1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 2059 - NOT VOTING-3 the Sena,te stand in adjournment until Thereupon

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Part 8: Let's Keep the Record Straight­ Post of a joint Alsop-Bartlett article al­ which was imposed at the beginning of the leging that Adlai Stevenson-whose pub­ Cuban crisis. Most of the U.S. ships. partici­ A Selected Chronology of Cuba and pating in the blockade of Cuba return to lic image had improved immensely dur­ their ports. The U.S. Defense Department and Castro (November 21-December ing the U.N. discussion and debate of th.e orders the .release from active duty of 14,200 IS, 19~2) CUban-Soviet missiles buildup-had ad­ Air Force reservists called to active duty vocated a soft policy toward Moscow in during the Cuban crisis, cancels involuntary National Security Council discussions duty extensions of Navy and Marine Corps EXTENSION OF REMARKS created a new issue. The combined in­ personnel, and ends the special alert of the OF dignant denials of Stevenson, his sup­ Strategic Air Command. porters, and a carefully worded letter November 24, 1962: Castro Government be­ HON. DON L. SHORT of confidence written by President Ken­ gins demobilization of militia units called to OF NORTH DAKOTA nedy to Stevenson were not able to put arms on October 22. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES November 26, 1962: Cuban Government to rest a rumor that President Kennedy newspaper Revolucion reports that Cuba will Thursday, February 7, 1963 himself had engineered the whole thing. permit UN investigators to verify the re­ Later public utterances of both Steven­ moval of Soviet missiles from Cuba if the Mr. SHORT. Mr. Speaker, part 8 is son and the President not only did not United States will agree to U.N. supervision now offered as a continuation of my dear up the muddy waters, but in the of the dismantling of "training camps of chronology on Cuba and Castro. opinion of many, added a shade more mercenaries, spies, saboteurs and terrorists" The "mopping-up" operations which mud. allegedly set up as anti-Castro bases on U.S. normally take place after a battle is over And it remained for Soviet Premier soil. now became the order of the day after Soviet First Deputy P.remier Anastas I. Khrushchev-in his own fight for an im­ Mikoyan leaves Cuba and returns to New the coldest of cold wars was over. First proved public image in the U.S.S.R.-to the American quarantine was lifted, the York. place the whole Cuban affair in clear and November 28, 1962: The Cuban situation Soviets returned the courtesy by. ending cold perspective by a few well-chosen was discussed by Secretary of State Dean their combat readiness status, our ships, words. Pointing out that although the Rusk on a television program tonight. He reservists, Navy, Marine Corps, and so-called Marxist-Leninists- Chinese warned that although negotiations here and Strategic Air Command returned home Communists-called imperialism a paper in Washington had eased the Cuban crisis, or ceased their operations in and around tiger-that paper tiger has nuclear Americans must not draw too many conclu­ sions about a relaxation of world tensions. Cuban waters. Even the Cuban Gov­ teeth-and, therefore~ should not be ernment was reported to have begun treated lightly. Then he outlined some 'We were deeply gratified to see the im­ demobilizing its miiitia units which had undeniable, · but to us indigestible, mediate unification of the [Western] hemi­ been called to arms the day after our sphere with unanimity on the nature of this truths, which it would pay us to mem­ threat·and the necessity that it be removed," quarantine was declared. orize in order not to forget them: Then the glow of our uneasy peace Mr. ·Rusk· said in reference to the Soviet In what way have we retreated? Socialist introduction of missiles and other offensive began slowly to fade as a Cuban Gov­ Cuba exists. Cuba remains a beacon of weapons into Cuba and their subsequent ernment newspaper renewed the con­ MarJdst-Leninist ideas in the Western Hem­ withdrawal. "Had there been disunity and troversy by an offer to swap U.N. veri­ isphere. The impact of her revolutionary had we fallen to quarreling among ourselves, fication of Soviet missiles removal from example wm grow. The Government of the I think the results might have been quite Cuba for U.N. supervision of dismantling United States .has given a pledge not to in­ different." of alleged anti-Castro camps on U.S. soil vade Cuba. The threat of thermonuclear He said of the easing of the Cuban crisis: which supposedly were "training camps war has been averted. Is this a retreat? "I think it gives us all some confidence for the future." of mercenaries, spies, saboteurs, and Then, staying in character, Khru­ However, he added; "I don't want to mis­ terrorists." shchev continued pressing for a guaran­ lead you on that because we have cautioned Mikoyan, the Soviet's .No. 1 trouble­ tee of noninvasion of Cuba by the United our friends from drawing too many conclu­ shooter, left Cuba, returned to New States. Ignoring completely the fact sions from the Cuban experience. The Soviet York, and journeyed to the White that his own guarantees to the United Union remains a great power. There were House for what was termed an "incon­ States regarding veri:flcation of the mis­ special circumstances in Cuba which are not clusive conference on Cuba and other siles removal were worthless, he admon- necessarily present in other parts of the eold-war issues" with President Ken­ ·ished us to take care lest the Soviet con­ world." nedy. November 29, 1962: President Kennedy and fidence in the word of the United States Anastas I. Mikoyan, a Soviet First Deputy Secretary of State Dean Rusk did lit­ was destroyed. Premier, met for 3 hours and 15 minutes tle to relieve the renewed tension when And the Red Chinese added the final today in an apparently inconclusive con­ he broadcast a warning that Americans note of hypocrisy in virtuously declar­ ference on Cuba and some other cold-war must not draw too many conclusions ing that tpey really had no part in the issues. about a relaxation of world tensions. whole thing because they neither intro­ Both the White House and Mr. Mikoyan Stating that easing of the Cuban crisis duced nuclear weapons into Cuba, nor announced after the meeting that an agree­ "gives us all some confidence for the obstructed their removal. In their de­ ment had been reached to continue at the future," he nev.ertheless pointed out that nial of the charge of "adventurism'' or United Nations the United States-Soviet of attempts at plunging the whole world negotiations on the Cuban situation. "there were special circumstances in November 30, 1962: A luncheon conference Cuba which are not necessarily present into a thermonuclear war, however, we in Washington between Anastas I. Mikoyan in other parts of the world." And the concede that they tO a certain extent and Secretary of State Rusk covered a wide American public swallowed this bitter spoke the truth because their actions range of issues. There was no sign of any medicine reluctantly, but with resigna­ smacked of the typical troublemaker who -change in Soviet and United States positions. tion, because it k~.ew Secretary Rusk s~ys, "I;U hold your coats, and let's you December 1, 1962: Anastas I. Mikoyan left spoke the tru.th. and him fight." Washington for Moscow, affirming the good­ We soon found •controversy was going Part 8 follows: will of the United States and pledging that the same "will be evinced by us." The Soviet to remain our way of life when the PART 8-A SELECTED CHRONOLOGY ON CUBA. leader expressed optimism on a settlement on Stevenson-AlsoP-Bartlett issue was sud­ AJID CASTRO c Cuba an.d ·future Soviet-United States rela:. denly dropped in our· laps. Publication November 21, 19.62: Soviet Union ends the . tlons, but American officials were more in the December 8 Saturday Evening combat-readiness alert of its armed forces reserved. 2060 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE February 7 December 2, 1962: Secretary General Thant "I think that President Kennedy's firm­ Khrushchev pledged himself to fulfill So­ voiced hope that the "spirit of compromise" ness and prude~ce have been r\chly re­ viet commitments in the Cuba settlement in United States-Soviet negotiations on . warded, and I am proud to have had a part "so long as the other side stands by this Cuba would be extended to other·6utstand­ in the formulation of his policy and in its understanding." Then he added: ing problems. The United Nations leader · execution." "But if the commitments assumed are not cited Berlin as an issue on which c~mpro­ Stevenson continued: "The important observed by the other side, we shall be com­ mise might be imperative and added that thing, it seems to me now, is to conclude pelled to take such action as may be required the West did not seem to grasp the full sig­ this transaction with the Soviet Union and by the situation." nificance of "an obvious change" in the to move on to further negotiations with them Referring to Cuban Premier Fidel Castro's Soviet political mood. about the many other problems and conflicts five demands (which include U.S. evacua­ December 3, 1962: Washington announced that embarrass our relations and the security tion of its Guantanamo Naval Base on Cuba} , yesterday that Soviet jet bombers were being of the world." Khrushchev called them "just demands in shipped out of Cuba in line with Premier He said the United Nations throughout the keeping with the elementary rights of every Khrushchev's pl~dge to President Kennedy. Cuban affair, "performed in the classic man­ soverign state." The Pentagon said patrol planes had spotted ner in which it was intended to perform." Khrushchev noted that Russia had with­ the Russian freighter Okhotsk sailing from "It provided a forum for the parties to drawn its rockets and bombers from Cuba. Cuba with at least three dismantled Ilyu­ expose their grievances. It afforded a means Now, he said, it was time for President shin-28's on deck, while other jets were of marshaling world opinion. And it pro­ Kennedy to guarantee noninvasion of the being crated at a Cuban airbase. vided an opportunity to the United Nations, island. December 5, 1962: President Kennedy to the Secretary General, to offer mediation Should U.S. pledges be broken, he said, it sought yesterday to end speculation that and conciliation." would have a far-reaching effect in destroy­ Adlai E. Stevenson would be replaced as ing Soviet confidence in the word of the U.S. representative to the United Na­ December 10, 1962: The United States is about ready to close United States. tions. In a letter to Mr. Stevenson, the He said the main result of recent Soviet President expressed his "fullest confidence" the book on the Cuban crisis and open the way for possible talks with the Soviet Union foreign policy was that an attack on Cuba in him and voiced deep regret over a con.:. "prepared by aggressive militarist circles of troversial magazine article implying that Mr. on other world issues, Secretary of State Dean Rusk made clear yesterday. the United States was averted." Stevenson had advocated a "soft" line toward World public opinion warmly greeted "the Moscow in the Cuban crisis. Mr. Stevenson The . one remaining obstacle, Rusk indi-· termed the article "wrong in literally every cated at his first press conference in 5 victory of the policy of commonsense." detail." months, is the continuing presence in Cuba He said Russian rockets were sent to Cuba December 5, 1962: The economic plight of of Soviet military forces. The Secretary re­ only so that the United States could see "the Cuba was reflected in a Government decree called President Kennedy's statement that real danger of thermonuclear war." nationalizing most shops dealing in cloth­ the Soviets had promised that at least some "We were sure that this would bring them ing, shoes, and hardware. The move was re­ of these forces would be withdrawn. Rusk to their senses," he said. garded as a first step toward rationing. Many added: Khrushchev ridiculed contentions that of the stores were painted with the word "Certainly we in this hemisphere could not Russia had chosen Cuba as a jump-off site for "nationalized"-and a hammer and sickle. accept as a normal situation any Soviet mili­ war against the United States and said this December 6, 1962: tary presence in Cuba." was "malicious fabrication!' U.S. Navy