Analysis of Sugars in Honey
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Field Guide to Common Macrofungi in Eastern Forests and Their Ecosystem Functions
United States Department of Field Guide to Agriculture Common Macrofungi Forest Service in Eastern Forests Northern Research Station and Their Ecosystem General Technical Report NRS-79 Functions Michael E. Ostry Neil A. Anderson Joseph G. O’Brien Cover Photos Front: Morel, Morchella esculenta. Photo by Neil A. Anderson, University of Minnesota. Back: Bear’s Head Tooth, Hericium coralloides. Photo by Michael E. Ostry, U.S. Forest Service. The Authors MICHAEL E. OSTRY, research plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul, MN NEIL A. ANDERSON, professor emeritus, University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul, MN JOSEPH G. O’BRIEN, plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, St. Paul, MN Manuscript received for publication 23 April 2010 Published by: For additional copies: U.S. FOREST SERVICE U.S. Forest Service 11 CAMPUS BLVD SUITE 200 Publications Distribution NEWTOWN SQUARE PA 19073 359 Main Road Delaware, OH 43015-8640 April 2011 Fax: (740)368-0152 Visit our homepage at: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/ CONTENTS Introduction: About this Guide 1 Mushroom Basics 2 Aspen-Birch Ecosystem Mycorrhizal On the ground associated with tree roots Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria 8 Destroying Angel Amanita virosa, A. verna, A. bisporigera 9 The Omnipresent Laccaria Laccaria bicolor 10 Aspen Bolete Leccinum aurantiacum, L. insigne 11 Birch Bolete Leccinum scabrum 12 Saprophytic Litter and Wood Decay On wood Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus populinus (P. ostreatus) 13 Artist’s Conk Ganoderma applanatum -
Florida Blueberry Pollination Factsheet
Florida Blueberry PROJECT ICP Pollination Blueberries Require Pollination Blueberries need to be cross-pollinated with another cultivar of the same species (rabbiteye or southern highbush blueberry) in order to produce fruit. Cross-pollination allows for better fruit set, berry size, and earlier ripening. Most growers bring in managed European honey bee hives or commercial bumble bees for pollination. Several types of wild bees are also effective and abundant pollinators of Florida blueberries. All of these different kinds of bees visit blueberry flowers to collect pollen and nectar to feed their young. Integrated Crop Pollination: combining strategies to improve pollination Having many different species of pollinators can help ensure reliable pollination. Different species of bees tend to visit flowers at different times of the day and are active at different times throughout the bloom season; having a diverse set of bees active in your fields can ensure consistent pollination from the beginning to the end of crop bloom. Honey bee abundance and wild bee diversity are both important contributors to southeastern US blueberry pollination. Cool, rainy, and windy spring weather can lead to poor pollination. When multiple pollinator species are active, more flowers are likely to be visited on poor weather days. Large-bodied bees, including all three types of wild bees that visit Florida blueberry flowers, stay more active under Pollination is essential for blueberry production. On the left, a blueberry cluster that was enclosed in a mesh bag during cool and cloudy conditions than do honey bees and can help bloom to exclude pollinators. On the right, a blueberry cluster pollinate the crop in variable spring weather. -
For Better Heart Health, Avoid These Foods If You Have High Triglycerides Too Many Starchy Foods Some Vegetables Are Better Than Others
For Better Heart Health, Avoid These Foods If You Have High Triglycerides Too Many Starchy Foods Some vegetables are better than others. Limit how much you eat of those that are starchy, like corn and peas. Too much pasta, potatoes, or cereals can raise triglycerides. Eat them in moderation. A serving is a slice of bread, 1/3 cup of rice or pasta, or half a cup of potatoes or cooked oatmeal. Baked Beans with Sugar or Pork Added Beans have fiber and other nutrients going for them. But if they're made with sugar or pork, they may not be the best choice. The label on the can should say what's in there, and how much sugar and fat you're getting. Switch to black beans, which are a great source of fiber and protein, without saturated fats or added sugar. Too Much of a Good Thing Fruit is good for you especially if you are having it in place of a rich dessert. When you have high triglycerides, you may need to limit yourself to 2-3 pieces of fruit a day. Alcohol You may think of alcohol as being good for your heart. But too much of it can drive up your triglyceride levels. That is because of the sugars that are naturally part of alcohol, whether it is wine, beer, or liquor. Too much sugar, from any source, can be a problem. Your doctor may recommend that you not drink at all if your triglyceride levels are very high. Foods with Added Sugar, Sugary Drinks, Honey, Maple Syrup, Candy and Other Desserts Limit sweet tea, regular soda, specialty coffee drinks to no more than 8 ounces per day. -
