THE DESTINY of the WORLD : a STUDY on the END of the UNIVERSE in the Llght of ANCIENT EGYPTIAN TEXTS
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Ancient Egyptian Religion I: General Concepts and the Heliopolitan Gods
Ancient Egyptian Religion I: General Concepts and the Heliopolitan Gods Shawn C. Knight Spring 2009 (This document last revised March 18, 2009) 1 The nature of Egyptian religion (intro) The Egyptian idea of \deity" is a difficult one to pin down. The most frequently used word for deity, ' 4 ntr (or nTr), resembles the English word god in that it can be used as either a common noun, referring to one of numerous divine beings, or as a proper noun, referring to the Supreme Being. Much more problematic than the word used, however, are the details of what the gods do and even who they are. Gods become conflated with one another; most notably, there are (at least) two gods named Horus, designated \Elder" and \Younger", and they share a number of traits, often being confused (deliberately or mistakenly). The gods usurp one another's roles, or delegate their roles to others, with astounding frequency. It is Set's role to protect the sun god from the serpent of chaos|except when Horus has that function. The Supreme Being is Re-Atum, except when he is Amun-Re, except when he is simply Re or simply Atum or . Adding still further to the complication is the local character of Egyptian religion. Every nome had a patron god, and while some of the gods patronized more than one nome, there was plenty of variety. We have already considered this to some degree: we have noted Thebes, for example, as having Amun for a patron, and observed that the military rise of the Thebans in the Middle and New Kingdoms were responsible for the enrichment and empowerment of Amun's cult. -
Asherah in the Hebrew Bible and Northwest Semitic Literature Author(S): John Day Source: Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol
Asherah in the Hebrew Bible and Northwest Semitic Literature Author(s): John Day Source: Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 105, No. 3 (Sep., 1986), pp. 385-408 Published by: The Society of Biblical Literature Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3260509 . Accessed: 11/05/2013 22:44 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Society of Biblical Literature is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Biblical Literature. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 143.207.2.50 on Sat, 11 May 2013 22:44:00 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions JBL 105/3 (1986) 385-408 ASHERAH IN THE HEBREW BIBLE AND NORTHWEST SEMITIC LITERATURE* JOHN DAY Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University, England, OX2 6QA The late lamented Mitchell Dahood was noted for the use he made of the Ugaritic and other Northwest Semitic texts in the interpretation of the Hebrew Bible. Although many of his views are open to question, it is indisputable that the Ugaritic and other Northwest Semitic texts have revolutionized our understanding of the Bible. One matter in which this is certainly the case is the subject of this paper, Asherah.' Until the discovery of the Ugaritic texts in 1929 and subsequent years it was common for scholars to deny the very existence of the goddess Asherah, whether in or outside the Bible, and many of those who did accept her existence wrongly equated her with Astarte. -
Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth Fonctions Et Usages Du Mythe Égyptien
Revue de l’histoire des religions 4 | 2018 Qu’est-ce qu’un mythe égyptien ? Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth Fonctions et usages du mythe égyptien Katja Goebs and John Baines Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/rhr/9334 DOI: 10.4000/rhr.9334 ISSN: 2105-2573 Publisher Armand Colin Printed version Date of publication: 1 December 2018 Number of pages: 645-681 ISBN: 978-2-200-93200-8 ISSN: 0035-1423 Electronic reference Katja Goebs and John Baines, “Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth”, Revue de l’histoire des religions [Online], 4 | 2018, Online since 01 December 2020, connection on 13 January 2021. URL: http:// journals.openedition.org/rhr/9334 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/rhr.9334 Tous droits réservés KATJA GOEBS / JOHN BAINES University of Toronto / University of Oxford Functions and Uses of Egyptian Myth* This article discusses functions and uses of myth in ancient Egypt as a contribution to comparative research. Applications of myth are reviewed in order to present a basic general typology of usages: from political, scholarly, ritual, and medical applications, through incorporation in images, to linguistic and literary exploitations. In its range of function and use, Egyptian myth is similar to that of other civilizations, except that written narratives appear to have developed relatively late. The many attested forms and uses underscore its flexibility, which has entailed many interpretations starting with assessments of the Osiris myth reported by Plutarch (2nd century AD). Myths conceptualize, describe, explain, and control the world, and they were adapted to an ever-changing reality. Fonctions et usages du mythe égyptien Cet article discute les fonctions et les usages du mythe en Égypte ancienne dans une perspective comparatiste et passe en revue ses applications, afin de proposer une typologie générale de ses usages – applications politiques, érudites, rituelles et médicales, incorporation dans des images, exploitation linguistique et littéraire. -