planes have verified that 42 Rusk said there are several thousand troops "Had we wanted to start war against the Soviet jet bombers are being transported still in Cuba, adding that "the numbers are United States we would not have agreed to home from Cuba aboard 3 ships. Coincident significant but not large. Their role there dismantle the rocketS installed in Cuba with this Pentagon announcement yesterday is something that is of great concern to us which were ready for launching for action. was a report from anti-Castro sources in and something we will follow very carefully." We would have brought them into play. We Havana that Soviet troops were apparently Rusk called the failure of the Soviet Union did not do that because we had no such bolstering Cuba's defenses. The report, to provide in Cuba the verification of mis­ aims," he said. dated November 29, said that many Soviet sile removal which Soviet Premier Nikita S. December 12, 1962: troop units were building underground forti­ Khrushchev had promised the President "a President Kennedy indicated yesterday fications and airfields throughout the island. very serious deficiency." But he made it evi­ that there has been too much speculation December 7,1962: dent the United States was not going to push about Adlai Stevenson's role in the Cuban U.S. analysts expressed doubts today that any further on this. The United States in­ crisis and pointedly declared that the matter Cuban negotiators would be able to obtain tends to continue aerial reconnaissance over should be left to historians. suftlcient Soviet-bloc aid to overcome Cuba's Cuba and is prepared to shoot back if any of At the same time, the President stressed worsening economic difficulties. its planes are shot at, it was learned else­ that positions taken in the Cuban crisis fre­ This view was held despite the contention where. quently changed during the discussions as by Carlos Rafael Rodriguez, head of the 16- December 11, 1962: the National Security Council examined al­ man economic mission that flew to Moscow Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev today ternatives and the possible repercussions. Wednesday, that in 1963 Cuban-Soviet trade But, he added in a discussion of the matter would exceed this year's total. rebuked Communist China for its criticism U.S. specialists believe the Soviet bloc may of Russian handling of the Cuban crisis in at his press conference, the final judgment lack both the capacity and the desire to raise the most direct Russian comment so far on was always made by him as President. again at this time the flow of aid and of the ideological rift between the two coun- December 13, 1962: subsidized trade that has been reaching Cuba tries. · Under Secretary of State George W. Ball in recent years. In a 2-hour and 48-minute televised ad­ said today the world may be entering a period December 8, 1962 : dress to the final session of the Supreme So­ of "profound political change" in which both Nine thousand marines quit Caribbean. viet (Parliament}, Khrushchev said the "so­ the hazards and possibilities of peace would A Marine brigade of about 9,000 men is on called Marxist-Leninists" who criticized his be increased. its way back to California after service in the Cuba policies were trying to get the United Ball said recent events in Cuba and other Caribbean area during the Cuban crisis, the States and Russia at each other's throats and trends suggest that we may be passing from corps announced Friday. · provoke a world war. a period of rigidity in world politics into an This was the first official disclosure of the He said those who call imperialism a era of great mobility and maneuver. size of the Marine force sent to the Carib­ "paper tiger" should remember that "the Ball said President Kennedy's quarantine bean and to the Guantanamo Naval Base in paper tiger has nuclear teeth." of Cuba to be only the first move in a late October, when the United States was It may still use them and should not be complicated strategy. But Soviet Premier building up its military power to cope with treated lightly. Therefore, in relations with Nikita S. Khrushchev's decision to remove a misslle threat from Cuba. imperialist countries, compromises are pos­ his missiles made the rest of the strategy December 9, 1962: sible. unnecessary, Ball said. · Adlai E. Stevenson sought to draw the He said that if Russia listened to "ultra­ December 13, 1962: final curtain yesterday on the Adlai affair. revolutionary shouters" during the Cuban American firmness and flexibility in han­ "There has been too much talk, I think, crisis the world would have been plunged dling the Cuban crisis have transformed the already, and much of it wholly uninformed," into a thermonuclear war. spirit of the Western Alliance, members of said the United Nations Ambassador of the The Soviet leader said the time had come the NATO Ministerial Council acknowledged furor created by a Saturday Evening Post for ending the crisis through negotiations. to one another today. article last week suggesting that Stevenson "In what way have we retreated?" he German Foreign Minister Gerhard favored a softer policy on Cuba than Presi­ asked. "Socialist Cuba ·exists. Cuba re­ Schroeder aptly summed up the feelings of dent Kennedy adopted. mains a beacon of Marxist-Leninist ideas in many others when he said that Cuba had "The important thing," Stevenson said the Western Hemisphere. The impact of her shown that the United States was prepared yesterday, "is that the Soviet Union has re­ revolutionary example will grow. The Gov­ to run the necessary risks to safeguard mu­ moved the nuclear weapons and the bombers ernment of the United States has given a tual interests. from Cuba without us firing a shot or seri­ pledge not to invade Cuba. The threat of As a result of the Cuban experience, Sec­ ously risking world war and without cost to thermonuclear war has been averted. Is this retary of State Dean Rusk told the 15-nation the United States. a retreat?" NATO Council, there is a sense of anticipa- 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 2061 tion among the allies that the opportunity To accomplish this, I have introduced writings issued a stern forbidding warn­ for new initiatives may be opening up. two bills. The first of the bills would ing to the Government and the people of Nevertheless, he said, it would be danger­ amend section 201 of the act so as to the United States. ous to think that the Cuban developments provide that all quota numbers not used have made the situation in Berlin any more This warning is so realistic and timely favorable. The Russians still reject any no­ in any year shall be made available in today that I think it is well worth re­ tion of continued Western presence in Berlin. the following year to immigrants of peating for the possible benefit of the Actually the Cuban crisis is not yet over, oversubscribed nations. Under the law House and the country. Rusk pointed out. The United States is rea­ as it exists today, the total annual quotas It goes as follows: sonably confident that all Soviet missiles and number 154,659. In 1960 only about Your Constitution is all sail and no an­ IL-20 bombers have left Cuba, but cannot 101,000 quota immigrants were admitted. chor. As I said before, when a society be entirely sure. Generally speaking, about one-third of has entered on this downward process, either A non-American source said Rusk told the the quota goes unfilled each year. This civilization or liberty must perish. Council that 10,000 to 12,000 Soviet troops lack of utilization is caused by the faet Either some Caesar or Napoleon will seize remain in Cuba in four distinct combat that there is an excess of quota num­ the reins of Government with a strong hand, units. These are not instructors or a mili­ bers allotted to some countries. As the or your Republic will be as fearfully plun­ tary assistance group but definite military dered and laid waste by barbarians in the units, the source said. Congress determined the annual number of immigrants who shall enter the 20th century, as the Roman Empire was in In addition, Rusk asserted, Russian sur­ the 5th: with this difference, that the Huns face-to-air missiles are still in Cuba, despite United States, I can find no valid reason and vandals who ravished the Roman Empire Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev's indi­ for not permitting the full number to came from without and that your Huns and cations that all would be removed. enter each year. So long as we have vandals will have been engendered within Although the United States has no desire determined that the United States has your own country and by your own in­ to invade Cuba, Rusk reiterated, it cannot sufficient room for a specific number of stitutions. be in the position of giving assurance above its treaty commitments in the Western good immigrants, let us admit them. While I do not agree that either the Hemisphere or of sanctioning interference by The second bill I have introduced con­ American Constitution or our political the Castro government with neighboring cerns a more basic change in the law. institutions are inadequate to cope with countries. I propose that the census figures for present conditions, I firmly believe that December 15, 1962: 1950 instead of 1920 be used as a basis North Atlantic Alliance countries today for determination of annual quotas. In it is imperative for us to pause and take wound up their 3-day fall ministerial meet­ 1920, the population of the continental account of present conditions and trends ing with a tribute to the American stand on United States was 105,710,620. To­ in the Nation and then move with all Cuba and a concession to appeals for day, the total population including Alas­ practicable speed to strengthen and re­ strengthening conventional military forces. ka and Hawaii is 179,323,150-1960 cen­ inforce our institutions, where this is Soviet action in secretly stationing nuclear sus. My bill would thus provide for deemed necessary, so that they may re­ missiles in Cuba had brought the world to sist the incessant clamors and impacts the verge of war, the final communique a population increase in annual quotas said, but the peril was averted by the firm­ and enable the quotas .to reflect the up­ of subversive and softening ideas and ness and restrain of the United States, sup­ to-date pattern of national origins rath­ destructive movements and be stream­ ported by the alliance and other free nations. er than those existing in 1920. Alloca­ lined and modernized, where the need December 15, 1962: tion of quotas among countries in the may be shown, to cope with and solve Red China, asserting unshakable belief in same proportions as the countries are the challenging problems of our rapidly its brand of communism, issued a manifesto reflected in our population is the basis changing, growing country and the today accusing the Soviet bloc of attempt­ for the entire national origin theory. world. ing to split the Communist world. To preserve intact our cherished free­ And while chiding Moscow over its role in Surely this system, in order to sustain its the Cuban episode, the 6,500-word Peking validity, must be shown to be sufficiently doms, and at the same time adapt our policy statement proposed a meeting of all flexible to reflect the present and not Government and economic system to the the world's Communist parties to attempt the distant past. needs of the present, should not be too to heal the Chinese-Soviet rupture. The Bureau of the Census estimated difficult a task for our great democracy, The Chinese stand was published in the that the change I propose would raise experienced as it is in the affairs and Peiping People's Daily, official organ of the the total annual quota to 210,492 places techniques of Government: Chinese Communist Party. for an increase of 55,835. Some impor­ But we must tackle this important In backing down on Cuba, the Soviet Union tant differences in the quota allocations task before our free institutions are was "scared out its wits" in the face of nu­ would be as follows: overwhelmed by the whirlwind of radical clear strength, Peiping said. thought and movements that literally "We neither requested the introduction of Present quota Implied besiege us, and before, by the sheer force nuclear weapons into Cuba, nor obstructed Country based on 1920 quota based of events, we succumb to the tides of the withdrawal of 'offensive weapons' from census on 1950 census that country," the People's Daily said. "For moral, social, and political disintegration which godless materialism is sweeping us, therefore, there is no question whatsoever Austria_------______1, 405 3, 309 of 'adventurism,' still less of 'plunging the Baltic States ______734 1,317 across the world. whole world into a thermonuclear war.'" Greece.