Natural Sweeteners
Natural Sweeteners Why do we crave sweets? Are there times when you absolutely crave chocolates, candies, or cakes? The average American consumes well over 20 teaspoons of added sugar on a daily basis, which adds up to an average of 142 pounds of sugar per person, per year!1 That’s more than two times what the USDA recommends. Below you will find information on natural sweeteners, all of which are less processed than refined white sugar, and create fewer fluctuations in blood sugar levels. Although these sweeteners are generally safer alternatives to white sugar, they should only be used in moderation. Agave Nectar Agave nectar, or agave syrup, is a natural liquid sweetener made from the juice of the agave cactus. Many diabetics use agave nectar as an alternative to refined sugars and artificial sweeteners because of its relatively low effect on blood glucose levels2. However, agave is high in fructose and has been under much scrutiny due to possible manufacturing processes which are similar to that of high fructose corn syrup. Some research suggests that fructose affects the hormone lepitin, which controls your appetite and satiety. Too much fructose may result in overeating and weight gain, so it’s important to consume agave nectar in reasonable moderation3. Barley Malt Barley malt syrup is a thick, sticky, brown sweetener and is about half as sweet as refined white sugar. It is made from the soaking, sprouting, mashing, cooking and roasting of barley. Many consumers prefer this natural sweetener because it moves through the digestive system slower than other refined sugars4. -
Honey and Maple Syrup Rules, Regulations, and License Requirements
Marketing Local Foods in Iowa Honey and Maple Syrup Rules, Regulations, and License Requirements As new agriculture entrepreneurs consider producing and marketing food products and current producers seek new markets, they need to conduct preliminary research to determine if there are rules, regulations, certifications, or licenses required for their product or selected market. This series of publications will help determine the requirements for licensing and for processing and selling various food products based on business size, sales volume, the level of processing, and market. The flowchart will guide Iowa producers and processors to the appropriate state agencies or departments. Agency and department contact information, as well as additional resources, are on the reverse side of this publication. Do you produce and sell honey • No regulations or maple syrup? NO • No license required YES How do you market your honey or maple syrup? License Maple No license Honey No license No license required required. Syrup required Contact DIA3 required Prepared by Shannon Coleman, assistant Wholesale Direct- Wholesale Direct- professor and extension specialist in indirect to- indirect to- food safety and consumer production; markets1 consumer 2 markets1 consumer 2 Leah M. Gilman, graduate student in the department of food science and human nutrition; and Linda Naeve, extension Are any flavorings or spices added? program specialist, Iowa State University. Reviewed by Julie Kraling, Kurt Rueber, YES and Mark Speltz, Food and Consumer 3 Safety Bureau, Iowa Department of License may be required: Contact DIA Inspections and Appeals. Is a nutrition label required? Refer to FDA website (see reverse side) for nutrition labeling requirements. -
Preparation of Coconut Honey
International Journal of Management, Technology And Engineering ISSN NO : 2249-7455 Preparation of Coconut Honey (Alternative for Sugar) 1 2 3 4 Sandesh Mankar , Aaditya Sarma , Anuradha Lohar , Sushrut Thete , Sahil Gupta5, Sameer Deshmukh6, Prof. Vivek S. Nagnath7 1,2,3,4,5,6,7Department of Engineering, Sciences & Humanities (DESH) Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune (India) ABSTRACT This research aims for the preparation of coconut honey from coconut milk in a natural way without the use of any chemicals as a substitute for ordinary table sugar.[2]The results of the analysis showed coconut milk skim and coconut cream is good to use to be processed into coconut honey oil and is treated as an efficient treatment for the society. Keywords- Delicious, Flavourful, Fresh, Natural, Sweet 1. INTRODUCTION This research aims to study the natural preparation of coconut honey with the help of coconut milk, which is in turn used for alternative for sugar.[1]The process of making the coconut oil, where only a part of the coconut cream is used.This scheme has not been exploited by the Industries is still a valuable part. The coconut milk without the stuff inside (mostly the cream or the paste inside) is skim, which approximately contains about 0.29% fat and 0.36% protein. Pure coconut milk contains a no. of vitamins and some minerals. This alternative proves extremely useful as a substitute for ordinary table sugar as it has a greater glycaemic index than the sugar prepared from coconut honey. This research will help as a better substitute for sugars in various shops so that the public suffering from various heart problems will be able to consume this sugar in an appropriate quantity without getting affected. -
