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View of Silvestre Who Thought That Rupert Deliberately Concealed His Sources and References in Order to Confuse His Adversaries (Van Engen

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DOCTORAL DISSERTATION INTERNATIONAL MARIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON PONTIFICIAL THEOLOGICAL FACULTY "MARIANUM", ROME PETER GITTENS MAGISTRA APOSTOLORUM IN THE WRITINGS OF RUPERT OF DEUTZ DOCTORAL THESIS IN SACRED THEOLOGY WITH SPECIALIZATION IN MARIAN STUDIES The Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute University of Dayton, Ohio, USA 1996 DOCTORAL DISSERTATION INTERNATIONAL MARIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON IN PONTIFICIA FACUL TATE THEOLOGICA ''MARIANlJM'' Vidimus et approbamus Dayton: International Marian Research Institute Romae: ex aedibus Pontificiae Facultatis Theologicae "Marianum" die 8 decembris 1996 Rev. Theodore A. Koehler, S.M. Rev. Thomas A. Thompson, S.M. Rev. Johann G. Roten, S.M. Doctoral Dissertation Presented at the International Marian Research Institute (Pontifical Theological Faculty Marianum) Deacon Peter W. Gittens MAGISTRA APOSTOLORUM IN THE WRITINGS OF RUPERT OF DEUTZ: An investigation into the usage of this Marian title in Rupert's Commentary on the Canticle of Canticles. Doctoral Dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Sacred Theology with Specialization in Marian Studies Director: The Rev. Eamon R. Carroll. 0. Carm. The Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute University of Dayton, Ohio, USA 1996 PREFACE As a religious education teacher and catechist, with an interest in the apostolic catechesis of the early Church, I wanted to explore the role that Jesus' Mother and first Teacher might have played in the nascent apostolic community. An article by Jean Leclercq 1 was instrumental in giving clarity and focus to my interests in Mary as a Teacher in the post-Pentecost apostolic community. Leclercq wrote about the tradition of Mary being left on earth by Jesus for the consolation and the instruction of the apostles. Rupert of Deutz was not mentioned as one of the exponents of this tradition, but the curiosity aroused in me by this article led me to Rupert of Deutz. My sincere thanks go to the late Rev. Jean-Marie Salgado, O.M.I.+l995, my former Spiritual Director, in the late 1960s, at the Pontificio Collegio Urbano "De Propaganda Fide", Rome, for introducing me to Rupert of Deutz and his use of the title Magistra Apostolorum, in reference to Mary's teaching function in the infant Apostolic Church. Consequently, this thesis is an attempt to highlight the Mario logy of Rupert of Deutz, in which this twelfth-century Benedictine abbot referred to Mary as Magistra Apostolorum, instructing the Apostles. Although he probably was the most prolific theological writer of the twelfth-century, Rupert of Deutz is not very well known today. In recent years some interest has been generated in his writings by European scholars in German, French, Italian and Spanish. John Van Engen's book is perhaps the most thorough study on Rupert of Deutz in English in recent times. This dissertation on the Mario logy of Rupert of Deutz, is the first, as far as it is known, on Rupert's use of Magistra Apostolorum as a Marian title. It is this writer's hope that this work will serve as an 1Jean Leclercq, «Mary's Reading ofJesus», Monastic Studies, Vol. 15, (1984), 105-ll6. i introduction to Rupert of Deutz and to his Mariology. Rupert deserves to be recognized for his insights and contributions to Marian doctrine in the twelfth-century, the "golden age of Mario­ logy. "2 I wish to thank my thesis director, Fr. Eamon R. Carroll, for accepting to direct this dissertation, and for graciously meeting with me whether in Dayton, or Chicago, or Rome, to read, correct, and direct the progress of this work. A word of thanks to the official readers of the thesis both at the Pontifical Theological Faculty, the Marianum, in Rome, and at the International Marian Research Institute (IMRI), University of Dayton for their helpful suggestions, and encouragement: Fr. Johann Roten, Director of the (IMRI); Fr. Theodore Koehler, Director Emeritus of the IMRI and the Marian Library; and Fr. Thomas Thompson, Director of the Marian Library. To all the faculty and staff members of the IMRI and the Marian Library, thanks for your concern, kindness, and help over the past four years. 