------308 676 Italy_ ___ ------___ _------5,645 11,499 Poland _____ ------__ ------6,488 8, 155 Meritorious Service Award I therefore respectfully urge that these Proposed Changes in the Immigration and proposals be considered at an early date Nationality Act of 1924 and that any other Members who so de­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS sire join with me in their support. OF EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. W. J. BRYAN DORN OF OF SOUTH CAROLINA HON. EDNA F. KELLY Macauley's Warning IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF NEW YORK Thursday, February 7, 1963 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, John D. Thursday, February 7, 1963 OF Swygert, on December 19, 1962, received the Post Office Department's Meritorious Mrs. KELLY. Mr. Speaker, for many HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN Service Award, being one of the first re­ years there have been proposals for OF MASSACHUSETTS cipients under the Department's new changes in the Immigration and Na­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES awards program. His citation read: tionality Act of 1924. As one who has long been interested in immigration Thursday, February 7, 1963 For outstanding leadership and direction in the initiation a~d .administration of the problems, I feel that we have now Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, some 100 Christmas and vacation operation programs; reached the point where a minimum of years ago the great British thinker and :tor expert direction of staff work required to change is expedient. famed writer, Macauley, in one of hi~ improve the work measurement system; for 2062 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE February 7 effective manpower control resulting in ef­ A Scout knows when his conduct pleases "arrogate to himself a responsibility and a ficient and economical organization of our or displeases. Conditions in scouting are power which he does not have:• He declined Nation's post omces. to "appoint himself a dictator of the Senate." most favorable for the boy to learn to Mr. JoHNSON's position was supported by Mr. Swygert has been Director of the plan his own activities and to cooperate Senator EUGENE McCARTHY of Minnesota, Installations Management Division, Bu­ in a group with purpose. who certainly is no friend of the .filibuster. reau of Operations, Post O:tnce Depart­ Scouting makes valuable use, through Senator McCARTHY declared, "For Senators ment, since August 1961, having been den, patrol, and troop activities, of group to stand up and say that the Vice President, promoted to this position from executive enterprises with their attendant possi­ who is simply the presiding officer of this assistant to the Assistant Postmaster bilities to develop sound habits of con­ bOdy, must save the Senate from itself is, in my judgment, most unfair. If anybody General, Bureau of Operations. duct. Scouting has wisely taken notice is on trial today it is not the presiding officer Mr. Swygert is a native of Columbia, of the physical development of the boy but it is the Senate of the United States." S.C., and first entered the postal service which is one of the great needs of the This seems to us a precise description of in October 1935 as a substitute clerk. day. the situation. We are not entirely convinced He volunteered during World War II and World progress has given us more that a change in the filibuster rule is essen­ served in the U.S. Navy with honor and freedom, leisure time, and removed many tial. But even conceding that it is, such an distinction. At the time of his separa­ of the restraints of past ages. However, important revision in Senate procedure must be decided by the one hundred senators. It tion from service, he was district postal these factors have created an area of is both unfair and unwise to demand that o:tncer of the 6th. Naval District. Im­ greater personal responsibility toward the Vice President reverse many years of mediately upon his discharge, he re­ our youth. This Nation should hold in precedents to achieve for members of one turned to postal service. high regard the adults who work so group what they have been unable to achieve Mr. Swygert was elected a member of earnestly in scouting to develop strength for themselves. the executive board of the National As­ of character, initiative, physical endur­ This was a WTOP editorial, Jack Jurey sociation of Postal Supervisors in Sep­ ance, and honesty, so that the citizens of speaking for WTOP. tomorrow will be equipped to make full tember 1950 and, in August 1953, was [From the Washington Post, Jan. 30, 1963] appointed by President Michael C. Nave and proper use of the freedoms that are to fill the unexpired term of national theirs, both as boys and men. THE FILmUSTER DEBATE secretary in Washington, D.C. He con­ On this 53d anniversary, I urge the Hope for mOdification of the Senate's anti­ Boy Scouts of America to press forward filibuster rule as a result of the present ma­ tinued as secretary until December 1958, neuvers in that bOdy has dwindled to a very having been elected unanimously to the with their projects. The United States thin thread. Senate Majority Leader MANs­ secretary position on three occasions in and the world need your continued FIELD is working hard for an agreement to Miami, Omaha, and Louisville. In De­ efforts. vote on Senator ANDERsoN•s motion aimed at cember 1958 he resigned as national sec­ bringing the rules controversy to a show­ retary to accept a position with the Post down, and there appears to be a good deal O:tnce Department as organization man­ Proposed Changes in Senate Cloture Rule of support for this solution. But as it must agement o:tncer in the Atlanta regional necessarily involve consent of the filibuster­ ing southern Senators, they must have con­ o:tnce. EXTENSION OF REMARKS cluded that the outcome will be defeat of Mr. Speaker, John D. Swygert typifies OF the proposed reform. the dedicated, loyal, public servant. His The preliminary move which prepared the many friends and admirers in the Con­ HON. ABRAHAM A. RIBICOFF way for defeat of the proposed. majority gress join me in congratulating him for OF CONNECTICUT cloture was Vice President JoHNSON's ruling this great honor and in expressing our IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES on Monday. Citing 36 precedents, the Vice appreciation for his many kindnesses President ruled that the asserted constitu­ and courtesies to us. Mr. Swygert like Thursday, February 7,1963 tional right to close debate and adopt new Mr. RmiCOFF. Mr. President, during rules at the beginning of a new session must his chief, the able and distinguished Ed­ be decided by the Senate itself. The issue ward Day, exemplifies those traditions, the entire discussion over changing the thus laid before the Senate is debatable; so principles, and ideals of public service rules of the Senate, the question of what there was nothing to prevent inde:fl.nite con­ that made the Post O:tnce Department should be done has often been confused tinuation of the filibuster-unless the the superb organization that it is today. with the question of how a change should southerners can foresee an end in their be made. favor. I have steadfastly supported making a The question before the Senate is not, of change in the cloture rule and I believe course, whether the rules can be amended by my votes during these proceedings have majority vote. The Senate acts by majority Fifty-third Anniversary Salute to the Boy whether in passing bills or making its rules. Scouts of America made my position clear. But I have not The problem is to stop the talking so that a agreed with those who believe that the vote can take place. If Vice President JoHN­ method we should use to accomplish a soN had ruled as former Vice President Nixon EXTENSION OF REMARKS change is to insist that the Vice Presi­ had indicated he would ru1e, to the effect OF dent exercise powers that properly be­ that the Senate is not a continuing body, long to the Senate itself. I believe the the question would have been whether a ma­ HON. EDNA F. KELLY Vice President has fully and faithfully jority of the Senate would sustain him in OF NEW YORK discharged all of his responsibilities, and that view. It is highly improbable that the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES filibusters would permit a vote unless they I believe the Senate should exercise its are convinced that it will not. Thursday, February 7, 1963 responsibilities. The Senate liberals who are fighting for I ask unanimous consent that the fol­ Mrs. KELLY. Mr. Speaker, the 53d an easier way of cutting off debate claim 46 lowing editorials and letter be inserted at signatures on a statement supporting their anniversary of the Boy Scouts of Amer­ this point in the RECORD. view. If they could obtain a majority, they ica is an appropriate time for me to ex­ There being no objection, the edi­ would score an important point in public tend my personal greetings and con­ torials were ordered to be printed in the opinion. But the effect in the Senate would gratulations to this notable organization. RECORD, as follows: doubtless be to solidify the ranks of the fili­ The problems which face our Nation are busterers, and hope of stopping the talkiest tremendous, but the resources and vital­ EDITORIAL BROADCAST ON JANUARY 31, 1963, by a two-thirds vote for cloture under rule OVER WTOP TELEVISION AND WTOP RADIO 22 appears to be virtually nil. ity of our youth working together give Vice President LYNDON JoHNSON has made What is to be gained, therefore, by pro­ us great hope for the future. what we consider to be a most effective reply longation of the agony? Probably the legis­ Since 1910 the Scout program has of­ to criticisms of his rulings in the Senate lative program has not been seriously delayed fered tremendous opportunities "to prac­ filibuster fight. to date by the talkathon, but it cannot long tice the right with satisfaction-to prac­ Mr. JoHNSON came under fire from some continue without holding up the works and tice the wrong with annoyance." Members of the so-called liberal bloc for his wearing down senatorial energy. The time alleged failure to use all his powers as Sen­ appears to be near at hand when the Senate Conditions are constantly present in ate presiding officer to curb filibusters. will have to lay aside its biennial quarrel scouting which enable the boy to tell In reply to this charge, Mr. JoHNSON cited and get on with the business of the session. success from failure. In scouting a unbroken and impressive· precedents dating If it can do this by an agreement to vote youth is thrown in contact with men back to the first years of Congress. He told on the constitutional issue, so much the and older boys whose respect he desires. the Senate that he does not intend to better. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 2063 [From the Washington Post, Feb. 2, 1963} Vice President Calhoun in 1830 and appar­ The opening comments were made by THE Fn.musTER DEBATE ently by all subsequent Vice Presidents who Mr. James F. Kelleher, special assistant have had to confront such issues. When I find myself in general agreement with the question arose in Vice President John to the Postmaster General. Mr. E. C. the conclusion reached in your editorial of Nance Garner's day, he said: Hallbeck, chairman, Government Em­ January 30, that little is to be gained by "It seems to the Chair • • • that this is ployees' Council, made appropriate re­ prolonging the agony of the cloture rule purely a constitutional question; and under marks pertaining to this new stamp is­ debate. the precedents for more than a 100 years, sue, I do question, however, your contention where constitutional questions are involved The main speaker was the Honorable that "If Vice President JOHNSON had ruled as to the right of the Senate to act, the Chair as former Vice President Nixon had indicated J. VAUGHAN GARY, chairman, House Ap­ has universally submitted the question to propriation Subcommittee, Departments he would rule, to the effect that the Senate the Senate." is not a continuing body, the question would In the debate on Monday some of the lib­ of Treasury and Post Office, and·his re­ have been whether a majority of the Senate eral Senators who are trying to induce the marks follow: would sustain him in that view." Senate to disregard its old rules and vote REMARKS BY HON. J. VAUGHAN GARY, OF VIR­ Mr. Nixon said that "until the Senate indi­ on a new rule 22 agreed with the Vice Presi­ GINIA, AT THE AMERICAN FLAG CEREMONY, cates otherwise by its majority vote the Sen­ dent's ruling. Both Senators CLARK and JANUARY 9, 1963 ate is proceeding under the rules adopted HUMPHREY voiced their assent. Senator As chairman of the Appropriations Sub­ previously by the Senate," while adding that HuMPHREY's statement was especially sig­ he believed "a majority of the Senate has a committee which is normally concerned with nificant. "I am not sure," he said, "that I what the Post Office Department spends constitutional right at the beginning of each want to give the Vice President of the United new Congress to determine what rules it each year, it is a refreshing experience for States the power to choke off debate. I me today to participate in this revenue­ desir·es to follow." should like to have the Senate itself face So it seems to me that Mr. Nixon recog­ producing venture-the dedication of the the responsibility." new 5-cent American fiag stamp. nized the continuance, even if provisional, This goes to the nub of the issue. The of the Senate rules. Of course, it also ap­ The Post Office Department is to be con­ power to make rules belongs to the Senate. gratulated for its efforts in this field. Post­ pears that, if he had been a Senator, he Should the Vice President say to the Senate would have voted for the Senate's constitu­ master General Day gave up writing novels that its old rule is unconstitutional and that but he continues to produce best sellers. tional right to close debate on a rules ques­ it may proceed to an immediate vote on the tion, at the beginning of a new Congress by You have used men in space and upside­ making of new rules in disregard of the old down diplomats to sell stamps--and you majority vote. rule, despite the insistence of a substantial have played Santa Claus, to the mailers of Further, Mr. Nixon said that as Presiding group of Senators that the issue be debated the country with a popular Chritsmas issue. Officer he would put the constitutional ques­ ad infinitum? To say the least, such action It looks like you have another big seller tion to the Senate for its decision, after indi­ would amount to an assumption of far­ here today and it is likely to serve a double cating his opinion that it was in order. The reaching power on the part of the Vice Presi­ purpose. It is just possible that the stamp procedure Vice President JoHNSON has fol­ dent. It would be welcomed in this case by we are dedicating will be the sugar coating lowed in 1963 is exactly that indicated by some groups, but in the long run would for the pill some people find the increased Mr. Nixon's opinion: he has submitted it to doubtless be resented and vetoed by the postal rates to be. You have wrapped that the Senate for its decision. He accepted Senate. extra penny of cost on first-class mail in the view of his predecessors, that, as Mr. Incidentally, former Vice President Nixon the Americn fiag and I know of no bet­ Nixon said, "The Chair lacks the power to did not differ from Mr. JOHNSON on this par­ ter way to make it more palatable to the make a decision on a constitutional ques­ ticular issue. While he expressed the view patriotic citizens of this country. tion." that rule 22 unconstitutionally restricts the But I seriously question whether the Since 1803, Presiding Officers have not de­ authority of the Senate to adopt new rules sugar coating is necessary. Reflect for a cided constitutional questions, to be sus­ at the beginning of a session, he went on to moment on the service you can get for a 5- tained or overruled by the Senate itself; say that "under Senate precedents, a ques­ cent stamp. they have instead submitted such questions tion of constitutionality can only be decided You can let your relatives in San Francis­ to the Senate for its independent determina­ by the Senate itself and not by the Chair." co know that you are coming West next tion. In the light of the current debate it may be summer for a 2-week visit. And you can let The suggestion raised in recent debates, assumed that if the Vice President should your other relatives in Texas know that you that the Vice President should "exercise his presume to rule on a constitutional issue, are sorry, but you won't be home when they authority" to close debate and order a vote some of the sponsors of cloture reform would want to visit you. on the matter, is unprecedented and in my vote against him merely to keep the Vice You can drop Casey Stengel a line to let opinion highly dangerous. The Vice Presi­ President in his place. him know that you watched him ~m tele­ dent, a member of the executive branch, The Senate's rejection of the liberal bloc vision and that you think he should have has no such authority in the Senate. As motion yesterday wlll not of course end the taken his pitcher out two innings earlier. Presiding Officer he is empowered to close struggle to devise better means of limiting Or you can write George Marshall and ask debate only when the Senate rules authorize debate in the Senate. But it appears ob­ him when the Redskins are going to get a him to do so, or pursuant to a unanimous vious that sponsors of the reform will now punter-or a team so good it won't have to consent agreement. Together with Senators have to devise a more appealing approach punt. HUMPHREY and McCARTHY I have resisted than trying to induce the Vice President to You can even write your Congressman and the implication that he has authority to assert the prerogatives of the Senate in the tell him what you think of him for voting close debate by arbitrary flat. decision of constitutional issues. to increase postal rates. As a supporter of a more liberal cloture But seriously, the postage stamp is still rule, I believe it is the Senate's responsi­ one of America's best buys. It is encourag­ b111ty to make the rules under which it will ing to note that a country which has almost operate, not the Vice President's. The ques­ Ceremony Introducing the New S-Cent forgotten about a good 5-cent cigar can still tion of a constitutional right to end debate rely on a good 5-cent stamp. by majority vote was placed where it should American Flag Postage Stamp And while the service is costing a penny have been-before the Senate, for its deci­ more this year on first-class mail, the in­ sion. crease is a step toward solving a very real MIKE MANSFIELD, EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF problem-the postal deficit. I am told that Majority Leader, U.S. Senate. the required 5-cent stamp on first-class let­ WASHINGTON. HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI ters will bring in an additional $400 million in the coming year. I understand further [From the Washington Post, Feb. 1, 1963] OF NEW YORK that all of the rate increases will reduce the SENATE RULES IN THE HO'Q'SE OF REPRESENTATIVES annual postal deficit to approximately $250 Much confusion has arisen from the criti­ Thursday, February 7,1963 million. cism of Vice President JoHNSON for refusing This is progress that is particularly pleas­ to rule on the constitutional question im­ Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, on Jan­ ing to the Congress. As I look upon the plicit in the liberal bloc's motion to amend uary 9, 1963, the Government Employ­ colors in this new stamp today, I am mind­ the rules. The Vice President was accused ees Council-AFL-CIO-joined with the ful of my former colleague, the Honorable by Senator JAVITS and others of not exercis­ Post Office Department in sponsoring a Gordon Canfield, who once served as chair­ ing the powers of his office to promote lib­ very impressive stamp ceremony that man of the Appropriations Subcommittee it eralization of the antifilibuster rule. What introduced a new 5-cent American flag is now my privilege to head. Gordon Can­ they were asking the Vice President to do, field was a prime advocate of the multi­ however, was to disregard limitations on his postage stamp. colored stamp program and I know he will be office that have a long history. I was privileged to witness this cere­ proud of this issue today. As early as 1826 the Vice President sub­ mony and, under leave to extend my re­ Let me congratulate you · again on your mitted a constitutional question directly to marks in the RECORD, I wish to include salesmanship. And let me assure you that the Senate. That practice was followed by the program. those of us in the Congress close to your 2064 CONGRESSIONAL 'RnCORD -'SEN:A:TE February 7 operation of the world's largest business Great concern with the President's ' Even if we cannot become too con­ know that in handling close to 70 billion proposal arises from the following state­ cerned for _the. taxpayer, we _ought to pieces of mail a year you are performing a ment in which he recommended a floor: give every consiqeration to the charitable masterful and patriotic service. It is .most on itemized reductions: appropriate that you 'Utilize in this service organization. We ought to be concerned the flag of the United States of America to I, therefore, recommend that itemized de­ when Government takes positive action carry the mail over the land of the free and ductions, which now average about 20 per­ Which dampens incentive of its citizens to the homes of the brave. cent of adjusted gross incomes, be limited to to give of their means and substance to those in excess of 5 percent of the taxpayer's the poor, the sick, the Boy Scouts, the The ceremony was concluded with adjusted gross income. Community Chest, the Heart Fund, and some well-chosen words by the Post­ This recommendation very simply and a host of other organizations dedicated to master General, Hon. J. Edward Day. clearly means that the :first 5 percent of the service· of the community and serv­ itemized deductions on the individual's ice to the less fortunate. The President· tax return will not be deductible, and himself recognized the desirability of itemized deductions will be limited to symphony orchestras, educational insti­ Tax Reform and Reduction those in excess of 5 percent of the tax­ tutions, community chests, and cultural payer's adjusted gross income. This centers, and proposed -that the ceiling EXTENSION OF REMARKS floor under the itemized deductions of on charitable contributions be liberal­ OF individuals will make $2.3 billion avail­ ized. This is :fine for the large contribu­ able for the reduction of individual tax tqr, but the small or moderate contrib­ HON. LAURENCE J. BURTON rates. I suggest that this revenue will utor receives no consolation from the OF UTAH come from churches, schools, boy scout fact that the ceiling on charitable con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES organizations, community chest funds, tribution is lifted from 30 to 40 percent. Thursday, February 7,1963 and other very worthwhile charitable or­ He is much more concerned by the fact ganizations that are forced to rely upon that the first 5 percent of his itemized Mr. BURTON. Mr. Speaker, in the charitable contributions for their oper­ c;leductions will not be deductible. President's special message on tax re­ ating revenue. I am greatly concerned about the in­ duction and reform, he said: I can think of no way in which the dividuals to be affected by the proposed The chief problem confronting our econ­ Federal Government can discourage change, and I am greatly concerned omy in 1963 is its unrealized potential­ charitable contribution more than by about the organizations mentioned here­ slow growth, underinvestment, unused ca­ placing a penalty on contribution itself. pacity and persistent unemployment. The in. These facts and the problems may result is lagging wage, salary and profit in­ The reform proposes that we take $2.3 well have been overlooked by the Pres­ come, smaller take-home pay, insufficient billion away from those who itemize de­ ident and his planners. I hope that this productivity gains, inadequate Federal reve­ ductions and spread it around to those is the case, and I hope that they and nues and persistent budget deficits. who do not. It may very well be true