Maximiseyour Blueberry Crop
Maximise your blueberry crop with better pollination THE BASICS OF Most blueberry cultivars grown in Australia are either ‘highbush’ BLUEBERRY (Vaccinium corymbosum) or POLLINATION 1 ‘rabbiteye’ (Vaccinium virgatum) varieties. What Blueberry plants form clusters of bell-shaped flowers, which Rabbiteye blueberries are mostly you n self-infertile, and highly dependent eed contain a central style surrounded by shorter pollen-producing on cross-pollination for adequate anthers (Figure 1). fruit set: pollen moved to the to know stigma must be from plants of a While flower shape varies, the different variety. stigma that receives pollen is • Fruit set in all blueberry usually just at the opening of Highbush varieties are generally varieties is increased by the flower. The pollen-producing less dependent on cross- insects moving pollen between cultivars. anthers are further inside the pollination, but most have improved fruit set with cross- flower and surround the stigma. • Rabbiteye varieties need to pollination. Nectar is produced at the base of be cross-pollinated for fruit to the flower. Some popular highbush varieties set, so pollinators are vital. like ‘Brigitta’ require a high degree • Improved pollination can For fruit to develop, pollen must of cross-pollination. In addition add value by increasing fruit be moved from the anthers to to increasing fruit set, adequate weight and shortening fruit the stigma. Blueberry pollen cross-pollination can increase seed development times. does not readily travel by wind, counts and fruit size, and the speed so pollinators are needed for • Honey bees are essential of berry development. pollinators on many adequate fruit set to occur. -
COCONUT OIL V2
HOW TO USE SUPERFOODS AS MEDICINE Maximize the powers of Turmeric, Coconut Oil, Apple Cider Vinegar, Ginger, Garlic, Raw Honey and Lemon Table of Contents This is the free version. The total content you can access will be limited. To unlock access to specific dosages for each ailment, more home remedies, and recipes, you can upgrade by clicking these banners at anytime. 1. Introduction 2.Coconut Oil 2.1 Introduction 2.2 For Fighting Infection and Boosting Your Immune System 2.3 For Dental Health 2.4 For Your Skin and Hair 2.5 For Memory Impairment and Alzheimer’s 2.6 For Cancer Treatment and Prevention 3. Apple Cider Vinegar 3.1 Introduction 3.2 For Fighting Infection 3.3 For Controlling Weight and Blood Sugar Levels 3.4 For Digestive Health 3.5 For Skin and Hair 4. Turmeric 4.1 Introduction 4.2 For Fighting Cancer 4.3 For Your Skin 4.4 For Balancing Your Blood Sugar 4.5 For Mental Health 4.6 For Pain and Inflammation 5. Ginger 5.1 Introduction 5.2 For Indigestion and Stimulating Your Appetite 5.3 For Joint and Muscle Pain Relief 5.4 For Nausea 5.5 For Mental Health 5.6 For Cancer Treatment and Prevention 6. Garlic 6.1 Introduction 6.2 For Boosting Your Immune System 6.3 For Fighting Candida and Yeast Infections 6.4 For Cardiovascular Health 6.5 For Cancer Treatment and Prevention 7. Raw Honey 7.1 Introduction 7.2 For Skincare and Haircare 7.3 For Healing Wounds 7.4 For Digestive Health 7.5 For Fighting Infections 8. -
The Toxic Impact of Honey Adulteration: a Review
foods Review The Toxic Impact of Honey Adulteration: A Review Rafieh Fakhlaei 1, Jinap Selamat 1,2,*, Alfi Khatib 3,4, Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis 2,5 , Rashidah Sukor 2 , Syahida Ahmad 6 and Arman Amani Babadi 7 1 Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; rafi[email protected] 2 Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] (A.F.A.R.); [email protected] (R.S.) 3 Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; alfi[email protected] 4 Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60155, Indonesia 5 Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia 6 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] 7 School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +6-038-9769-1099 Received: 21 August 2020; Accepted: 11 September 2020; Published: 26 October 2020 Abstract: Honey is characterized as a natural and raw foodstuff that can be consumed not only as a sweetener but also as medicine due to its therapeutic impact on human health. It is prone to adulterants caused by humans that manipulate the quality of honey. Although honey consumption has remarkably increased in the last few years all around the world, the safety of honey is not assessed and monitored regularly. -
