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Home , Enoplea, Oxyurida

Classification of Parasites BLY 459 Final Exam Lab (December 7, 2011)

The only taxa and common names for which you will be held responsible are in bold type. If a taxon is not in bold type, you will not be held responsible for it on the lab exam. Terms (other than taxonomic ones in bold type) that may be asked are also listed. Material in lab handouts (especially proper nomenclature), lab display sheets, as well as material presented in lecture. Questions about vectors and locations within hosts may be asked. Be able to recognize healthy from infected tissue. Photos from the Parasite Atlas may also appear on the exam.

Phylum Platyhelminthes () Turbellaria Dugesia (=Planaria ) Free-living, know anatomy Bdelloura candida horseshoe crab gills Class Monogenea Gyrodactylus gills of freshwater fish Neobenedenis gills of freshwater fish Erpocotyle ASharksucker @ on shark fins/skin Dermophthirius shark skin

Class (= Flukes ) Subclass Digenea Life-cycle stages: Recognize miracidium, sporocyst, redia, cercaria , metacercaria, adults & anatomy, model ?? Hirudinella ventricosa wahoo stomach Order Strigeiformes Family Schistosomatidae adults, male & female, granuloma in liver, ova, cercariae, adults in mesenteric veins, Order Echinostomatiformes Family Fasciolidae sheep & human liver, liver fluke , Order Plagiorchiformes Family Dicrocoeliidae Dicrocoelium & Eurytrema Cure for All Diseases by Hulda Clark lung fluke, crustaceans are vectors Order Opisthorchiformes Family Opisthorcidae Clonorchis (= Opisthorchis ) sinensus Chinese liver fluke model

1 Class Cestoidea Subclass Eucestoda (= tapeworms) anatomy, model, stages of life-cycle Order Proteocephalata Proteocephalus Order teleost fishes Family Diphyllobothriidae latum fish tapeworm, Order Family Dilepididae Dipylidium caninum dog tapeworm, Family Taeniidae pork tapeworm , human, model, ova (= Taeniarhynchus saginatus) beef tapeworm , model Echinococcus

Phylum (= Thorny-headed worms ) Recognize structures & life-cycle stages ova, Class Archiacanthocephala Family Oligacanthorhynchidae Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus pigs, X-section, scarab beetles are intermediate hosts Family Rhadinorhynchidae Leptorhynchoides in blue gill fish from the Causeway Family Neoechinorhynchidae, longitudinal section Neoechinorhynchus

Phylum Nematoda Structures & life-cycle stages, Class Enoplea (= Adenophorea; = Aphasmidia) Order Trichurida Family spiralis , Family trichiura human whipworm Class Rhabditea (= Secernentia, = Phasmidia) Order (RHABDO = rod, stick) Strongyloides stercoralis , humans, dogs; rhabdiform & filariform larvae Order (STRONGYLOS = round) Family Ancylostomidea (ANCYLO = hooked; STOMA = mouth) hookworms ; male & female human; A. caninum dogs, , human;

2 Phylum Nematoda (continued) Order (ASCARIS = worm) dissection Family Toxocaridae dogs Family Ascaridae human, dissection Order Oxyurida (OXY = sharp) Enterobius vermicularis human , appendix, ova, Order ; microfilariae Superfamily Filaroidea (FILUM = thread) ( Filarial worms ) Family Onchocercidae elephantiasis riverblindness Dirofilaria immitis dog heartworm , mosquito vector Family Dracunculidae, copepod vector

NOTE: THE FOLLOWING MATERIAL WAS PRESENTED AFTER THE FIRST LAB TEST

Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea Class Copepoda Family Lernaeopodidae fresh-water fish; bulla Salmonicola Order ?? Head buried in fish flesh Photo, attached to shark eye Class Branchiura Argulus fish lice Class Cirripedia barnacles Order Thoracica Family Coronulidae whale barnacles Family Poecilasmatidae Octolasmis on gills of blue crabs

Order Rhizocephala Family Sacculinidae crab parasites, feminization of males, parasitic castrators Loxothylacus texanus blue crabs Loxothylacus . panopaei mud crabs Heterosaccus californicus kelp crabs; morphology of male and female crabs Class Malacostraca Order Amphipoda Family Cyamidae whale lice

3 Phylum Arthropoda (continued) Order Isopoda Suborder Flabellifera Family Cymothoidae , fish gills Sharksucker on shark dorsal fin Suborder Epicaridea Family Bopyridae crab and shrimp gills Order Decapoda Family Pinnotheridae pea crabs in oysters, mussels, and worm tubes