the Congress take a good long look at Of course many ·of us are in agreement that everyone will receive a reduction in the proposal and act in accordance with taxes, but, in many instances, the tax­ the spirit of charity and consideration and many of us feel that something payer who itemizes his deductions will should, in fact, be done. The President for our fellow man, the less fortunate, not receive the same tax cut as his and those organizations that have dedi­ then recommended a tax rate reduction neighbor who does not. The President which would provide a cut in tax liabil­ cated themselves to the service of these indicated in his message that this floor people. ities of some $13.6 billion, and other pro­ will help to simplify the :filing of tax re­ posed adjustments, some of which would turns and that an additional 6% million gain and some of which would lose reve­ taxpayers will no longer itemize their Nelson Award: Great American nue, but would "on balance produce a deductions but will still benefit overall revenue gain of $3.4 billion, leaving a net from the reduced rates and other relief Institution reduction of $10.2 billion.'' measures. The 6% million American The President then went on to tell us taxpayers will no longer itemize deduc­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS be that this loss of revenue would more tions simply because 6% million OP than offset by stimulated business activ­ taxpayers will not :find it to their ad­ ity and increased individual spending. vantage to itemize their deductions and, · HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN Here are his very words: obviously, many of these taxpayers are OF MASSACHUSETl'S Total output and economic growth will be those that make sizable contributions to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stepped up by an amount several times as charities and charitable organizations. great as the tax cut itself. Total incomes In my own State, a reasonably high per­ Thursday, February 7, 1963 will rise--billions of dollars more wm be centage of the total population are Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, the Nils earned each year in profits and wages. members of the Latter-day Saints V. Nelson Award for Sportsmanship was I am not yet convinced that this is, Church, more commonly known as presented January 5 at Boston to Pat in fact, true; I have not yet been con­ Mormons. As such, they are committed Culpepper, great University of Texas verted to the principle that we can cut to a principle of charity known as the football star, for being the player who, taxes, increase spending, and get rich in law of tithing, wherein they contribute by his conduct on and off the gridiron, doing so. Individuals and private busi­ 10 percent of their total income to their demonstrates a high esteem for the foot­ nesses cannot do it and there is serious church, plus other contributions for the ball code and exemplifies sportsmanship doubt in my mind, and in the minds of construction of church houses, the to an outstanding degree. Thus, a nota­ many other Americans, that govern­ maintenance of church buildings, and ble award named for one of Massachu­ ments can. so forth. setts' most famous and beloved sports The purpose of this comment is not to To those of my friends and neighbors heroes and leaders, was conferred upon criticize or take issue with this basic in this category, the proposed tax cut a brilliant, promising, stalwart young proposition, but certainly we are entitled is not, in fact, a very enticing measure, son of Texas, distinguished for his high to some concrete evidence that this bit and the interests of these people and character as a young man and his sense of sophisticated tax planning will work those many other millions of Americans of fairness, skill, and leadership on the in practice as it does in the minds of the who make sizable contributions ought gridiron and in his great university. sophisticated planners. And most cer­ to be protected. Proponents of this plan Established some years ago by the tainly each of us will have to expend a may very well argue that it is not the noted Gridiron Club of Boston in honor lot of time, study, and research before we business of Government to reward those of its outstanding member, its former can take a firm position on the Presi­ who contribute to charities, and that esteemed president, and star Harvard dent's overall tax proposal. Most cer­ the donor is not and should not be moti­ football player, the beloved, and incred­ tainly, any consideration of the tax vated by a concession from his Govern­ ibly magnificent, Swede Nelson, this reduction and reform must be made with ment to induce him to perform his award has taken its place as one _of our a fUll and complete knowledge of the Christian duties and become his brother's Nation's mos_t cherished honors for lofty proposed budget. keeper. sportsmanship and noble character. 1963 <;;ONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 2065 . . . : The code~ of American football is choosing this splendid young man from Corps than the- successful example of something far more than an·. empty the Univ.ef~it;v: of Texas .to re~eive the Jersey City's housirig volunteer ci>rps. :t phrase; ~ethi~g ~~ I_Iio~e t}!a~, s~l!ar N'~l~n. Award. _As his fa!llous coach, am certain th~t . the dedi-'latiQn and perf.onnance. OJl .tne grjdJxon. : It i$. a. set the gifted Darrel Royal: another great spirit of community seryice of. Michael of princiR.les of high honor, .fair dealing Ametican, ·said · of him,· ''I have never Scrudato, Capt. Charles E. Griffin, and clean ·sportsmanship that pertains, known ·a boy who practices the art of Thomas Broderick, Teresa Berghold, not only to playing the game of football, sportsmanship as . Culpepper does. · I Arithony Ambrosio, and -the Reverend but playing the game of life in the best would be happy if my own sons would Earl Greene is shareii by thousands of sense of that term. · emulate him. He has been living like Americans in our great country. And I It is a rigid code in that it calls for ·swede Nelson all his life." am certain that the creation of a domes.:. equrage, 1;oughness, tenacity an~ th~ ~o~ Our State and our people are very tic Peace Corps will enable more Amer­ or":'die spirit. But it. rigorously demands happy that our very distinguished Nel­ icans to serve their country in the same fairness, toleration, and · recognition ·of son Award goes to this fine American unselfish manner. the thesis upon which most of the great boy from Texas this year. Texas and Mr. Speaker, under unanimous con­ achievements of free civilization are Texans are close · to our hearts. Pat· sent I include the following material iri based: That individuals should be judged Culpepper is a credit to his family, the RECORD: on their merits and their true worth, school, State, and country. First, a letter of January 30 from Con.,. rather than.' on the superficial standards . May the Nelson Award which sym­ rad Vuocolo, director, tenant relations, of birth, P<>sition, or material success. bolizes the fine qualities and contribu­ Housing Authority of Jersey City. That is Americanism in perhaps its pur­ tions, high sense of values, and patriot­ Second, a letter of February 1 to Con- ist form-true equality of opportunity ism of the incomparable Swede Nelson rad Vuocolo. · for all. long . continue to inspire American Third, an article, "Housing Volunteer The many-sided, monumental contri­ youth, sustain the cause of good sports... Corps Gives Services in Silence," from butions of Swede Nelson give special dis­ manship, and enrich our great Nation. the February 5 Jersey Journal. · tinction and significance to this award, HOUSING AuTHORITY OF THE because his entire life has been an in­ CrrY OJ' JERSEY CITY' N.J., credible story of unselfish service to Jersey City, N.J., January 30,· 1963. country, community, and very many Jersey City Volunteer Housing Corps a H:on. NEn. GALLAGHER, House of Bepresentatives, great causes. Model for n·o~es6c Peace Corps Washington, D.C. The selection of this fine young man DEAR NEn.: I read with interest .in thfl from Texas, Pat Culpepper, to receive EXTENSION OF REMARKS papers lately o:! your desire to h~v~ - a. the Nelson Award, is another chapter OP Domestic Peace Corps established. We in· American sport that evidences the lleartily approve as the need is great; espe­ universal nature of those qu~lities of ~ON. CORNELIUS E. GALLAGHER ~la.lly with groups llke housing tenants, many character, courage, and talent which OJ' NEW JEilSEJ' o:! whom are senior citizens or broken fam­ provide ready inspiration for those ilies needing help. all IN THE ;HOUSE OF REPRES~NTATIVES · To help us to obtain volunteer community who asp~re and strive by their "own etrorts · Thursday, Feb~uary 7,.1963. . citizen participation we have formed a., to set an example that may weU be fol­ pousing volunteer corps. This group ~ lowed by others, and that w1ll exert ben­ Mr. GALLAGHER: Mr. Speaker, as designed to encourage various individu~la o~ eficial influence upon our youth and sponsor of H.R. 2656, a bill to establish a organizations to aid us in social, wel:!are, upon our way of life. domestic Peace Corps to provide oppor­ recreational, educational, and even rellgloua It has been well said that any game tunities for dedicated American citizens progra.mlng !or our a.unost 14,QOO te~a.;nts: worth playing is worth winning, but it to serve their country, I have been most On Monday next we are honoring the ~harter members o:! our housing volunteer must also be recognized that· any game gratified by the numerous letters of sup­ corps by presenting them cert11lca.tes of must be won fairly and that· out of de­ port I have received from citizens in all parts of the country. . . . . merit for their work. You wm note that feat often come great lessons. ·To be we a.re honoring- the president o:! a. ~~ss sure, defeat is not a substitute for . The enthusiasm for service demon­ manufacturing company !or do~ting each victory. strated by those who have written . me year cloth, thread, a.nd ~a~ria.~ :!Thanksgiving coloring contests. who have cared enough to study advertising Corps who are representing America so well How much time, and effort this required and how it works. But I feel that even ad­ abroad. over the years is indicated by the several vertising's best informed friends too often · As a sponsor of the domestic Peace Corps thousand children who enter each contest. overlook the still more important contribu­ bill, it is my hope and expectation that the Another union leader, Anthony Ambrosio, tion advertising has made toward the un­ successful example of local groups of citi­ business agent of Independent Teamster's derstanding of ideas, concepts, opinions. zens, lik(3 Jersey City's own housing volun­ Local 617 of Jersey City. completes the list. When people talk about advertising, they teer corps, will result in the _creation by the "For the past few years his local has sent usually refer to the selling of products and Congress of a nationwide domestic Peace us more than 1,000 toys for distribution to they too seldom think of advertising's abll1ty children at Christmas," DiFeo said. Corps dedicated to the same unselfish en~s. to promote the understanding of ideas. I also wish to commend Samuel C. DiFeo, "Obviously we can't repay these people," Without these ideas, I believe our n~t.tional board chairman, and Conrad J. Vuocolo, di­ said vuocolo. We can only give them a economy would be far less active, far more rector of tenant relations of the Housing certificate." static, far less healthy. Authority of the City of Jersey City for their "But at least they will know we appreciate We in America have long believed in free important role in creating and guiding the them. And they have their own kind of speech. The right of free speech, however, activities of the housing volunteer corps. satisfaction." · carries with it the obligation to express our opinions, to have something to say. Adver­ The success of the housing authorities' own tising that expresses ideas, that exercises domestic peace corps sustains me in my be­ this right of free speech, is advertising in the llef in the future success of a nationwide public interest. It makes us think. It tells domestic Peace Corps, Television Advertising's Role as a Major us things we should know. It offers us op­ To all of those assembled at the award National Economic Growth Fador­ portunities to debate and