Armillaria the Genus Armillaria Armillaria in North Contains About 40 Species of America
2006 No. 3 The many facets of Armillaria The genus Armillaria Armillaria in North contains about 40 species of America. Fortunately, important wood-rot fungi which physical features do are widely distributed across the separate some of the world. Their basic behaviour is species, and the fairly similar, because all the species well documented invade plant roots and cause a geographical ranges of progressive white rot. For this the mushrooms help reason, all these fungi were at one to separate others time grouped into a single species, The classic Armillaria mellea; however, they Honey Mushroom, are now separated based on Armillaria mellea, morphology, physiology, turns out to be pathogenicity, and geographical limited mostly to distribution. eastern North Since so many species of America, so the Armillaria look alike, mycologists Honey Mushrooms we have “mated” Armillaria species in collect and eat in the lab. They grow two species, in Alberta are not a single Petri dish and observe the Armillaria mellea, resulting reaction once the two but one or two other expanding colonies meet in the species of Armillaria. middle of the dish. They discovered that some Honey Morphology Mushrooms would take to one Cap: 3-15 cm, convex another, while others turned up to broadly convex or Photo courtesy: Martin Osis their fungal noses at the idea of plane in age; the margin often pairing up. Thus, using the arched at maturity; dry or tacky; vaguely radially arranged. “biological species concept” (in color extremely variable, but Gills: Attached or slightly basic terms, if they cannot mate, typically honey yellow; smooth, or decurrrent, nearly distant; whitish, they belong to separate species), we with a few tiny, dark scales sometimes bruising or discolouring now define ten species of concentrated near the centre and darker. -
Detailed Report of Selected Non-Wood Forest Product Pine Honey
DETAILED REPORT OF SELECTED NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCT PINE HONEY 31 August 2020, Edited Draft 1 CONTENTS FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................. 4 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................... 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................. 6 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................ 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. 9 1. CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 10 1.1. Beekeping and Honey Production in Turkey ............................................................ 10 1.2. Pine Honey ................................................................................................................ 11 1.3. The giant pine scale-Marchaline hellenica ............................................................... 11 1.4. Muğla Province for Pine Honey Production .............................................................. 16 1.5. Official Statistics in Turkey ....................................................................................... 17 2. CHAPTER II ECONOMİCAL VALUE AND USAGES ................................................................... -
Gathering Birch and Birch Bark
Birch and Birch Bark by John Zasada, USDA Forest Service All species of trees that we most commonly think of as "timber species" have potential commodity values, often referred to as non-timber forest products (NTFP) or special forest products, that are not necessarily related to wood and fiber products. Some of these NTFP values are recognized and commercially important and others are secreted in the history of Native Americans and other people who at one time in their past depended on natural products for their physical and spiritual well-being. Paper birch is one example of a species that was an important part of Native American culture and has considerable potential for NTFP. Before discussing NTFP from birch, we need to consider the potential for multiple products from this tree and from birch forests. The diagram below illustrates the potential product available from a birch stand as it develops through time. Admittedly, this is an idealized view of the potential. However, there are examples of uses of birch for each of the products indicated in the diagram. There has never been a plan to attempt to harvest all of these products from birch trees and stands in the same geographic area. Northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan would provide a good area to test these ideas. The two main products harvested from birch without killing the tree are sap and bark and, to a very minor extent, the roots. The method of collecting birch sap is generally similar to that of maple. Birch sap differs significantly, however, from maple in that it has simple sugars (glucose and fructose) rather than the more complex sugars of maple (sucrose).