Epidemiology of Angiostrongylus Cantonensis and Eosinophilic Meningitis
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The Functional Parasitic Worm Secretome: Mapping the Place of Onchocerca Volvulus Excretory Secretory Products
pathogens Review The Functional Parasitic Worm Secretome: Mapping the Place of Onchocerca volvulus Excretory Secretory Products Luc Vanhamme 1,*, Jacob Souopgui 1 , Stephen Ghogomu 2 and Ferdinand Ngale Njume 1,2 1 Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium; [email protected] (J.S.); [email protected] (F.N.N.) 2 Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea P.O Box 63, Cameroon; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 October 2020; Accepted: 18 November 2020; Published: 23 November 2020 Abstract: Nematodes constitute a very successful phylum, especially in terms of parasitism. Inside their mammalian hosts, parasitic nematodes mainly dwell in the digestive tract (geohelminths) or in the vascular system (filariae). One of their main characteristics is their long sojourn inside the body where they are accessible to the immune system. Several strategies are used by parasites in order to counteract the immune attacks. One of them is the expression of molecules interfering with the function of the immune system. Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) pertain to this category. This is, however, not their only biological function, as they seem also involved in other mechanisms such as pathogenicity or parasitic cycle (molting, for example). Wewill mainly focus on filariae ESPs with an emphasis on data available regarding Onchocerca volvulus, but we will also refer to a few relevant/illustrative examples related to other worm categories when necessary (geohelminth nematodes, trematodes or cestodes). -
Baylisascariasis
Baylisascariasis Importance Baylisascaris procyonis, an intestinal nematode of raccoons, can cause severe neurological and ocular signs when its larvae migrate in humans, other mammals and birds. Although clinical cases seem to be rare in people, most reported cases have been Last Updated: December 2013 serious and difficult to treat. Severe disease has also been reported in other mammals and birds. Other species of Baylisascaris, particularly B. melis of European badgers and B. columnaris of skunks, can also cause neural and ocular larva migrans in animals, and are potential human pathogens. Etiology Baylisascariasis is caused by intestinal nematodes (family Ascarididae) in the genus Baylisascaris. The three most pathogenic species are Baylisascaris procyonis, B. melis and B. columnaris. The larvae of these three species can cause extensive damage in intermediate/paratenic hosts: they migrate extensively, continue to grow considerably within these hosts, and sometimes invade the CNS or the eye. Their larvae are very similar in appearance, which can make it very difficult to identify the causative agent in some clinical cases. Other species of Baylisascaris including B. transfuga, B. devos, B. schroeder and B. tasmaniensis may also cause larva migrans. In general, the latter organisms are smaller and tend to invade the muscles, intestines and mesentery; however, B. transfuga has been shown to cause ocular and neural larva migrans in some animals. Species Affected Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are usually the definitive hosts for B. procyonis. Other species known to serve as definitive hosts include dogs (which can be both definitive and intermediate hosts) and kinkajous. Coatimundis and ringtails, which are closely related to kinkajous, might also be able to harbor B. -
Combination Anthelmintic Treatment for Persistent Ancylostoma Caninum Ova Shedding in Greyhounds
CASE SERIES Combination Anthelmintic Treatment for Persistent Ancylostoma caninum Ova Shedding in Greyhounds Lindie B. Hess, BS, Laurie M. Millward, DVM, Adam Rudinsky DVM, Emily Vincent, BS, Antoinette Marsh, PhD ABSTRACT Ancylostoma caninum is a nematode of the canine gastrointestinal tract commonly referred to as hookworm. This study involved eight privately owned adult greyhounds presenting with persistent A. caninum ova shedding despite previous deworming treatments. The dogs received a combination treatment protocol comprising topical moxidectin, followed by pyrantel/febantel/praziquantel within 24 hr. At 7–10 days posttreatment, a fecal examination monitored for parasite ova. Dogs remained on the monthly combination treatment protocol until they ceased shedding detectable ova. The dogs then received only the monthly topical moxidectin maintenance treatment. The dogs remained in the study for 5–14 mo with periodical fecal examinations performed. During the study, three dogs reverted to positive fecal ova status, with two being associated with client noncompliance. Reinstitution of the combination treatment protocol resulted in no detectable ova. Use of monthly doses of combination pyrantel, febantel and moxidectin appears to be an effective treatment for nonresponsive or persistent A. caninum ova shedding. Follow-up fecal examinations were important for verifying the presence or absence of ova shedding despite the use of anthelmintic treatment. Limitations of the current study include small sample size, inclusion of only privately owned greyhounds, and client compliance with fecal collection and animal care. (JAmAnimHospAssoc2019; 55:---–---. DOI 10.5326/ JAAHA-MS-6904) Introduction include the following: moxidectina,b, milbemycin oximec, fenben- Ancylostoma caninum is a nematode of the canine gastrointestinal dazoled, and/or pyrantel-containing productse,f. -