question. It keeps ceremonies, I extend my greetings and best us alert and, at the same time, it can act wishes. It is the idealism and dedication Jericho: The Wall Between Us to alert us. of citizens like you which makes our country In the presentation you are about to see great. and which I saw yesterday, there are many Kindest regards. EXTENSION OF REMARKS examples of how manufacturers have ex­ Sincerely, o:r pressed their opinions not only about their CORNELIUS E. GALLAGHER. products or their industries but about their HON. BOB WILSON rights to do business. If you as citizens and [From the Jersey Journal, Feb. 5, 1963) 01' CALIFORNIA as members of our American economy have HousiNG VOLUNTEER CoRPS GIVEs IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES opinions about your freedom to speak and SERVICES IN SILENCE your freedom to grow, then I urge you to Jersey City's Housing Volunteer Corps Thursday, February 7,1963 express them. came out into the open today after years of Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, as Silence may be golden but if there is operating underground. something that needs to be said, silence may Before the domestic Peace Corps was the only present Congressman associated be deadly. Sllence, to government, may too dreamed of in Washington, the six members with the advertising business. it was my often stand for agreement or, even worse, of the Jersey City corps were on the scene, honor to attend the recent Television no opinion. Without your expressed opinion, donating time and money to help the 6,673 Bureau's Washington, D.C., showing of government would find it impossible to act children--and others-in the city's public "Jericho." Under unanimous consent, as you wish government to act. And one way housing. I include my remarks at the showing, to express your opinion to government is by Their services were free, and unpublicized. together with a brief summary of the expressing it to the public because, as you None of the six is directly connected with know, government is the public. public housing. Their activities are known :film, at this point in the RECORD: Advertising and television are exciting pro­ to few--except the children. I would like to express my appreciation for fessions today. I assure you government is But today the housing authority-at cere­ this opportunity to be with you this morn­ too. There is little that can happen today monies in its Newark Avenue offices-made ing. Yesterday I saw an advance print of without the involvement of government, ad­ the volunteer corps an official honorary "Jericho," the presentation you are going to vertising, and television. The working to­ group. see this morning. It is, obviously, aimed gether of these basic ways of moving ahead The ceremonies probably came as a sur­ at manufacturers and advertisers but I be­ will be an important key to the future of all prise to some members. They had helped lieve the basic message is far broader. of us. out with the children because they enjoyed As you know, I am from California. Cali­ "Jericho," today's presentation, has a mes­ it and hadn't thought of themselves as a fornia, like television, is something about sage. I hope that you will have them too. corps at all. which everyone has an opinion, everyone is . And, of course, may I take this opportunity One member is Capt. Charles E. Griffin an expert. However, these opinions about to invite you to visit my fair State of Cali­ of the Jersey City police. California, just like those about television, fornia, to see for yourself that California is "He's been very generous in furnishing are sometimes not quite right, too often re­ :p1ore than sunglasses, although the view is candy for more than 5,000 children who have flect a lack of real knowledge or real under­ certainly rosy. entered various contests the authority has standing on the part of the people. Cali- Thank you. 19U3 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD :.:.:·sENATE 2067

Su~aY-"JERICHO"-THE WALL BETWEEN man ;: fr~m PennSylvam'a, ~NelS ' E. to mention a few of the names, at leaSt, Us · WALTER, at 'the request of the American that are known to every American and This Ia the Television Bureau of Adver­ Security Council because · of "the re­ also some of those who, because of their tising's 1962~3 presentation designed to newed vigor of the communist attack" scholarly writings on the subject of com­ show industry its need to reach the total munism, are recognized not only in this public through advertising. · ori the 'House Committee on Un-Amer- Product manufacturers have long used ad­ ican Activit~es. · , _ · . . country but abroad as outstanding au­ vertising to sell their own product. Now in­ 'I1lis newsletter is, I believe, a most ef­ thorities on the subject: Loyd Wright, gredient product manufacturers are using fective reply to . the article by Mr. Fey former president of the American Bar advertising to sell the products into which and makes it crystal clear · why this Association and former Chairman of the their ingredient goes: steel promotes new House should, ·without question, retain Commission on Government Security; cars made of steel. And more manufacturers the Committee on Un-American Ac­ Dr. Edward Teller, father of the H-bomb; are promoting their entire industry either on tivities. Adm. Arthur W. Radford, former Chair­ their own or through their association In man of the · Joint Chiefs of Staff; Dr. (American Gas Association). comparing these two articles, I ask, The profitablllty of going to the public Mr. Speaker, that my colleagues in the Stefan T. Possony, of the Hoover Insti­ through advertising is best seen by combin­ House consider the relative authority tution on War, Revolution, and Peace, ing Fortune magazine's "Top 500 Corpora­ with which the authors speak and also and former special adviser on strawgic tions" with TVB's "Top 100 National Ad­ the authority of those who are quoted intelligence to the Air Force; Adm. Felix vertisers." Between 1956 and 1961, the top in or endorse these two articles. B. Stump, former commander in chief 500 increased sales by 20 percent but net First, I would like to point out that of the Pacific Fleet, and chief executive profits by only 1 percent. The top adver­ Mr. Fey is not, and never has been, rec­ omcer of the Freedoms Foundation, Val­ tisers who went toward the public but kept ley Forge; Dr. Gerhart Niemeyer, of the their distance by spending less than half ognized here in this country or anywhere their budget in television, had a 13 percent else as an authority on communism and UniversitY' of Notre Dame; Edward An­ increase in sales and a 6 percent increase in how to fight it. To the contrary, al­ sel Mowrer, the well-known authqr, profits. The companies that went closest to though I am certain that he is not in the columnist, and commentator on national the public by spending half or more of their least bit pro-Communist, he has naively and international affairs; and .Dr. Wil­ advertising budget in television had a 44 given ·his support to a number of Com­ liam R. Kintner, of the Foreign Policy percent sales increase and net profits in­ munist fronts. Research Institute of the University of creased 50 percent. · To bolster the position he takes in his Pennsylvania. The era when industry could grow without Mr. involvement with the public has ended. article, Fey quotes two men, Alan I could go on, but I believe the few Growing stockholder lists and increased Barth and Telford Taylor. These two names I have mentioned are suJJlcient to union strength divide corporate control and men, again, are not recognized as au­ convince all Americans where the voice yet corj>orate ·management retains the re­ thorities on communism, and such public of authority, the voice of knowledge, and sponsibility for corporate growth. name as they have is based largely on the voice of America lies on the question This management is learning that what tbe f~ct that they have been outspoken of the Committee on Un-American Ac­ the." public thinks of its company will in­ critics of numerous anti-Commuilist and tivities and whether it should be con­ fluence the sales of its products sometimes security measures taken by the U.S. tinued by this House. more than what. 'the public ~inks of the Government and particularly congres­ The newsletter follows: products themselves. And th~ same manage­ ment 1s finding that television best reaches sional investigations of subversion. To STILL FREEDOM's VoicE the total public to create the total impres­ Mr. Fey names some religious leaders At the direction of Moscow, one of the sion about product, about company. who, he says, have called for abolition most intense Communist drives to destroy There is no one way for corporations to of the committee. Again, not one of the House Committee on Un-American Ac­ use television to help themselves. As today•s these men is recognized as an authority tivities that has ever been waged 1s now in presentation was introduced, there 1s as on communism. On the other hand, re­ full swing. much opportunity for the small, local, or ligious leaders who do have such recog­ Top-ranking Communists from more than regional advertiser to buy television in· keep­ nition, are the authors of well-known ~0 countries met in Lidice, Czechoslova.kla ing with his budget to cover his area as (near Prague), at the end of May 1962, to there is tor the national advertiser to cover books on the subject and famed speakers plan how Communists in various countries the Nation. The problem today is 1lnding on it, have indicated their support of could best destroy their enemies and thus that management that sees the need to ex­ the committee by voluntarily testifying pave the way for a Communist victory. Un­ press its opinions to the total public it serves · before it on various phases of commu­ der the title "Anticommunism, the Enemy apd the appreciation of television as the nism. They are- of Mankind," abridged proceedings of this medium through which to do this. Or. Daniel A. Poling, editor of the 84- gathering have been published in the World year-old Christian Herald, the most Marxist Review, the offtcial world Communist widely circulated interdenominational directive organ published 1n Prague in 18 monthly in. the United States; Bishop languages. To Still Freedom's Voice These proceedings reveal that seven steps Fulton Sheen: Dr. s. AndhU Fineberg, were spelled out at this international Com· community religious consultant of the muntst conference as essential to the victory EXTENSION OF REMARKS American Jewish Committee and direc­ of commun~m in the United States. The 01' tor of its program against communism: fourth reads, in part, as follows: "Abolition and Dr. Charles W. Lowry, chairman and of the House Un-Amerlcan Committee." HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD executive directOr of the Foundation for For months the Communist press and top OJ' PENNSYLVANIA Religious Action in the Social and Civil U.S, party leaders have been exhorting the Order. · party faithful to concentrate on abolition IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES activity. Numerous party fronts have been Thursday, February 7,1963 Numerous other clergymen and re­ thrown into the campaign. Many thousands ligious leaders · have endorsed the work of dollars are being spent. Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, on Janu­ of ·the committee and urged· its con­ ary 29, in the RECORD is an article writ­ tinuance. WHAT IS THE PARrY'S ABOLITION STRATEGY? It is to demand outright abolition of the ten by Harold E. Fey, editor of the Though, as I said before, Mr. Fey is committee by amending the House rules. Christian Century magazine, which gave in no way recognized as an authority on Knowing, however, that there 1s no·posstbll­ reasons why the continued existence of communism, the chairman of the Com­ lty of achieving this at present, the party the House Committee on Un-American mittee on Un:-American Activities,. on the is concentrating on a half-a-loaf strategy. Activities is detrimental to the Nation's other hand, is recognized throughout our It· has ·called for the transfer of the com­ health. Nation as a real authority on the sub· mittee's functions to a subcommittee of the Mr. Speaker, under unanimous con­ lect and how communism should · be Judiciary Committee and, failing that, a sent, I place in the RECORD the text of the fought. large cut in the committee's appropriation. January 31, 1963, newsletter of -the · Moreover, in what he -states in his Eitner move ·would drastically impair _the ~Dunit~'s . opera:tions and, 1;!le.. party bopes, American Security Council, entitled "To articl~. he does not stand· alone. He is pave th~ · way for its complete · destnlctl.on. Still Freedom's Voice." This newsletter, supportec:t--by the distinguished oftlcers, -.