SENATE 673 Is the Proposed Amendment Necessary? COLLECTOR of CUSTOMS MESSAGE from the HOUSE-EN- Have Scared 9 Per- Bligh A

1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 673 Is the proposed amendment necessary? COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE-EN- have scared 9 per- Bligh A. Dodds, of New York, to be col- ROLLED BILLS SIGNED Well, its proponents lector of customs for customs collection dis- cent, they say, of those who had heard A message from the House of Repre- saying, "Yes." trict No. 7, with headquarters at Ogdens- something about it, into burg, N. Y., to which sentatives, by Mr. Bartlett, its reading the fun- office he was appointed That is, that we should change during the last recess of the Senate. clerk, announced that the Speaker had law-not statute law, damental, basic IN THE ARMY affixed his signature to the following en- but the Constitution of the United rolled bills, and they were signed by the some 9 percent of the Brig. Gen. Eugene Mead Caffey, 09329, States-because Army of the United States (colonel, U. S. Vice President: folks feel it should be done. To me, Mr. serious Army), for appointment as The Judge Ad- S.2474. An act to authorize the coinage president, it is an exceedingly vocate General of the Army, and as major of 50-cent pieces to commemorate the ter- thing. general, Judge Advocate General's Corps, centennial of the foundation of the city of I remember that the Founding Fathers Regular Army, and major general (tempo- New York; struggled over this problem. There are rary), Army of the United States, under the H. R. 1917. An act to authorize the coin- those who want to make this a nation of provisions of sections 206 and 308, Army Or- age of 50-cent pieces to commemorate the 48 nations. Not I. I am a Senator of ganization Act of 1950 (64 Stat. 267, 270; 10 sesquicentennial of the Louisiana Purchase; U. S. C. 21f, 61-1); section and the United States of America, even 249, Universal in part, the State of Military Training and Service Act (62 Stat. H. R. 6665. An act to amend the Agricul- though I represent, 643; 10 U. S. C. 61a); and sections 513 tural Adjustment civil war was and Act of 1938, as amended. Wisconsin. A great 515 (c), Officer Personnel Act of 1947 (61 fought to determine whether this Nation Stat. 901, 907; 10 U. S. C. 559g, 506d (c)). should be indivisible. COMMITTEE MEETING DURING If the camel's nose is allowed under SENATE SESSION the tent, to permit a return to the concept of yesteryears, we will be doing what SENATE On request of Mr. HICKENLOOPER, and a great constitutional lawyer said would by unanimous consent, the Senate mem- be done: we will be committing mayhem MONDAY, JANUARY 25, 1954 bers of the Joint Committee on Atomic upon the Constitution. Mr. President, Energy were authorized to meet with the I am not for that step. (Legislative day of Friday, January22, full joint committee during the session 1954) of the Senate tomorrow.

RECESS UNTIL MONDAY The Senate met in executive session at 12 o'clock meridian. ORDER FOR TRANSACTION OF Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown ROUTINE BUSINESS pursuant to the order previously entered Harris, D. D., offered the following as in Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I into, I now move that the Senate, prayer: ask unanimous consent that immediately executive session, recess until Monday following the quorum call next. SAlmighty God, whose loving kindness there may be to; and (at 4 and tender mercies fail never, and whose the customary morning hour for the The motion was agreed transaction of routine business as in o'clock and 52 minutes p. m.) the Sen- fatherly compassion reaches unto the ends of the earth: We come with bowed legislative session, under the usual 2- ate, as in executive session, took a recess, minute limitation on speeches. the recess being, under the order previ- and reverent hearts at this new dawn January of opportunity asking that our attitudes The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob- ously entered, until Monday, jection, it is so ordered. 25, 1954, at 12 o'clock meridian. toward each other and toward all men may become the ministers of purity and goodness, of brotherhood and peace. LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM AND ROLL- NOMINATIONS We thank Thee for this wayside shrine, CALL apart from the clamor of the world, into Executive nominations received by whose holy precincts no controversy Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, be- the Senate January 22, 1954: penetrates and where no unworthy rival- fore suggesting the absence of a quorum, DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE ries can live within its gates of peace. I should like to say that following the Whiting Wlllauer, of Massachusetts, to be As we become strangely aware, with all transaction of routine business, when Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipoten- other voices hushed, that together we the Senate reverts to executive session, tiary of the United States of America to the share our sense of the unseen and eter- it will be my intention to ask the Senate Republic of Honduras. nal, may we be filled with the spirit that first to take up the nominations on the DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE makes for unity of purpose amid all the Executive Calendar, which is on the desk Simon E. Sobeloff, of Maryland, to be So- diversities of our thought. of each Senator; that following action licitor General of the United States, vice And now, as the week's problems wait on the nominations, the Senate then pro- Philip B. Perlman, resigned. with their demanding insistency, we pray ceed to the consideration of the Korean DEPARTMENTOF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND that Thou wilt restrain in us every im- Treaty, which is on the Executive Cal- WELFARE petuous temper, all ungenerous judg- endar, and continue the consideration of Roswell Burchard Perkins, of New York, ments, all presumptuous claims, all the treaty today and if necessary into to be Assistant Secretary of Health, Educa- promptings of self-assertion. Grant us tomorrow, until action on the treaty has tion, and Welfare. the will to contribute our own spirit and been had. It will then be my intention to influence to remove misunderstanding move that the Senate revert to legisla- NATIONAL MEDIATION BOARD tive session, in which the business will be Robert 0. Boyd, of Oregon, to be a mem- and suspicion, as we toil and pray for Thy kingdom's coming among all men. the consideration of Senate Joint Reso- ber of the National Mediation Board for the the Con- term expiring February 1, 1957. (Reap- We ask it in the dear Redeemer's name. lution 1, the proposal to amend pointment.) Amen. stitution. Mr. IVES. Mr. President, will the UNITED STATES ATTORNEY Senator from California yield? Maurice Paul Bois, of New Hampshire, THE JOURNAL Mr. KNOWLAND. I yield to the Sen- to be United States attorney for the district On request of Mr. KNOWLAND, and by of New Hampshire, vice John J. Sheehan, ator from New York. resigned. unanimous consent, the reading of the Mr. IVES. Is it the intention of the Journal of the proceedings of Friday, majority leader to have night sessions UNrrED STATES MARSHALS January 22, 1954, was dispensed with. this week? Dewey Howard Perry, of Vermont, to be Mr. KNOWLAND. I intend to consult United States marshal for the district of further with the minority leader, but I Vermont, vice Edward L. Burke, whose term MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT expires February 10, 1954. will say to the distinguished Senator Edward John Petitbon, of Louisiana, to be Messages in writing from the Presi- from New York that it is my present in- United States marshal for the eastern dis- dent of the United States were commu- tention to have the Senate move along trict of Louisiana, vice Louis F. Knop, Jr., nicated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one with the normal daily sessions this week, term expired. of his secretaries. without night sessions, but that if the C--43 674 CO]NGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENA TE January 25 debate goes over into next week, I should CONTRIBUTION TO WORLD HEALTH Whereas the ceiling of $3 million per year like to have Senators prepared to hold ORGANIZATION-RESOLUTION OF fixed by the Congress as the total amount our country may contribute evening sessions. I would not expect to AMERICAN ACADEMY OF TROPI- does not now permit a logical expansion of WHO's activl- ask the Senate to run to any late hour, CAL MEDICINE ties required by its increased responsibilities propose that we proceed as we but would Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, we are all Therefore be It did last Wednesday night and sit until Resolved, That the American Academy oi familiar with the reputation of the World perhaps 8 or 9 o'clock. Tropical Medicine and the American Society Health Organization. In 6 years of ef- Mr. President, I now suggest the ab- of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene urge the fective operation throughout the free sence of a quorum. Congress of the United States to raise the world, WHO has stimulated and en- statutory limitation placed The Secre- upon our finan. The VICE PRESIDENT. couraged the improvement of public cial participation; and be it further tary will call the roll. health and the control of communicable Resolved, That the secretaries of these re. The Chief Clerk proceeded to call the diseases. Its work is important to Amer- spective organizations be instructed to trans. mit copies roll. icans because, among other reasons, of this resolution to the Congress Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I and to other interested organizations and many of our boys in the Armed Forces individuals ask unanimous consent that the order and to inform the press about must serve in disease-ridden countries and to otherwise publicize this resolution to for the call of the roll be rescinded, abroad. the fullest extent feaslble. and that further proceedings under the I know that many of my colleagues call be dispensed with. have received from the American Acad- The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob- emy of Tropical Medicine a copy of its PAYMENT OF GOVERNMENT'S jection, it is so ordered. resolution urging consideration of a larg- SHARE OF OLD-AGE ASSISTANCE er United States contribution to the DIRECT TO PERSONS 65 YEARS OF World Health Organization. This con- AGE AND OLDER--STATEMENT REPORT OF NATIONAL ADVISORY tribution is now limited to $3 million a AND RESOLUTION COMMITTEE FOR AERONAU- year. Certainly the American Academy Mr. HUMPHREY. Medicine, with its headquar- Mr. President, I TICS-MESSAGE FROM THE PRES- of Tropical ask unanimous consent that a statement ters in Puerto Rico, is in a strong posi- IDENT (S. DOC. NO. 79) and a resolution tion to see the immediate benefit from adopted by the Lake The VICE PRESIDENT laid before County WHO operation in that malaria-ridden Board of Commissioners, in sup- following message from port of a the Senate the part of the world. plan for the payment of the Federal the President of the United States, I ask unanimous consent to have print- Government's share of old-age assistance which was read and, with the accom- ed in the RECORD the resolution of the directly to every person of the age panying report, referred to the Commit- American Academy of Tropical Medicine of 65 and over, be printed in the tee on Armed Services: in order to call the attention of the Con- RECORD and appropriately referred. There gress to this vital work. being no objection, the state. of the United States: ment To the Congress There being no objection, the resolu- and resolution were referred to In compliance with the provisions of tion was referred to the Committee on the Committee on Finance and ordered to the act of March 3, 1915, as amended, Foreign Relations and ordered to be be printed in the RECORD, as follows: establishing the National Advisory Com- printed in the RECORD, as follows: STATEMENT BY LAKE COUNTY BOARDOF mittee for Aeronautics, I transmit here- COMMISSIONERS 39th annual report of the com- Whereas the experience of the 20th cen- with the tury has shown that good public health in Now the Government gives as much as $35 mittee covering the fiscal year 1953. any country contributes enormously to the a month to the States for certain old people. DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER. growth of agriculture, Industry, and overseas Would it not be fairer to give $35 direct to THE WHITE HOUSE, January 25, 1954. trade and to political and social progress; every old person of 65, who applied for it? and Of course, there should be a limit on their Whereas the eventr of the past 50 years other income, but make it so high, at least have repeatedly demonstrated the deleterious $200 a month, so as to keep administrative EXECUTIVE COMMUNCATIONS, ETC. costs to a minimum. effects upon the United States of under- The VICE PRESIDENT laid before development and of political and social in- Of course, those who need more would get it the Senate the following letters, which stability in other parts of the world; and from the States, as they do now, but the Federal Government would not pay anything Whereas the national security of the were referred as indicated: to the States for old-age pensions, except for United States depends to an increasing ex- REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION AND special services, such as for the blind, for tent upon basic materials imported from EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE PROGRAM medical care, and to medical institutions. underdeveloped and often disease-ridden We know $35 a month is not an adequate A letter from the Secretary of State, trans- tropical countries; and mitting, pursuant to law, a report on the pension in itself, but is rather to supplement Whereas the vastly increased volume and International Information and Educational other present income. Besides, we would speed of intercommunication between the Exchange Program, for the period January rather have $35 a month now than a larger United States and the Tropics have greatly amount after we're dead. 1 through June 30, 1953 (with an accom- augmented the potential danger which tropi- The applications could be made through panying report); to the Committee on For- cal disease presents to our country; and eign Relations. the post office, with the applicant paying a Whereas throughout the world today our small sum, say 50 cents to the postmaster, AMENDMENT OF COMMUNICATIONS ACT RELAT- country has political and defense commit- as the postmaster should not have to do more ING TO PROTESTS OF GRANTS OF INSTRUMENTS ments which make it necessary for the United for free than he is now. OF AUTHORIZATION WITHOUT HEARING States to deploy its Armed Forces to many A letter from the Chairman, Federal Com- regions and, therefore, to maintain a practi- munications Commission, Washington, D. C., cal interest in reducing the incidence of com- Mrs. John LeClair again appeared before transmitting a draft of proposed legislation municable disease in many overseas areas; the county board regarding a plan for the to amend the Communications Act in re- and payment of an amount equal to the Federal gard to protests of grants of instruments Whereas the World Health Organization Government's share of old-age assistance of authorization without hearing (with an over a period of 6 years has conclusively directly to every person of the age of 65 years accompanying paper); to the Committee on demonstrated that it is a unique and effective and over, with reservation as to income. Interstate and Foreign Commerce. international agency welcomed throughout Resolved, That this board of county com- the free world for its help in stimulating, missioners hereby endorses the plan pre- coordinating, and assisting the development sented by Mrs. John LeClair; be it further of public health and the control of commu- Resolved, That copies of the plan and this PETITION nicable diseases; and resolution be forwarded to Senator THYE, The VICE PRESIDENT laid before Whereas there is no doubt that the United Senator HUMPHREY, and Representative the Senate a resolution adopted by the States is materially and politically deriving BLATNIK. City Council of the City of Chicago, Ill., great benefit from the success of the World Commissioner Houle moved the adoption and the same was favoring the enactment of House bill Health Organization in developing public of the foregoing resolution health in many countries with which we declared adopted upon the following vote: 2344, providing for a salary adjustment trade, in accelerating the control of such Yeas-Houle, Degerstedt, Wilklund, Sand- for post-office employees, which was re- tropical diseases as malaria, and in lessening strom, and Strom. Total yeas, five. Nays, ferred to the Committee on Post Office the chance of an invasion of the United none. and Civil Service. States by disease-producing parasites; and Adopted January 5, 1954. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE 675

risdiction over our nationals. These con- STATEOF MINNESOTA, of the league urging my opposition to County of Lake, ss. the Bricker amendment, be printed in tentions are unjustified. The association I, Paul W. Nelson, auditor of Lake County, the RECORD and appropriately referred. challenges anyone to point out such provisions in these treaties. Minn., do hereby certify that I have com- There being no objection, the letter 3. The association heartily commends Sen- pared the foregoing resolution with the origi- was ordered to lie on the table and to be ator HUBERT H. HUMPHREY'S nal filed in my office on the 5th day of Janu- vigorous and in- and printed in the RECORD, as follows: formed comments In opposition to the pro- ary, 1954, and that the same is a true posed amendment. It hereby authorizes correct copy of the whole thereof. LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS Witness my hand and seal of office at Two OF MINNESOTA, the president to appoint a committee to 1954. wait upon Senator EDWARD Harbors, Minn., this 15th day of January Minneapolis, Minn., January16, 1954. J. THYE in order PAUL W. NELSON, Hon. HUBERT H. HUMPHREY, to represent to him the urgent necessity for Auditor, Lake County, Minn. United States Senate, his support In the fight against the amend- Washington, D. C. ment. DEAR SENATOR HUMPHREY: The League of RULES OF PROCEDURE- Women Voters UNIFORM of Minnesota respectfully REPORTS OF COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTION OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS urges your opposition to the proposed Bricker amendment GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS COMMITTEE OF THE MINNEAPO- on the grounds: That it is not necessary. LIS (MINN.) YWCA Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, That it would disturb the division of from the Committee on Government Op- I powers between the executive and legislative Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, erations, I submit three reports made unanimous consent that a resolution branches of our Government, which our ask Founding Fathers wisely placed in our Con- by its Permanent Subcommittee on In- adopted by the public affairs committee vestigations. In at their Jan- stitution. submitting the reports, of the Minneapolis YWCA That it would greatly impede the conduct I will state that, while the committee adop- uary meeting this year, urging the of our foreign affairs and treaty obligations, authorized me to submit the reports, tion of uniform rules of procedure, be which rightly belong in the hands of the some of the members of the committee printed in the RECORD and appropriately Federal Government, with the result that it desired to make it clear that submitting referred. would constitute a very grave threat to the security of the United States, as well as seri- the reports does not necessarily mean There being no objection, the resolu- that they approve of the contents of Committee on ously handicap the United States in its position was referred to the tion of leadership in the struggle for world the reports. Rules and Administration and ordered to peace and freedom. The VICE PRESIDENT. The reports be printed in the RECORD, as follows: We sincerely hope you will vote against submitted by the Senator from Wiscon- YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN this dangerous proposal. sin will be received and printed. AssOCIATION OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., Respectfully yours, The reports submitted by Mr. Mc- Minneapolis, Minn., January18, 1954. Mrs. BASIL YOUNG, President. CARTHY are as follows: lion. HUBERT H. HUMPHREY, Report United States Senate, Washington, D. C. on State Department Informa- MY DEAR SENATOR: The following is the tion Program-Information Centers text of a resolution passed by the public THE BRICKER AMENDMENT-RESO- (Rept. No. 879); affairs committee of the Minneapolis YWCA LUTION OF MINNESOTA UNITED Report on Waste and Mismanagement in their January meeting: NATIONS ASSOCIATION in Voice of America Engineering Proj- "Whereas, under the present procedures Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I ects (Rept. No. 880) ; and practiced by some of the congressional in- Annual Report of the Committee on irreparable damages ask unanimous consent that a resolution vestigating committees, Government Operations (Rept. and injustices are suffered by American in- adopted by the Minnesota United Na- No. 881). dividuals, their families, and associates, all tions Association on December 1, 1953, in contrary to the protection guaranteed them opposition to the Bricker amendment, be by our United States Constitution: and ENROLLED BILL PRESENTED "Whereas, there is a great need for the printed in the RECORD and appropriately referred. The Secretary of the Senate reported adoption of uniform rules of procedure by that on today, January 25, 1954, he pre- all of our congressional investigating com- There being no objection, the resolu- mittees to correct abuses violating our action was ordered to lie on the table and sented to the President of the United customed legal guaranties and procedures: to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: States the enrolled bill (S. 2474) to au- therefore, be it thorize the coinage of 50-cent pieces to Now, 1. The association reaffirms its opposition "Resolved, That we, the members of the to the Bricker amendment expressed in the commemorate the tercentennial of the public affairs committee of the Minneapolis resolution approved at its annual meeting foundation of the city of New York. YWCA urge our congressional delegation to of May 5, 1953. It considers that the attempt support actively legislation providing for to confine the exercise of the treaty power such uniform rules of procedure, or to In- within BILLS INTRODUCED itiate same, if necessary." for practical purposes to subjects the delegated legislative powers of the Na- Bills were introduced, read the first The public affairs committee is made up tional Government would subject the for- of 21 YWCA members representing various time and, by unanimous consent, the eign policy of the United States to the spe- departments of the YWCA and the com- second time, and referred as follows: cial interests and arbitrary attitudes of one munity at large. They are home women, or a few States, since legislative Implementa- By Mr. HOEY: business and professional women from broad tion by all would be required to give domes- S. 2805. A bill for the relief of Der Chuck ranges of age and affiliations. Actions such tic effect to treaties affecting matters within Yee and Wu Mel On; and as this resolution are taken after studying the reserved legislative powers of States. S. 2806. A bil: for the relief of Mohammad the pros and cons of the problem. Many such matters are of broad national Hamad Faris (Fares); to the Committee on As you are one of our elected Senators, concern, requiring use of the Judiciary. we are vitally interested in your considera- and international the treaty power. By Mr. SMITH of New Jersey: tion of this matter. It is my privilege to 2. In particular the association deplores S. 2807. A bill for the relief of Theresia convey to you this resolution, and these which such limitations might Probst Uhl; to the Committee on the Ju- pertinent facts. the effect have upon effective collaboration by the diciary. Yours very truly, United States in a number of constructive By Mr. CLEMENTS: MARIAN DEININGER, conventions proposed by or- S. 2808. A bill to provide for the construc- Chairman,Public Affairs Committee, international gans of the United Nations. The Judiciary tion of certain reservoirs on the Kentucky Minneapolis YWCA. Committee of the Senate has wisely elimi- and Big Sandy Rivers so as to provide a nated a sweeping and ambiguous section of year-round supply of industrial water, and THE BRICKER AMENDMENT-LET- the original Bricker resolution which would for other purposes; to the Committee on Public Works. TER FROM PRESIDENT, LEAGUE have prohibited all treaties permitting international organizations to "supervise, con- By Mr. CASE: OF WOMEN VOTERS, MINNE- trol, or adjudicate rights of citizens of the S. 2809. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Charles APOLIS, MINN. United States within the United States." W. McClelland, Jr.; to the Committee on the Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, Nevertheless supporters of the amendment Judiciary. I continue to assert in support of their posi- By Mr. CORDON: ask unanimous consent that a letter S. 2810. A bill to authorize the construc- dated tion that the Genocide Convention, the pro- January 16, 1954, addressed to posed convenants on human rights, and tion and maintenance of certain harbor imme by the president of the League of other treaties sponsored by the United Na- provements at Gold Beach, Oreg.; to the Women Voters of Minnesota, in behalf tions would permit it to exercise direct ju- Committee on Public Works. 676 COrNGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25 By Mr. YOUNG: SINGLE PACKAGE APPROPRIATION other department by the amount of the S. 2811. A bill to authorize enrolled mem- BILL increase he sought. bers of the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Should the Congress adopt ac- of Colorado. Mr. Pres- this method Fort Berthold Reservation, N. Dak., to Mr. JOHNSON of voting appropriations, trust Interests In tribal lands of the ident, I introduce for appropriate refer- I am certain quire that the Bureau of the reservation, and for other purposes; to the ence my annual single package stream- Budget would fall in line and make its overall recom. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. lined appropriation bill for fiscal year return mendations in percentages S.2812. A bill to provide for the ending June 30, 1955. of the total to the former Indian owners and their suc- appropriations requested You will recall that the key under my and that would cessors in interest of certain lands acquired be a tremendous step plan is the total of all appropriations forward toward in connection with the Garrison Dam and simplicity of handling the country's Reservoir project of all oil and gas rights which are to be made for the support of finances. in such lands; to the Commit- the Government for the year. This total and interests The Bureau of the Budget, tee on Public Works. a function represents 100 percent of all appropria- of the executive department, By Mr. McCARTHY: to be made and so every item in the is au- tions thorized and directed by Congress S. 2813. A bill to provide for a per capita bill is stated as a percentage of this over- to tribal funds and control the expenditures of distribution of Menominee al:total. each depart. authorize the withdrawal of the Menominee ment except legislative and judicial ap. This method is in keeping with the Tribe from Federal jurisdiction; to the Com- propriations and the regulatory Com. Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs. missions which are arms of the section 138 (a), which is the statutory Congress, By Mr. BRICKER (by request): and, therefore, should not section 4153 of the be placed S. 2814. A bill to amend law governing appropriations, and that under the direction Statutes, as amended, and for other of the executive Revised reads as follows: department. purposes; LEGISLATIVE BUDGET S. 2815. A bill to amend the definition of It will be noted that my streamlined "airman" in the Civil Aeronautics Act of SEC. 138. (a) The Committee on Ways and bill uses only 3 pages as against 300 Pages 1938, and for other purposes; Means and the Committee on Appropriations of the usual annual appropriation bills of the House S. 2816. A bill to amend section 610 (a) of Representatives, and the and yet it gives everyone a much better of the Civil Aeronautics Act of 1938, as Committee on Finance, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, or duly au- picture of the fiscal policies of the Na. amended, to provide for the imposition of tion and the relative costs of each func. civil penalties in certain additional cases, thorized subcommittees thereof, are authorized tion of Government to every other and for other purposes; and directed to meet jointly at the be- S. 2817. A bill to amend the Civil Aero- ginning of each regular session of Congress function. and nautics Act of 1938, as amended, so as to after study and consultation, giving due This method, which I am proposing consideration to the budget authorize the imposition of civil penalties recommenda- again, would result in a much clearer tions of the President, in certain cases; and report to their respec- by tive Houses understanding of appropriations S. 2818. A bill to amend sections 4417 and a legislative budget for the en- suing fiscal year, including Members of Congress, the administra- 4418 of the Revised Statutes to authorize the estimated overall Federal receipts and expenditures tion, and the man on the street. biennial inspection of the hulls and boilers for such year. Such report shall contain I ask unanimous consent that my sin. of cargo vessels, and for other purposes; to a recommendation for the maximum amount to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign gle package streamlined bill, together be appropriated for expenditure Commerce. in such year with a copy of a statement wherein the which shall include such an amount to be By Mr. JACKSON: percentages of appropriations are re- reserved for deficiencies as may be S. 2819. A bill for the relief of Fumiko deemed duced to dollars, be printed in the REc- necessary by such committees. (Public Sasaki also known as Helen Fumiko Sasaki; Law 601, 79th Cong., p. 24.) ORD as part of my remarks. and The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will Mrs. Erika S. 2820. A bill for the relief of It is ironic that while this vital sec- be received and appropriately referred; Osteraa; to the Committee on the Glsela tion of statutory law has been on the and, without objection, the bill and Judiciary. books for almost 8 years it has never By Mr. BUTLER of Nebraska (for him- statement will be printed in the RECORD. self, Mr. GRISWOLD, Mr. CARLSON, Mr. been followed by Congress. In my opin- The bill (S. 2825) making appropria- CASE, Mr. SCHOEPPEL, Mr. GILLETTE, ion, the country would have been billions tions for the support of the Government Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado, Mr. ahead had it been observed. for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1955, MUNDT, Mr. BARRETT, Mr. HICKEN- The exact percentages in the bill introduced by Mr. JOHNsoN of Colorado, HUNT): LOOPER, and Mr. which I-am introducing today are not was received, read twice by its title, re- S. 2821. A bill granting the consent of intended to be perfected for the next ferred to the Committee on Appropria- Congress to the States of Colorado, Iowa, fiscal year. They are the percentages Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Ne- tions, and ordered to be printed in the braska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and of all of the appropriations voted for the RECORD, as follows: present fiscal year and are Wyoming to negotiate and enter into a com- used merely Be it enacted, etc., That the sum of $64 pact for the disposition, allocation, diver- to demonstrate how the one package billion is hereby appropriated, out of any sion, and apportionment of the waters of the streamlined plan would work. money in the Treasury not otherwise appro- Missouri River and its tributaries, and for If this plan were to be used for the priated, for expenditure by the Government other purposes; to the Committee on In- next fiscal year the four committees of during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1955. terior and Insular Affairs. SEC. 2. The sum appropriated by this act By Mr. CHAVEZ: Congress designated by law to perform that task would determine the overall for expenditures by the Government during . 