Gastrointestinal Helminthic Parasites of Habituated Wild Chimpanzees
Aus dem Institut für Parasitologie und Tropenveterinärmedizin des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Gastrointestinal helminthic parasites of habituated wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in the Taï NP, Côte d’Ivoire − including characterization of cultured helminth developmental stages using genetic markers Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Veterinärmedizin an der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Sonja Metzger Tierärztin aus München Berlin 2014 Journal-Nr.: 3727 Gedruckt mit Genehmigung des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin Dekan: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Jürgen Zentek Erster Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna Zweiter Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Heribert Hofer Dritter Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Achim Gruber Deskriptoren (nach CAB-Thesaurus): chimpanzees, helminths, host parasite relationships, fecal examination, characterization, developmental stages, ribosomal RNA, mitochondrial DNA Tag der Promotion: 10.06.2015 Contents I INTRODUCTION ---------------------------------------------------- 1- 4 I.1 Background 1- 3 I.2 Study objectives 4 II LITERATURE OVERVIEW --------------------------------------- 5- 37 II.1 Taï National Park 5- 7 II.1.1 Location and climate 5- 6 II.1.2 Vegetation and fauna 6 II.1.3 Human pressure and impact on the park 7 II.2 Chimpanzees 7- 12 II.2.1 Status 7 II.2.2 Group sizes and composition 7- 9 II.2.3 Territories and ranging behavior 9 II.2.4 Diet and hunting behavior 9- 10 II.2.5 Contact with humans 10 II.2.6 -
CDC Overseas Parasite Guidelines
Guidelines for Overseas Presumptive Treatment of Strongyloidiasis, Schistosomiasis, and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections for Refugees Resettling to the United States U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Division of Global Migration and Quarantine February 6, 2019 Accessible version: https://www.cdc.gov/immigrantrefugeehealth/guidelines/overseas/intestinal- parasites-overseas.html 1 Guidelines for Overseas Presumptive Treatment of Strongyloidiasis, Schistosomiasis, and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections for Refugees Resettling to the United States UPDATES--the following are content updates from the previous version of the overseas guidance, which was posted in 2008 • Latin American and Caribbean refugees are now included, in addition to Asian, Middle Eastern, and African refugees. • Recommendations for management of Strongyloides in refugees from Loa loa endemic areas emphasize a screen-and-treat approach and de-emphasize a presumptive high-dose albendazole approach. • Presumptive use of albendazole during any trimester of pregnancy is no longer recommended. • Links to a new table for the Treatment Schedules for Presumptive Parasitic Infections for U.S.-Bound Refugees, administered by IOM. Contents • Summary of Recommendations • Background • Recommendations for overseas presumptive treatment of intestinal parasites o Refugees originating from the Middle East, Asia, North Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean o Refugees -
Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae)
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations and Theses in Biological Sciences Biological Sciences, School of 5-2009 Taxonomic Revision of Species of the Genus Monoecocestus (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) Terry R. Haverkost University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscidiss Part of the Parasitology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Haverkost, Terry R., "Taxonomic Revision of Species of the Genus Monoecocestus (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae)" (2009). Dissertations and Theses in Biological Sciences. 56. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscidiss/56 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences, School of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses in Biological Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF SPECIES OF THE GENUS MONOECOCESTUS (CESTODA: ANOPLOCEPHALIDAE) By Terry R. Haverkost A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: Biological Sciences Under the Supervision of Professor Scott L. Gardner Lincoln, Nebraska May, 2009 TAXONOMIC REVISION OF SPECIES OF THE GENUS MONOECOCESTUS (CESTODA: ANOPLOCEPHALIDAE) Terry R. Haverkost University of Nebraska, 2009 Advisor: Scott L. Gardner My dissertation research is an important contribution to the taxonomy of anoplocephalid cestodes. Almost all research conducted for these chapters was done by staining, mounting, and measuring anoplocephalid cestodes from the Bolivian Biodiversity Survey conducted in Bolivia from 1984-2000. These specimens were collected and processed in the field and deposited in the Harold W. -
Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 51(2) 1984