Subphylum Uniramia Class Insecta Order Anoplura sucking lice Family Pediculidae Pediculus humanus humanus (= P. humanus corpus ) body louse Pediculus humanus capitis head louse , egg on hair Family Pthiridae Phthirus pubis crab louse Order Hemiptera bugs Family Reduviidae Rhodnius , the assassin or kissing bug ; Chaga's disease Family Cimicidae bedbugs Cimex lectularis Order Siphonaptera fleas , Pulex irritans Order Diptera flies; halteres Family Culicidae mosquitoes; male & female, Anopheles malaria vector, feeding position Culex - filarial worms Family Muscidae Glossina sleeping sickness vector Family Oestridae skin bot flies, warble flies, myiasis Cuterebra emasculator forms bots or "wolves" on squirrels and cats Gasterophilus intestinalis Larvae in stomach of horses & cattle, egg on hair Hypoderma bovis larvae in skin of cattle Horse bot fly egg on hair Family Tachinidae parasitoid, pupate inside host, in lubber grasshoppers Order Hymenoptera wasps, parasitoids Family Braconidae tomato horn worm, pupate outside host, small Family Chalcidae pupate inside pupae of insect hosts, small, numerous Family Ichneumonidae pupate inside host, large

4 Phylum Arthropoda (continued)

Subphylum Chelicerata chelicera Class Arachnida , Subclass Acari , ticks & mites Family Ixodidae ( hard ticks ) Ixodes dammini lyme disease vector, adult, nymph Family Argasidae ( soft ticks ) Family Trombiculidae Chigger mite , AAAred bugs @@@, 6-legged larvae, human skin Family Sarcoptidae Sarcoptes Scabies mite , Adult female tunnels through human skin Family Demodicidae Demodex human follicle mite ; members of this genus (diff. species) also cause dog mange Family ? Dermatophagoides dust mite , house dust allergy Family Varroidae Varroa bee mite

Phylum Euglenozoa Subphylum Kinetoplasta (KINETO = movement) Class Trypanosomatidea Order Trypanosomatida (Responsible for names of forms, i.e . amastigote Family Trypanosomatidae Leaf-like, sometimes rounded Section Stercoria fecal transmission Trypanosoma cruzi Chaga's disease; vector is the assassin or kissing bug Rhodnius of the family Reduviidae; amastigotes in heart, trypomastigotes in blood. Trypanosoma lewisi rat, grown in culture to show dividing stages Section Salivaria hypodermal transmission Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness; vector is the tsetse fly, Glossina Section Suprapylaria Leishmania tropica Oriental sores in human skin, dog reservoir host

5 Phylum Retortamonada Class Diplomonadea (DIPLO = double) Order Diplomonadida 1 or 2 karymastigonts; 1-4 flagella typically one directed back over body; organelles forming cell axis; mitochondria extremely reduced Giardia intestinalis (= G. lamblia ) trophozoite, cyst

Phylum Sarcodina ( Amebas ) Pseudopoda Class Lobosea Order Amoebida Family Endamoebidae nucleus, endosome, chromatin, vacuoles, pseudopod Entamoeba histolytica , trophozoites and cysts (4 nuclei), healthy & damaged intestinal examples Taxonomic rank uncertain Family Vahlkamphidae Naegleria fowleri Infect meninges & brain of humans; water is vector

Phylum Ciliophora ; macro- & micronucleus conjugation Class Litostomatea Order Vestibuliferida Digestive tract of Balantidium coli cysts& trophozoites in humans Order Entodiniomorphida Family Ophryoscolecidae Entodinium in cattle & sheep intestine

Taxonomic rank uncertain: Myxozoa Polar bodies or polar capsules with polar filaments Family Myxobolidae Myxosoma pansporoblast on fish gills

Kingdom Plantae Dodder , haustoria Indian pipe

Phylum - Ribbon worms Carcinonemertes egg predator

Phylum - horsehair worms in

Phylum Annelida Class Hirudinea – leeches

6 Phylum Class Bivalvia Family Unionidae glochidia larvae of freshwater mussels parasitize gills of freshwater fish

Phylum Class Anthozoa - sea anemones Edwardsia (undescribed species) juveniles feed on ovaries in medusae of moon jellyfish in GOM.

Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Osteichthyes Family Trichomycteridae Amazon catfish, candiru , micro-predator feeds on blood from fish gills, occasionally lodges in urethra of mammals

Phylum Apicomplexa Class Gregarinea Mature gamonts large & extracellular, gametes similar (= isogamous), parasites of & lower Order Eugregarinorida suborder Septatina , cephaline gregarines Pyxinia crystalligera mealworms epimerite, protomerite, deutomerite, nucleus

Class Coccidea Gametes dissimilar (anisogamous); intracellular parasites of vertebrates. Order Eimeriida Family Sarcocystidae bradyzoites, tachyzoites Toxoplasma gondii , invades many organs such as brain & lungs Order Haemosporida Family Plasmodiidae, Oocysts in Anopheles Recognize uninfected white blood cells. Erythrocytic cycle: gametocyte, schizont, merozoite [= ring stage]; sickle cell, sequestration in infected placental & brain capillaries, hemozoin in liver, Exo-erythrocytic cycle. Plasmodium falciparum human blood parasite Plasmodium vivax human blood parasite

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