2822. A bill for the relief of Jose June 30, 1955, is here- total of appropriations to be voted in the fiscal year ending Cipriano Arias Gonzalez; to the Committee by apportioned among the various branches, on the Judiciary. accordance with law. That figure, as departments, agencies, and establishments By Mr. DOUGLAS: I have stated, would represent 100 per- of the Government in accordance with the S. 2823. A bill for the relief of Joseph H. cent. Then the House and Senate Ap- table contained in section 3 of this act. The Hedmark, Jr.; to the Committee on the propriations Committees would hold sums made available by this act for expendi- Judiciary. hearings in the usual way and express ture during the fiscal year ending June 30, By Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado: 1955, together with any sums remaining S. 2824. A bill for the relief of Insel Ruybal the amount of each item in the appropriation bill in a percentage of the total available for expenditure from any prior (nee Insel Diener y Grumberg); to the Com- each branch, department, already fiscal years, by mittee on the Judiciary. determined. Each of these Ap- agency, or establishment shall not be In- S. 2825. A bill making appropriations for propriations Committees would have creased by any other act of the Congress. the support of the Government for the fiscal complete freedom of action provided of the sum appro- Committee SEc. 3. The percent year ending June 30, 1955; to the their total did not exceed the statutory priated by this act which shall be available on Appropriations. limit determined by the four committees for expenditure during the fiscal year end- (Seethe remarks of Mr. JOHNSON of Colo- depart- the last above- of Congress. ing June 30, 1955, by each branch, rado when he introduced of the Gov- mentioned bill, which appear under a sep- When this streamlined bill was re- ment, agency, or establishment ar.ite heading.) ported out on the floor of either House ernment Is as follows: By Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado (for the only restriction on the Members of Agency: Percentage . 0. 109439 himself and Mr. MILLIKIN) : either the House or the Senate would be Legislative branch.------. The Judiciary------.------.040712 S. 2826. A bill to authorize the Secretary the total which has been agreed upon. of the Interior to execute an amendatory Independent offices: repayment contract with the Pine River Irri- If a House or Senate Member desires Executive Office of the Presi- gation district, Colorado, and for other pur- to raise the amount of an appropriation dent ------.019281 poses; to the Committee on Interior and for a particular function he would have American Battle Monuments Insular Affairs. to reduce an appropriation for some Commission ...... ------.014405 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE 677 Percentage act for expenditure by each department, Agency-Continued offices--Continued agency, or establishment of the executive Percent independent 1.647370 branch, except the following arms of Con- Agency of total Reduced to Atomic Energy Commission- ency appro- .005840 gress: the Interstate Commerce Commission, dollars Civil Aeronautics Board..... priations .081134 Civil Service Commission-.. the Federal Trade Commission, the Civil Aeronau- Aeronautics Board, the Federal Power Com- Commerce-Civil Department of the Interior.... .679 $433,260,100 tics Administration .-..- .216141 mission, the Federal Communications Com- mission, the Securities and Exchange Com- Department of Labor ---...... 4022 257,409, 280 Commerce-Maritime activi- Department of Defense: ties ------.054508 mission, the United States Tariff Commis- Civil Functions ...... - .6925 443,237, 760 sion. Commission on Foreign Eco- Military Functions -..... 53.004 31, 490,072, 800 _ .000467 Department of the Treasury.. .9531 609, O99,680 nomic Policy .------The statement presented by Mr. JOHN- Post Office Department-..... 4.4108 2,822,974,720 Commission on Intergovern- as follows: District of Conluinhl..-...... 0189 11,960, 320 mental Relations ....--- - .000778 SON of Colorado is Claims and Judgments --..-- .0188 12,01, 280 Commission on Organization How the Johnson proposal would work if of the percentage of approprriations each Total annual and sup- of the Executive Branch agency plemental appropria- the Government--....-- .000778 received for fiscal year 19!54 were applied to a tions------83.461 53,415,110,400 Defense Transportation Ad- $64 billion appropriation for fiscal year 1955 ministration ------.000661 ($64 billion equals 100 pe rcent): Permanent appropriations, general and special accounts: Economic Stabilization Interest on the public Agency ------.001868 debt-....-...... 9.889 , 32, 205,76k Percent Other 3...... -...... 6.649 4,255, 683,840 Fe d e r a Communications of total Reduced to ------.011524 Agency Commission appro- dollars Total permanent appro- Federal Power Commission.. .006696 priations priatiolnsr...... 16. 538 10,581, 889, 60 Federal Trade Commission-. .006313 Federal Civil Defense Ad- Grand total appropria- 07245 gislatve branch...... 0.1094 $70 040,320 tions...... 100.000 64,000,000,000 ministration ------.....- S07457e Judiciary...... 0407 26,094,080 Federal Mediation and Con- Independentoffices: ciliation Service------. .004999 Executive Office of the t Claims and judgments stated here is a title appearing Office.. .049806 President _._...... 0198 12,725,760 in the Supplemental Appropriation Act, 1'54, and in- General Accounting American Battle Monu- cludes amounts of claims and judlgments that were not General Services Adminis- ments Commission...... 1044 9,219,200 provided in the regular appropriation acts, and that tration ..------... .267802 Atomic Energy Commis- were not allocated by department in the supplemental. Housing and Home Finance sion .---.------.------1.6473 1, 054,316, 800 ' Esti:uated. 037594 Civil Service Commission. .0811 1, 925,760 S"Olthr" permanent appropriations include primarily Agency --....------. SCommerce-Maritime ac- refunds of internal revenue ($2.6 billion), statutory debt Indian Claims Commission-. .000182 tivities..---- .0545 34,885,120 retirements ($0.6 billion), payment to liailroad Retire. Interstate Commerce Com- Commission on Foreign ment account ($0.7 billion). The refunds of taxes were mission ------.017573 Economic Policy..-...... 0004 298,880 probably omitted from the table for 1953. Commission on Intergov- Sources: Public laws and Senate reports of the 83d Interstate Commission on 0rnmentale Relations. -- .0007 497,920 the Potomac River Basin-. .000007 Cong., 1st sess. Congressional Record (Daily Digest), Commission on Organlza- August 14, 1953, p. 1)601. Data supplied by Maureen Mutual Security Agency-... 7.057293 tian of the Executive McBreen, Economies Section, Legislative Referenoo National Advisory Commit- Branch of the Govern- Service, Library of Congress. ment...... 0007 497,920 tee for Aeronautics----... .097241097241 Defense Transportation National Capital Housing Administration -..---. .0006 423,040 Authority --...... ---- .000066 Economic Stabilization PRINTING OF PROCEEDINGS IN Park & Plan- Agency ------.0018 1,195, 520 National Capital Federal Communications CONNECTION WITH PLACING OF ning Commission ---...... 000350 Commission..---- .0115 7,375,360 STATUE OF MARCUS National Science Founda- Federal Power Commis- WHITMAN IN tion .-----..------.. .012459 sion_...... 0066 4,285,440 THE CAPITOL National Labor Relations Federal Trade Commis- 0 1 sion _...... ------.. .0063 4,040,320 Mr. MAGNUSON submitted the fol- Board------.014211 Federal Civil Defense Ad- National Mediation Board_.. .001657 ministration...------.. .0724 46,372,480 lowing concurrent resolution (S. Con. Renegotiation Board----.... .008085 Federal Mediation and Res. 57), which was referred to the Revolving Fund, Defense Pro- Conciliation Service.. .0049 3,199, 360 Committee on Rules and Administra- General Accounting Office. .0498 31,875,840 duction Act--...... 085656 General Services Admin- tion: iSecurities and Exchange istration ...... 2678 171,393, 280 Resolved by the Senate (the House of Commission---_----_ .007786 Housing and Home Fi- Representatives concurring), That there be Selective Service-.....----... .046537 nanco Agency _ .---.-. .0975 62, 524,160 SIndian Claims Commis- printed with illustrations and bound in such Small Business Administra- sion-....-- -...... 0001 116,480 style as may be directed by the Joint Com- tion------.003426 Interstate Commerce mittee on Printing, the proceedings in Con- Smithsonian Institution_-_. .006657 Commission.._.. n.... .0175 11,246,720 Interstate Commission on gress at the unveiling in the rotunda, to- Subversive Activities Control River Board-....------.... the Potomac gether with such other matter as the Joint .000545 Basin..------.000001 4,480 Committee may deem pertinent thereto, Tariff Commission------.002010 Mutual Security Agency. 7.0572 4, 516,6G7, 520 occasion of the acceptance of the Tennessee Valley Authority- .293638 National Advisory Com- upon the Tax Court of the United mittee for Aeronautics.. .0972 62,234,240 statue of Marcus Whitman, presented by National Capital Housing the State of Washington, 5,000 copies; of States_------S001510 Authority...... ____ .00006 42, 240 Veterans' Administration... 6. 193663 National Capital Park which 2,000 copies shall be for the use of the Department of Agriculture-... 1.329093 and Planning Commis- Senate, and for the use and distribution Department of State-----...... 323697 sion------.00035 224,000 by the Senators from Washington; and the .291196 National Science Founda- remaining 3,000 copies shall be for the use Department of Justice- .--- .291196 tion....--- .0124 7,973,760 Department of Commerce-.... 1. 060955 National Labor Relations of the House of Representatives, and for the Department of Health, Educa- Board-...... ------.0142 9,095,040 use of and the distribution by the Repre- tion, and Welfare-----...... 2. 816432 National MediationBoard. .0016 1,060,480 sentatives in Congress from the State of 676969 Renegotiation Board _...- .0080 5,174,400 Washington. Department of the Interior___ . 676969 Revolving Fund, Defense Department of Labor ...... 402202 Production Act...... 0856 54,819,840 SEC. 2. The Joint Committee on Printing Department of Defense: Securities and Exchange is hereby authorized to have the copy pre- Civil Functions-----...... 692559 Commission_...... 0077 4,983.040 pared for the Public Printer, who shall pro- S692559 Selective ervice ...... 0465 29,783,680 Military Functions------53. 904645 Small Business Adminis- vide suitable illustrations to be bound with Department of the Treasury_.. .953112 tration...... 0034 2,192, 640 these proceedings. Post Office Department...... 4. 410898 Smithsonian Institution_.. .0066 4, 20, 80 District of Columbia--...... 018688 SubversiveActivitiesCon- 018688 trol Board----.---- .0005 34, 800 Claims and Judgments-----... .018877 Tariff Commission-....- .0020 1,286,400 EXTENSION OF TIME FOR STUDY Permanent appropriations for Tennessee Valley Author- AND INVESTIGATION OF POSTAL general and special ac- ity-.-. ----- .2936 187,928,320 counts: Tax Court of the United OPERATIONS States. _ ...... 0015 966, 400 Interest on the public debt.. 9. 889384 Veterans' Administration. 6.1936 3, 963,944,320 Mr. CARLSON submitted the follow- Other-...... --- _... 6.649506 Department of Agriculture... 1.329 850,619,520 Department of State ...... 3230 207,166,080 ing resolution (S. Res. 197), which was - 000000-- Department of .ustiee...... 2911 186,365,440 referred to the Committee on Post Office Grand total -----.------100. 000000 Department of Commerce: Civil Aeronautics Admin- and Civil Service: SEC. 4. The Bureau of the Bud get is au- Istration-...... _ .2161 138,330,240 Resolved, That the time within which the thorized ctuallyex Civil Aeronautics Board-_ .0058 3,737, 600 to control the amounts actually ex- Department of Health, Edu- Committee on Post Office and Civil Service pended from the sums made available by this cation, and Welfare ...... 2.8164 1,802 516,480 may complete the study and Investigation 678 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25 of postal operations as authorized by the is true from eye-witness accounts of our Military men, unable now to exert pres. Senate Resolution 49, 83d Congress, agreed wounded prisoners who already have sure on the Communists under terms of the to March 6, 1953, hereby is extended to been returned, and from other reliable truce, refer to the missing as a diplomatic March 31, 1954. sources. problem. State Department diplomats, in turn, say the problem of missing known of this Americans Our Government has is not yet under their jurisdiction, and won't COMMITTEE SERVICE outrage since last fall, but apparently has be until a political conference with the Com. taken little, if any, action to bring about munists either begins or is definitely aban. Mr. JENNER, from the Committee on the return of these enslaved American doned.' So they are doing nothing. Rules and Administration, reported an boys. Why has not action been taken, Meanwhile, new reports about the missing continue to flow in. original resolution (S. Res. 198), which and when will it be taken? The parents, was placed on the calendar, as follows: There is substantial evidence now, for ex. the wives, the children, the friends of ample, that a number Resolved, That Mr. MCCARTHY, of Wiscon- of American prisoners these boys, yes, and the American people, were marched through the sin, be, and he Is hereby, elected a member streets of Mukden, want to know. They want to know deep inside Manchuria, on the part of the Senate of the Joint Com- in a victory parade. whether individual lives have become As far as is known here, none mittee of Congress on the Library, vice Mr. of those men has returned. No repatriated PURTELL, of Connecticut. less sacred in our day, whether in order prisoner has to please our sometimes spineless allies, said he participated in that parade. we shall remain quiet, whether we shall Officials here know for certain that some Americans were sent to Manchuria. ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL AND barter human life for a dishonorable Capt. Lawrence V. Bach, a 29-year-old fighter pilot FOR COMMITTEE ON GOV- peace. Americans cannot ridicule the FUNDS from Grand Forks, N. Dak., spent 4 days in ERNMENT OPERATIONS-AMEND- patriotism of these boys by leaving them Manchuria, where he was questioned by the MENT in the lurch, after asking them to risk Chinese, North Koreans, and the Russians. their lives for their country. In our He was followed by Maj. Gen. William yF Mr. McCARTHY submitted an amend- proper joy over the return of U. N. Dean, who spent some time in the Commu. ment intended to be proposed by him to prisoners, let us not allow the more than nist sanctuary in Manchuria. Both of these the resolution (S. Res. 189) providing 700 American prisoners of the Red slave Americans were repatriated. Others who were sent there were not. for additional personnel and funds for labor camps to become the "forgotten the Committee on Government Opera- Most of the evidence, however, comes from men" of our day, and the symbols of a reports, tions, which was ordered to lie on the now evaluated, of American pris. betrayed trust, a callous indifference, oners repatriated during Operation Big table and to be printed. and a national dishonor which will Switch here at Panmunjom. En route to blacken the pages of world history from the United States, former prisoners were here to eternity. questioned intensively about men who ADDRESSES, EDITORIALS, ARTI- had I ask unanimous consent to place in died or disappeared either during the lengthy CLES, ETC., PRINTED IN THE the RECORD a detailed account of this forced marches northward or while they were RECORD subject which was printed in the Decem- in camps. and by unanimous consent, ber 18, 1953, edition of U. S. News & During the long sea voyage, when the re- On request, patriates, in the comparative comfort of hos- addresses, editorials, articles, etc., were World Report. pital ships and transports, could relax and ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as There being no objection, the article tell coherent stories of what they saw, trained follows. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, intelligence men checked and rechecked each By Mr. BUSH: as follows: report, Statement is-ued by him relating to the WHERE ARE 944 MISSING GI's? A pattern finally emerged out of this long report of the Committee on Foreign Eco- and intensive probing that showed not only PANMUNJOM, KOREA.-Behind the Yalu nomic Policy. systematic atrocities and deaths but slavery River, the evidence now indicates, are hun- By Mr. HUMPHREY: as well. dreds of American soldiers and airmen, 4-H delegates to the The Chinese Communists did not merely List of Minnesota's known to be alive in Communist bands but Club Congress in Chicago. want Americans to work in salt beds of National 4-H unreported-left as pawns of the Communist Chinese. Shantung or the uranium mines of Sinkiang. They primarily wanted-and got-Ameri. These Americans were positivel, identified UNITED STATES TROOPS HELD IN as being in North Korean prison camps be- cans who could handle the sensitive and complex instruments of modern war, such as SLAVE LABOR CAMPS OF CHINA fore the shooting ended. Most disappeared airborne and ground, and infrared in- from those camps during the tense weeks radar, AND SIBERIA They were par- just before the truce. Some were taken struments for night combat. Mr. BUTLER of Maryland. Mr. Presi- away at night, ostensibly for questioning. ticularly interested in airmen with technical who knew the dent, a few days ago the free world re- They never returned. Others were members training, and in artillerymen joiced at the news that more than 22,000 of work parties sent from one camp to an- secrets of intricate fuzes. United Nations prisoners were to be other. Work parties "lost" 1 or 2 members Communists offered General Dean com. turned over to the U. N. Command, each before they returned to their base mand of a division or corps if he would fight camps. That attrition was virtually unno- for them. They could do nothing when he which most certainly will promptly set refused. But the lower-ranking technicians as God made them, free ticed during the high excitement of impend- them free-free ing repatriation. were not listed as prisoners, as General Dean as man was meant to be: to enjoy life, Altogether, there are 944 Americans now was known to be. The Chinese were under to bask in the warmth of his family's identified as being alive in North Korean no compulsion to explain what happened to love, to speak his mind, to read what he camps, but not returned or reported. These these men. Communist record on prisoners will, to earn his daily bread in a job of are in addition to the 22 Americans who of war were slipshod. When United States his own choosing, to offer his talent as he elected to stay behind. They are Americans asked the whereabouts of specific Ameri- who urgently wanted to come home, prison- cans known to have been alive in Commu- will in service of his fellowmen, to wor- nist camps, the Chinese merely replied that ship his God according to the dictates of ers known to others who have since been repatriated, or whose names or pictures have they had no records to show these men were his conscience. This is something of been definitely identified in Communist prop- ever prisoners. what it means to be free. This is the aganda releases. Most of them are almost Reports of returned prisoners are that world that awaits United Nations prison- certain to be still alive, spirited away across many United States enlisted technicians dis- ers who, now returned, will soon be free. the Yalu by Communist guards. appeared from Communist camps in the final But amid the exultation, the shouts, The United States did not win the war in weeks of the war. The fact that they van- the tears of joy, there are cries of Korea. As a result, it cannot demand and ished indicates that the Communists could expect to receive any reliable accounting for not persuade them to cooperate willingly. anguish, words full of bitterness, dis- those still missing. Americans can only pro- The Chinese could not afford to turn these illusionment, anger, and near despair, test. technicians over to the Neutral Nations Re- and the quiet murmur of desperate, But so far there has been no protest, except patriation Commission and hope that they pleading prayer from the wives, the for an Army communique last September. would refuse repatriation, Instead, those mothers, the fathers, and the children of There is a seeming reluctance by American Americans became nonexistent, as far as the the "forgotten men"-the American officials to press the case of the GI's who are Communist prisoner-of-war records were boys, variously estimated as between 700 still missing. Emphasis, instead, is on find- concerned. missing were specialists, and 944, who are being held in slave ing a way to make a deal with the Commu- Not all of the nist Chinese on terms of peace. There is however. Of the 944 Americans identified in labor camps of China and Siberia, in even pressure to speed a United Nations Communist camps and not returned, 610 direct violation of the Korean truce membership for Communist China. Any em- were ground-force troops with a wide variety agreement which pledged that all pris- phasis on the missing Americans, apparently, of backgrounds. Air Force fliers numbered oners would be returned. We know this could complicate those proceedings. 312; 19 served as Marines, and 3 as Navy CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 679

as like to urge your aid in defeating this amend- Some were captured as far back Fourth Study Conference on the men. ment for these reasons: others as recently as this year. Most Churches and World Order, sponsored by 1950, 1. It would alter the basic structure of the those from the Army and Marine Corps the National Council of Churches. of Government as established by the Constitu- were enlisted men, representing all major Friends Committee on National Legis- units. tion. ground-force lation. 2. is contrary to the basic theory of Just where they are now is less certain. It League of Women Voters of the United separation of powers among the three are reports from returning Japanese There branches of repatriated this month from States. the Government. prisoners, 3. It would seriously curtail the treaty- Russi, that some Americans have been seen National Association for the Advance- making authority of the United States, pre- in a prison not far from Moscow. War pris- ment of Colored People. venting the Government from entering into of many western nationalities are re- National Council of Jewish Women. oners many treaties which are beneficial and nec- to be working in a huge underground National Council ported of Negro Women. essary in Siberia. Prison compounds in to the interests of the United States. project Women's International League for 4. It would so seriously are closed to neutral inspection. interfere with the Manchuria Peace and Freedom. historic and fundamental functions of the are Communist research and development So Young Women's Christian Associa- Executive and the Senate in the field of for- centers in that part of the world. Some of tion. eign affairs that it would jeopardize the in- the 944 may be dead, victims of the torture for "persuasion" widely reported LEGALGROUPS fluence of the United States in the world techniques today. repatriated prisoners. by Committee for Defense of the Consti- Yours very truly, But United States intelligence officers be- tution by Preserving Treaty Power. DOROTHY HEEDERIK. lieve that most of those missing Americans Federal Bar Association. somewhere in Manchuria. are probably New York City Bar Association. Chinese authorities carefully supervise all MILWAUKEE, WIS., January 24, 1954. Philadelphia Bar Association. travel between Manchuria and the rest of Senator ALEXANDER WILEY, China. Their bases along the Yalu River, at New Jersey Bar Association. Senate Office Bui'ding, Port Arthur, Changchun, Mukden, and Har- St. Louis Bar Association. Washington, D. C.: bin are closely guarded and restricted for New York County Lawyers' Associa- Join the multitude of women in Milwaukee all but the military. There are enough Rus- tion, committee on Federal legislation. in opposing Bricker amendment. Am grate- sians in these areas to make several hundred Suffolk County Bar Association. ful for your strong support. Americans inconspicuous. Mrs. BERTA GUTMANN. Elsewhere in China, Americans would be Mr. President, throughout our Nation noticed and the grapevine would pass the there is a vast ferment of discussion on RACINE, WIS., January 24, 1954. news on quickly. But Manchuria is a closed the subject of the Bricker amendment. military area and the Americans could live Considerable numbers of letters and Senator ALEXANDER WILEY, Senate there, guarded, for years, with no oppor- telegrams have been pouring in to the Office Building, Washington, tunity for escape. Senate on this issue. D. C.: Nice work. Stay in there and keep pitch- Behind the disappearance of these Ameri- The supporters of the Bricker amend- too. ing against the Bricker amendment. cans are reasons that can be inferred, ment got a head start-as far back as 4 The need for technicians in expanding Com- RACINE CIO COUNCIL, munist forces accounts for most of the miss- years ago-by getting out to the grass- HAROLDJ. THOMPSON, ing specialists, as United States military offi- roots their particular side of the story. Secretary. cials see it. There is conjecture that many The opponents of the amendment, on of the others, resisting Communist persuas- the other hand, have only recently begun RACINE, Wis., January 24, 1954. ion methods, will be used for an experiment to organize their efforts. Senator ALEXANDERWILEY, in long-term "brain washing," to see how I am convinced that, as more and more Senate Office Building, Washington, D. C.: Americans react. And there are big oppor- Americans become familiar with the We attorneys of the city of Racine oppose tunities for Communists, in withholding the Bricker amendment and urge you to con- some Americans, to enhance their bargain- dangerous implications of the Bricker amendment, vast numbers of messages tinue to oppose it in the Senate. We believe ing position or to obtain ransom, as was done the Bricker amendment would seriously with American fliers forced down in Hun- against Senate Joint Resolution 1 will hamper the conduct of foreign affairs and gary. pour in from the grass roots. that the Constitution now has adequate What United States will do about Com- The State of Wisconsin, in particular, safeguards against misuse of Executive munist withholding of American prisoners, for several years has been the target of power. in direct violation of the truce agreement in well-financed barrages of pro-Senate Korea, is the big question now. Families of Francis Wendt; Kenneth Greenquist: Manny Brown; Dexter Black, Jr.; the missing men are beginning to wonder if Joint Resolution 1 literature. It has Charles Constantine; Henry Dorman; 944 more Americans must be added to the come from organizations which sought to Frank Fell, Jr.; Gerald Flynn; Reuben price of going into a war without winning it. stir up the wildest sort of fears regarding the President's treatymaking power. I Growsky; William Stroemer; Morris Shovers; Robert Goodman; Vincent have accordingly received a considerable Vassallo; Edward Zahn, Jr. INCREASING OPPOSITION TO THE number of messages urging passage of BRICKER AMENDMENT the amendment. While I do not happen to agree with MILWAUKEE, WIS., January 24, 1954. Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, I should Senator ALEXANDERWILEY, views expressed, I welcome the exer- like to call attention to the fact that the Senate Office Building, Washington, D. C.: some 20 million or more Americans are cise by my fellow Wisconsinites of the Milwaukee branch, Women's International represented by the organizations which right of petition. League Peace and Freedom supports your however, I am receiving against Bricker amendment. We be- so far have gone on record against the Currently, stand Bricker amendment. ever-increasing numbers of messages lieve Senate Joint Resolution 1 would seri- from those of my fellow citizens in the ously hamper United States conduct in in- There have come to my attention the ternational affairs. We urge you continue names of many organizations opposing Badger State who strongly oppose the present clear and firm against this and any compromise bill. the Bricker amendment. The follow- amendment. They compelling reasons for their case. At Present constitutional safeguards adequate. ing list is being expanded daily, so that MRs. S. A. MORELL, Chairman. it is possible that I do not have a com- the present time I send to the desk a few of such messager received within the past plete list of the groups representing the few days. I ask unanimous consent that FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, millions of Americans who oppose this Madison, Wis., January 19, 1954. dangerous, unnecessary amendment: they be printed in the RECORD as an indication of the views of thinking citizens Hon. ALEXANDER WILEY, American Association of University Senator from Wisconsin, Women. of the Badger State, Senate Office Building, American Federation of Labor. There being no objection, the letters Washington, D. C. American Jewish Committee. and telegrams was ordered to be printed SENATOR WILEY: Remembering your spirited AMVETS. in the RECORD, as follows: address at the Madison Lion's Club last fall, B'nai B'rith. MILWAUKEE, Wis., January 20, 1954. may I encourage you to continue your op- Catholic Association for International Re Senate Joint Resolution 1. position to the so-called Bricker amend- Peace. Senator ALEXANDER WILEY, ment. Senate Office Building, Please make no compromises that give In Church Peace Union. Washington, D. C. to the idea that we are to attempt Isolation Committee for Collective Security. DEAR SENATOR WILEY: After studying the from the affairs of the nations. Congress of Industrial Organiza- Bricker amendment (S. J. Res. 1), I find that Respectfully, tions. I am very strongly opposed to it and would RICHARD L. SNYDER. 680 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE January 25 THE ROBERTS CO., value of such a compromise as that suggested COFFEE PRICES Milwaukee, Wis., January 21, 1954. by Senator KNOWLAND. I hope you will vote Hon. ALEXANDER WILEY, to defeat the joint resolution. Mr. GILLETTE. Mr. President, in Senate Office Building, Respectfully yours, the past week or 10 days, as a result of Washington, D. C. CARYL A. REGAN. of the sudden upward spurt in the price DEAR SENATOR: I should like to express my of coffee, there has been renewed in. unqualified opposition to the so-called MILWAUKEE, WIS., January20, 1954. terest in the question of how coffee is Bricker amendment. Senator AL.XANDER WILEY, traded on the obvious to any student of New York Coffee and It would seem Senate Ofice Building, Sugar Exchange and in the Possibility our form of government that this amend- Washington, D. C. that ment is a deliberate encroachment of the DEAR SENATOR WILEY: I am writing in sup- speculation, rather than economic legislative upon the executive branch. There port of your stand against the Bricker or weather conditions in the coffee-pro. is a liquidity of movement necessary in the amendment. ducing countries, may be the chief cause handling of foreign affairs by our State De- In these times when events demand fast, for the price rises. partment. To create and freeze a situation detailed action, it is dangerous to regulate I have addressed to the Federal Trade in such a way as to hamper all freedom of further the President's powers to take action. Commission a letter urging an examina. movement by our Executive in its treaty- In the matter of treatymaking, the Con- tion of the making function would appear to be ob- stitution already protects us and Senate Joint present coffee situation and viously harmful to our foreign relations. Resolution 1 would delay and hamper our the development of current statistics on Our Supreme Court very clearly enunciat- ability to carry out our foreign policy. the supply of available coffee and related ed the doctrine that our Constitution must Further the Bricker amendment would matters. prevail when any treaty is in conflict with it, change the system of checks and balances My office has been receiving numerous and to the best of my knowledge this has set up in the Constitution. To make this requests for the report on the coffee in. never been contradicted. If the laws of any change would in my opinion be a grave and vestigation which was conducted in the particular State should be affected by a far-reaching mistake. 81st Congress by the Agriculture Sub. treaty negotiated for the general good of Yours very truly, committee the entire country, surely the latter con- LILLIAN CRANE FULTS. of which I was then chairman. sideration must prevail. Certainly the con- JACK J. FULTS. The supply of these reports is nearly ex. trary cannot be argued for 1 minute-that hausted, while the demand for them the good of the country as a whole must continues and MILWAUKEE, WIS., January 20, 1954. is growing. I have there. be sacrificed to preserve inviolate the laws Senator ALEXANDER WILEY, fore requested the Joint Committee on of any 1 State. Washington, D. C. Printing to arrange for an additional Because of the most excellent and states- DEAR MR. WILEY: Permit me to register my printing of 1,000 copies of the Coffee Re- manlike attitude you have manifested on all protest against passage of the Bricker amend- port, which international prob- is Senate Report No. 2377, our other national and ment. 81st Congress, 2d session, dated August lems, I feel quite sure that it was unneces- It seems to me that the most valid argu- However, I am sure 23, 1950. They will be available tomor. sary to write this letter. ment against permitting the President to to know how at row. Those wishing to obtain copies of you will not consider it amiss exercise discretion in making agreements lies and least one citizen feels about the matter in the abuse of this power through secret the Coffee Report will be able to do so many I sincerely hope you have received negotiations. Inasmuch as the proper place either from the Senate Agriculture Com- other letters reflecting the same attitude. for the ultimate power should be in the will mittee or from my office. Sincerely, of the people as expressed through public It will be recalled that the report made A. F. LTTER.. opinion, and inasmuch as public opinion re- 14 specific recommendations which, if quires that the public be informed, it seems carried out shortly after they were pro- MADISON, WIS., January 19, 1954. obvious that the fault lies in the secrecy posed, unquestionably would have gone Re Bricker amendment. rather than in the power to make agree- Hon. ALEXANDER WILEY, ments. Why, therefore, is the law requiring far to prevent the price gouging which Senate Ofice Building, publication of all such agreements not coffee consumers are once again facing Washington, D. C. enforced? today. DEAR SENATOR WILEY: After giving the mat- I feel very strongly that the proposed I note that the Attorney General has ter of the Bricker amendment (S. J. Res. 1) amendment to the Constitution is much too informed the press that his Department to the Constitution prolonged. and careful radical a change for conservative people to is looking into the possibility of viola- study over a period of approximately 1 year, support. Let us keep the present balance of tions of the law in connection with the I have come to the conclusion that I must powers that has stood for so long and elim- write to you and ask that you oppose it in inate the present abuses instead. A change current coffee price rise. Several of the its entirety. of such major proportions may only lead recommendations in our Coffee Report My reasons therefor are as follows: to new abuses which we cannot foresee. called for action by the Attorney Gen- 1. I cannot conceive of a need for such an Very truly yours, eral. If he wishes to make a useful con- amendment under our well-established form Mrs. A. B. BEVERSTOCK. tribution to a permanent solution of the of government. The responsibilities of the problem of spiraling coffee prices, due several branches of our Government are well defined. They are a check one on the other; STANLEY MARSACK POST, No. 442, to speculation, he might well proceed and the electorate is a check on all. JEWISH WAR VETERANS as proposed under our subcommittee's 2. The safeguards which were placed in OF THE UNITED STATES, recommendations. He might, for ex- our Constitution when it was so carefully January20,1954. ample, act on the recommendation to drafted by men who were, even then, well Hon. ALEXANDER WILEY, investigate the sales and storage prac- aware of the problems and difficulties which United States Senator, tices of foreign coffee interests in the this new form of government would face are, Senate Building, Washington, D. C. United States, and take appropriate ac- in my opinion, sufficient today to protect the DEAR SENATOR WILEY: I wish to advise that tion under the antitrust laws. Up to citizens of the United States from possible the Stanley Marsack Post of the Jewish War Ill-conceived executive actions. Veterans of the United States is firmly in now the Department of Justice has failed 3. We are, after all, a federation of States. accord with the position recently stated by to act on this recommendation. He The Federal Government was established be- our national commander, Harry T. Madison, might also follow the suggestion we made cause there were (and are) areas in which it relative to the Bricker amendment. Com- that the Attorney General seek injunc- is essential that we act as one. While we mander Madison indicated that enactment of tive relief against the continued use of have retained (and I believe rightfully so) this measure would seriously shackle the the present D and S contracts on the the majority of powers in our separate States, executive branch of our Government in the New York Coffee and Sugar Exchange occasions arise when it is essential that the conduct of foreign relations and make vastly unduly restrictive of trade in President be in a position to make decisions more difficult the vital task of rallying the as being in the international field which affect our free world for common defense against com- coffee and as tending to create controls collective interests. I firmly believe that the munism. Our post has every confidence in far beyond reason. present powers of our Congress (through the the Presidency and feels that it would be Other agencies of the executive de- Senate's power to ratify or disapprove trea- unwise to limit the power of the President partment could also make important ties, and the Congress' power to refuse to in the conduct of foreign policy. contributions to a cure of this recurring Implement treaties or executive agreements) We are pleased to find you in the fore- that the are adequate to protect us from possible plague. We recommended un- front of the fight against passage of the of the Census undertake to make wise executive decisions. Bricker amendment and pledge you our Bureau I assure you that I have not come to this wholehearted support in this issue. regular quarterly reports on green and decision without carefully and thoughtfully Yours sincerely, roasted coffee stocks on hand, similar to weighing the arguments on both sides of this STANLEY MARSACK POST, JEWISH WAR those prepared at the specific request of controversy. I am now definitely opposed to VETERANS OF THE UNITED STATES, our subcommittee in December 1949 and the Bricker amendment, nor do I see the H. L. KAsTRUL, Commander. March 1950. Such figures would be in- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 681

doubt that you will be receiving many let- in showing how much economic There being no objection, the letter valuable was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, ters urging you to vote for the pending joint if any, there is for a rise resolution. justification, as follows: to be caused by The opposition to the Bricker amendment in coffee prices alleged JANUARY 23, 1954. is not well organized, and not well financed. shortages. Hon. JAMES M. MEAD, also However, there is strong opposition. As I Department of Defense could Commissioner,Federal Trade The to the Bricker amendment, it if it would adopt our Commission, Washington, D. C. am opposed take useful action has seemed to me appropriate that I should change its coffee- MY DEAR COMMISSIONER: The Commission recommendation to write to you and urge you to vote against de- is doubtless aware of the volume of news buying specifications, so as to permit the adoption of this provision. any growth equal to or better and editorial discussion relative to the rapid livery of rise in the price of coffee and the con- I will not trouble you with a long discus- than Santos 4's. sion of the reasons for my opposition. In of the sequent burden on the American consumer. Likewise, the legislative branch You will recall that some 3 years ago a brief, they are as follows: (1) The proposal Government can take action almost im- subcommittee of the Senate Committee on is not necessary, and (2) its adoption would put trading in coffee under Agriculture and Forestry in the course of its do far more harm than good. In partcular, mediately to make it the same kind of regulations as those investigation of price spreads made a rather the so-called "which" clause would exhaustive study of another rapid rise in impossible for the United States to deal which apply to trading in domestically effectively with many important areas long Since last March coffee prices which pertained at that time. produced commodities. You will also recall that the subcommittee the proper subject of the treaty power, as I have had pending before the Senate filed Its report of the situation as the sub- I have pointed out in a letter which was Agriculture Committee a bill, S. 1386, committee had found it together with some printed in the Wall Street Journal for Janu- would place trading in coffee fourteen recommendations for action to ary 19, 1954. to which You will be told that the American Bar under the control of the Commodity Ex- remedy some of the conditions then extant. enacted, I For various reasons to which it is un- Association favors the Bricker amendment. change Act. If this bill were necessary to refer in this letter no real action Actually, the decision was made by the house am sure trading practices in coffee would has been taken to carry into effect the recom- of delegates of that association, a body of improve rapidly, to the benefit of all our mendations the subcommittee made. less than 200 persons, with much opposition coffee-drinking consumers. I feel there is ample justification for the there. The leadership of the association tax legisla- belief that much of the recent drastic rise in thwarted an effort to take a vote of the mem- We further recommended coffee prices is due more to certain gambling bers, after full consideration by the mem- tion which would help curb the undesir- and speculative practices than to economic bership. The New York Bar Association, the able speculation in coffee futures, by re- factors of supply and demand. You also are New Jersey Bar Association, the Association quiring taxation of profits gained by aware that coffee was not included in the of the Bar of the City of New York, the of International and Comparative foreign interests through trading on our list of commodities brought under the pro- Section text of a visions of the Commodity Exchange Act. Law of the American Bar Association, and commodity exchanges. The There is pending now in the Senate Com- many lawyers of my acquaintance, are all proposed bill to this effect, which I highly mittee on Agriculture and Forestry a bill to strongly opposed to the amend nent. recommend for the consideration of the bring coffee within these provisions which I There can be no doubt that large sections House Ways and Means Committee, is introduced almost a year ago but which has of the public have been led to have fear of on the last page of the Coffee not yet received favorable action by the the treaty power. Although I believe that printed Senate. these fears are groundless, there would be Report of 1950. I have in mind the limitations on the ap- no objection to a simple amendment which Those interested in the other recom- propriation made for your Commission rela- would allay these fears. But the Bricker mendations made by our subcommittee tive to its use in connection with investiga- amendment goes far beyond that. It is, in almost 4 years ago, none of which has tion of price spreads, but I feel that there is final analysis, an attack upon the Union adopted, may find them on pages 40 ample authority and I know there is great itself. Its adoption would, I believe, have been need for the Commission to'investigate the very serious consequences. I hope that you and 41 of the Coffee Report. operation of the instrumentalities engaged will vote against it in the Senate. Unfcrtunately, Mr. President, even if in the importation and distribution of coffee With best wishes from Cambridge. all these recommendations were adopted in the United States. Very truly yours, today, none of the hundreds and hun- May I earnestly urge that the Commission EawIN N. GRISWOLD, Dean. take cognizance of this situation and bring dreds of millions of dollars which have its valuable machinery into action for the I telephoned the dean and asked him been gouged from the pockets of Ameri- purpose of aiding and protecting the Amer- whether he had any objection to my can consumers since the great specula- ican people from any unreasonable or un- reading this letter on the floor of the tive raid of 1949 would be returned to justified burdens in connection with the Senate. He said that he had not. great increases in coffee them. But, at the very least, the present prices. I also had the pleasure of informing I am addressing this letter to you as a gouge could be stopped and future ones Commissioner and former Senate colleague him that I had long since made up my prevented. with the request that it be called to the mind to vote against the Bricker amend- There is need, not so much for any attention of the Chairman and the Commis- ment in its present form. more investigations of the coffee trade, sion. I am not personally acquainted with Mr. President, as for action on the find- the Chairman. With best wishes, I am, BETWEEN ings and recommendations of the in- Sincerely, ALLEGED RELATIONSHIP vestigation of 4 years ago. GuY M. GILLETTE. THE GOVERNMENT OF VENE- What is needed is action, both legisla- ZUELA AND CHARLES P. TAFT, tive and executive, to deal with an in- GEORGE W. BALL-CORRECTION excusable situation, which is rapidly PROPOSED CONSTITUTIONAL Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I becoming intolerable. We know, Mr. AMENDMENT RELATIVE TO TREA- ask unanimous consent to have printed President, that the economic position of TIES AND EXECUTIVE AGREE- in the RECORD at this point as a part of several of our sister Republics of Pan MENTS my remarks a letter which I have re- America, is heavily dependent on the Mr. GREEN. Mr. President, this ceived from Mr. George W. Ball, in cor- production and sale of coffee. We morning I received from the dean of the rection of an inaccuracy which appeared should and shall continue to furnish the Harvard Law School a letter re:ative to in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of January principal market for their exportations the so-called Bricker amendment. It is 14, 1954. of coffee. But our primary concern is to brief and to the point, and I shall read There being no objection, the letter see that United States consumers are not it: was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: made the victims of speculative practices, LAw SCHOOL OF HARVARDUNIVERSrrY, at home or Cambridge, Mass., January21, 1954. CLEARY, GOTTLIEB, FRIENDLY & BALL, abroad, which place an un- Washington, D. C., January 20, 1954. just burden on American Hon. THEODORE FRANCIS GREEN, families. Senate Office Building, Senator WrLLAM FULBRIGrHT, Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- Washington, D. C. Senate Office Building, sent to have printed in the RECORD at DEAR SENATOR GREEN: My mail is full of Washington, D. C. this point as a part of my remarks a copy extensive appeals, obviously well financed, DEAR SENATOR FULBRIGHT: In the CON- 14, 1954, an of my letter of January 23, 1954, ad- urging me to write to Senators about the GRESSIONAL RECORD for January dressed Bricker amendment to the Constitution. article from the Washington Times-Herald to the Federal Trade Com- The senders of these appeals are support- of December 21, 1953, was inserted by Sena- mission. ing the amendment. As a result, I have no tor MALONE. The article states that both 682 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25

Mr. Charles P. Taft and I-have "filed regis- mittee prior to any vote. My statement, in own selfish desires to control the proposed tration statements with the Justice Depart- part, was as follows: new State government. ment under the Foreign Agents Registration "I have decided to vote to report the Many of the opponents of past versions of Act as agents of Venezuela." Alaska statehood bill out of committee. statehood legislation were caught between As the article states elsewhere, my firm "As soon as the committee has reported the play of these two forces. They were was retained for several months last year by Hawaiian statehood we shall proceed imme- attacked and smeared as obstructionists. the Chambers of Commerce of Venezuela, diately to consideration of the Alaska bill. They have been denounced as enemies of which are private organizations of business In committee I shall urge strongly that the Alaska and Alaska progress. firms. However, the implication in the above committee write a workable bill that will Speaking as one of the victims of this statement is that we were representing the give Alaska control of enough of her timber, brand of political demagoguery over a period Venezuelan Government. Such an implica- mineral, and other valuable resources to be of yeats, I believe the time has now come tion is misleading and inaccurate with re- self-supporting, instead of millions of acres when a workable and an honorable statehood spect to my firm, Mr. Taft, and the Venezue- of barren tundra. bill for Alaska can and should be written. lan Government. "This decision to vote for reporting the I can truthfully say that the attitude in I should very much appreciate it if you bill has been reached only after the most high places in the Interior Department has could have this letter inserted in the CoN- careful and conscientious study. I must changed, just as the occupants of those high GRESSIONAL RECORD in order to correct the confess that I still have very grave doubts as offices in the Department have been changed inaccuracy. to the possibility of the proposed State's following President Eisenhower's victory in Sincerely yours, raising sufficient revenue to support the 1952. GEORGE W. BALL. functions of State government after the end I know of no high official in the Interior of the current construction boom. That is Department today who regards himself as why the grants to the State of federally- vested with a divine right to control the owned resources are of key importance. Un- future of Alaska. DEATH OF HUME WRONG der all the circumstances, however, I believe I know of none who believes his mission Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Presi- it is proper that the matter be passed on by in this life is to control the Alaska fisheries, one of the greatest dent, I rise to express my deep sorrow at the full Senate, not just by the committee." of the Territorial I believe the statement I have just quoted resources. the news carried in the press this morn- is clear. I know of none who desires the Federal ing of the death of Hon. Hume Wrong, It is plain to me that there is no reasonable Government to hold title to Alaska's land. formerly Ambassador from Canada to position in outright opposition to statehood I do know that the release of that land to the United States, and recently Under for either Hawaii or Alaska. The organiza- private owners where it can be put into Secretary of State of Canada for Foreign tion of new territories and their ultimate productivity is uppermost in the minds of Affairs. admission to the Union as States has, through many of the Department officials, just as it I had the high privilege of knowing the years, become a basic part of our system is and has been uppermost in my mind. It may not be an easy task to make all Mr. Hume Wrong personally, having of government. It would seem strange if the people in these Territories did not aspire to the revisions which should be made in the gone to the same place in the summer see the Territory become a State. But state- Alaska Statehood bill in line with this new with him, and having had many oppor- hood at any price, which has been the in- approach. I am not suggesting that our tunities to talk with him about the rela- flexible position assumed by proponents of committee should undertake now to rewrite tions between Canada and the United statehood for Alaska, is just as unsound as completely the Federal policies and Federal States. I looked upon him as one of the outright opposition. land laws as they apply to the Territory. I fine type of statesmen whom we can ill It is time, I think, that a new approach to do believe, however, that there are certain statehood for Alaska be found. The purpose fundamental elements which must be taken afford to lose. He had a sympathetic care of for statehood to be a success. interest in people, and, above all, he had of that approach must be twofold: (1) To grant statehood on such terms that Alaska First and foremost is a sharp cutback in a firm grasp of the importance of unity will find them workable from an economic the Federal policy of withdrawing into Fed- between Canada and the United States, and financial standpoint; and (2) to do it eral reservations all those resources or poten- and the necessity for the closest working now, not in the indefinite future. tial resources which might form the basis relations between our two great coun- The fundamental element of that new ap- of flourishing Industries if developed by pri- tries. proach must be opening up lands, minerals, vate enterprise. I am referring particularly I tender my expression of sympathy to timber, and other resources of Alaska to de- to such withdrawals as the coal reserves, the oil reserves, and the timber reserves. Mr. Wrong's family in their bereavement, velopment by the residents of Alaska. That means a loosening of the dead hand of bu- Somewhat the same thing must be done to and to Canada, our neighbor, for Canada reaucracy which has completely controlled the Federal withdrawals of 300- and 600- has suffered a severe loss. The United Alaska for nearly a century. footwide rights-of-way for all highways con- States also has suffered the loss of a great Under the chairmanship of the senior structed in the Territory. This particular and true friend. I appreciate the oppor- Senator from Oregon [Mr. CORDON], a sub- policy seems to me to be the worst possible tunity to make these few remarks on this committee of the Senate Committee on hindrance to the development of adequate sad occasion. Interior and Insular Affairs is now perfect- facilities for the growing tourist industry in ing the proposed Alaska Statehood bill Alaska. along those general lines. I believe all the Perhaps even more important is the neces- members of that subcommittee are convinced sity of taking definite action to clear up the STATEHOOD FOR ALASKA of the necessity of opening up these resources cloud of native possessory claims. The cloud Mr. BUTLER of Nebraska. Mr. Presi- for development. I hope that subcommittee on land titles created by these claims has dent, I ask unanimous consent to have and our full committee will not hesitate to threatened every settler's security and every make sweeping changes in the provisions of settler's investment. Economic development printed in the RECORD an address pre- the original bill. Alaska must be given con- can never proceed without a system of secure pared by me entitled "A New Approach trol of the most of its land, timber, mineral, land titles. to Statehood for Alaska." and other resources, if it is to make a Finally, we must work out a system better There being no objection, the address success as a State. than that provided in the Federal Highway was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, The bill as presented to us failed to do Act to assist the state of Alaska in the con- as follows: that; it would have left virtually all the struction of roads to tap its resources. In resources of the new State under the control this day and age, roads are the first necessity A NEW APPROACH TO STATEHOOD FOR ALASKA- of the Federal Government. It is not melo- in any development program. ADDRESS BY SENATOR BUTLER OF NEBRASKA dramatic to say that the statehood bill as On Monday of last week, Territorial Gov- On Tuesday of last week the Committee on originally presented would turn an orphan ernor Heintzleman released a statement re- Interior and Insular Affairs which was then out into the storm. porting on his recent trip throughout the considering the Hawaii statehood bill, voted In the past, my position has been that the Territory and telling of the sentiment among unanimously to amend that bill by adding bureaucrats in the Interior Department the majority of Alaskans for statehood un- the Alaska statehood bill to it as a title II, sought to retain their supreme authority in der an equitable enabling act. thus combining the 2 proposals for statehood Alaska affairs by keeping Federal ownership The Governor states his position very for the 2 Territories into a single piece of over the oil, coal, timber, and other resources. clearly and in the most sensible language. legislation. Before any motions were made, Meanwhile, they pretended to sympathize Governor Heintzleman's statement as it or votes taken in committee, I stated to mem- with the operations of many in the Terri- was released to the press in Juneau on Mon- bers of the committee that I would vote to tory, by offering a form of statehood without day, January 18, reads as follows: report the Alaska statehood bill from com- the substance-without the resources that mittee as soon as we could get the bill in should customarily go with it. "STATEMENT OP GOVERNOR HEINTZLEMAN proper form. There was a group in the Territory, albeit "Statehood continues to be a subject of To make my position clear, I will quote a small one but a loud one, willing to accept vital concern to the people of Alaska. I have briefly from the statement I made in com- statehood on these terms because of their just returned from a trip to Anchorage and 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 683 Fairbanks, the centers of greatest population, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. With- and find that people there, as well as else- Secretary will call the roll. out objection, the nominations in the where in Alaska, are anxious to know what The legislative clerk proceeded to call Foreign Operations Administration are congress is prepared to offer In tha way of the roll. confirmed en bloc. enabling legislation. Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I 'Statehood has also been of the utmost when I came into ask unanimous consent that the order concern to me since April UNITED STATES INFORMATION this office. The principal question facing us for the quorum call be rescinded, and as Alaskans and facing Congress is the eco- that further proceedings under the call AGENCY long been nomic side of the matter. I have be dispensed with. The legislative clerk read the nomina- to build our industrial interested in helping The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Pun- tion of Abbott McConnell Washburn, of base to the point where we can adequately that TF L in the chair.) Is there objection Minnesota, to be Deputy Director of support statehood and I am confident to the request of the Senator from Cali- is making rapid strides toward the United States Information Agency. the Territory fornia? The Chair hears none, and it is that goal. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without "The progress that has been made in Alaska so ordered. objection, the nomination is confirmed. during the past 8 years, or since our local vote on statehood in 1946, is truly remark- EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED able. In this connection, consider what has NORTH ATLANTIC ORGANIZATION our highways and The PRESIDING OFFICER laid be- been done in expanding AND EUROPEAN REGIONAL OR- improving tributary roads, the expansion in fore the Senate messages from the Presi- timber processing and coal production, the dent of the United States submitting GANIZATIONS increase in surveys of mineral, water power, sundry nominations, which were referred The legislative clerk read the nomina- and other resources, and the establishment to the Committee on Armed Services. hos- tion of Webster Bray Todd, of New of additional and improved schools, (For nominations this day received, systems, and other com- Jersey, to be Director, Office of Economic pitals, water supply see the end of Senate proceedings.) munity facilities. All of these things spell Affairs, United States Mission to the present and prospective advances in eco- North Atlantic Treaty Organization and welfare for Alaska and thus European Regional Organizations. nomic and social EXECUTIVE REPORT OF A contribute to a sound base for statehood. The PRESIDING OFFICER. With- "A majority of the people of Alaska favor COMMITTEE out objection, the nomination is con- statehood under equitable enabling legisla- firmed. tion. One enabling bill is now before the The following favorable report of a Senate Committee on Interior and Insular nomination was submitted: Affairs. There is anxiety that this bill may By Mr. CAPEHART, from the Committee ECONOMIC COORDINATOR session not reach the floor of the Senate this on Banking and Currency: The legislative clerk read the nomi- too late for adequate. or that it will come out Laurence Ballard Robbins, of Illinois, to nation consideration. I respectfully urge that this be Deputy Administrator of the Recon- of C. Tyler Wood, of the District bill be brought out of committee at as early struction Finance Corporation. of Columbia, to be Economic Coordina- a date as possible so that it may be con- tor (special representative for Korea). sidered and acted upon by the entire Senate." The PRESIDING OFFICER. With- We need a statehood bill which will do CONSIDERATION OF EXECUTIVE out objection, the nomination is con- two things-foster the economic develop- NOMINATIONS firmed. ment of Alaska, and give the proposed state the financial resources out of which she can The PRESIDING OFFICER. The support the cost of state government. State- Chair lays before the Senate for consid- DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE hood is expected to nearly double the cost eration the nominations on the Execu- The legislative clerk read the nomi- inhabitants of Alaska, of government for the nation of Lothair Teetor, of Indiana, to where taxes are already as high or higher tive Calendar, which the clerk will state. than anywhere else in the country. If we be Assistant Secretary of Commerce. give Alaska statehood, we must give Alaskans The PRESIDING OFFICER. With- the resources out of which to raise that ad- UNITED NATIONS out objection, the nomination is conditional revenue. We cannot in fairness The legislative clerk read the nomina- firmed. make Alaska a state in name only, as pro- tion of Preston Hotchkis, of California, Mr. CLEMENTS. Mr. President, I vided by the bill originally introduced. wish to ask the majority leader if it is I am hopeful that the subcommittee and to be representative of the United States our Interior Committee can develop and re- of America on the Economic and Social not a fact that all the nominations port such a measure. If a proper bill can Council of the United Nations. which have been confirmed by the Sen- be developed, I pledge my wholehearted sup- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ate up to now were approved unani- port to the admission of the Territory of objection, the nomination is confirmed. mously by each of the committees to Alaska into the family of States. which the respective nominations were referred? DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN Mr. KNOWLAND. So far as I am ad- HOUSING-MESSAGE FROM THE SERVICE vised, that is correct. PRESIDENT (H. DOC. NO. 306) The legislative clerk proceeded to read The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will state the next nomination on The PRESIDING OFFICE (Mr. POTTER sundry nominations in the Diplomatic the Executive Calendar. in the chair) laid before the Senate a and Foreign Service. message from the President of the United The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is it the States, which was read by the legislative desire of the majority leader that the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS clerk nominations in the Diplomatic and For- and referred to the Committee on COMMISSION Banking and Currency. eign Service be confirmed en bloc? (For President's message, see House Mr. KNOWLAND. It is. The legislative clerk read the nomi- proceedings in today's CONGRESSIONAL The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without nation of Robert E. Lee, of the District RECORD.) objection, the nominations in the Diplo- of Columbia, to be a member of the Fed- matic and Foreign Service are confirmed eral Communications Commission, for en bloc. term of 7 years from July 1, 1953. EXECUTIVE SESSION The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, a FOREIGN OPERATIONS ADMINIS- question is, Will the Senate advise and parliamentary inquiry. consent to this nomination? TRATION The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, one Senator will state it. The legislative clerk proceeded to read of the most important constitutional Mr. KNOWLAND. Is the Senate now sundry nominations in the Foreign Op- duties of the Senate is the consideration in executive session? erations Administration. of Presidential nominations to execu- The PRESIDING OFFICER. It is. Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I tive positions. After the -Senate has Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I ask that the nominations be confirmed satisfied itself that the appointments are suggest the absence of a quorum. en bloc. in the national interest, it is our duty 684 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25 to approve them; or, doubting that this Nation and to its freedoms. No other most of the hours of each day and eve. is the case, we should vote to oppose agency of Government is granted the ning with entertainment, political com. them. power to exercise such a vast control ment, news, and drama. To my knowl. Today I wish to speak on the nomina- over the thought and speech of the peo- edge, only one large broadcasting com. tion by the President of Mr. Robert E. ple of our country and over the preserva- pany officially has spoken in behalf of Lee, to be a Commissioner of the Fed- tion of the freedom of open discussion, this appointee. There have been some eral Communications Commission. and even dissent, as is the Federal Com- rather private communications, I sup. Mr. CLEMENTS. Mr. President, will munications Commission. pose, but, for the most part, the vast in. the Senator yield, so that I may suggest No longer is freedom of the press the dustry, usually so vocal, the industry that the absence of a quorum? solitary means of preserving liberty. can receive a life or death decree at the Mr. MONRONEY. I yield for that Important as it is, the vast nationwide hands of the Commission-has main. purpose. resources of hundreds of broadcasting tained stony silence. Mr. CLEMENTS. I suggest the ab- stations and TV stations now have as While many large and respected news. sence of a quorum. great an impact, or an even greater im- papers have criticized the appointment, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The pact, on the public mind as the printed the sense of fear that hangs over the in- clerk will call the roll. word. dustry spells one thing, namely, the ad. The legislative clerk called the roll, Obviously, in the public interest, this mission that this power can and might and the following Senators answered to vast means of communications must be be misused for reprisals. Many of the their names: regulated by Government so that the newspapers which have spoken out boldly Alken Goldwater Martin great gifts of radio and television may know there is no regulatory body that Anderson Gore Maybank not become a tower of Babel. But in can affect them by enforcing orders Barrett Green McCarran such regulation lies the inherent danger Beall Griswold McCarthy against them. Bennett Hayden McClellan that this power may be misused. Such Yet even the long arm of FCC power Bricker Hendrickson Mlllikin vast power of life and death over every does not entirely miss the newspapers, Bush Hennlngs Monroney broadcasting and television station, either. A packed Commission could, in- Butler, Md. Hickenlooper Morse Butler, Nebr. Hill Mundt which is vested in the Commission by the directly, impinge upon the freedom of the Byrd Hoey Murray authority to grant or refuse to grant press, should it finally be faced with a Capehart Holland Pastore licenses or to grant or refuse to grant re- hostile Commission. Carlson Humphrey Payne Case Hunt Potter newals, should, in the public interest, In the vast field of newspaper opera. Chavez Ives Purtell cause us, in the Senate, to be doubly tions, in many towns and cities the news- Clements Jackson Robertson careful that men selected to this Com- papers have become owners of radio and Cooper Jenner Russell mission be above the abuse of their great Cordon Johnson, Colo. Saltonstall television stations. These operations, re- Daniel Johnson, Tex. Schoeppel power. quiring large investments and a long- Dirksen Johnston, S. C. Smathers To say that this is a sensitive area of time payout, are under the FCC, regard. Douglas Kefauver Smith, Maine Government regulation is putting it Duff Kennedy Smith, N. J. less of whether the stations are owned Dworshak Kilgore Sparkman mildly. Few stations can operate with- by newspapers. Still other newspapers, Eastland Knowland Stennis out at times coming before the FCC for faced with rising production costs, have Ellender Kuchel Symlngton amended orders, for the improvement or pending before the FCC applications Ferguson Lehman Thye for Flanders Lennon Upton change in their facilities, the removal such facilities, which can be parceled out Frear Long Watkins or change in a broadcasting tower, or as the Commission decides. Fulbright Magnuson Wiley the installation of extra equipment. The importance of this new link be. George Malone Williams Gillette Mansfield Young The vast networks, serving hundreds tween the operation of newspapers and of individual stations, are also subject radio and TV stations can be judged by Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce that to the great powers of the Commission. the fact that, even at present, 485 news- the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. Thus, in the life of an entire industry, papers operate one or the other. Thus, BRIDGES] is necessarily absent. cooperation with its regulating body not as their newspaper operations are inter. The Senator from North Dakota [Mr. only is desirable, but an absolute ne- mingled with the operations of radio fa- LANGERI is absent on official business. cessity. cilities, they are subject, at least in con- The Senator from Idaho [Mr. Mr. Pfesident, we could have a free siderable part, so far as their very exist- WELKER] is absent because of illness. press and freedom of individual expres- ence and financial stability are con. Mr. CLEMENTS. I announce that sion of opinion today, and still not be cerned, on the life or death decisions the Senator from Ohio [Mr. BURKE], the free. No agency of Government can, in which can be handed down by this Fed- Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. KERR], and any way, interfere with these great con- eral Commission. the Senator from West Virginia [Mr. stitutional guaranties. But the new Only one individual, a friend of the NEELY] are absent on official business. power of communicating with 100 mil- appointee, appeared before the Senate The PRESIDING OFFICER. A quo- lion people by radio, or 60 million by Interstate and Foreign Commerce Com- rum is present. television, makes these guaranties of our mittee to testify in behalf of the con- The Senator from Oklahoma has the older forms of communication only part- firmation of the nomination. Not only floor. time insurance of our liberties. did the strange silence run through the Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, as I If the time should come, when the FCC broadcasting fraternity but the absence was saying when interrupted by the would be packed with men of distinct of other industry spokesmen and legal quorum call, I wish to speak today on the partisian leaning, with men who would lights also was noticeable. question of the nomination of Robert E. seek unfair advantage in behalf of one This strange silence seems to run deep Lee, who has been appointed by the Pres- line of thought, with men who lack even in this august body. ident to be a Commissioner of the Fed- dedication to the great prinicples of The FCC is an arm of the Congress. eral Communications Commission. This freedom of discussion and. dissent, or It is a regulatory body set up by the is a 7-year appointment and if the Sen- with men whom the broadcasting indus- Congress to do a job. Has the threat ate approves his nomination today, the try might fear, regimentation of thought of this great power, which is subject to new Commissioner will serve on this and control of comment would become a misuse for reprisals, become so great highly important board and in this sen- reality. I dread to think of the conse- that even Members of this body cannot sitive post until 1961. quences to our free society if this should consider the appointment on its merits The questioning of an appointment by occur. without thinking that something ad- the President is not a pleasant task to Yet in the appointment before the verse to. the interests of our States might assign to oneself. If this appointment Senate today, I believe there is definite- occur if we were to vote wrong? were not questioned today, it would be ly a sense of fear that this situation The Senate must consider this ap- gaveled through, as are so many other might be approaching faster than we pointment as it would any other, regard- nominations in this Chamber, without realize. less of the consequences. The primary any discussion whatsoever. A strange silence has been hanging question which faces us on the question An appointment to the Federal Com- over this appointment. This silence is of confirmation of the nomination-as munications Commission is one of ut- found especially in the vast radio and it should be in the case of all other nom- most importance to the future of this television field, which fills the air during inations is the question of the nominee's CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE qualifications. Is Robert E. Lee quali- Mr. McCARTHY. Would my col- or elsewhere, to reflect upon the honesty fied by experience and training to be a league call it "a ricochet romance," when or integrity of anyone. I am raising the member of the FCC? thereafter he came to the Senate? question of this gentleman's qualifica- Of course, the best judge of a man's Mr. MONRONEY. No, because I did tions for a very highly sensitive position. qualifications should be the man himself. not ricochet. On the contrary, I kept I know that he had a fine record with As he sets his goals, he gives recognition, going right along on a bee line. After the FBI. I think tne FBI is one of the as no other can, to the field he can best I reached the House of Representatives, world's greatest crime-detection agen- fill. I had a very difficult time crossing the cies. I applaud the great care which, Mr. Lee's ambitions were in the direc- 100-yard span to this body. through the years, the great Director, tion of the specialty which he studied But I do not believe Mr. Lee's qualifi- J. Edgar Hoover, has used in maintain- and practiced-as an accountant. He cations, which perhaps would make him ing the FBI in the objective field. How- was a candidate, and a well-supported an ideal man as an Assistant Comptrol- ever, I doubt whether it is good public one, for Assistant Comptroller General. ler General or an administrative officer policy to turn over our Federal com- Nearly one hundred Members of the of the Bureau of the Budget or an admin- munications to the ex-members of the of Representatives who knew him istrative officer in the FBI, give him the FBI. Perhaps the Senator might wish House to have upon recommended him as eminently qualified sensitivity and keen feeling and great that Commission one FBI high position. urge to protect our basic freedoms of operative, a graduate of the FBI school for that of investigation, Having watched his work as a mem- speech and discussion and dissent. one who would be most Appropriations Com- That is why I am raising the question able and well qualified. But, to follow ber of the House it through, would mitteee investigative staff, I would be in- here. we want the entire approve his own judgment of I am sure the distinguished gentleman Commission to be composed of FBI mem- clined to bers? Would we want his qualifications, and also the judgment will have some to speak in his behalf; other agencies of he served. but I cannot find in his record anything Government to use only FBI graduates of the members to administer their functions As his supporting witness, Mr. Charles which leads me to believe that for this and deal stated at particularly sensitive job, which may with highly technical and judicial prob- Kress, of Binghamton, N. Y., lems such and Foreign Commerce require so much to be done in the 6 or 7 as those which come before the Interstate years of his appointment, he has the this particular Commission? Committee hearings: background or the experience or the I wish to advise my friend that He was then a candidate for the office of in I took it judicial mind which would enable him, speaking of his very dear friend-and Assistant Comptroller General, and I am upon myself to try to line up some support, against all odds and against all exigen- sure he is a warm personal friend and I talked to a great number of people cies, to preserve the basic freedoms as of the junior Senator from Wisconsin- on his behalf. they apply to the radio and television nowhere in this speech will I attack the It was with great surprise and amazement fields. integrity, honesty, or ability of Mr. Lee that I learned subsequently that his ap- Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, will as a detective or as an accountant. I pointment to the Federal Communications the Senator from Oklahoma yield at this merely raise the question of his qualifica- Commission had been made. point? tions for this particular position, as is I knew that Columbus got east by going Mr. MONRONEY. I am glad to yield my right. In this west, but I never knew you could get on case are we fitting a the Federal Communications Commission by to my distinguished friend. square peg into a round hole? Are we running for Assistant Comptroller General. Mr. McCARTHY. As the Senator not wasting the very great experience I thought the committee would be inter- from Oklahoma knows, Mr. Lee had a which Mr. Lee has had in the field of ested in my opinion that his appointment very distinguished record with the FBI, balancing the budget or ferreting out a to the Federal Communications Commission and then served with the Appropriations few loafers or excess employees on the was certainly no schemed or devised plan. Committee of the House of Representa- Federal payroll, through the Appropria- It was just a ricochet romance. tives. tions Committee and in other ways? I So, Mr. President, now we are faced I wonder whether the Senator from believe that we have far too few men with the results of this "ricochet ro- Oklahoma, before he arose to criticize engaged in that task, men who have the mance." Is not the job of judiciously Mr. Lee, called J. Edgar Hoover and ability in that field which Mr. Robert and fairly administering the vast powers asked him, "Mr. Hoover, was Mr. Lee E. Lee has demonstrated. of the FCC worth more than a consola- one of your outstanding men? Does he As I stated earlier, I would vote in a tion prize? have good judgment? Do you have com- minute to confirm the nomination of Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, will plete confidence in his integrity and Mr. Lee for almost any position dealing the Senator from Oklahoma yield to honesty?" with fiscal affairs. However, in the realm me? I also wonder whether the Senator of the mind and the heart, it is the wish Mr. MONRONEY. I yield to my dis- from Oklahoma has contacted the mem- of Americans forever to keep unimpaired tinguished friend from Wisconsin. bers of the Appropriations Committee of their great liberties and freedoms. It is the House of Representatives, in order with that thought in mind that I raise Mr. McCARTHY. I notice that the the Senator from Oklahoma is criticizing to ascertain what they think about this question on the floor of the Senate. nominee. I am sure I shall lose. I am sure that Mr. Lee because at one time he sought Let me say that I have done so; I another job. I am curious to know have only a corporal's guard will vote as I contacted a number of the members of shall vote. However, I cannot help but whether the Senator from Oklahoma of the always got every job he sought, or if the Appropriations Committee think that it is important at this time, House of Representatives. Without ex- when too clearly we see that the price- sometimes he met with defeat, and ception, they say this young nominee is turned to a different job. less heritages handed down to us since one of the most brilliant, one of the before the Revolutionary War are some- As I recall, the Senator from Okla- most honest, and one of the most de- homa was not always a Senator. I think what in danger of being lost, either by pendable assistants they have ever had. accident, or because we are too busy to he also ran for some minor positions. They say he has done an outstanding I do not believe he was always successful. pay attention to some of the things job. He has never played politics. He which are happening on the fringe. I may say this is the first time I have has rendered just as much service to It has been frequently reported, as I heard a man criticized because when he Democrats on the committee as to Re- lost in one effort, he came back and tried have said, that President Eisenhower, in publicans. I am curious to know where keeping with his pledge to find the most again. the Senator gets any information of any Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, I kind which would reflect upon the hon- experienced and best qualified men to am glad the Senator from Wisconsin esty, integrity, or the good judgment of fill positions on boards and commissions, has brought up that point. I ran for this young man. would appoint to this Commission some- only one office, and was defeated the first Mr. MONRONEY. I am very glad the one who was a practical broadcaster. It time only-the office of serving in the distinguished Senator from Wisconsin was generally felt that, certainly in the United States Congress, in the House of has brought up that question because I Federal Communications Commission Representatives. But I ran again for should like to advise him that the junior organization, it was important that a the same job and the next time I made Senator from Oklahoma does not make practical broadcaster should have an ap- it. it a practice, on the floor of the Senate pointment. In fact, various men with CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25 years of practical experience as individ- sarlly have to be a mail man. I do not mean SI ask the Senate to indulge me as I ual broadcasting station operators and to be facetious. read a part of .the article. I wish Sena. network officials were prominently men- Certainly, in connection with Mr. Lee's tors to get the whole picture of the im. tioned in the press as the likely appoint- qualifications as an auditor or account- portance of what is going on throughout ees. I understand that several such per- ant, he is a man of ability. His work the 48 States. I read from the first of a sons were endorsed by Members of the for the Appropriations Committee cer- series of articles which were published on Senate for this particular position. Cer- tainly would qualify him for a position the subject by the excellent newspaper, tainly they were not Democrats. They with the Budget Bureau, for the posi- the Providence Journal: were not persons whom we were support- tion of assistant secretary in charge of THE FACTS ABOUT FACTS FORUM NO. 1: A RICa ing. The growing broadcasting and tele- the division of fiscal affairs, or even the MAN, GROWING POWER vision industry felt that somewhere in position of Assistant Comptroller Gen- (By Ben H. Bagdikian) this great machinery of control, perhaps eral, with respect to which the present Haroldson Lafayette Hunt, of Dallas, Tex., a practical, workaday experience at nomination has become a ricochet ro- may be the richest man in America, which, the local level might be of some impor- mance. if true, ordinarily would be of only passing tance. Mr. Lee argued it was necessary, in interest. Suddenly something happened, when order to understand any Federal Com- However, in the last 30 months Hunt has complications resulted in connection created an organization of growing power In munications matters, that the Commis- American mass communications and public with the General Accounting Office po- sion should have an accountant who opinion. sition, and the Federal Communications could understand the various reports This organization is Facts Forum. It is, Commission appointment of Mr. Lee was and statistics, and other documents with Hunt says, a nonpartisan, nonpolitical, edu. announced. No one knows exactly what which the Commission may deal. He cational project with strict rules against happened. The newspapermen men- argued that such a man was just as im- carrying on propaganda or attempting to in- tion various rumors. Apparently the fluence legislation. Except for anticommu. portant as an experienced broadcast en- nism."and particular place in the General Account- gineer, or an attorney. soil and water conservation, it has to be offered to Mr. no opinions of its own, he says. ing Office was not I seriously doubt whether accountancy On this basis Fact Forum has according to Lee, as was originally planned. is such a great asset. The principal duty its figures, gathered 125,000 participants in So his appointment to the Federal which the Federal Communications its various activities; it has obtained over Communications Commission was an- Commission has is not to audit books or a million dollars worth annually of free ra- nounced. Apparently it was a surprise submit budgets to Appropriations Com- dio and television time; it has presented to him, as well as to many of those who mittees. The Commission has offices to many famous Americans in various interview and panel shows; it produces had endorsed him for the other position, perform those functions. I seriously one network for which he had been trained, and for radio show and one network television-radio doubt whether it is too difficult to under- simulcast and is considering taking over a which he was qualified. His entire stand the balance sheet which is sub- third well-known radio show. Its network background has been one of accounting mitted by a man who is applying for a time is free. and of service with the FBI. At the time Federal Communication Commission On this same basis of nonpartisanship, of his appointment Mr. Lee said: license, whether for radio broadcasting it sends out a mass of literature and public It is possible that It could be a liability opinion poll to newspapers, radio stations, or television. So in considering his qual- of Congress. for a man to know too much about the field ifications for this particular position, I and to every Member when he took office. On this same basis it has obtained a Fed- question whether we should give the top eral tax exemption both for its expenditures Certainly Mr. Lee did not know too score to the ability which Mr. Lee un- and for its contributors. Recently, a former much about his new field, but if the qual- doubtedly has as an accountant. The moderator for Facts Forum was appointed to ification of lack of knowledge is to be regulatory work of the Federal Commu- the most powerful single body governing a new hallmark of competence for Gov- nications Commission is quasi-judicial. mass communications in America, the Fed- ernment appointment, this places a new I doubt the importance of an expert eral Communications Commission. knowledge of accountancy as a vital Facts Forum began officially In June 1951. twist on the matter of qualifications. It It helps create local discussion groups whose is in strange contrast to the often-re- prerequisite to this job. What I am con- basic information comes from the descrip- peated goal of the administration to find cerned with is whether Mr. Lee has the tion of both sides of national issues as in- and use the best-qualified men in their judicial temperament, the background, terpreted by Facts Forum. These both sides field for important Federal positions. and the determination to safeguard the presentations are broadcast over 222 radio The Senator from Florida [Mr. air channels in the interest of freedom stations on recordings made by Dan Smoot, SMATHERS] asked Mr. Lee the following of speech and freedom of opinion. an ex-FBI agent who is now chief moderator I am especially concerned with his for Facts Forum. The material for these question: broadcasts comes partly from a free circu- Have you had any experience at all in former connection and association with lating library with hundreds of titles and this Federal communication field? Facts Forum, as a moderator, and, more 20,000 books, which are given free to partici- important, as an adviser in the organiza- pants who get six other persons to read any Mr. Lee replied: tion of its expanded programs, includ- given book first.. Transcripts from the both Only since October 6. Well, in my work ing television. He was adviser to Mr. sides broadcasts are sent to interested listen- In the House of Representatives and in the H. L. Hunt, of Dallas, Tex. ers and are reprinted in the organization's Appropriations Committee, I had occasion If he has had any actual radio or tele- house organ, the Facts Forum News, which to attend the hearings and advise the mem- vision experience it is sent to 60,000 persons monthly. bers on questions asked. I think I would has been with the Facts Forum also conducts a public opin- be safe in saying I was reasonably familiar Facts Forum organization. In his testi- ion poll on certain selected questions, the with the organizational setup. mony before the committee he showed results of which it releases as news to 1,800 a considerable understanding of the op- newspapers, 500 radio stations, and every There again we have the mechanical erational details, and admitted that Mr. Member of Congress, some of whom introduce side. This testimony does not neces- H. L. Hunt, its moving spirit, had sought It in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. sarily indicate an understanding of the his help in Washington for advice in en- Facts Forum also pays for certain news- broad scope of control involved in the larging the program. paper and periodical activities by individ- work of the Federal Communications I am certain that this experience was uals. Commission. not such as would qualify a man for the It has 20 paid persons on its staff, mostly in I continue to quote: the headquarters in Dallas, with branch important post of member of the Federal offices elsewhere. It has a paid organizer Senator SMATHERS. You have never been Communications Commission. Rather, and speech instructor for use in localities in the radio field or the broadcasting field I think his association with this vast where Facts Forum activities are being or the technical aspects of It? propaganda machine, financed with tax- created. Mr. LEE. No; other than a few guest ap- exempt dollars, raises a big question of . In recent months Facts Forum has pearances. branched out into radio and television net- Senator SMATHERS. Do you think that ex- the wisdom of the confirmation of this nomination. I work shows. It now produces the Mutual perience is desirable or necessary for a Com- should like to read into Broadcasting system show, "Some of the missioner to do a good Job? the RECORD, for the information of the Nation," a half-hour radio show on 315 sta- Mr. LEE. I don't think so, any more than Senate, a few facts about Facts Forum, tions on free time. It also produces the it might be necessary for the Postmaster as developed in a very important series American Broadcasting Co. television-radio General. I don't think he would neces- in the well-respected Providence Journal. half-hour show, Answers for Americans, also 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 687 APPROVALFOR FORUM LACKINO For example, Facts Forum devoted one pro- on free time. Both shows have been favor- `UNANIMOUS by impartial critics.. With such admirable aims announced by gram to the question of whether advocating ably reviewed the overthrow These are in addition to a half-hour tele- Facts Forum, one would expect unanimous of the Government by force and violence should be punishable by show filmed by Facts Forum in Wash- approval. The town-meeting idea has always death. vision Presumably the two sides of tils question sent out free to 58 stations. The been popular in this country. And, indeed, ington and would be (1) Yes, the death penalty should Dan Smoot both sides program is on many national figures have expressed pub- basic be imposed, and (2) No, the death penalty radio stations. licly their full support of Facts Forum. 