p. 410 825 22 19 61 348 24 aflricultural agricultural 352 last line shop :- shops :- 358 39 For the portion "among them. In the year 1951, the largest imports" substitute the following:- "were food stuffs and cattle feed followed by building ". 377 12 Maharatta Mahratta 387 23 has owners bus owners 391 42 puite quite 403 45 1668 1660 415 12 decriptive descriptive 418 47 balanced unbalanced 420 53 to the avoided to be avoided 423 54 milking animal milch animal 431 12 evining evincing 434 36 enterprize enterprise 447 29 order •• orders 460 33 duaies duties 469 6 is are 470 21 aganst against 477 7 konwledge knowledge 485 45 mouth month 498 footnote non-agricultured non-agricultural 507 30-31 tax has to paid tax has to be paid 510 21 graps-vine grape-vine 515 46 member number 540 34-36 For lines 34-36, substitute the following :- 325 23 Schools aided by­ Government 3 District Local Board 468 Municipalities 85 A Bk VI 2-54 [P.T.D. Page Line Incorrect Conoect 563 34 compliation compilation 590 5 has have ... 590 18 gaudiaHsbip guardianship 591 21 foutum' fortune 624 11 U-shal'ped U-shaped 627 36 residental residential 635 22, Niivi Navi . 643 12 groviation gravitation 668 8and9 p.646 p. 644 670 16 p.64O p.638 672 39 Kadaki Khadaki 676 3· p.640 p.638 676 Sand6 p.646 p.644