3 Sincere thanks to Joseph S. Waters, Ed.D., former Superintendent of Education, Wellington County Roman Catholic Separate School Board, for his continued interest, encouragement, and advice. My profoundest gratitude and appreciation to my colleagues and friends: Marie Taylor, S.S.N.D., and Jeremiah (Jerry) Creedon, S.T.L. , S.S.L., Former Religious Education Consultants, for painstakingly proof-reading and editorial advice. I saved the best wine for the end, in thanking my family. To my dearest wife Wilma, to whom I dedicate this work, to my 2See Hilda Graefs title to Chapter 5: "The Twelfth Century ... And the Golden Age of Mariology", Mary, A History Of Doctrine And Devotion, Part One, (Westminster: Christian Classics, Combined Edition, [1985], p. 210. Hereafter cited as Graef, Mary). :!Jbe original dissertation, submitted to the International Marian Research Institute in the summer of 1991 , was defended in March 1992. This edition, prepared for publication, is a substantial rewriting of the original thesis. ii children, Peter Anthony and Joanne Elizabeth, thanks for your love, understanding, patience, tolerance, and encouragement, without which I would not have been able to complete this dissertation. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE ......................................... .. .. ......... .... .. .. ......... TABLE OF CONTENTS............. ... ... .............................. tv ABBREVIATIONS .. .. .. ..... .......................... ·····..... .. ......... Vll INTRODUCTION.... .. .. ............ ..... ........................ ........... 1 CHAPTER ONE LIFE OF RUPERT OF DEUTZ........................................ 5 Early Education and Monastic Formation.......... 5 Mystical Visions.................. .. ................... 6 La Vierge de Dom Rupert............ .......... .. ...... ....... 7 Replica of La Vierge de Dom Rupert. .................. 10 Picture of La Vierge de Dom Rupert......... .. ......... 11 Rupert's Exegetical Writings ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... ... .. .. 12 The <<Historical•> in Rupert's Exegesis.................... 13 The Allegorical in Rupert's Exegesis.................. 15 Biblical Theologian.............................................. .. 17 List of Rupert's Works...................... ..................... 18 Writings before Ordination................................... 19 Writings after Ordination............ ...................... ... 20 Writings as the Abbot ofDeutz................... .......... 22 Spurious Works............ ... ........................... ... ...... .. 25 The Spirituality of a Reform-minded Monk.......... 26 Preaching the Word of God........................... ........ 30 Controversy, Suspicion and Heresy.. ..................... 31 Abbot ofDeutz.... .... ............ .................................. 35 De Meditatione Mortis............................... ... ........ 38 Marian Writer............................. ........ ... ................ 39 v CHAPTER TWO CANTICLE OF CANTICLES....... ... ............. .................... 41 St. Bernard................................... .......................... 42 Ecclesial, Mystical and Marian............................. 44 Five Other Marian Canticle Commentaries.......... 46 Honorius of Autun....... .. .. .... .................................. 46 Philip ofHarvengt.. .... .. .......... ............................... 49 William of Weyam.. .... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... 50 Alain ofLille.......... ... ............ .. ......... .... .. .......... .. ... 50 William ofNewburgh...... .. .................................... 53 CHAPTER THREE MARIOLOGY OF RUPERT OF DEUTZ................... ..... 57 Rupert's Entirely Marian Commentary on the Canticle of Canticles............. ......... 57 Rupert's Division ofhis Commentary.................. 61 Marian Themes in De Incarnatione.... .. ... ..... .. ..... 62 Mother ofthe Incarnate Word of God.................. 64 Joys and Sorrows of Mary's Maternal Heart ........ 66 Mary's Beauty and Perfection: Purity, Virginity, Humility...... ... ..... ................... .. 70 Purification of Mary............................................. 71 Humility ................................................ ............. ... 71 Virginity....................................................... ......... 72 Tot a Pulchra Es.. .... .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ...... ... .. ...... ...... ... 74 Mary and Eve................................................. .. ..... 77 Mary: Prophetess and Teacher (Magistra Apostolorum )Tempus Tacendi, Tempus Loquendi...................................... 81 Pondering in her Heart (Tempus Tacendi) ... ......... 82 Mary's time to speak (Tempus Loquendi) ............. 86 Magistra Apostolorum .. ......................................... 89 vi Destroyer of Heresies ... .......................................... 91 Mary and the Church........... ............. ......... .. .......... 93 Mary as Bride - Church as Bride........... .. .. ..... .. ..... 95 Mother and Type of the Church... .... ... ... .... ........... 96 CHAPTER FOUR FOUNDATIONS OF "MAGISTRA APOSTOLORUM". .. 105 Haymon of Auxerre .................. .. ............. .. ............ 106 Eadmer.... ... .... ................................... .. .. ........ ...... .. 107 Bruno of Asti or Segni .......................................... 107 Amadeus .... .
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