1The Emergence of Law in Ancient Egypt: the Role of Maat
1THE EMERGENCE OF LAW IN ANCIENT EGYPT: THE ROLE OF MAAT NJ van Blerk* ** ABSTRACT In this article, the emergence of ancient Egyptian law out of religion and specifi cally arising from the concept of maat is discussed, as well as the important role played by religion, and specifi cally maat, in the ancient Egyptians’ understanding and development of the law. An attempt is made to indicate that the ancient Egyptians indeed had law and to explain what the ancient Egyptians understood by law, followed by a discussion of the development of ancient Egyptian law and key jurisprudence elements of ancient Egyptian law. KEYWORDS: Ancient Egypt; emergence of Egyptian law; importance of religion; hp; hpw; maat; jurisprudence; justice; balance; impartiality; tradition; precedent; custom 1 Introduction Law has existed as long as organised human society, but its origins are lost in the mists of prehistory.1 The advent of writing left a record from which the living 1 See Westbrook 2003a: 1. * This article is based on ch 4 of my PhD thesis titled “Aspects of succession law in ancient Egypt with specifi c reference to the testamentary disposition”. ** Lecturer, LLB, MA, D Litt & Phil; Department of Biblical and Ancient Studies, University of South Africa. Fundamina DOI: 10.17159/2411-7870/2018/v24n1a4 Volume 24 | Number 1 | 2018 Print ISSN 1021-545X/ Online ISSN 2411-7870 pp 69-88 69 NJ VAN BLERK institutions of the past may be reconstructed. In many instances the emergence of truly legal concepts was derived from religion, although over time law emerged -
The Relationship of Yahweh and El: a Study of Two Cults and Their Related Mythology
Wyatt, Nicolas (1976) The relationship of Yahweh and El: a study of two cults and their related mythology. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2160/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] .. ýýý,. The relationship of Yahweh and Ell. a study of two cults and their related mythology. Nicolas Wyatt ý; ý. A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy rin the " ®artänont of Ssbrwr and Semitic languages in the University of Glasgow. October 1976. ý ý . u.: ý. _, ý 1 I 'Preface .. tee.. This thesis is the result of work done in the Department of Hebrew and ': eraitia Langusgee, under the supervision of Professor John rdacdonald, during the period 1970-1976. No and part of It was done in collaboration, the views expressed are entirely my own. r. .e I should like to express my thanks to the followings Professor John Macdonald, for his assistance and encouragement; Dr. John Frye of the Univeritty`of the"Witwatersrandy who read parts of the thesis and offered comments and criticism; in and to my wife, whose task was hardest of all, that she typed the thesis, coping with the peculiarities of both my style and my handwriting. -
1 Self-Representation of Arab Female Influencers on Instagram
Self-representation of Arab Female Influencers on Instagram: A qualitative and quantitative analysis Sara S. Elmaghraby ∗ Abstract This paper aims at exploring the new media platform (Instagram) and its role in offering an innovative platform for women to present themselves, and, to break stereotypes. It aims at identifying the ways Arab Female Influencers present themselves to their followers on Instagram visually and verbally. In order to collect the sample of the Arab Influencers, a survey was conducted on 100 female college students. Then a quantitative and qualitative analysis was conducted on the accounts of 115 Arab female influencers that these students followed the most. Influencers were divided according to their careers, and their official accounts and were analyzed according to a 7-category coding scheme. The last post published on their account was described with its caption, hashtag, tag, and visual frame. The paper concluded that college students prefer to follow actresses, singers and fashionistas, travel bloggers and nutritionists. It also concluded that Arab female influencers mainly tend to present themselves promoting their work and publishing personal stories on this new media platform (Instagram). Keywords: Instagram, Gender, Middle East, Framing, Visual studies, Self Representation ∗ Teacher at Journalism department Faculty of Mass Communication, Cairo University 1 Introduction After Goffman suggested his theory of self–presentation (Goffman, 1959) several types of research defined self- presentation as a behavior that tries to deliver information about oneself or some image of oneself to other people. According to Baumeister self-presentation “ denotes a class of motivations in human behavior (…) that are in part stable dispositions of individuals but they depend on situational factors to elicit them. -
Celtic Egyptians: Isis Priests of the Lineage of Scota