222 is too severe and present laws should remain. is These include Senator GEORGE MALONE, Sen- Incidentally, although the program ator HARRY F. BYRD, and Senator JOHN W. But as presented by Facts Forum, the pro- called a forum, I may interject here to BRICKER. death penalty argument was that Commun- say that it consists of Moderator Dan But there are some startling demurrers. nists threaten the security of 150,000,000 with himself. He de- This is odd for a nonpartisan educational Americans and therefore are guilty of a crime smoot debating worse than murder, which in many States is a bates one side of an issue for a part of enterprise. One of Washington's better known Washington correspondents, Carleton capital crime. the program and then takes the other Facts Forum's argument against the death of the issue. Kent, of the Chicago Sun-Times, offered half to debate the other side money for merely interviewing a Senator on penalty was made, in part, in these words: "The Of course, Mr. President, it is rather Facts Forum, declared, "I wouldn't touch real, subtle, accomplishing influence of communism difficult to tell how well he presents the that organization with a 10-foot pole." Sen- is achieved not by the card- facts on either side of what he calls the ator ESTES KEFAUVER, who appeared in one carrying members of the party or by the of the first Facts Forum television broad- publicly known fellow travelers, but by the two sides of the issue, or on the same people in the lunatic fringe which surrounds casts, said, "I wish I knew then what I know Dan Smoot side; and any connection the party. of a basic fair debate now about that organization." Senator WAR- with the concept REN MAGNUSON, who appeared on the first IT'S NOT THE COMMIES, BUT SOME WHO THINK is rather remote. Facts Forum television show with Senator THEY ARE ANTI-COMMUNIST I continue to read: MCCARTHY, was asked to make another Facts "People in this fringe group are never The moderator for Facts Forum on its two Forum appearance but declined. This is a identified as Communist sympathizers and network shows is now in negotiation to add pattern repeated by others. many of them seem to be unaware of it the MBS half-hour radio program, Reporters' Why there should be such unprecedented themselves. * * It is these people and not Roundup to the growing list of Facts Forum distrust of a nonpartisan educational organi- the Communists who are responsible for all activities. zation will be discussed in later articles. of the first-rate achievements of communism In the United States." The man behind this growing national or- If Senators will permit me to do so, ganization is probably the most obscure in- Facts Forum often repeats the thesis that dividual among the rich men of the world. I should like to read excerpts from the the Nation is in danger of complete collapse He broke his lifelong rule against personal second installment of the excellent se- because of subversion and that this is the publicity by announcing the formation of ries of articles published by the Provi- doing, not of Communists, but of certain Facts Forum but before that, H. L. Hunt was dence Journal. From it we get a picture people who think they are anti-Communist. Facts unknown even to many citizens of Dallas. of the mass production of propaganda, Forum concluded that to kill these people who think they are anti-Communist It is problematical whether Hunt is, as he and the articles show how propaganda would be to abridge their civil rights. has been labeled, the richest man in Ameri- can be cleverly brought on the air in ca or the man who comes closer than any- America under [Laughter.] a billionaire. the disguise of being pub- one else on earth to being A study of Facts Forum presentations of He abhors such terms. lic features of radio and television stations. both sides shows that there is a consistent The article continues with some in- approach to national issues and that this This is article No. 2: approach facts on Mr. Hunt's life. I involves these factors: teresting One of the most admirable projects a man 1. Facts Forum regards as on one side in should like to read one more paragraph of wealth could underwrite would be the one camp, the liberal, moderate, and con- which perhaps is quite descriptive. It stimulation of rational debate among Ameri- servative views. The other side Is the ex- reads: cans on the problems facing them. tremist right. Hunt made the bulk of his fortune dur- With the destruction of civilization a 2. In arguing for what it says is the view- possible penalty for unwise decisions, a calm ing the depression, a period which, he feels point of the liberal-moderate-conservative and judicious citizenry would have a better strongly, marked a deplorable tendency side of an issue, Facts Forum uses dryly ra- chance of surviving the perils of the among his fellow Americans to demand wel- atomic tional, subdued style. In arguing for what fare services from the Federal Government. and the totalitarian age. it says is the other side-the extremist When H. L. Hunt, the Texas oilman, came He feels that the Democratic Party, except right-Facts Forum uses highly emotional, out of a lifelong silence to announce such a for the Dixiecrat movement, is the instru- inflammatory language. program-a nonpartisan, nonpolitical educa- ment of socialism and communism in this tional organization-many persons hoped I am sorry I cannot readily imitate country, and that the Republican Party as arrived. presently constituted displays dangerously that this happy occasion had the commentator. I have heard several Into this organization, Facts Forum, Hunt radical tendencies. of his programs. poured hundreds of thousands of dollars un- * * * * * 3. Facts Forum presents what is often a til today it is a nationwide project of 125,000 Hunt supported General MacArthur for fair and factual description of the liberal- participants with a number of network moderate-conserative side. Then, in pre- the Presidency in 1948 and later, when the radio-television and other public-opinion general was deposed by President Truman senting its version of the other side, it devotes projects. much of its time charging the liberal-mod- and visited Texas in a special plane, Hunt The basic coast-to-coast radio program of was on his plane. erate-conservative element in this country Facts Forum is a presentation, largely on free with subversion, betrayal, and treason. time, of both sides of national issues as In- 4. On Facts Forum, personalities and I should like to continue by reading terpreted by the staff of Facts Forum and namecalling often dominate and facts are more about Facts Forum as published in given over the air by Facts Forum's chief the excellent Providence Journal. The moderator, Dan Smoot. forgotten. article continues: As this basic program progressed the Facts An example of how the both sides technique works is the Facts Forum broadcast of Facts Forum has existed for 30 months. Forum version of both sides made many listeners uneasy. They seemed to feel that both sides of the McCarran-Walter Immigra- During the first-and relatively quiet-half tion Act. It said of those against the act: of its life, Facts Forum both sides were not equal In emphasis as spent about 200,000 "The gallant fight against the bill was led tax-free dollars, and the Hunts interpreted by Facts Forum. gave Facts by Senators Humphrey, Lehman, Kefauver, Forum 219,000 tax-free dollars. Facts Forum In January of 1952, for example, Smoot gave both sides of a Facts Forum question, Moody, Benton, and Douglas. These cham- will not say what its current budget is. But "Should we negotiate whatever peace we can pions of real democracy and international in the second 15 months of its operations, get in Korea?" Of.Facts Forum members understanding certainly would not have tried it has expanded enormously. It has added polled, 85 percent had voted to stay in Korea, to defeat this bill if it had been a good one." at least 4 regional offices with paid organ- 15 percent to get out any way we could. To The broadcast then listed some of the organ- izers (1 in Hunt's birthplace, Vandalia, Ill.), the argument for staying in Korea, Smoot izations against the bill which, it said, "in- and entered network radio and television devoted less than 300 words of the broadcast, clude nearly all religious and racial groups, activities on a coast-to-coast scale. So there to the argument for getting out, more than the CIO and most of the A. F. of L. affiliates." is reason to believe that the $200,000 ex- 1,000 words. HOW FACTS FORUM PRESENTS OTHER SIDE penditures of the early months of Facts A PROGRAMON THE DEATH PENALTY FOR THOSE Facts Forum then presented the other side: Forum is only a fraction of the current WHO WOULDOVERTHROW THE GOVERNMENT Those who want to destroy the McCarran- budget. In those early months, the Hunts Some broadcasts also seemed to be not so Walter Immigration Act would throw open supplied more than 95 percent of the listed much both sides of a single issue, but merely the doors of the United States to the Socialist contributions. two versions of the same side. hordes of Europe. They are not worried CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE January 25 about the downtrodden people of Europe. "Korea. Police action or war? A question Mr. MONRONEY. The record does They want to flood America with people who for all Americans. This is Dan Bmoot for not show. I rather doubt that he did. have been drenched by the Socialist propa- Facts Forum." Mr. CASE. In ganda of eastern Europe-people who would any event, does the swell the tide of Socialist votes In our great Madam President, I wonder if any record show that Bob Lee has had any industrial centers. Member of the Senate, regardless of connection with getting radio time for This is the purpose of those who know which side of these issues he might take, Facts Forum since he has been a member what they are doing-the Americans for would say that these are facts. of the Commission? Democratic Action, whose aims and ideals Facts Forum has improved on the My. MONRONEY. I wish the distin. are almost identical with those of the So- business of creating propaganda by the guished Senator would allow me to de. cialist Labor Party of Britain; the American device of writing letters to the editor. velop that point. I think, first, it is nec- Committee for the Protection of the For- essary, eign Born, an officially cited Communist or- The Forum offers prizes for letters, at least, to let the Senate know ganization; the National Lawyers Guild, an- which are printed, to stimulate the abil- what Facts Forum is. If there shall be other known Communist front; and the Com- ity of people to express themselves to only one vote against the confirmation munist Party itself. newspapers. of Mr. Lee's nomination, I think the time And, of course, rallying around these is One of the most democratic institu- will have been well spent to have had the the usual clique of innocent dupes who don't tions remaining in America is Letters to Senate realize what can be done with know what they are doing-the gulliberals- the Editor, to which any citizen can ex- tax-exempt dollars and having hundreds who have always done the work of the Com- of thousands, munist Party. press his opinion in public print, barring if not millions, of dollars' Dan Smoot ended this Facts Forum broad- obscenities, libel, or commercialisms. worth of mass-produced programs sent cast with the words: Mr. CASE. Madam President, will the across the country by means of radio and "I have just given some views of conserva- Senator yield? television stations, programs allegedly tives who look upon the McCarran-Walter The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. giving both sides of a question. Act as one of the best and most generous SMITH of Maine in the chair). Does the I should like to develop that point in pieces of legislation ever enacted in America Senator from Oklahoma yield to the my own way. I think there is definite or elsewhere-and of liberals with an oppo- Senator from South Dakota? information which the Senate should site point of view." Mr. MONRONEY. I yield. consider in connection with the confir. Another time Facts Forum presented both mation of the nomination. sides of the question, Should we continue Mr. CASE. What connection does to handle Korea as a limited police action? Bob Lee have with Facts Forum? Mr. CASE. Is it not a fact that Facts The first part of the program was devoted Mr. MONRONEY. I will try to de- Forum was on the air long before the to the arguments of those who favor Ameri- velop that as I come to it. Mr. Lee was present administration took office? can intervention in Korea. It quoted the the moderator of the first three Facts Mr. MONRONEY. It was, but in a schoolish terms of Gen. Omar Bradley and Forum television shows. He testified, in rather feeble and ineffective way. The the relatively unemotional words of Adlai hearings before our committee, that on real purpose of the program, the real Stevenson. "Korea," it quoted Stevenson, business, one might say, was to give the "Is the most remarkable effort the world has at least three occasions he was called into consultation to advise with Mr. H. L. appearance of giving the opposition side ever seen to make collective security work. of a story. That In choosing to repel the first armed aggres- Hunt, in connection with the expanded point of view took on sion of the Communists, we chose to make program of Facts Forum. new meaning and a new figure about the time of which bitter sacrifices today to save civilization to- I shall discuss a further connection I am speaking. morrow * * *" Thus went in style and which sufficiently leads at least the Mr. CASE. Would the Senator say tempo the argument for handling Korea as that junior Senator from Oklahoma to be- was before or after Mr. Lee was a police action. lieve that it is sufficiently important to named to the Commission? Then came, as Facts Forum put it, "the Mr. MONRONEY. No; that was be- other side": merit discussion in regard to the confirmation of the nomination of Mr. Lee. fore. That happened several months be. "It Is a strange war for a man who has fore he was named to the Commission. been taught to love the American flag but Mr. CASE. Did Bob Lee ever have Mr. CASE. Is the junior Senator who now finds himself fighting under a blue Forum? from any financial interest in Facts Oklahoma aware of the fact that the flag representing a world organization of Mr. MONRONEY. Only as a com- which his enemy, the Soviet, is a member. junior Senator from South Dakota was mentator, for which he received $400 for the principal supporter and backer of "He is in a Korean foxhole as the result appearing in 3 shows, $100 of which, he of a United Nations order, but our Constitu- .another candidate for the particular po- tion says that only Congress can declare war. testified, he gave back. sition to which Mr. Lee was appointed? It's called a United Nations police action, Mr. CASE. Did he appear as moder- Mr. MONRONEY. I understand the but the United Nations' only noticeable con- ator, or did he appear as an arguer on junior Senator from South Dakota even tribution is the policy of appeasement which one side or the other? had ready a press release to announce keeps the Americans from winning * * * Mr. MONRONEY. He appeared as the appointment, at the time Mr. Lee's "It's cold up here in the winter-sometimes moderator on the TV program, and he appointment was announced. thirty below zero. If a boy cries his tears with turn to Ice. And then there is the enemy, also testified that in conference Mr. CASE. That is not correct. The always the enemy. Joe can feel him out Mr. H. L. Hunt, who apparently was in junior Senator from South Dakota was there in the blackness, and sometimes he can Washington, he gave advice and dis- in Europe at the time the appointment hear him. And sometimes when a star shell cussed programing, talent, and other was made. Furthermore, I have not bursts overhead, he can see him-not one, matters with Mr. Hunt, who has been been in the habit of giving press re- but thousands, moving relentlessly for- the guiding genius of Facts Forum, which • * * lease on anything, much less appoint- ward I am discussing. ments. In any event, I was interested "Presently the third assault wave starts, Mr. CASE. Is it not a fact that the and then the noise-the screaming, eerie in the candidacy of one Robert J. Dean, unearthly noise of mindless men in a banzai $300 or $400 which he received-- a man who was connected with the in- charge. And a boy from Texas starts firing Mr. MONRONEY. I think that is industry, and who I felt was very well as fast as he can feed clips into his auto- significant. I do not raise that point qualified. matic weapon. He fires until the gun is red against Mr. Lee. In spite of my great friendship for hot in his hands. The Commies die. They Mr. CASE. Is it not a fact that that Mr. Dean, and my belief that he would die by the hundreds, and fall In heaps; but was for either his services or his there are endless numbers of them. For amount have been the best man for the place, every one that falls, ten come up to charge expenses? I think it would be unfair to the delib- over his dead body; and some of them get Mr. MONRONEY. I presume it was erations of the Senate for me, knowing through--, 10, or a thousand. for his services. I do not raise that mat- Mr. Lee as I do, and knowing also the "Then it Is the kind of fight that man ter as a reason for disqualification. The responsibilities that members of the Fed- fought centuries ago; knives and fists, fingers Senator from South Dakota asked me if eral Communications Commission have, groping for eyes, the teeth seeking a soft Mr. Lee had a financial interest in Facts to sit in the Senate and not challenge spot in the neck. Maybe Joe will die in the Forum. Many persons, including news- some of the points of view which are slit trench, and maybe he will live-his by the distinguished hands sour and gummy with half-digested papermen, receive stipends for moder- being presented rice gruel ripped out of the stomach of a ating programs. junior Senator from Oklahoma. bleeding bundle of rags and bones at his Mr. CASE. Is it not a fact that Lee For example, the Senator from Okla- feet * *. tried for the job Smoot got? homa has mentioned the fact that Mr. 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 689 He is an account- Mr. MONRONEY. I am grateful for Newspaper readers in the vicinity of Dal- Lee is an accountant, las, Tex., have had many opportunities to ant. I was a Member of the House of the observation of my friend, the dis- the Senator tinguished junior Senator from South read letters by a "J. McCarthy, 1348 Highland Representatives, as was Road, Dallas" (presumably no blood relation from Oklahoma. I served on the Com- Dakota. Commissioner Walker had to J. McCARTHY, of Appleton, Wis.). mittee on Appropriations at the time served a full 6-year term as a member Once Mr. McCarthy wrote against Tru- Mr. Lee joined the staff. I am some- of the corporation commission, the reg- man's having intervened in Korea, another what familiar with his work. Appar- ulatory body of the State of Oklahoma time against social security, another time he was a very fine that deals with the handling of com- against all New Dealers and Fair Dealers, entiy we thought another time man, and I think the whole record does munications in that State, and as an accusing Truman of promot- other than that administrative officer in a quasi-judicial ing socialism and communism, another time not indicate anything pleading for an end of international give- he is an able accountant. post. I do not believe he ever was an aways, another time attacking then-Secre- I am certain the Senator from Okla- accountant. I think he was an attorney, tary of State Dean Acheson, another time homa must know that the Federal Com- an experienced man in handling that charging the United Nations with being "a munications Commission has responsi- type of work. I appreciate the high re- rabble of nations," another time urging a bilities that are not confined wholly to gard in which the Senator from South low legal limit to all income taxes. There are also re- Dakota holds one of Oklahoma's dis- These happen to coincide with the opinions radio and television. of H. L. Hunt, the multimillionaire Dallas sponsibilities in the field of the regula- tinguished former Members of the Fed- Commission. oilman who has created a nationwide voter- tion of the telephone and telegraph in- eral Communications education program called Facts Forum. Pre- dustries. Mr. CASE. In analyzing an industry sumably, however, Mr. McCarthy held these A few years ago there was a Commis- like the telephone industry, with the opinions sincerely, as he has a right to do. sioner by the name of Walker, who per- purpose of determining whether inter- But what most readers of Mr. McCarthy's formed very valuable service in connec- state long-distance telephone rates, for letters in the newspapers do not know is that tion with the regulation of the telephone one thing, should be modified, the ability Facts Forum paid Mr. McCarthy for writing result, certain orders to analyze financial returns and corpo- these letters. industry. As a Mr. McCarthy received, as a result of writ- were issued in consequence of which rate structures is of value. Mr. MONRONEY. It would be of ing these letters and other promotional ef- there was a reduction of telephone rates. forts for Facts Forum, close to $600 in the Obviously, the examination of the tele- some value, but in my opinion, most of first 15 months of Facts Forum's operations. phone and telegraph industries, partic- that type of work is done by expert ac- industry, as it was countants at the staff level. I believe the Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, will ularly the telephone the Senator yield? carried on by Mr. Walker, called not for distinguished Senator from South Dako- experience in the delineation between ta was right in the first place in oppos- Mr. MONRONEY. I yield to the Sen- freedom and nonfreedom in the expres- ing Mr. Lee for the nomination, because ator from Wisconsin. sion of opinion, but for a person who a certain seasoning and experience in Mr. McCARTHY. I wish the Senator knew how to analyze the financial cor- broadcasting is necessary for one who is would make it clear that the McCarthy porate structure of a corporation, de- to be a member of the Federal Com- mentioned as signing the letter is not preciation, and items of that sort. munications Commission. I think the the Senator from Wisconsin. Certainly if the contribution of Mr. Senator was right in the first place. Mr. MONRONEY. I certainly wish Walker to the telephone industry meant Mr. CASE. I still think my candidate to make that clear. I wish to state that anything to the country, it ought to be was a better man. he is not the Senator from Wisconsin permissible for the Federal Communi- Mr. MONRONEY. Does not the Sen- and is no relation; yet he received $600 cations Commission to have in its mem- ator agree that such practical experience for writing letters to the editor. I know bership someone who knows how to take as a broadcaster might be very beneficial the junior Senator from Wisconsin is apart financial statements. to the Federal Communications Commis- not going to bother to write letters to Mr. Lee has such knowledge. The sion? an editor in Dallas, Tex. Federal Communications Commission, Mr. CASE. I think it might be, but I Mr. McCARTHY. I may say for the which deals with radio, the question of do not think Mr. Lee is not qualified. I RECORD that the name McCarthy was rates, the question of depreciation, the think his ability will be valuable. I shall dug up by what the Senator calls the question of financial qualifications, with vote for the confirmation of his nomina- outstanding Providence (R. I.) Journal, respect to the granting of permits and tion. and inserted in the headlines of the licenses, would seem to me to justify Mr. MONRONEY. But it is my under- newspaper for the obvious purpose of having at least one accountant as a mem- standing that the position was to have trying to create the impression that the ber, when already there are 2 or 3 law- been filled by one who was supposed to McCarthy mentioned was the Senator yers, a couple of engineers, and perhaps have ability as a practical broadcaster. from Wisconsin or some relative of his. 1 person connected with the industry. I had thought the nomination might be All through the article "Senator Mc- I recognize that the Senator from given to the industry instead of to Mr. CARTHY" is mentioned. Then an un- Oklahoma has been very generous in let- Doerfer. But when his nomination was known man from Dallas is headlined. ting me make a few remarks, while not announced, the disappointment to the McCarthy was paid by Mr. Hunt for confining myself to questions. I ap- broadcasting fraternity was rather great, writing the letters. I think it is one of preciate his courtesy in that regard. because there never had been nominated the most dishonest and as snide an act Mr. MONRONEY. The Senator from anyone who had been a practical man in as any of which I have knowledge. The South Dakota has always been gener- the broadcasting field. article to which the Senator from Okla- ous with his time. One could do nothing Mr. CASE. I do not know about that. homa is referring attempted to create less than to cooperate in any way he I do know that I urged that it would be by innuendo the impression that the could with the opposition. valuable to have a man who had grown unknown McCarthy from Dallas was the Mr. CASE. As I say, I disqualify my- up in the industry and had been in the Senator from Wisconsin, or some rela- self from having any special interest in industry for something more than 23 tion of the Senator. I am sure the Sen- the appointment of Mr. Lee. As a mat- years. I still believe he would have been ator from Oklahoma is not trying to ter of fact, I was much more interested an excellent appointment. I do not re- create that impression. in the appointment of someone else. I tract anything I may have said in his Mr. MONRONEY. I am not trying to think unless there is a definite connec- behalf. At the same time, that does not create such an impression. tion between Mr. Lee and Facts Forum necessarily mean that Mr. Lee is not Mr. McCARTHY.. I realize that the in a malicious or evil qualified. Senator is merely reading the article as way, whatever the am not opinion of the Senator from Mr. MONRONEY. Madam President, a part of a very long series. I Oklahoma I am going to try to be as brief as I can. accusing the Senator from Oklahoma of may be regarding Facts Forum should not ac- not operate However, I think that the letter-writing any improper conduct. I am to reject the nomination of technique in the public forum of the cusing the Senator of doing what the Mr. Lee. Neither do I think the fact newspapers is rather illustrative of the newspaper was trying to do. However, that Mr. Lee is an able accountant would same technique