- Representatives LDiDsAY anc:i PAJUisTJmr, of as an editor's note on -page 1 ·indicates, members, and consultants of the Ameri., New York, and ROOSJ!:VELT, of California, have was written· by our· distinguished col­ can Security Council. introduced resolutions to transfer the com­ league and chairman of the Co:rmlllttee Who are these men? I will not take mittee's functions to the Judiciary Commit­ on Un-American Activities, the gentle- the time to name them all, but do want tee. 2068 CONGRESSIONAL RECOJ.tp-- ·SENATE February 7 The party is now claiming that, as a result spects and we also feel satisfied that each press. They have been distributed abroad of the thousands of telegra.pl.S and letters it Witness 1s ~corded full protection so far as as weapons in the· battle for men's minds. has caused to be sent to Congressmen and his constitutional or other legal rights are Numerous books on communism, writ~n the personal visits to them by about 100 involved. • • •" by recognized scholars and authorities, refer Communists and fellow travelers who were CONSTITUTIONALITY OJ' THE COMMITTEE AND I!S to, quote from, and base their findings on in Washington on the opening days of the ACTIVITIES committee hearings and reports. new Congress, 84 House Members will vote Abolishing the Committee on Un-American for these resolutions or to oppose the com- Because the Communist Party is so intent Activities--let's face it-means destroying the mittee appropriation. . on destroying the committee, it fights it in every way possible, not only by propaganda agency that has developed more security leg­ The actual record of the committee-as islation, given the Congress more information opposed to the lies about it spread by the and agitation-and even by riots at the com­ about communism, and done more harm to Communists with the help of some not so mittee's hearings-but also in the courts. the Communist Party than any other insti­ highly principled liberals-reveals what will Invariably, the committee's contempt cita­ tions are appealed following conviction. Al­ tution, public or private, in this country. actually be at stake when these questions To do this at a time when world communism come to a vote. though the Supreme Court has upset a num­ ber of these convictions on technicalities strength is at an. allttme high, is suicidal. LEGISLATIVE RECORD (after lower courts had upheld them), it I fully appre<:iate why the Communists, During the years 1941-62, the Committee has repeatedly sustained the constitution­ and Moscow, want to destroy the committee. on Un-Ainerican Activities made 142 legisla­ ality of the committee, its procedures and The so-called liberals, though, have me ut­ tive recommendations to Congress, 98 with­ actions. terly confused. out repetition ( 44 have been repeated to There is no committee of the Congress, FRANCIS E. WALTER, emphasize legislative security gaps and keep· actually, which has had its basic constitu­ Chairman, House Committee on these issues alive until effective legislation tionality so thoroughly tested by the courts Un-American Activities. is enacted) . of this land as has the Committee on Un­ Forty-two of ~he committee's recommenda­ American Activities. tions have been enacted into law. (An in­ WATCHDOG FUNCTION dication of the soundness of the committee's Communist Training School in Cuba recommendations: The last Congress en­ Legislative oversight-keeping a watchful acted 6 b1lls embodying 7 committee recom­ eye on the administration of the law by the mendations, and Members introduced 113 executive branch-is another duty of every EXTENSION OF REMARKS congressional committee. The Committee OF b1lls to implement its recommendations.) on Un-American Activities' recent investi­ The committee has developed information gation of security practices in the National HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY relating to policy rather than legislative Security Agency--our Government's super­ problems. At least 13 of its policy recom­ secret COde and communications arm-fol­ 0:1' INDIANA mendations have been put into practice by lowing the defection of two NSA employees IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the executive branch. to the Soviet Union, demonstrates how it Thursday, February 7, 1963 The American Bar Association's Special has carried out its duties in this field. Committee on Communist Strategy, Tactics, Because of NSA's highly sensitive opera­ Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, in the grow­ and Objectives made the following finding, tions, the committee's hearings were held on July 1, 1960, concerning the committee's ing controversy as to whether long dis­ in 16 secret sessions (a revealing comment tance missiles remain in Cuba, there is legislative activity: on the committee's alleged penchant for "The record of the HCUA and the Senate headline hunting). When its investigation the danger of ignoring a problem which Subcommittee on Internal Security is one of was completed, the NSA Personnel Director is perhaps more important. accomplishments and achievements despite had been fired; the Security Director had · · When President Kennedy negotiated the fact they have been the targets of in­ "resigned"; 26 employees had been dismissed with Khrushchev on the removal of the spired propaganda attacks designed to curb as sex deviates, and 22 reforms in NSA secu­ Russian missiles in October, and early their effectiveness. Continuation of these rity procedures had been instituted. committees is essential to the enactment of November, 1962, there apparently was sound security legislation." THE INFORMING J'UNCI'ION some understanding or agreement be­ tween them about future invasion of THE COMlloUTTEE'S METHODS Revelation, the development of facts (the committee's enemies like to call it "expo­ Cuba. On October 30, Pravda s~ted The committee has actually been a pace­ sure") about conditions affecting the na­ that the United States had agreed to setter for other committees in the field of tional welfare and the related activities of give "guarantee that no aggression will refining and improving congressional com­ certain individuals and groups, is an in­ mittee procedures and practices. evitable side effect of congressional hearings. be made against Cuba by the United As far back as March 1945, at the request This is as our Founding Fathers intended it States or other countries of the Western of the committee, the Brookings Institution to be--so that the Congress would be in­ Hemisphere." in Washington, D.C., published a document formed about matters vitally affecting the I sent a telegram to President Ken­ entitled "Suggested Standards tor Determin­ Nation and could act and vote accordingly. nedy asking, in effect, if such a guaran­ ing Un-American Activities." This study, Almost 4,000 witnesses have testified be­ tee would protect the expansion of Rus­ based on the Constitution, has since been fore the committee dUring the past 25 years. sian communism in CUba. A month used by the committee as a guide to its The overwhelming majority have been Com­ operations and procedures. munist Party members, but the number also later, on November 29, I received a letter The committee was the first House com­ includes top authorities on communism such in reply to that telegram from Frederick mittee to publish rules of procedure (1953). ~s J. Edgar Hoover. Dutton, Assistant Secretary of State, It had followed these rules for several years Information develoJted for the CoLgress. by which stated, among other things: before publishing them. the committee through its investigati~ns Any United States assurance against an During the 84th Congress, the House con­ and hearings has been published in 497 invasion of Cuba will not guarantee commu­ sidered the advisab111ty of authorizing one­ separate volumes, occupying 11 feet of shelf nism against the united action of freemen man subcommittees (as in the Senate). The space. in this hemisphere. counsel of the Committee on Un-American Public demand has been such that over Activities, representing the committee, ar­ 7 million copies of these documents have This answer is vague. It is now com­ gued against the proposal so strongly and been distributed---&nd requests for them are ing to light that there is a situation in effectively before the Rules Subcommittee, increasing. In 1962, the committee distrib­ Cuba which is endangering freedom in that the idea was dropped. uted over 456,000 copies· of its publications, the Western Hemisphere. The Special Committee on Communist an alltime annual high. Secretary of Defense McNamara, Strategy, Tactics, and Objectives of the Alger Hiss, Gerhart Eisler, J. Peters, Harry American Bar Association, after reviewing Dexter White, and Nathan Gregory Silver­ while denying long-distance missiles the committee's hearings some years ago, master are just a few of the many persons are in CUba, admits that there is a build­ stated: whose operations as Soviet spies, Comintern up of crack combat units of the Russian "The congressional committees investi­ agents and infiltrators of high Government Army in Cuba, armed with the most mod­ gating communism, and in particular the posts, have been uncovered by the commit­ ern weapons. He admits that this force House Un-American Activities Committee, tee. Its hearings have destroyed the effec­ of combat troops, in addition to Rus­ have been attacked on the ground that they tiveness of numerous party fronts, intlltra­ sian technicians in CUba, numbers many have engaged in smear campaigns and have tion schemes and united front operations. thousands. Other sources estimate that invaded the constitutional rights of persons Committee documents are used as texts investigated. Your committee is impressed and supplemental reading materials in high there are more than 40,000 of these com­ with the fairness with which hearings be­ schools, colleges and seminars, Government bat troops. This force, also armed with fore that committee have been conducted. agencies, and by foreign governments. They scores of the most modern Russian • • • We are satisfied that the witnesses provide speech mater~al for Government offi­ planes, the Mig-21, is sufficient to have ~ailed to testify before the committee are cials, civic leaders. educators, and clergymen, absolute control of Cuba-even against being treated fairly and properly in all . re- as well as Members of Congress and the Castro. 1963 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-·. SENATE 2069