Volume 51 July 1984 PROCEEDINGS ^ of of Washington '- f, V-i -: ;fx A semiannual journal of research devoted to Helminthohgy and all branches of Parasitology Supported in part by the -•>"""- v, H. Ransom Memorial 'Tryst Fund : CONTENTS -j<:'.:,! •</••• VV V,:'I,,--.. Y~v MEASURES, LENA N., AND Roy C. ANDERSON. Hybridization of Obeliscoides cuniculi r\ XGraybill, 1923) Graybill, ,1924 jand Obeliscoides,cuniculi multistriatus Measures and Anderson, 1983 .........:....... .., :....„......!"......... _ x. iXJ-v- 179 YATES, JON A., AND ROBERT C. LOWRIE, JR. Development of Yatesia hydrochoerus "•! (Nematoda: Filarioidea) to the Infective Stage in-Ixqdid Ticks r... 187 HUIZINGA, HARRY W., AND WILLARD O. GRANATH, JR. -Seasonal ^prevalence of. Chandlerellaquiscali (Onehocercidae: Filarioidea) in Braih, of the Common Grackle " '~. (Quiscdlus quisculd versicolor) '.'.. ;:,„..;.......„.;....• :..: „'.:„.'.J_^.4-~-~-~-<-.ii -, **-. 191 ^PLATT, THOMAS R. Evolution of the Elaphostrongylinae (Nematoda: Metastrongy- X. lojdfea: Protostrongylidae) Parasites of Cervids,(Mammalia) ...,., v.. 196 PLATT, THOMAS R., AND W. JM. SAMUEL. Modex of Entry of First-Stage Larvae ofr _^ ^ Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei^Nematoda: vMefastrongyloidea) into Four Species of Terrestrial Gastropods .....:;.. ....^:...... ./:... .; _.... ..,.....;. .-: 205 THRELFALL, WILLIAM, AND JUAN CARVAJAL. Heliconema pjammobatidus sp. n. (Nematoda: Physalbpteridae) from a Skate,> Psammobatis lima (Chondrichthyes: ; ''•• \^ Rajidae), Taken in Chile _... .„ ;,.....„.......„..,.......;. ,...^.J::...^..,....:.....~L.:....., -
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis: a Review of Its Distribution, Molecular Biology and Clinical Significance As a Human
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303551798 Angiostrongylus cantonensis: A review of its distribution, molecular biology and clinical significance as a human... Article in Parasitology · May 2016 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182016000652 CITATIONS READS 4 360 10 authors, including: Indy Sandaradura Richard Malik Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiolo… University of Sydney 10 PUBLICATIONS 27 CITATIONS 522 PUBLICATIONS 6,546 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Derek Spielman Rogan Lee University of Sydney The New South Wales Department of Health 34 PUBLICATIONS 892 CITATIONS 60 PUBLICATIONS 669 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Create new project "The protective rate of the feline immunodeficiency virus vaccine: An Australian field study" View project Comparison of three feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) point-of-care antigen test kits using blood and saliva View project All content following this page was uploaded by Indy Sandaradura on 30 May 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. 1 Angiostrongylus cantonensis: a review of its distribution, molecular biology and clinical significance as a human pathogen JOEL BARRATT1,2*†, DOUGLAS CHAN1,2,3†, INDY SANDARADURA3,4, RICHARD MALIK5, DEREK SPIELMAN6,ROGANLEE7, DEBORAH MARRIOTT3, JOHN HARKNESS3, JOHN ELLIS2 and DAMIEN STARK3 1 i3 Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia 2 School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia 3 Department of Microbiology, SydPath, St. -
Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
November - December 2008 633 ECOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND BIONOMICS Wolbachia in Two Populations of Melittobia digitata Dahms (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) CLAUDIA S. COPELAND1, ROBERT W. M ATTHEWS2, JORGE M. GONZÁLEZ 3, MARTIN ALUJA4 AND JOHN SIVINSKI1 1USDA/ARS/CMAVE, 1700 SW 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; [email protected], [email protected] 2Dept. Entomology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; [email protected] 3Dept. Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843-2475, USA; [email protected] 4Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Ap. postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; [email protected] Neotropical Entomology 37(6):633-640 (2008) Wolbachia en Dos Poblaciones de Melittobia digitata Dahms (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) RESUMEN - Se investigaron dos poblaciones de Melittobia digitata Dahms, un parasitoide gregario (principalmente sobre un rango amplio de abejas solitarias, avispas y moscas), en busca de infección por Wolbachia. La primera población, provenía de Xalapa, México, y fue originalmente colectada y criada sobre pupas de la Mosca Mexicana de la Fruta, Anastrepha ludens Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae). La segunda población, originaria de Athens, Georgia, fue colectada y criada sobre prepupas de avispas de barro, Trypoxylon politum Say (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae). Estudios de PCR de la región ITS2 confi rmaron que ambas poblaciones del parasitoide pertenecen a la misma especie; lo que nos provee de un perfi l molecular taxonómico muy útil debído a que las hembras de las diversas especies de Melittobia son superfi cialmente similares. La amplifi cación del gen de superfi cie de proteina (wsp) de Wolbachia confi rmó la presencia de este endosimbionte en ambas poblaciones. -
Rat Lungworm Disease) in Hawaii