which is used in this I repeat that the newspaper was guilty be a liability so far as the telephone and hitch-hiking method of supplying tailor- of a very dishonest and snide attempt telegraph industries are concerned. made propaganda and so-called opinion. in endeavoring to create the impression c--44 690 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 2 that the Senator from Wisconsin was In other words, $9 out of every $10 Yet this new propaganda machine, the the writer of the letters. I am also sure went to writers of letters to the editors largest and most ambitious ever set up that the article, again by innuendo, was expressing the views of H. L. Hunt, and in the United States to advocate and trying to set forth that Mr. Hunt had only $1 out of $10 went to those writing slant one point of view, under tax ex. contributed to my campaign. If Mr. letters opposing the views of the sponsor emptions for a charity foundation, rolls Hunt had contributed to my campaign, of Facts Forum. merrily on. Its massive station tie. he would have been welcome to do it. In order not to delay the Senate un- up is creating a new device in slanting I would have welcomed funds from Mr. duly, I should like to conclude as rapidly so-called free and equal discussion on Hunt or anyone else during the cam- as possible: public issues to promote the line of paign. However, I desire to make it At one time the one-sidedness of these thought held by H. L. Hunt, of Dallas, clear that so far as I know Mr. Hunt payments attracted attention and Facts Tex. contributed nothing to any campaign in Forum announced that from then on the This is particularly true in the larger which I was involved. I may say that payment would be equally divided between radio tie-up and is beginning to show he is perfectly welcome to contribute what Facts Forum called "Liberal" letters up in their new television program. I as far as I am con- and "Constructive" letters, presumably have talked with to any campaign, meaning what others have called "Liberal" numerous Senators cerned. and "Conservative." who have had experience with this pro. Mr. MONRONEY. There is no "keep But this, apparently, was soon abandoned. gram, and they have been doubtful about out" sign, Is there? In November 1953, Facts Forum announced the claim made for its presentations that Mr. McCARTHY. No; there is no payments of $295 for 10 letters, all of them they are fair and unbiased. "keep out" sign. expressing Hunt's opinions. In December Yet the newly appointed FCC Com. Mr. MONRONEY. I may say to my 1953, it announced payments of $360 for 11 missioner recommends this program as distinguished friend and colleague from letters, $275 for 9 pro-Hunt letters, $75 for 1 a good example of "public service pro. that I have other articles anti-Hunt letter, and $10 for one non-politi- grams" which radio and Wisconsin cal letter. television sta. which are worse than the ones with the The letters follow closely the Facts Forum tions carry in justifying their wave. McCarthy headlines, but they do not deal political thought in another respect. The lengths on the airways. How much of with the citizen from Dallas, Tex.; they letters sent to newspapers are, at Facts the new policy of "Facts Forum" and its are more or less on different matters. Forum's request, on subjects current in the planning and format are the product of The name "McCarthy" on the article I Facts Forum "public opinion poll." the new Commissioner will never be hold in my hand is in 8-point type. Each month Facts Forum mails out 120,000 known. There is no headline or even bold-face postcards with poll questions on them. It Mr. Lee did serve to launch the tele- printing in the article. I merely desire says it gets about 12,000 back. All signed vision program, and he cards are counted in the poll, Facts Forum moderated the to say that Mr. McCarthy, of Dallas, Tex., suggests that members fill out the cards to- first three programs at the personal re. has found it very profitable to write let- gether at their meetings. quest of Mr. H. L. Hunt "who called me," ters to the editor and collect money as The results are then incorporated into a said Mr. Lee, "and indicated that he was prizes. news release which goes to 1,800 newspapers thinking about embarking on this pro. Mr. McCARTHY. Will the Senator all over the country, 500 radio stations and gram. He wanted my assistance, not from Oklahoma yield? to all Members of Congress. The news re- because I was a moderator, I don't Mr. MONRONEY. I yield to the Sen- lease refers to It only as a "public opinion think, but because I was reasonably fa- poll." miliar with what the issues might ator from Wisconsin. However, In its own publication, the Facts be Mr. McCARTHY. I desire to an- Forum News, it Is described not as a cross- and so forth. I agreed to help him get nounce that there is to be a meeting with section poll-which most editors, radio news- it started." the Democratic members of the Investi- men and Congressmen would assume a "pub- In answer to a question by the Senator gating Subcommittee of the Committee lic opinion poll" to be-but as a poll of from Rhode Island [Mr. PASTORE]: on Government Operations. Therefore, "informed" (that is, Facts Forum member- Do you feel that Facts Forum is a fair much as I dislike to do so, I shall have ship) opinion. and impartial presentation of political is. to leave at this time. In the event that Madam President, there is much more sues to the American people? the debate is at an end before I return, on this matter which I should like to dis- Mr. Lee replied: I desire to make it very clear that I per- cuss, but I do not care to delay the To the best of my knowledge, I do. I have sonally have the highest opinion of Bob Senate unduly. listened to a number of these recordings Lee. He is a friend of mine. However, I recommend the series on Facts that were made, and depending on what I had nothing whatsoever to do with his Forum as interesting reading for any time you switch it on, you might wonder being nominated. Had I known that Mr. Member of the Senate who is concerned which side it is on. I think it has been Lee was seeking the nomination and with the problem of keeping fair and free presented very fairly, in my observation. I could I have been of assistance to him, I am not familiar with their literature. I have discussion alive in this great country of not read very much of it. I have listened certainly would have tried to be of as- ours. sistance. It happens that to a number of their recordings and I have I did not help Mr. LONG. Will the Senator yield? listened to a number of their television him obtain the nomination. He is a shows. good friend of mine, and I have the high- Mr. MONRONEY. I yield to the Sen- est possible opinion of Bob Lee. ator from Louisiana. As a private citizen, or even as an I thank the Senator from Oklahoma Mr. LONG. Is the Senator putting ordinary Government official, it is not for yielding to me. in the RECORD the article in its entirety, important whether Mr. Lee likes the Mr. MONRONEY. I am glad to have so that it may be available to any Mem- program or not. But as a member of yielded to the Senator from Wisconsin. ber who desires to read it in full? the highly sensitive Federal Communica- I may say to him that Mr. Lee also has Mr. MONRONEY. The entire pub- tions Commission, his activity for and the highest possible opinion of the Sen- lication has been put into booklet form. on behalf of "Facts Forum" and his re- ator from Wisconsoin. There was dem- If I can receive permission to insert it lationship with it, plus his approval of onstrated before the Committee on In- into the RECORD, I shall do so. I have its fairness and objectivity, become im- terstate and Foreign Commerce a very left out some of the articles which might portant questions to be considered by warm, close, personal, as well as political be considered highly controversial, re- the Senate, in reaching a determination friendship. garding the relationships of the. junior of whether to confirm this nomination, Mr. McCARTHY. I thank the Sena- Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. Mc- Let us bear in mind, Madam President, tor. CARTHY] and Mr. Hunt, and the Senator that all radio and television stations are Mr. MONRONEY. Madam from Wisconsin being Mr. Hunt's favor- under the life-or-death control of this President, in the choice of what getting back to the article, I should like ite candidate for President. I did not Commission, and to read further from it: want to include articles which did not public-service programs will be run on seem properly to belong in this discus- the individual stations the association Thus, out of every $10 paid to persons who got letters on sion. and approval of Facts Forum could be political issues printed in the in tipping the scales newspapers and then sent to Facts Forum From what I have personally heard important factors for "judging," $9 went to letter writers ex- over the air, and from what I have read of decision in its favor. pressing the view of H. L. Hunt and $1 to of its own publications, I would question Other programs, either the usual those with opposing views. whether it is either "Facts" or "Forum," forum program or straight commentary CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE 691 programs, most of them commercially associated with Mr. Lee, leads me to be- If a radio station did not choose to sponsored by non-tax-exempt businesses, lieve that the Facts Forum will enjoy carry the program or give time to it- do not have the advantages accorded to a very advantageous reception the next as in the case of one radio station here- Facts Forum. If the programs are time a representative of the Facts Forum then the owners of Facts Forum pur- slanted one way or another, the sponsor calls on the operator of a small radio chase time for the program. The pay- may hear of it from the listeners and station and asks him to include the ment made for that time comes out of his customers, and he may withdraw the Facts Forum in his programs. some tax-exempt dollars. program or correct the slanting. Com- At such a time I do not believe there As a result, the program would be on mentary programs by various newscast- will be a failure to mention that a mem- the air, regardless of whether it had to ers must stand or fall on the reception ber of the Federal Communications be paid for or whether it was carried in of the programs by the listeners. Either Commission was one of the first mod- free time. If payment were required, a program loses its popularity with its erators of the program, and has had a it would be covered by a nice, big, tax audience, and the station drops it, or it part in it. exemption. That arrangement would succeeds in the free-enterprise spirit of As a result, I fear that there will be a allow one man virtually to shout to the competition. Thus, in the long run, the loss of freedom of speech and a loss of millions of American people whatever public is-as it should be-the ultimate freedom of discussion on the part of ra- line of thought he wished them to hear, censor of the general run of programs dio-station operators, who may wish to and in the process he would enjoy a large of this type. say, "No, I do not wish to carry that pro- tax exemption. But Facts Forum is different. Not gram." Under such circumstances, will Madam President, another item which only is it completely tax exempt, but a radio-station operator be able to say, is quite unusual is that if a radio sta- if a radio station does not wish to run "No, I do not wish to carry the pro- tion does not wish to run the program the program as a free public-service program"? If the nomination is confirmed, free, those who operate the Facts Forum gram, time can be purchased by the will the average operator of a small radio program now have agents, so I under- foundation itself for as long a period station, who is asked to carry the Facts stand, who go to the operators of radio as may be desired by Mr. Hunt and his Forum as a part of the program of his stations or television stations and say to associates. station, feel, as do most Americans, that them, "Let us see if we can find you a In some cases the program, through he can run his own business in whatever sponsor for our program." So instead of the help of the Facts Forum agents, ac- way he may care to do? spending the money to buy the time, they quires sponsors to reach key spots for Mr. FULBRIGHT. Does the Senator have employees who go out and sell a paid sponsored broadcasts and television from Oklahoma know of any other pro- sponsor the idea of paying for the Facts programs. This has been done, accord- gram which might be able to compete Forum program. I have a letter in my ing to one writer from New York, by with the Facts Forum in presenting the files from a man in Long Island, New advertising oilfield equipment to the other point of view? York, stating that he hears the Facts audience on Long Island. Mr. MONRONEY. I know of no such Forum program. It is sponsored in New The big fear, however, regarding such device. York by an oil-well equipment company a mammoth propaganda device as this If the Republican Party or the Demo- in Louisiana or Texas. I am sure the oil one-which is without any control over cratic Party chose to go on the airways drillers spudding in the wells on Long Is- the slanting of so-called unbiased broad- with a political program or an educa- land and the roughnecks and mudhogs casts-is that Mr. Hunt now has a friend tional program, to be carried on any will listen every morning eagerly to the on the court. of the networks, first it would be neces- advertisement paid for from the income Mr. FULBRIGHT. Madam President, sary for that political party to raise of the oil-well drilling equipment com- will the Senator from Oklahoma yield funds, by means of individual donations, pany in Texas or Louisiana. So we have to me? to pay for the cost of the program. these devices which I believe can smother Mr. MONRONEY. I am glad to yield. However, the program would be paid for the voice of freedom and democracy, and Mr. FULBRIGHT. Is there a differ- directly; it could not be handled as a of fair, dispassionate discussion and the ence between Mr. Hunt and the ordinary Stax-free or tax-exempt transaction. right of dissent. sponsor of a program who depends upon None of the funds so donated would be Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, will the listeners for their continued support deductible from taxes, as this peculiar the Senator yield? in a commercial sense? Is Mr. Hunt privilege enjoyed by Facts Forum. Mr. MONRONEY. I yield. selling anything? Is there any effect On the other hand, the device used by Mr. FULBRIGHT. I understand that upon him in case he does not appeal to the Facts Forum is one which can be the Senator knows of no precedent for the good sense of his listeners? used by any wealthy man who wished to this kind of device for the utilization of Mr. MONRONEY. The Senator from tax-free money. have a great impact upon public opin- not. Arkansas has grasped the very point I ion; and by means of such an arrange- Mr. MONRONEY. I certainly do have in mind. In the case of an ordinary I do not think it has ever been tried be- broadcast by ment he will be able to write off the cost as Mr. a commercial firm, if the of the program, because of the tax- fore. It is a good device so far broadcast is slanted, even though it may dona- Hunt is concerned. Its success will purport to be an unbiased forum, and if exempt feature. In other words, probably result in repetition on other it is not actually such, the advertiser will tions to the Facts Forum program can fronts, because the device offers an op- hear from the listeners and from his cus- be deductible for income-tax purposes. portunity for one man sitting in his office tomers, and he will either correct the As a result, the program goes merrily to reach tens of millions of listeners and slant or he will drop the program. on its way. An announcer in a very carry on his particular line of thought. declares that he intends Thus, in the ordinary case the great mellow voice I have no objection to his carrying on American public exercises a form of to present both sides and give the so- his line of thought with everyone every- censorship, and it certainly has some in- called facts. The program is conducted where with whom he can get in contact. fluence on what is said on the programs. every week; and if a radio station wishes He can go up and down the street, or he In the ordinary case, the radio station to carry the program in some of its free can buy his own radio time on the air. or the sponsor is the judge. Further- time it has the word of the new Commis- However, I do not think such expense more, the American people exercise a sioner, who seeks Senate confirmation of should be tax deductible. I do not be- considerable degree of censorship by his nomination, that he considers the lieve we should encourage and build up means of their expressions of approval program an excellent public service. the power which I think I see building or disapproval. Moreover, numerous Thus it wille listedb as eing a very fine up behind this operation. persons may register complaints about public-service, news-commentary pro- Mr. LONG. Mr. President, will the the slanting of the program or about gram for a radio station. Senator yield? any devious means of short changing Therefore, Madam President, I believe Mr. MONRONEY. I yield. all over the lot, in the way that I and that in this case we are dealing with a Mr. LONG. The most objectionable other Members of the Senate have heard. new device, one previously unknown in thing the junior Senator from Louisiana The fear about such a slanting of our country, whereby any wealthy man can see in this picture is a program which the programs, about the advice given to who wishes to adopt such a charity trust tells the public that it is presenting both Mr. Hunt, and about the compatibility or educational scheme could almost mo- sides, when actually the entire purpose between Mr. Hunt and those who are nopolize the airways for propaganda. is to sell only one side, and give the 692 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25

Impression that the other side has been Carthyism in one paragraph of his 30- MCCARTHY] has demonstrated an inter. heard when the other side has been only minute speech. Immediately the Sena- est in assisting in the Milwaukee tele. very ineffectively presented. The idea is tor from Wisconsin demanded of the net- vision situation. On November 17, 1953, to present a very weak argument for one works equal time to answer the former the Federal Communications Commis. side, and marshal many strong-and in President of the United States. In this sion announced that it had turned down many cases misleading-arguments for demand telegrams were sent to the man- the new Hearst bid to get channel 10 in the other side of the case. agers of the three networks, but copies Milwaukee. On November 29, the Sen. Mr. MONRONEY. I certainly agree of the telegrams were also sent to mem- ator from Wisconsin announced publicly with my distinguished friend that it is bers of the Federal Communications that the Federal Communications Com. deceptive in the utmost to tell people Commission, including Mr. Lee. mission would come under the scrutiny that they are going to hear both sides, Whether because of fear of power of his Senate Investigations Subcom. and then wink and say, "We certainly resting in the Commission or because of mittee in the new Congress, when he short-changed them on the other side." persuasion on the part of the distin- would become chairman. Mr. LONG. If a station volunteers guished junior Senator from Wisconsin, Senators are probably familiar with free time for a program which, in fact, or because of a conception of fair play the published reports that it was over presents only one side of an issue, the I do not pretend to know; but 30 min- this question that Acting Chairman Paul station is in good conscience bound to utes of network television and radio Walker, of the Federal Communications allow an equal amount of free time for time on all networks was forthcoming, Commission, was summoned to the office the presentation of the other side of the and $300,000 in free air time was of the Senator from Wisconsin and ques. issue. awarded to the Senator from Wisconsin. tioned in a closed session of consider. Mr. MONRONEY. Under this new This was only a short time after Mr. able length. Apparently he was led to device they now say, "We presented both Lee had been placed on the Commission. believe that the meeting was an execu. sides." So it is not a question whether Would this time have been given by all tive session of the Investigations Sub. 100 words of dispassionate discussion three networks if they had not realized committee. He found that the whole took place on one side and 900 words on the strategic importance of the place- matter was over not granting a construe. the other, with inflammable adjectives ment on this sensitive agency controlling tion order until the change in the con. and descriptions. The station can say, communications of one of the best trol of the Federal Communications "We presented both sides." So the of- friends and political associates of the Commission had taken place. There has fended party or political point of view Senator from Wisconsin? been so much done in this case that it cannot be heard. It is estopped by this In many instances of broadcasters we has become a rather celebrated case, very clever device. shall not be considering the giants in which the people are watching. Mr. LONG. Then it is actually a de- the field, such as the networks. They So it is noteworthy to find that the vice to give the impression that the law will be the small 250-watt radio stations situation has changed materially in be. which requires that both sides be heard or the daytime stations which long for half of applicants who have ambitions over the air is complied with when actu- the privilege of broadcasting at night. for a Milwaukee station on the desired ally that law is being violated. They will be operators who must come VHF band. before the Commission for small orders, On September 30, 1953, almost con. Mr. MONRONEY. I certainly agree; unimportant in the national scheme of but it would be almost impossible in currently with the announcement of the things, but a matter of life and death to appointment of Mr. Lee to the FCC, a court of law, or before the Federal the station owner. Delay in approving Communications Commission, or before whose final appointment was announced a new location for a transmitter; tying by the White House on October 6, Hearst the Tax Court, to establish the difference up for further discussion permission to because this is a new device. Who is to Radio filed a petition requesting the as- go forward on a construction permit signment of channel 6 VHF for Whitefish be the judge of the fairness of the pres- after the license has been granted; and entation? First, Mr. Dan Smoot. But Bay, Wis. This is a suburb that is as the threat of new competition by re- near Milwaukee as any good TV station Mr. Dan Smoot works for H, L. Hunt, shuffling of wavelengths to install an- who pays his salary. I wonder if any could logically ask to be placed. In other other station in the owner's area, all words, although it is called Whitefish Senator believes that Dan Smoot, in the cause the station owner to consider that program commentary as he debates with Bay, it is literally another channel for cooperation with the Commission's those seeking a standard band TV for himself, would say anything that did not wishes is almost mandatory, and that give the impression that Mr. Hunt's side Milwaukee. Whether Hearst Radio knew discretion is the better part of valor. of the Lee appointment at the time it was winning in the argument. This reshuffling is not an entirely new This is something for us to think petitioned for the location of the new process, as we have already seen. Prob- channel is not certain. about. I expressed the fear that the ably the most celebrated television case smaller broadcasters, when solicited to However Broadcasting-Telecasting in is the Milwaukee case. There are two its issue of October put this program on the air, might cave highly sought after VHF channels allo- 12, 1953, reported in because the operator had friends high cated for commercial broadcasting in that the Hearst Corp. made its last ap- up in the Congress or on the Federal Milwaukee. One has been granted to peal for a channel in Milwaukee on Sep- Communications Commission. I wonder the Milwaukee Journal, and has been tember 30, 1953. It would appear that how many small broadcasters, wishing operating for some time, while the other Lee was at least under consideration for to discontinue the free time for Facts is still under consideration in connec- the post at that time, if it had not al- Forum, will have the courage to do so, tion with a contested application. A ready been given him. The following ap- after the confirmation of the nomina- third VHF channel was allocated for peared in Broadcasting-Telecasting on tion of Mr. Robert E. Lee. noncommercial educational use. October 12, 1953: How many will be fearful when so- I believe Members of the Senate are First indication Commander Lee had that licited to give their time on new stations aware of the hot fight which has resulted he was being considered for the FCC vacancy to this Facts Forum device? over this third channel, the so-called came in September the day before he left I am not talking in riddles or imagin- educational channel, which has been unfor Europe on an inspection trip of foreign ing ghosts under the bed. Whether Mr. der contest since March 1951. The aid activities for the House Appropriations Lee would or would not remember un- efforts of Hearst Radio to acquire this Committee. At that time he was one of kindly two proposed appointees for the vacant post any lack of consideration shown educational channel have resulted in of Assistant Comptroller General * * * a to Facts Forum is not so important as one of the bitterest controversies ever couple of days before the new Hearst appeal. is the fear that he might. It is that before the Federal Communications While in Europe September 26, the new Com- fear about which I think we must worry. Commission. missioner was directed to return to this We all remember the nationwide After some eight orders by the FCC, country and report to the White House. He broadcast carried by all three major net- Hearst Radio finally threw the case into reported to Sherman Adams, Assistant to the works to permit President President, October 1, and was at the White Truman to court on July 15, 1953, in an effort to House the rest of that week. answer the charges made against him open up the educational channel for Last Tuesday morning he was called to by Attorney General Brownell in the commercial broadcasts. In addition to the White House for a 9 o'clock appointment, William Dexter White case. During his the contests before the Commission at which time President Eisenhower signed broadcast Mr. Truman referred to Mc- itself, the Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. the FCC Commission. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE

Almost simultaneously with the ap- this great historic event, which did so It would seem to me that, acting as a much to assure us freedom of the press moderator on free pointment the Hearst application to programs, for which a channel from other places into and freedom of speech in this country. a man receives expense money only, as switch We are the custodians, not the owners of the testimony shows, does not so con- the Milwaukee area was filed, and then things suddenly started to happen. This this great right which many men have nect him with an organization, whether died and fought for to give us in America. it be right or chronology of events, of course, would not wrong-and I am not pass- by the television industry. As we consider this important nomi- ing on that subject-as to be a ground go unnoticed nation in what I believe to be Neither can the speed with which the the most of disqualification. I do not believe we acted in this matter. Although sensitive area of Government touching need to pass on that question. I have FCC on these priceless freedoms we more confidence most broadcasters and TV applicants should in the public than the for a long period of time on such ask ourselves: Is this appointment nec- distinguished Senator from Oklahoma wait essary and should the Senate confirm it? seems to have. matters, while studies are made and con- given, it took only from Sep- I would vote in a minute to confirm Mr. I believe that a radio program either sideration Robert E. meets tember 30, 1953 to October 8, 1953, be- Lee to almost any fiscal post with the public's approval or with powers of the Commission on in the Government. I believe in his hon- its disapproval, and that a radio program fore the esty. No one has heard me stands or falls entirely Rule Making assigned the new chan- use the on its record. If Whitefish Bay as petitioned for Maryland election case, with which he a radio program presents propaganda nel to was connected, as a in the form of facts, by Hearst Radio. disqualifying item the listening people days were given for complain- in considering his nomination. My ob- soon ascertain that to be the case and Thirty jection goes to a much more important pay no further attention to it. If the ants to file their objections to this re- TV bands. Obviously, if a new question. It is: Is this man truly con- truth is revealed by a program, and I shuffle of scious-I say have no reason to believe that that is not television channel is to be assigned to "conscious," and do not use something else must be done any other word-of the terrific impor- the situation in connection with the pro- Milwaukee, tance of what rests in his hands in pre- gram under discussion, the public will around the circle to make it possible, and be made in other places. It serving the priceless freedom of speech approve of the program. Therefore, I shifts must and the right of dissent? believe that fact is relatively insignifi- required a change in channels for Mar- which formerly had chan- I do not believe his background as cant and of little importance in connec- quette, Mich., tion with the pending nomination. nel 5. In this reshuffle, Marquette, an expert auditor or his fine service as assigned channel 6. In addi- a detective is in the line of thought that Not one question was asked of Mr. Lee Mich., was which he did not answer honestly and tion, to making available TV facilities for would lead me, as a reasonable man, or Bay and Milwaukee, the allo- would lead other Members of the Senate, straightforwardly, as it dealt with his Whitefish relationship either on the outside cation of channel 6 to Green Bay, Wis., to believe that he would defend with his or in and in its place it became very life the right of dissent and the connection with the Federal Communi- was changed cations Commission. I doubt if there are the allottee of channel 5. right of freedom of speech. course, in- Mr. DIRKSEN obtained the floor. many members of Government commis- Such changes as these, of boards who could come before Lansing, Mich., Mr. BRICKER. Madam President, sions or volve other problems. will the Senator from Illinois yield? our committees and make a more thor- filed a complaint that the new allocation signals and Mr. DIRKSEN. Madam President, ough analysis of their responsibilities would interfere with their and duties than did Robert E. Lee. I in Davenport, Iowa, also com- may I defer to the distinguished Senator WOC-TV I understand he wishes to think anyone reading the report of the plained to the Commission. from Ohio? burst of speed, leave the Chamber for an appointment committee will come to that conclusion. However, with this new downtown. Then, I shall be able to take After a few months of association in 23 days later the Commission approved he had a grasp station al- my time in discussing the nomination his responsible position the order finalizing the new before the Senate. of the functions of the commission which location. It is now undergoing contest He had for The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without to my mind was very unusual. by three applicants who are asking objection, the Senator from Ohio may an understanding of its functions and its the grant of the license of this newly that marked him, area. proceed. operating philosophy created channel for the Milwaukee Mr. BRICKER. Madam President, I I think, as a man of very great intelli- Mr. LEHMAN. Madam President, thank the Senator from Illinois for yield- gence and of great devotion to the duties will the Senator from Oklahoma yield? ing to me. I have an important appoint- of his office. It is very difficult, in the Mr. MONRONEY. I yield to my dis- ment downtown in a few minutes. The short space of time in which he has tinguished friend from New York. nomination of Robert E. Lee came be- served, to pick up the technicalities of Mr. LEHMAN. I expect very shortly fore the Committee on Interstate and a commission such as the Federal Com- to make some brief remarks in opposi- Foreign Commerce, and it was at that munications Commission. There is not tion to the confirmation of the nomina- time that I first met Mr. Robert E. Lee. a member of the committee who felt tion of Mr. Robert E. Lee. In the mean- I had heard of him and knew of his that Mr. Lee was not an able, straight- time, I wish to congratulate the distin- distinguished service in the House Com- forward, honest, and sensible man. I am guished Senator from Oklahoma for the mittee on Appropriations, about which one of those, and I believe I speak for speech he is making. In my opinion, he my distinguished colleague, the Senator a great majority of the committee, who has rendered a very real public service in from Illinois [Mr. DIRRSEN], will speak think he will do an excellent job and disclosing the facts to the Senate and, shortly. I knew of his accomplishments render a constructive contribution. I hope, to a great segment of the Amer- as an auditor in the field of finance. I desired to bring this much to the ican people. They are facts which have However, I can say for a majority of attention of the Senate. I do not want not been understood previously and the committee that it has been seldom the Senate to consider the extraneous which should be known. Thanks to the that a man has made a better impres- matters which I think have been pre- Senator's speech, the situation will be sion on our committee than was made sented, but I do want it to appraise the much more clearly and fully understood by Mr. Robert E. Lee. testimony of Mr. Lee himself, who was than heretofore. His nomination was favorably reported asked every conceivable question in the Mr. MONRONEY. I thank the distin- to the Senate by a vote of 11 to 1, with hearing, and his answers were given in guished Senator from New York for his 1 member abstaining and reserving the a straightforward, honest manner. kind remarks. right to speak on the floor, or to vote The distinguished Senator from Illi- In closing, Madam President, it should against the confirmation of the nomina- nois [Mr. DIRKSLN], in his capacity as be noted that through the ages the free- tion. a Member of the House of Representa- dom of speech, the right of dissent, and I shall not concern myself with the tives, has had a personal relation with the right of circulation of information matters presented this afternoon by the this man. He knows his qualifications. have been cherished prizes of a free peo- distinguished Senator from Oklahoma The Federal Communications Commis- ple everywhere.. We need go back only [Mr. MONRONEY]. He opposed the rec- sion is a commission dealing with the to the case of John Peter Zenger for an ommendation by the committee of the technical relationships of a new and ex- illustration of what I have in mind. I confirmation of Mr. Lee's nomination, panding industry. There are lawyers on have seen the yellow pages of a book, and voted against the recommendation the Commission; there are businessmen with its oldfashioned s's, dealing with in the committee. on it. If ever there was a time in any 694 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25 of the Government departments when Manifestly, it has not come to my at- I trust I do him no injustice-as being there was need for someone who under- tention. a little leftish. I shall let the descrip. stands figures, who knows accounting, It has been recited by my friend from tion stand right there, but I do not know who can read and understand a balance Oklahoma that there has been rather that Mr. Fly, in the sense we are talking sheet, and can deal with a great public meager oral testimony in behalf of Mr. of, had experience in this field, as an interest in an efficient manner, that time Lee, that representatives of the indus- accountant or otherwise. In fact he was is now. try did not appear. Is Mr. Lee an advo- a lawyer. So, I think, instead of his being dis- cate of the industry, Madam President? I remember when Clifford Durr was a qualified because he has not been a Certainly, if we are going to be objec- menber of the Commission. Could it be broadcaster and has not owned a radio tive about it, we do not want someone said that he had any technical experi. station, he shows eminent fitness for the who has an interest to come before the ence? He had none whatsoever. position because of the fact that he has committee and be an advocate. I should But Bob Lee has had plenty of ac- an understanding of finance. He has much rather have the testimony which counting experience. Senators may been associated for many years with Mr. Lee himself presented to the Com- wonder at my interest in him. Bob Lee Government finance. In his Govern- mittee on Interstate and Foreign Com- comes from Chicago. He was educated ment representation, he has also been on merce than to have the testimony of at DePaul University. He has been an the side of economy, which is very much National Broadcasting Co., Columbia auditor and an accountant for a long needed by the boards and commissions Broadcasting System, or any radio or time. I remember when he came to the downtown, which too often, I think, have television station in the United States FBI. Later he became chief of the in- spent beyond the needs of the public serve as an advocate for his cause, be- vestigating staff of the House of Repre- interest. cause I am afraid that, then, some sus- sentatives. Never was there a better or So, Madam President, I am very happy picion might arise as to whether he was more thorough chief of staff. Never did to report on behalf of the committee an exactly the right person for membership we have consolidated in one personality 11-to-1 vote in favor of the confirmation on a quasi-judicial or regulatory body of such a wide acquaintanceship with the of the nomination of Robert E. Lee. the Government. ramifications of government. Mr. DIRKSEN. Madam President, It was said-and I say this in all kind- So when it comes to the nomination notwithstanding the deep affection I ness-"I am afraid he does not have the of an accountant, what have we in the have for my old friend from Oklahoma necessary sensitivity." book? Look in the directory. The ac. [Mr. MONRONEY], with whom I served That is pretty nebulous, pretty difficult counting section of the Federal Com. so long in the House of Representatives, to put one's finger on. But I hope we munications Commission is set up sepa. I thought his argument and analysis shall never reach the time when in pass- rately, and there is plenty of emphasis constituted indeed a curious exercise in ing upon persons nominated for Gov- on it. Is it not about time that we had logic. One might say that he expressed ernment positions we ask the question, on the Commission someone schooled in an idea of guilt by association. I could "What is your sensitivity I. Q." What the intricacies of accounting and audit- not tell whether the name of Mr. Hunt, does it mean? Is it that he has not the ing, to be able, as an expert, to dissociate of Texas, or the name of Robert E. Lee right kind of urge? the items which appear in applications, appeared on the Executive Calendar. As We have to put these things on solid and to determine what the assets and the I listened to the argument I tried to at- ground. It may be that Mr. Lee has some liabilities are, and how long the appli- tach to it some logical thinking in my moral and spiritual allergies. Maybe he cants are likely to remain in business? own mind. It reminded me of the ad- has some peculiar sensitivities. But we My friend, the distinguished Senator vice an old lawyer once gave to a young are heading for many difficulties if, from South Dakota [Mr. CASE], will re- lawyer. He said, "When the law is whenever a person nominated to a Gov- call that when the Western Union-Postal against you, argue on the facts. When ernment position comes before a com- Telegraph merger was under considera- the facts are against you, argue on the mittee, we try to ascertain whether he is tion before our committee, it was almost law. When both the law and the facts on the right spiritual frequency. I sup- entirely a legal and an accounting propo- are against you, just raise hell gener- pose that is what "sensitivity" means. I sition. That merger came under the ally." should dislike to be in the position of jurisdiction of the Federal Communica- The argument seemed to be sort of a saying to a person who has been nomi- tions Commission. general observation which it was rather nated for a judgeship or a United States Thank goodness, we occasionally get an difficult to follow. I thought it was attorneyship, "I am sorry, my friend, accountant who has some facility in the rather philosophical in nature. The but your frequency is all wrong; your rather abstruse figures and statistics Senator said there is a fear that Mr. urges are bad; your sensitivity goes in which are presented, who is able to tear Lee may not be the right person for the the wrong direction." them apart and make them understand- position. Where is that fear enter- Obviously, Madam President, we do able and clear, and who can make his tained? not turn down a good American citizen contribution in this field, as he can in any We have more radio and television sta- who has been nominated by a great other. tions in one county in Illinois than there President, on the thin and tenuous and Mr. CASE. Mr. President, will the are in the whole State of Oklahoma. I slender basis that possibly his vibrations Senator yield? think that will stand up as a statement of are wrong. Mr. DIRKSEN. I am glad to yield. fact. No television station has written It has also been said that Mr. Lee does Mr. CASE. I concur in what the dis- me to express a fear about Mr. Lee. No not have the necessary experience. My tinguished Senator from Illinois has said broadcasting station has called me on friend from Oklahoma was in the House about the importance of accounting work the telephone or sent me a letter or a of Representatives in the days when a in the Federal Communications Commis- telegram expressing some fear about Mr. lawyer by the name of Lawrence Fly was sion. As I pointed out earlier, not merely Lee's capacity or that his thinking or his Chairman of the Federal Communica- was accountancy important in connec- objectivity is wrong. None of the stations Commission. I was a member of tion with the merger of the Western tions in my immediate area have written the Appropriations Committee of the Union and the Postal Telegraph, but to me about it. House at that time. I think my distin- there was a very much publicized investi- I finished today a program for five guished friend from South Dakota [Mr. gation relating to the regulation of the television stations, which I do every Mon- CASE] was there at that time. I know telephone industry which was carried on day. I finished a broadcast for five radio the Senator from Kansas [Mr. CARLSON], by the Federal Communications Commis- stations, which I also do on Mondays, the Senator from Maryland [Mr. BEALL], sion. That field is comprised within the and none of my friends there sent me a the Senator from Idaho [Mr. DwoR- duties of the Federal Communications line to indicate that they entertained SHAK], the Senator from Arizona [Mr. Commission. I am certain the Senator any fear about the state of mind or the BARRETT], and the Senator from Tennes- from Illinois remembers when Commis- attitude or the capacity of Robert E. see [Mr. GORE] were all Members of the sioner Walker made his investigation of Lee. House at that time. There came before the telephone industry. It might have So, Madam President, I wonder where the committee a man by the name of been better if he had known a little more this fear lodges. I have not sensed it. Lawrence Fly, sometimes regarded-and about accounting at the time. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 695

Mr. DIRKSEN. Along with broadcast- unfit to serve on the Federal Communi- the nomination of Dean Acheson, he ing and television, a knowledge of ac- cations Commission. said: counting is indeed a valuable addition to Mr. CASE. Mr. President, will the If there Is no showing of moral obliquity, the setup of the Federal Communica- Senator yield? I do not believe that I can very well contest tions Commission. Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield. or set myself up against the nominating distinguished Senator Mr. CASE. I do not wish to leave the power in the Government, namely, the My friend, the President. So if the President wishes to Oklahoma [Mr. MONRONEY], says matter quite there. I am not against from any moderator simply because he is a nominate a particular individual, and if the that Mr. Lee does not have experience. record shows no moral laches, I do not be- sometimes one good accountant is better moderator. The statement has been lieve I am in too good a position to object, than a lot of other talent and a lot of made that Mr. Lee was never a partici- unless there is some other showing in the other capacity when it becomes neces- pant on the program, but that he was record that is very, very persuasive, indeed. a job moderator. I do not think that should sary to go directly to the heart of There has job that is expected disqualify him. Neither do I think that been no reflection upon or to one facet of a Mr. Lee's character, but I think there to be done. Elair Moody, or any other moderator, from Okla- simply because he is a moderator on a has been a rather peculiar imputation. The distinguished Senator First of all, in the discussion by the homa also says he has some anxiety that program, should be accused of being par- tem- tisan. In fact, I think to the contrary. Senator from Oklahoma we heard the Mr. Lee does not have a judicial name of the Senator from Wisconsin perament, and he sought, of course, to I think many Members of the Senate to have appeared on Facts Forum as par- [Mr. MCCARTHY] intruded. I probably implement that premise by referring know Bob Lee infinitely better than does Mr. Lee's activities with Facts Forum. ticipants. was once The Senator has emphasized, I think, the Senator from Wisconsin. I have The fact of the matter is that I known him for years. I saw him in on Facts Forum. I appeared with the that when Mr. Lee was connected with from Ten- Facts Forum in those three instances, action on the House side, and I believe distinguished junior Senator we could get scores of Members of the nessee [Mr. GORE.. We discussed the it was at the outset of the development It must of that program, and had nothing to do House of Representatives to testify in Tennessee Valley Authority. behalf of Bob Lee. So I prefer not to see have been a world-shaking program, be- with the operation of Facts Forum under Dan Smoot, who has become moderator that imputation in the RECORD go un- cause it happened that downtown, just answered. aboeit the time we were in the midst of more recently. Furthermore, it ought our discussion, debating back and forth, not to be forgotten that Facts Forum The question of the White Fish Bay bolt of lightning came across the was on the air long before Mr. Lee ever station was raised, the implication being a great that there was involved sky and there was a clap of thunder. I was a member of the Federal Communi- a tiny element thought the blast would blow out the cations Commission. which had something to do with Mr. ceiling. I thought, "At long last, we Mr. DIRKSEN. The Senator from Lee's being nominated and put on the really must have registered on Facts South Dakota is absolutely correct. Commission. In response to that let me Forum." That was the only time I have Let me speak about the question of suggest that Bob Lee is not the whole been on Facts Forum. I wonder if Sena- experience. Suppose Mr. Lee has not Federal Communications Commission. It tors would care to hold up their hands, been a technical man in the broadcast- appears to me that there are seven mem- to see how many have been on Facts ing field. Suppose he does not know the bers on the Commission, some of whom Forum at one time or another. I sup- difference between an ohm and an am- are holdovers. Where were they? This pose a very substantial segment of the pere in the field of electronics. I can is not a one-man show. We expect mat- United States Senate has appeared on only say that if the Commission is a ters coming before the Commission to be that program. But Mr. Lee has served quasi-judicial body, and if we expect decided by a vote of the Commission. So as moderator on three programs of Facts judicial determination from the Federal it is strange indeed that the White Fish Forum. What does that have to do with Communications Commission, then Bay case, about which I know nothing, judicial temperament? If Senators ap- there is even some value in making sure is trotted out here to indicate that its pear on the program of Blair Moody, a there is no prejudice, one way or the approval was somehow timed with the distinguished former Member of the other. appoinment of Bob Lee to the Federal United States Senate, do they invite the The Senate confirms nominations of Communications Commission. Unless criticism that, suddenly, somehow, by appointees to the bench whom we expect the record can establish the truth of some mysterious force, it has had an im- to have no prejudice on one side or the such an imputation, it should not be pact upon their judicial temperament? other. How many persons who are allowed to stand unimpeached and un- If Senators appear on the program nominated to the Federal district courts rebutted. As I have said, this is not a Meet the Press, is that to be used as an for the first time know very much about 1-man Commission with which we are argument, one way or the other, as to patent law, or about other specialized dealing; it is a 7-man Commission, and judicial temperament, or does it have fields of law or litigation? But their if there was something wrong with the any bearing upon one's capacity to serve minds are open. They are selected be- approval of the application for the White on a quasi-judicial body or regulatory cause they have some judicial tempera- Fish Bay station, why not have the ap- agency of the Government? ment and can resolve questions, not from propriate committee of Congress call all Mr. CASE. Mr. President, will the the standpoint of past experience in a the members of the Commission before Senator yield? technical field, but because their minds it and ascertain what they know, because knew the Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield. have the capacity to deal objectively with there is a presumption they all facets of a case presented to a court. facts, and there is a presumption also Mr. CASE. I think the proper ques- that they were fortified with all the facts tion would be, Because Blair Moody is Mr. Lee is in that happy position, but his position is also implemented by the before final judgment and approval was connected with his program as a mod- the application. erator, would he fact that he is an accountant and an given be disqualified from act- When all is said and done, what re- ing in a judicial capacity on a Federal auditor, and in that respect he can bring much ability to the Commission. There mains of the argument which has been board, whether or not he participates in home the program? has been no reflection upon his integrity; made? Have the people back telegraphed Senators, or called them up, Mr. DIRKSEN. Under the circum- there has been no impeaching of his honesty; there has been no reflection and shuddered over the telephone as they stances, I should prefer not to comment said, "We are all apprehensive about Bob on that. I think every upon his moral outlook. I am glad to Senator is free note that, as a matter of fact. Lee going on the Federal Communica- to comment for himself, and the answer, tions Commission." Have they called of course, I think I may say that on an occasion would be quite obvious. a long time ago, when I talked to our Senators up and said, "He has not the The strategy is that because Mr. Lee late beloved and esteemed colleague, right sensitivity." That is very interest- has served three times as moderator, for Senator Taft, about his attitude upon ing indeed. I do not know what my which he received $400, and turned back nominations that came before the Sen- sensitivity is. I do not know what fre- $100, suddenly, through the doctrine of ate, and I told him that some persons quency I am on, what my wavelength guilt by association, he has now become had scolded because he had approved is, but I have known Bob Lee long enough CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25 to believe that his wavelength is pretty office for nearly every position in the regard it, that is their business. But I good. Government, and I am very glad when am afraid that some may be rather care. It is said that he is not of the proper I can get an appointment. less in considering the question of free. temperament. Let those who so assert Mr. MONRONEY. The Senator has dom of speech, and some may even go follow that statement out and say no recollection whether he endorsed this so far as to consider that some political whether they mean moral, spiritual, or applicant or not? party might consider boycotting a Pro. what. Then I can make a better answer. Mr. DIRKSEN. I may have endorsed gram. It may be suggested that he has no three, and if I had had more, I would Mr. DIRKSEN. If the Senator can experience. He has had much experience have probably endorsed more. mention to me a greater and more de- in the field of accountancy, and infinitely Mr. MONRONEY. The Senator has voted citizen in the United States than more in a specialized field than others no recollection whether he endorsed Rob- Bob Lee, I shall just hang my head. I who have gone on the Commission. I ert E. Lee for Assistant Comptroller Gen- am sure my colleague's experience in the think his mental processes are pretty eral? House of Representatives, where he had sound, and I have had an opportunity to Mr. DIRKSEN. I have no recollection a chance to observe Mr. Lee's work as appraise them for a good many years. about it, but if I did, I am very glad chief of staff of the House Appropriations So what is left of the argument that is I did. Committee, will cause my friend, the made? Exactly nothing, and I sincerely Mr. MONRONEY. The Senator's idea Senator from Oklahoma, to bear out that hope that the Senate will in due course of the relationship between one job and statement. proceed, if a roll call is insisted on, to another is that they are all the same-- Mr. MONRONEY. I am not at all un. give Bob Lee a whacking majority, af- Mr. DIRKSEN. And that deserv- happy about Mr. Lee's ability as an audi. firming our confidence not only in him, ing Republicans should have them. tor. but also in the appointing power, namely, [Laughter.] Mr. DIRKSEN. That is right. the President of the United States. Mr. MONRONEY. The administration Mr. MONRONEY. But I wonder Madam President, I have had some ex- is certainly appointing Republicans, and about his ability as a judge. perience with personnel. I have had we are trying to pick out the most de- Mr. DIRKSEN. After all, Madam opportunity to recommend the appoint- serving Republicans. The Senator was President, a fear can arise only if there ment of a number of judges and district good enough- is within the person concerned some. attorneys and United States marshals. Mr. DIRKSEN. Let me interrupt the thing that excites the fear. But one I have had opportunity to suggest the Senator before he gets away from that who has served his country as a patriot names of a few people in the Diplomatic point. I am not timid about the patron- and as a good public servant certainly Service, some very high, some not so age matter. The Republicans are in should not excite, in the heart of anyone, high. I have had a chance to suggest control, and I have been serving in Con- any fear as to whether he will be a good names for appointment to the various gress for 20 years and never before this citizen. agencies of the Government, and I have year have I had the opportunity to Mr. CASE. Madam President, I was been happily surprised, I have been recommend the appointment of a post- going to ask whether the Senator was gratefully astonished, by the fact that master. I am doing my best to get a few confusing the Facts Forum program as in every case a thorough investigation is offices now and then, and I am going to conducted under Mr. Lee with the Facts made that the committees look into the work harder at it. If we could not get Forum program as conducted under Mr. records of the appointees with a fine- Bob Lee appointed as Assistant Comp- Smoot. I understand that Mr. Lee was tooth comb, that the President of the troller General-and he would have made connected with the program in its early United States, before he sends a name a good one-then, of course, when he is stages, and that he acted solely as a to the Senate for its advice and consent, nominated for a place on the Federal moderator in the presentation of ques. has had the FBI go through the record Communications Commission I am glad tions to be answered by various other so that he can in good conscience send to get behind him and push the appoint- persons who participated in the pro- the nomination here and say, "This nom- ment. grams. ination has been adequately investigated Mr. MONRONEY. It does not make I do not care to go into detail about before it has been sent to the confirming any difference what the job is? the program, because I do not know body, the Senate of the United States." Mr. DIRKSEN. He must naturally enough about it. However, the type of When we vote today we not only cast a have s6me attribute to fit him for it, and program about which the Senator from vote of confidence in a young man in Bob Lee has; and the Senator from Oklahoma complains was the type which whom I have the highest confidence, but Oklahoma knows he has. was carried on after Mr. Lee left the also in an appointment made by the Mr. MONRONEY. I have known him Facts Forum. President of the United States. as an auditor, and I still question the Mr. MONRONEY. I have tried to Mr. MONRONEY. Madam President, Senator's statement; but I will not labor point out clearly that the new vigor and will the Senator yield? that further with the Senator. new life and "new look" of the Facts Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield to the Senator The Senator has mentioned some of Forum program occurred after three from Oklahoma. the radio programs, among others that conferences, I believe, which were stated Mr. MONRONEY. Will the Senator conducted by former Senator Moody. to have lasted approximately 30 min- be good enough to tell us whether he has Does he not think such a program is dif- utes each, with Mr. Hunt, the operator not heretofore advocated that the broad- ferent from a program that is slanting and entrepreneur of Facts Forum. casting industry itself should be repre- the news? Since then the Facts Forum has had the sented by membership on the Federal Mr. DIRKSEN. The Senator seems to new imprint. Whether the new moder- Communications Commission? come to the conclusion that because Bob ator or the old moderator is responsible, Mr. DIRKSEN. I have not the slight- Lee managed three programs for Facts or who suggested the new format, is not est idea whether I have or not. My Forum suddenly it has had an alchemical clear. identity with the broadcasting industry, and magical effect upon his mental ca- Mr. DIRKSEN. Madam President, I except to speak in the microphone, has pacity and judicial temperament. Does know nothing about the "new look" or been rather tenuous indeed. I know the Senator have that experience when the new vitality, or that sort of thing; very little about the industry. I have he goes on the program Meet the Press? but I know that Bob Lee has the capacity probably broadcast, either with or with- Mr. MONRONEY. What I said was to serve in many stations in Govern- out a microphone, as much as any other that we must believe the testimony. He ment-not only on the Federal Com- Member of the Senate, but I have no thinks it is a fine program, he thinks it munications Commission, not only in the recollection that I have ever gone on should be given credit as being a good General Accounting Office, not only in record in the field mentioned by the program, which certainly does more than the FBI, where he served with great Senator. casually to say that it is a program in distinction, but also in many other Mr. MONRONEY. Did the Senator which he might appear. capacities and stations. endorse someone else for this position? As the Senator has said, I believe the I do not think there is much to the Mr. DIRKSEN. Not that I recollect. case is made, and whether some of us point that he, of his own volition, or be- I have the names of people on file in my observe what it indicates and others dis- cause he was urged to do so, became a CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE 697