Celtic Egyptians: Isis Priests of the Lineage of Scota Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers – the primary creative genius behind the famous British occult group, the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn – and his wife Moina Mathers established a mystery religion of Isis in fin-de-siècle Paris. Lawrence Durdin-Robertson, his wife Pamela, and his sister Olivia created the Fellowship of Isis in Ireland in the early 1970s. Although separated by over half a century, and not directly associated with each other, both groups have several characteristics in common. Each combined their worship of an ancient Egyptian goddess with an interest in the Celtic Revival; both claimed that their priestly lineages derived directly from the Egyptian queen Scota, mythical foundress of Ireland and Scotland; and both groups used dramatic ritual and theatrical events as avenues for the promulgation of their Isis cults. The Parisian Isis movement and the Fellowship of Isis were (and are) historically-inaccurate syncretic constructions that utilised the tradition of an Egyptian origin of the peoples of Scotland and Ireland to legitimise their founders’ claims of lineal descent from an ancient Egyptian priesthood. To explore this contention, this chapter begins with brief overviews of Isis in antiquity, her later appeal for Enlightenment Freemasons, and her subsequent adoption by the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. It then explores the Parisian cult of Isis, its relationship to the Celtic Revival, the myth of the Egyptian queen Scota, and examines the establishment of the Fellowship of Isis. The Parisian mysteries of Isis and the Fellowship of Isis have largely been overlooked by critical scholarship to date; the use of the medieval myth of Scota by the founders of these groups has hitherto been left unexplored. -
Temples and Tombs Treasures of Egyptian Art from the British Museum
Temples and Tombs Treasures of Egyptian Art from The British Museum Resource for Educators this is max size of image at 200 dpi; the sil is low res and for the comp only. if approved, needs to be redone carefully American Federation of Arts Temples and Tombs Treasures of Egyptian Art from The British Museum Resource for Educators American Federation of Arts © 2006 American Federation of Arts Temples and Tombs: Treasures of Egyptian Art from the British Museum is organized by the American Federation of Arts and The British Museum. All materials included in this resource may be reproduced for educational American Federation of Arts purposes. 212.988.7700 800.232.0270 The AFA is a nonprofit institution that organizes art exhibitions for presen- www.afaweb.org tation in museums around the world, publishes exhibition catalogues, and interim address: develops education programs. 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1514 New York, NY 10168 after April 1, 2007: 305 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017 Please direct questions about this resource to: Suzanne Elder Burke Director of Education American Federation of Arts 212.988.7700 x26 [email protected] Exhibition Itinerary to Date Oklahoma City Museum of Art Oklahoma City, Oklahoma September 7–November 26, 2006 The Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens Jacksonville, Florida December 22, 2006–March 18, 2007 North Carolina Museum of Art Raleigh, North Carolina April 15–July 8, 2007 Albuquerque Museum of Art and History Albuquerque, New Mexico November 16, 2007–February 10, 2008 Fresno Metropolitan Museum of Art, History and Science Fresno, California March 7–June 1, 2008 Design/Production: Susan E. -
THE SUPREMACY of BA'al OVER MOT in UGARITIC CYCLE of COSMOGONIC MYTHS and ITS INFLUENCE on the OLD TESTAMENT Interprets the Bi
AJBT. Volume 21(6). February 9, 2020 THE SUPREMACY OF BA‘AL OVER MOT IN UGARITIC CYCLE OF COSMOGONIC MYTHS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE OLD TESTAMENT Abstract The supremacy of Ba‘al over Mot in Ugaritic Cycle of Cosmogonic Myths was a prominent tradition within the world of the ancient Near East. This custom projects Ba‘al as the god of fertility and rain, but Mot as that of death and underworld. Since the world of the time was agrarian, most of the peoples involved in the worship of Ba‘al for bumper harvests but cast aspersion on Mot. The paper, therefore, claims that the incessant drifting away by ancient Israel from Yahweh for the worship of Ba‘al was on account of this cultural influence from the surrounding nations. The paper employed the canonical approach which interprets the biblical text in its canonical context, to analyse the influence of this type in the OT setting. In this direction, the writer examined ancient Ugarit from the perspective of archaeology. The paper also considered lexical analyses of the concepts of “Ba‘al” and “Mot” from the general worldview of the ancient world, especially within the cultural understanding of the people of Israel. The basis of this analysis was to identify possible supremacy of Ba‘al over Mot, the god of the dead. The writer finally investigated the possible areas of influence and the paper identified the following elements, namely, naming off some towns and cities after Ba‘al within the geographical locations of ancient Israel, worship of Ba‘al beginning from Israel’s contact with the Moabites in the wilderness and throughout the Judges and prevalence of Ba‘al worship during the United Kingdom and the time of Monarchy. -