Preliminary Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Neuroangiostrongyliasis (Rat Lungworm Disease) in Hawaii Authors: Clinical Subcommittee* of the Hawaii Governor’s Joint Task Force on Rat Lungworm Disease *Members of the Clinical Subcommittee and their affiliations are listed at the end of the document. August 29, 2018 Preliminary Clinical Guidelines: Neuroangiostrongyliasis Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................................................ 2 Key Points............................................................................................................. 3 Life Cycle of Angiostrongylus cantonensis............................................................ 4 Illustrative Case..................................................................................................... 5 Diagnosis of Neuroangiostrongyliasis....................................................................6 Characteristic Symptoms.............................................................................. 6 Signs on Physical Examination..................................................................... 7 Exposure History........................................................................................... 7 The Importance of the Lumbar Puncture...................................................... 8 Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Test for Confirming Cases............. 8 Reporting Neuroangiostrongyliasis to DOH................................................. -
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Letter Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2009;67(4):1093-1096 AlicAtA DiSEASE Neuroinfestation by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil Ana Rosa Melo Correa Lima1, Solange Dornelas Mesquita2, Silvana Sobreira Santos1, Eduardo Raniere Pessoa de Aquino1, Luana da Rocha Samico Rosa3, Fábio Souza Duarte3, Alessandra Oliveira Teixeira1, Zenize Rocha da Silva Costa4, Maria Lúcia Brito Ferreira5 Angiostrongylus cantonensis, is a nematode in the panying the patient reported that she had presented a rash as- Secernentea class, Strongylidae order, Metastrongylidæ sociated with joint pain, followed by progressive difficulty in superfamily and Angiostrongylidæ family1, and is the walking for 30 days, which was associated with sleepiness over most common cause of human eosinophilic meningi- the last 15 days. tis worldwide. This parasite has rats and other mammals In the patient’s past history, there were references to mental as definitive hosts and snails, freshwater shrimp, fish, retardation and lack of ability to understanding simple orders. frogs and monitor lizards as intermediate hosts1. Mam- She presented independent gait and had frequently run away mals are infected by ingestion of intermediate hosts from home into the surrounding area. There was mention of in- and raw/undercooked snails or vegetables, contain- voluntary movements, predominantly of the upper limbs, which ing third-stage larvae2. Once infested, the larvae pen- intensified after the change of health status that motivated the etrate the vasculature of the intestinal tract and pro- current search for medical assistance. In November 2007, the pa- mote an inflammatory reaction with eosinophilia and tient presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizures and was lymphocytosis. This produces rupture of the blood- medicated with carbamazepine, 200 mg/twice a day. -
Rapid Screening for Schistosoma Mansoni in Western Coã Te D'ivoire Using a Simple School Questionnaire J
Rapid screening for Schistosoma mansoni in western Coà te d'Ivoire using a simple school questionnaire J. Utzinger,1 E.K. N'Goran,2 Y.A. Ossey,3 M. Booth,4 M. TraoreÂ,5 K.L. Lohourignon,6 A. Allangba,7 L.A. Ahiba,8 M. Tanner,9 &C.Lengeler10 The distribution of schistosomiasis is focal, so if the resources available for control are to be used most effectively, they need to be directed towards the individuals and/or communities at highest risk of morbidity from schistosomiasis. Rapid and inexpensive ways of doing this are needed, such as simple school questionnaires. The present study used such questionnaires in an area of western Coà te d'Ivoire where Schistosoma mansoni is endemic; correctly completed questionnaires were returned from 121 out of 134 schools (90.3%), with 12 227 children interviewed individually. The presence of S. mansoni was verified by microscopic examination in 60 randomly selected schools, where 5047 schoolchildren provided two consecutive stool samples for Kato±Katz thick smears. For all samples it was found that 54.4% of individuals were infected with S. mansoni. Moreover, individuals infected with S. mansoni reported ``bloody diarrhoea'', ``blood in stools'' and ``schistosomiasis'' significantly more often than uninfected children. At the school level, Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the prevalence of S. mansoni significantly correlated with the prevalence of reported bloody diarrhoea (P = 0.002), reported blood in stools (P = 0.014) and reported schistosomiasis (P = 0.011). Reported bloody diarrhoea and reported blood in stools had the best diagnostic performance (sensitivity: 88.2%, specificity: 57.7%, positive predictive value: 73.2%, negative predictive value: 78.9%).