· Co~unists also have organized, in veloped countries in friendly areas, and way ·in so many foreign lands to help Quba, schools of sabotag~. subyersion, wherever appropriate to· carry out pro­ some foreign nationals. · and revolution. One of the leading in­ grams of assistance through private Some time ag.o, Congress established structors is "Che" Guevara, an expert on channels, including loans under section the SBA to try to help the small business­ guerrilla warfare who recently wrote a 201, to any individual, corporation, or man in this country. book on this subject. At least five Rus­ other body of persons. I think this i;,; an excellent program, sian generals are participating in these As the program is now being operated and on the whole it is being well han­ schools. Thousands of students are be­ there are several AID programs being dled. But I think there is room for ing trained to return to their own coun­ administered which are designed to broadening the base of operations of tries-Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela, Peru, foster and promote private investment. this agency and making funds more and other South and Central American Dollars are available to private bor­ readily available for American business­ countries-to commit sabotage and lead rowers for projects which ·are well men who need adequate financing for revolutions. On the last day of Janu­ conceived. meritorious business projects to get more ary, this school graduated 1,017, each of Investment guaranties are now avail­ substantial assistance in the form of whom is to become an instructor. able in more countries than before and loans. These conditions bring to mind the .there is increased interest on the part I think that the SBA could well be ex­ ominous statement and prophecy made of U.S. business. panded to operate somewhat like AID more than 1& years ago by Stanley Miko­ Guaranties are now being issued for does in making surveys of our depressed lajczyk, ex-Premier of Poland. He said Colombia, and will be available in Argen­ areas, to ascertain the needs and then of Russian communism: tina and Venezuela. move to try to assist in the economic In Russia. today men and women of every The investment survey program under rehabilitation and revival of many areas nation are now being trained and schooled which the Government shares the cost in the Nation where there is distress, un­ for the day when they will return to their with potential investors who wish to employment, and hardship; where the native lands, which they know so intimately, explore investment opportunities has al­ economy needs a decided lift. . to rule under direct command from Moscow. ready resulted in getting American in­ Notwithstanding our high gross na­ Stalin trains Frenchmen to rule France, Ital­ dustry to take a look at potential inv~st­ tional product, and the general prosper­ ians to rule Italy, Englishmen to rule Eng­ ments which they would not otherwise ity which the Nation is experiencing, land, Latins to rule the La. tin countries, Japa­ explore in Turkey, Pakistan, the Philip­ nese to rule Japan, Chinese to rule China., the position and condition of small busi­ Indians to rule India, blacks to rule blacks, pines, and Colombia. Many more survey ness in many areas is not especially and Americans to rule America. grants are being made. favorable. To the contrary, it is very In some key countries the 104(e) unfavorable. Thus Russia has planted in Cuba a Cooley loan program is expected to pro­ Small business' share of the gross na­ vicious school of Communist revolution, vide a useful source of local currency tional product is steadily and sharply training Mexicans to destroy freedom financing for sound private undertak­ diminishing. and rule in Mexico, Peruvians in Peru, ings. Its dominant position of a few years Brazilians ·in Brazil, Haitians in Haiti, Local enterprises, as well as govern­ ago in employment and business volume NicaragUans in Nicaragua, just as the ment, are being encouraged to make full has been reversed in favor of big -busi­ Polish Premier said, except that this use of the development banks, many of ness. It is showing steady decline school is conducted within 90 miles of the which this Government has financed. in vitality, strength and relative United States. All these AID programs are being given importance. Not only does this vicious and secretive increased emphasis, and the Office of While it is the cornerstone of our free Communist attack on our free neighbors Development Finance and Private En- . enterprise institutions, the most fruitful of Latin America threaten Western free­ terprise, headed by Mr. Seymour M. climate for the exercise of initiative, dom, but allowing this school to operate Peyser, Assistant Administrator, pro­ imagination, creative managerial skills, under our implied protection wrecks the vides a much needed. contact point for business acumen, and opportunity for confidence and faith in the United States AID with the U.S. business community. those eager to advance their station in as the leader of the free world. Perhaps In Secretary Rusk's letter to an am­ life in accordance with American tradi­ we are spending an undue amount of bassadors he stressed their role and that tions, small business has been steadily time worrying about missiles in Cuba and of all senior officers to give maximum losing its place in the performance of not enough time worrying about the sub­ impetus to the national export drive. these functions. · versive threat which can be far more Thus it appears under AID and re­ If the present rate of its decline should dangerous to the free ·world. lated programs that ~his NatiQn is mov­ continue over the period of the next 10 The President is aware of this threat. il)g along a broad front to spark develop­ or 15 years there will be to all intents Under our Constitution the President is ment of underdeveloped nations, not and purposes little remaining of the the one who must assume leadership and onlY by direct grants, but by utilizing great structure of small business in this take the appropriate action. American private business units sup­ country that in the past has given so ported by Government assistance and much impetus to our free enterprise loans to make investments in these system and free way of life. AID Program for Small Business countries. I have no desire at this time to present Vigorous efforts have also been made the mass of available figures and statis­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS to spur the export drive-so-called. tics, charts, and economic indicators I think there are some areas where that would completely support the state­ Oll' this type of aid can be helpful, if prop­ ments I have made concerning the HON. PHILIP J. PHILBIN erly directed, and others where it might alarming decline of small business in our OF MASSACHUSETTS well be wasted, regardless of the pains times. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taken to put it on some sound basis. The thesis that I have advanced is That must remain, however, for admin­ readily discernible in almost ·every com­ Thursday, February 7,1963 istrative decjsion, since Congress cannot munity as wen' as in the statistics, and I Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, it is very directly administer the law. think that this Congress must take note interesting to note that our Agency for On the other hand, it would be very of the serious plight of the small busi­ International Development missions helpful at this time when the dollar gap nessman today and do something to try have been requested to stress, wherever is still giving us such concern, and when to help small business recover its impor­ appropriate, the role that investment, there are several areas in our own coun.:. tant key place in the American economic both private and public, can play in the try that are economically depressed, and system. · development of foreign nations where where many peopl~ in this country are Tlle ·Congress . has repeatedly taken this program is operating: living under substandard living condi­ note of the need for assisting small busi­ Congress laid down policy directing tions, where the .Government might in­ ness, not only in the legislative field, but this Agency to make arrangements to augurate programs for many resident by the creation of our Select Committee find and draw the attention·of appropri­ American people, beset by unemploy­ on Small Business, which has been so ate enterprise to opportunities for in­ ment and depressed industrial condi­ ably led in the past by the esteemed gen­ vestment and development in less de- tions, similar to those which are under- tleman from Texas, my good and able 2070 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE February 11 friend and colleague, Congressman businessmen to secure adequate financ­ The American people want to retain WRIGHT PATMAN, WhO together with his ing when their business is being emcient­ our free enterprise institutions, but if committee has made some great con­ Iy conducted, their projects are sound we would retain them we must do our tributions in bringing the distressing and meritorius, and there is a reasonable part to protect and preserve them against conditions of small business to the at­ expectation that regular loans will be the obviously injurious conditions and tention of Congress and the country and repaid. effects from which they are now suffer­ seeking redress and consideration. Small business has never looked for ing. But I think we must move along a charity and is not looking for charity In a word, the Congress and the Ameri­ much broader front, starting now, and now. It does not need charity to suc­ can people must awaken to the dan­ going into future years, by expanding ceed. gers of socialism and Ct'mmunism and the operations of SBA and cooperating It can succeed if it is given a fair op­ move speedily to avert them, if it is our agencies of the Government to strength­ portunity to do so. It needs to be free real purpose to retain our free enterprise en and revitalize the entire small busi­ of discriminations and it needs to be system which has been responsible for ness structure. put in a position where it can compete our great progress as a nation and the It seems to me that if we can afford to fairly and equally with big business, and high standards of living, of prosperity, spend billions to develop business in un­ not be ground underfoot by huge corpo­ and general happiness that this Nation derdeveloped countries, that we should rate aggregations that are so strong, that has achieved. have no hesitancy about providing such they can secure many advantages in the As we view these dangers of socialism sums as are needed, as promptly as we production, distribution, and marketing and communism and spur ourselves to can, to rescue and resuscitate, revive, and of goods that are not given to smaller greater efforts to preserve our great, firmly reestablish the small business sys­ producers or smaller business people. free system, it might be relevant for us tem of the Nation's economy, so that we America needs every legitimate busi­ to recall the way a New York teacher may give new life and new opportunity ness, big and small, operated under our once illustrated communism to his class. to small business people and all those free system, and not by the Government. "I want to show you the way communism If Congress continues to remain inert fellow citizens of ours who may be and inactive in the face of this great works," he said. "John, you secured an prompted to select their careers in this average mark of 95 percent; Dick, your field, but who are now dissuaded, dis­ threat to small business and allows it to be dissolved and liquidated by the mark was 55 percent. I will now equalize couraged, and disheartened by the con­ pressure of big business, big combines, your marks, taking 20 points from John's tinuing retrogression and decline of the corporate trusts, and great monopolies, and adding 20 points to Dick's. This small business unit in this country. the time will come when there will be will give you both 75. It will also mean Various measures have been taken in no small business in this country. that John's initiative will be taken away the past to help small business, but these When that time comes, the day of and he will not be encouraged to work, must be reinvigorated and more substan­ socialism will be at hand, because when tially supported, I must repeat. and Dick will realize that he has gotten that time comes, the people will make something for nothing and doesn't have Small business needs special tax relief such insistent, economic demands upon to enable it to plow back its profits into to work anyway. The net result will be remaining big business units that they that neither boy will work." When that business in the form of such measures cannot possibly meet them and still re­ as I have proposed heretofore and which happens in the economic system the eco­ main solvent. nomic system will collapse, because it is have not been on the whole favorably At that time the day of Government considered. It needs a large share of ownership will arrive, and first social­ only work that can sustain any system or government procurement. Apart from ism, and then probably communism, will any nation. that which is provided for industries in take over the American economic system, I think that we all might well keep in labor surplus areas there should be def­ and eliminate both the profit motive and mind this illustration as we col!template inite set-asides of government procure­ private ownership. the needs and problems of small business ment for small business, and as is the None of us wants to see that happen, and make up our minds to move as fast case in our foreign investment practices though there are those who are surrep­ as we can to assist it, before we are no there should be better measures for small titiously working for it. longer able to do so.

his birthright, arouse and stir us from HEALTH PROGRAM - MESSAGE SENATE our selfish love of comfort and the FROM THE PRESIDENT