Serpent Symbols and Salvation in the Ancient Near East and the Book of Mormon
Journal of Book of Mormon Studies Volume 10 Number 2 Article 8 7-31-2001 Serpent Symbols and Salvation in the Ancient Near East and the Book of Mormon Andrew C. Skinner Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jbms BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Skinner, Andrew C. (2001) "Serpent Symbols and Salvation in the Ancient Near East and the Book of Mormon," Journal of Book of Mormon Studies: Vol. 10 : No. 2 , Article 8. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/jbms/vol10/iss2/8 This Feature Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Book of Mormon Studies by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Title Serpent Symbols and Salvation in the Ancient Near East and the Book of Mormon Author(s) Andrew C. Skinner Reference Journal of Book of Mormon Studies 10/2 (2001): 42–55, 70–71. ISSN 1065-9366 (print), 2168-3158 (online) Abstract The serpent is often used to represent one of two things: Christ or Satan. This article synthesizes evi- dence from Egypt, Mesopotamia, Phoenicia, Greece, and Jerusalem to explain the reason for this duality. Many scholars suggest that the symbol of the serpent was used anciently to represent Jesus Christ but that Satan distorted the symbol, thereby creating this para- dox. The dual nature of the serpent is incorporated into the Old Testament, the New Testament, and the Book of Mormon. erpent ymbols & SSalvation in the ancient near east and the book of mormon andrew c. -
On the Orientation of the Avenue of Sphinxes in Luxor Amelia Carolina Sparavigna
On the orientation of the Avenue of Sphinxes in Luxor Amelia Carolina Sparavigna To cite this version: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna. On the orientation of the Avenue of Sphinxes in Luxor. Philica, Philica, 2018. hal-01700520 HAL Id: hal-01700520 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01700520 Submitted on 4 Feb 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. On the orientation of the Avenue of Sphinxes in Luxor Amelia Carolina Sparavigna (Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino) Abstract The Avenue of Sphinxes is a 2.8 kilometres long Avenue linking Luxor and Karnak temples. This avenue was the processional road of the Opet Festival from the Karnak temple to the Luxor temple and the Nile. For this Avenue, some astronomical orientations had been proposed. After the examination of them, we consider also an orientation according to a geometrical planning of the site, where the Avenue is the diagonal of a square, a sort of best-fit straight line in a landscape constrained by the presence of temples, precincts and other processional avenues. The direction of the rising of Vega was probably used as reference direction for the surveying. -
Book of the Dead: Becoming God in Ancient Egypt — Which Will Open in Our Special Exhibits Gallery This Fall
News & Notes MEMBERS’ MAGAZINE ISSUE 235 | AUTUMN 2017 FROM THE DIRECTOR’S STUDY defining characteristic of the Oriental Institute has always been the equal em- phasis on archaeological and textual approaches to the study of the ancient A THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE Near East. This dual focus is aptly exemplified by the two featured articles in this 1155 East 58th Street issue, which, while considering ancient Egypt from different perspectives, demon- Chicago, Illinois, 60637 strate that novel approaches can shed new light on long-considered problems. In the lead article, Foy Scalf introduces us to the exhibition he is curating WEBSITE oi.uchicago.edu — Book of the Dead: Becoming God in Ancient Egypt — which will open in our special exhibits gallery this fall. The Book of the Dead, a seminal text of the ancient FACSIMILE world, has been the source of a vast scholarship since the middle of the nineteenth 773.702.9853 century, yet it remains poorly understood beyond Egyptological circles, and the MEMBERSHIP INFORMATION source of many popular misconceptions about ancient Egyptian culture and reli- 773.702.9513 gion. As Foy explains, our special exhibit seeks to remedy this by bringing the lat- [email protected] est research to bear on questions of the purpose, origins, history, and theological MUSEUM INFORMATION context of the Book of the Dead. Contrary to its name, which is a modern coinage, 773.702.9520 the Book of the Dead is about life — the eternal life of the soul after death. Far SUQ GIFT AND BOOK SHOP from being a book in the traditional sense or a single canonical text for that mat- 773.702.9510 ter, the Book of the Dead is a compendium of spells, of diverse origins and uses, which collectively provide the deceased with a handbook for the Netherworld, ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE 773.702.9514 assuring rejuvenation and, moreover, identifying the human realm with the divine.