candidate for Assistant Comptroller But, Mr. President, 30 million of our fled to carry out the duties and respon- General of the United States, and then people, at least-and I believe I am un- sibilities of membership on this commis- suddenly changed course. I do not be- derstating the number-voted the Re- sion. The functions of the Commission lieve that is at all material, and certainly publican ticket last year. It seems to me are so vital to the interest and well-being it is no reflection upon Bob Lee. that among that great number of United of all our people that the Commission So, Madam President, as the record States citizens it should have been pos- should be manned by the best men avail- stands, I think the Senate should con- sible to find someone who is far better able. firm the nomination, and should do so qualified by experience, training, and A little while ago I spoke about the im- without a dissenting vote-although I sensitivity to serve in the position to portance of having men on the Com- know that my friend, the Senator from which Mr. Lee has now been appointed. mission who show independence, fair- Oklahoma [Mr. MONRONEY] did oppose And may I recall in passing, Mr. Presi- ness, and a passion for the safeguarding the nomination in the Interstate and dent, that the two previous Presidents of of our freedoms. These men must act Foreign Commerce Committee. the United States, Presidents Roosevelt just as independently, just as fairly, and I shall now surrender the floor, in the and Truman, frequently appointed Re- with just as compelling a purpose in hope that the Senate will cast a vote of publicans to high office-men like Sec- guarding our freedoms as do our courts. confidence not only in Bob Lee, but also retaries Stimson and Knox, Secretary I cannot conceive of the President of in the President of the United States, Lovett, Mr. Paul Hoffman, and last but the United States appointing to a high when the Senate votes to confirm the not least, Mr. John Foster Dulles. court any man who has not had what, in p"nding nomination. Mr. President, the field of communi- the opinion of the President, constitutes In that connection, Madam President, cations is obviously ever increasing in sufficient experience, or any man who I shall be more than delighted if a re- size, scope, and, particularly, in influence. has not shown himself by his training quest is made to have a yea-and-nay It is obvious that television and radio and by the record of his life to be a man vote, in order that Senators will have programs can and do greatly affect and deeply impressed with the need of safe- their votes on this question on record, so influence public opinion. That effect is guarding our freedoms. that anyone who reads the RECORD will greatly intensified today by the close con- I do not mean merely giving lip serv- be able to see how the junior Senator nection which has grown up-although ice to the safeguarding of our freedoms. from Illinois voted on the question of unfortunately so, I believe-between the I mean just what I have said. I have confirmation of this nomination. newspapers and the radio and television us,d the word "passion" in speaking of I now surrender the floor. stations. I do not believe the Congress safeguarding our freedoms. I use it in Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President- should ever have agreed to any such con- its literal sense. I do not know of any The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. BAR- centration of ownership. governmental body in which that at- RETTin the chair). The Senator from I was not a Member of the Senate at tribute of its members is more necessary New York is recognized. the time when the first steps were taken than in the case of the Federal Commu- Mr. LEHMAN. In connection with the to permit newspapers to acquire radio nications Commission. pending nomination, let me say that, of and television stations. I am not sure I do not believe that the qualifications course, the Federal Communications what position I would have taken if I of this nominee, give me confidence that C)mmission exercises functions which had been a Member of the Senate at that he possesses the necessary degree of are vital to the welfare of our country. time. However, I believe the decision judicial temperament and the over- Some of its functions include the licens- which was reached was an unwise one. powering desire to do justice to every ing of radio and television stations and Certainly today that decision increases man, woman, and child, as well as every operators; the regulation of interstate the necessity for intelligent and fair organization with which he may deal. and foreign communications by tele- judgment and close, impartial supervi- Such attributes should be peculiarly phone, telegraph, cable, and radio; and sion and scrutiny on the part of the Fed- characteristic of a man who holds a promotion of safety at sea, through the eral Communications Commission. quasi-judicial position. use of communication facilities. Mr. Accordingly, Mr. President, because of So, Mr. President, inasmuch as I am President, in my opinion these functions the great influence which the media of convinced that Robert E. Lee does not deserve the service of the best men avail- communication have on public opinion possess any of the qualifications neces- able. and on freedom of thought, the opera- sary to be a useful member of the Fed- I do not think the nominee, Robert E. tion of such great means of communica- eral Communications Commission, I in- Lee, has qualifications which justify tion and information and their complete tend to vote against confirmation of his favorable action by the Senate on his independence and fairness are of in- nomination. nomination. Mr. Lee has had no prac- describably great importance. I believe The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tical experience in any of the media of too, that what is of equally great im- question is, Will the Senate advise and communication. He has had no techni- portance is that the members of the consent to the nomination of Robert E. cal training in any of the work carried Federal Communications Commission Lee to be a member of the Federal Com- on by the various organizations which have a passion for the preservation of munications Commission? are supervised and regulated by the Fed- the freedoms of the citizens of the United Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, I ask eral Communications Commission. He States. for the yeas and nays. has had no training as an engineer; he Mr. President, we do not sufficiently Mr. LEHMAN. I suggest the absence has had no business experience; he has realize the power which is possessed by of a quorum. had little, if any, experience as an admin- the Federal Communications Commis- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The istrator; and he has had no judicial sion. We refer to it as a supervisory or clerk will call the roll. experience. regulatory body, but it has powers great- The legislative clerk called the roll, Mr. President, I was not surprised by ly in excess of those of most supervisory and the following Senators answered to the remarks of the junior Senator from or regulatory bodies. The Federal Com- their names: Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN]-although I was munications Commission has the power Aiken Dworshak Holland interested in them-when he very frank- of life or death over the various firms Anderson Eastland Humphrey Barrett Ellender Hunt ly acknowledged that from now on all which are engaged in radio, television, Beall Ferguson Ives appointments to high positions will be and other forms of communication. Bennett Flanders Jackson given to Republicans; and that, as a mat- The Commission can grant a license or Bricker Frear Jenner Bush Fulbright Johnson, Colo. ter of fact, that has been the policy for can refuse to grant a license. If it Butler, Md. Gillette Johnston, 8. 0. the last 12 months. I have no particular chooses to do so, it can act arbitrarily. Butler, Nebr. Goldwater Kefauver quarrel with that policy, for I believe The Commission can do as it pleases. Carlson Gore Kennedy Case Green Kilgore that the political party in power, which The Commission can show the greatest Clements Griswold Knowland is responsible for the orderly conduct of degree of favoritism and can get away Cooper Hayden Kuchel the affairs of the Nation, has a right to with it. Its powers are almost un- Cordon Hendrickson Lehman that Daniel Hennlngs Lennon select persons whom it believes repre- limited. Because that is so, I feel Dirksen Hickenlooper Long sent the view of the party which has been it is more important than ever that we Douglas Hill Magnuson elected. have men of stature, men broadly quali- Duff Hoey Malono CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25 Mansfield Pastore Smith. N. J. NOT VOTING-13 are willing Martin Payne Sparkman to devote a portion of their McCarran Potter Bridges Flanders Maybank time to the various studies necessary. Stennls Burke George Neely McCarthy Purtell Symington Byrd Johnson, Tex. Welker The PRESIDING OFFICER. With. McClellan Robertson Thye Capehart Kerr out objection, the nominations to the Mllllkin Russell Upton Chavez Monroney Saltonstall Watkins Langer Advisory Committee on Weather Con. Morse Schoeppel Wiley So the nomination of Robert E. Lee trol are confirmed en bloc. Mundt Smathers Williams Murray Smith, Maine Young was confirmed. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. A quo- clerk will state the next nomination on UNITED STATES COAST GUARD rum is present. the Executive Calendar. The Chief The question is, Will the Senate advise Clerk read the nomination and consent to the nomination of Robert of Rear Adm. Alfred C. Richmond to be Assistant Commandant of the United E. Lee to be a member of the Federal CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD States Coast Guard. Communications Commission. The Chief Clerk read the nomination The PRESIDING Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, I OFFICER. With. of Harmar D. Denny, of Pennsylvania, out objection, the nomination is con. ask for the yeas and nays. to be a member of the Civil Aeronautics firmed. The yeas and nays were ordered, and Board. the Chief Clerk proceeded to call the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without roll. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY Mr. FLANDERS (when his name was objection, the nomination is confirmed. called). On this vote I have arranged The Chief Clerk proceeded to read a pair with the senior Senator from New sundry nominations in the Coast and Hampshire [Mr. BRIDGES]. Were I to ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON Geodetic Survey. permit myself to vote, I would vote "nay." WEATHER CONTROL Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I If the Senator from New Hampshire were ask that the nominations be confirmed The Chief Clerk proceeded to read en bloc. to vote, he would vote "yea." There- sundry nominations to the Advisory fore, I withhold my vote. Committee on Weather Control. The PRESIDING OFFICER. With- The rollcall was concluded. Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I out objection, the nominations in the Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce that ask that the nominations be confirmed Coast and Geodetic Survey are confirmed the Senator from North Dakota [Mr. en bloc. en bloc. LANGER] is absent on official business, Mr. CASE. Mr. President, I do not the Senator from Idaho [Mr. WELKER] want to object, of course, to the con- DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE is absent because of illness, and the Sen- firmation of the nominations, but I ator from Indiana [Mr. CAPEHART] and should like to speak for about 1 minute, FREDERICK A. SEATON the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. Mr. KNOWLAND. I yield to the Sen- The Chief Clerk read the nomination BRIDGES] are necessarily absent. ator from South Dakota for that purpose. of Frederick A. Seaton, of Nebraska, to Mr. CLEMENTS. I announce that the Mr. CASE. Mr. President, the nomi- be Assistant Secretary of Defense. Senator from Ohio [Mr. BURKE], the nations here presented will constitute Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I hope Senator from Virginia [Mr. BYRD], the the first membership of the Advisory what I am about to say will not have the Senator from New Mexico [Mr. CHAVEZ], Committee on Weather Control. I say effect of a kiss of death. I have always the Senator from Georgia [Mr. GEORGE], for the RECORD that I think the Presi- said that whenever I can find anything the Senator from Texas [Mr. JOHNSON], dent has chosen an able group of men within the Eisenhower administration the Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. KERR], to serve as the lay members of the Ad- that I can praise, I shall welcome the the Senator from South Carolina [Mr. visory Committee. There are 5 to be opportunity to praise it. The fact that MAYBANK], and the Senator from West designated from various governmental I have had very few such opportunities Virginia [Mr. NEELY] are absent on offi- departments and 5 from business and makes it all the more pleasant this after. cial business. professional fields. noon for me to rise and compliment the I announce further that the Senator The -first name on the list is that Eisenhower administration for its states. from Oklahoma [Mr. KERR] is paired on of Mr. Lewis W. Douglas, at one time manship in appointing such a fine person this vote with the Senator from West Director of the Budget, at one time Am- to the Department of Defense as Fred- Virginia [Mr. NEELY]. If present and bassador to Great Britain, and presently erick A. Seaton, a former colleague of voting, the Senator from Oklahoma engaged in business and in ranching in ours in the Senate of the United States. would vote "yea," and the Senator from Arizona. He is sponsoring an institute I formed a very high regard for Fred West Virginia would vote "nay." of business in Arizona at the present Seaton when he was a Senator. I have The result was announced-yeas 58, time. appreciated very much the courtesies he nays 25, as follows: Mr. Alfred M. Eberle, of South Dakota, has extended to me in the past. YEAS-58 is a native of Montana who has for I am proud, Mr. President, to say these Barrett Gillette Millikin years been identified with agriculture few words in support of the nomination Beall Goldwater Mundt and knows what it means to conserve of Fred Seaton. Although it is a rather Bennett Griswold Payne the use of water and the importance of homely figure of speech, I consider his Bricker Hendrickson Potter Bush Hickenlooper Purtell rain. As a matter of fact, he has been appointment to the Department of De- Butler, Md. Hoey Robertson identified with many of the water- fense to be a rather sweet deodrant, very Butler, Nebr. Holland Russell increasing activities and studies during much needed in the Department. Carlson Hunt Saltonstall Case Ives Schoeppel the past few years. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Clements Jenner Smathers Joseph J. George, of Georgia, is Gen- objection, the nomination in confirmed, Cooper Johnson, Colo. Smith, N. J, eral George, who is known to many be- FRANK BROWN BERRY Cordon Knowland Stennis cause of his connection with the Daniel Kuchel Thye The Chief Clerk read the nomination Dirksen Lennon Upton weather-modification activities and re- of Frank Brown Berry, of New York, to Duff Magnuson Watkins search on the part of the Army during Dworshak Malone Wiley the war. He is presently the weather be Assistant Secretary of Defense. Eastland Martin Williams The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Ellender McCarran Young consultant for Eastern Airlines. objection, the nomination is confirmed. Ferguson McCarthy Capt. Howard T. Orville, United States Frear McClellan Navy, retired, was in charge of weather NAYS-25 modification work in World War II. Aiken Humphrey Monroney Kenneth C. Spangler, of Massachu- DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Anderson Jackson Morse JOHN SLEZAK Douglas Johnston, S. C. Murray setts, is the secretary of the Meteorlog- Fulbright Kefauver Pastore ical Society, and represents the profes- The Chief Clerk read the nomination Gore Kennedy Smith, Maine sional meteorologists in that field. of John Slezak, of Illinois, to be Under Green Kilgore Sparkman This is an outstanding Hayden Lehman Symington group, Mr. Secretary of the Army. Henntngs Long President, and I think the country The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Hill Mansfield should be congratulated that these men objection, the nomination is confirmed. 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 699 HUGH M. MILTON, II qualifies him, as they would few others, lection district No. 10, with headquar- The Chief Clerk read the nomination for such a responsible position today. ters at New York, N. Y. II,of New Mexico, to We in New Mexico find no need to wish The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without of Hugh M. Milton him well-he has always done everything objection, the nomination is confirmed. be Assistant Secretary of the Army. Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, for only well. What we do wish is that we had I should like to address a more Hugh Miltons in New Mexico, and a few moments, in the service of the Nation. THE ARMY AND THE AIR FORCE fcw remarks on the nomination of Hugh M.Milton II, to be Assistant Secretary of Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President, will The Chief Clerk read sundry nomina- the Army. This appointment is one the senior Senator from New Mexico tions in the Army. which pleases New Mexico, and I am yield? Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I most happy the President selected a Mr. CHAVEZ. I yield. ask that the nominations in the Army be capable executive of General Milton's Mr. ANDERSON. I concur fully in confirmed en bloc. type for this trying job. what my colleague has said, and express Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, We of New Mexico have known Gen- my pleasure also at this very fine nomi- will the Senator from California yield? eral Milton for a long time. There were nation which the President has made. Mr. KNOWLAND. I yield. thousands of New Mexico boys on Ba- The PRESIDING OFFICER. With- Mr. SALTONSTALL. I wish to bring taan and at various military stations out objection, the nomination is con- up at this time the list of promotions of around the world who had gone to school firmed. junior officers in the Regular Air Force, under General Milton and who knew which is in the hands of the clerk and him personally. He has always been DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY has been lying on the desk since last the kind of man who liked to know The Chief Clerk read the nomination week, and to ask that these nominations young men and women, who always wel- also be confirmed en bloc. to come to him with their of Thomas Sovereign Gates, Jr., of Penn- comed them sylvania, to be Under Secretary of the Mr. KNOWLAND. As I understand, problems, and who has maintained an those nominations are not of flag or gen- enthusiastic outlook for youth. He is a Navy. The PRESIDING OFFICER. With- eral officers. career officer and a mechanical engineer Mr. SALTONSTALL. They are nomi- by profession, but where his star really out objection, the nomination is confirmed. nations of officers below flag or general shone was in the field of personal rela- rank. This procedure is in accordance tions. He brings to the office of the with the system which was followed last Assistant Secretary of the Army the DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY year, and, as I recall, previous to that warmth and understanding which will The Chief Clerk read the nomina- in order to avoid a large amount of be needed at the policy levels for the tion of Louis B. Toomer, of Georgia, to printing. young men pouring out of our high be Register of the Treasury. I ask that the nominations to which schools and colleges and into the Army The PRESIDING OFFICER. With- I refer also be confirmed en bloc. today. The PRESIDING By birth, General Milton is a Ken- out objection, the nomination is con- OFFICER. Is there in firmed. objection to the request of the Senator tuckian. World War I found him The Chief Clerk read the nomina- from Massachusetts? The Chair hears military service, and the postwar period none, and it is so ordered. to Texas A. & M. In i924 he tion of Charles O. Parker, of Colorado, took him to be Assayer in the Mint of the United Without objection, the nominations in came to New Mexico as an instructor the Army, in the engineering department at New States at Denver, Colo. and the nominations in the Mexico A. & M. He served as dean of The PRESIDING OFFICER. With- Regular Air Force, referred to by the the engineering school and then became out objection, the nomination is con- Senator from Massachusetts, are con- president of our State college. All the firmed. firmed en bloc. while he was active in the National Guard of New Mexico. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCA- General Milton was a busy and vigor- TION, AND WELFARE THE MARINE CORPS ous speaker at commencement exercises The Chief Clerk read the nomination The Chief Clerk read the nomination at the various high schools in New Mex- of John William Tramburg, of Wiscon- of Maj. Gen. William P. T. Hill, United ico during his time at New Mexico A. & sin, to be Commissioner of Social Se- States Marine Corps, to be Quarter- M. At one time there was public men- curity. master General of the Marine Corps, tion that he should be drafted to run The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without with the rank of major general, for a for Governor of New Mexico. But Gen- objection, the nomination is confirmed. period of 1 year from February 1, 1954. eral Milton showed no inclination for The PRESIDING OFFICER. With- politics, and has not to this date, to my out objection, the nomination is con- knowledge. RENEGOTIATION BOARD firmed. World War II found General Milton- The Chief Clerk read the nomination Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I then a lieutenant colonel in the Re- of George C. McConnaughey, of Ohio, ask that the President be immediately serves-called back into service. He to be a member of the Renegotiation notified of all nominations confirmed went to service in the Pacific and par- Board. today. ticipated in five campaigns, rising to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Brigadier General. The PRESIDING OFFICER. With- After the war he objection, the nomination is confirmed. out objection, the President will be im- went back to New Mexico-this time to become mediately notified of all nominations president of the New Mexico Mil- confirmed this day. itary Institute, one of the top half a COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS dozen military schools in the Nation. In 1951 he was called again to Washington The Chief Clerk read sundry nomina- to become executive for Reserve and Re- tions as collectors of customs. MUTUAL DEFENSE TREATY WITH serve officers in the Army, and this led Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I KOREA to his becoming Major General Hugh ask that the nominations be confirmed Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I Milton. He retired from military serv- en bloc. move that the Senate now proceed to ice on November 18 of last year and was The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the consideration of the mutual defense appointed by President Eisenhower to objection, the nominations of Collectors treaty with Korea. be Assistant Secretary of the Army. He of Customs are confirmed en bloc. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The is the Assistant Secretary for manpower clerk will state the treaty by title. and Reserve forces. The CHIEF CLERK. Executive A, 83d His unbroken line of endeavors in the APPRAISER OF MERCHANDISE Congress, 2d session, a Mutual Defense field of education and his continuous The Chief Clerk read the nomination Treaty between the United States of service either actively in the United of Aleer J. Couri, of New York, to be America and the Republic of Korea, States forces or its reserves certainly appraiser of merchandise, customs col- signed at Washington on October 1, 1953, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25 reported favorably with an understand- the major portion of it, be printed in the on Okinawa, Guam, the Philippines at that time: Alaska, and ing. RECORD. I said at other points in the Pacific, in addition The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. We have de- to those to which I referred of 3 years ago. question is on agreeing to the motion of fenses here. We are not going to put all eggs in one basket. I ask unanimous the Senator from California. our consent that the The eastern Mediterranean is not only the whole speech be included in the RECORD fever spot but it is the foremost strategic at this point as a part of my remarks. the world, and therefore the exact FORMULA FOR PERMANENT PEACE spot of The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Up. location for the United States to deploy its TON in the chair). Is there objection? Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. military strength of the air, of the land, and There being President, on Friday last the very able of the sea. During World War II we built no objection, the speech in North Africa. These was ordered junior Senator from Tennessee [Mr. a series of airports to be printed in the RECORD, should be rehabilitated and activated at once. as follows: GORE] gave an unusually thought-pro- voking address on the Senate floor with Of course, they have been rehabili- High school and college boys leave their the new military program. tated. Other airfields have been built books, farm boys their plows, and factory respect to workers un- their bench, to learn the goose step, He presented his viewpoint in a very and they have been activated. the victims of Russia's cold manner. war. Their older derstandable and convincing Antiaircraft guns should bristle from brothers fought, bled, and died in World As a matter of fact, I do not know when every hillside in Turkey. War II to give our allies and ourselves per. I have heard a better presentation of any manent peace and now one of those allies believe that, at least, has partially made by the junior I has made the United States adopt for itself subject than was come to pass. Senator from Tennessee. He was ably the garrison state. It's a sad story, colleagues, assisted by several other Senators who New airfields should be constructed in and the saddest part of it is that ground troops assigned the whole weird process is merely in its in- with him, and who made com- Turkey and sufficient agreed there to hold them against any eventuality. fancy. By no means has it run its full ments on the proposal which the Senator Acres of jet fighters should be stationed there course. In 5 years Russia's cold war has presented. to insure absolute control of the air. And turned our way of life completely upside I listened to much of his address, and last, great squadrons of huge bombers should down. Unless we find the right antidote a I have read the remainder of it in the be ready on a moment's notice to spray fire- few years more and the same bitter poison RECORD this morning. I do not agree, bombs, TNT, and atomic bombs on every city well may wreck and destroy the liberty and however, with the conclusions which he in Russia if Russia attempts aggression freedom held sacred by the Founding Fathers, who created this Republic. That reached. In fact, I find myself con- anywhere. is why I original Atlantic Pact say with complete assurance and with con. of defense, Iceland, one of the vinced that the other kind states, might well be converted into a similar fidence that unless we stop underestimating the one which has been adopted by the series of airbase strongholds, so these bomb- the cold war potential of Russia we are Secretary of National Defense, is better. ers could shuttle back and forth from north doomed. I do not think it entails such expendi- to south, dropping bombs coming and going. The truth is, we have been on the wrong tures. It is a program which the country Both of these areas can be served readily track a long time and it is much later than can afford to carry on not only for 1 year from the sea. To protect the whole world we think. I watched a plane flying through or 2 years or 5 years, but for 20 years or against Russian aggression, those and sup- the air without a pilot. A man stood on Africa and the United the ground; nearby was a strange contrap. be just as effec- porting airfields in 100 years. It would States are about all the military installations tion. He touched a button here and pressed tive as the tremendously costly program which are required to do the job. a lever there and the plane dipped a wing offered by the junior Senator from All we need say to the Kremlin after these or turned to the right or to the left, or went Tennessee, and even more so, in gaining installations have been perfected is "We want up or went down at his will. The United peace for this country and the world. peace and we aim to have it. If you want States is that plane; the Kremlin is the On Saturday last the very able senior peace also, you can have peace, and for a control mechanism and the man pushing from Virginia [Mr. BYRD] made long, long time; but if you start aggression the buttons and pressing the levers is the Senator Russian Field Marshal and Generalissimo as reported to the Associ- in any direction, or against any nation, then a statement every Russian city will be pulverized within Joseph Stalin. For the last 5 years we have ated Press, and I should like to read into a few days' time." It is as simple as that. responded to his slightest touch with slave. the RECORD some of the comments the Thus Russia's cold-war program of frustra- like obedience. We have done everything Senator from Virginia made in regard tion and disruption and her carefully con- he has wanted us to do exactly the way he to the address by the junior Senator cealed hot-war threats would be checkmated has planned for us to do it. That is why from Tennessee: at one time and with a minimum of cost the American people are beside themselves imbalance. with worry, discouragement, and hysteria. Senator BYRD, a member of the Armed and Under the spell which Stalin has cast he Military establishments of that kind could Services Committee, said in an interview upon us, we drew a line on the map and is "strongly in favor" of General Eisen- be maintained and controlled by us for 5, 10, could not called it the 38th parallel. When he pushed hower's plan to reduce American ground or even 20 years, because their cost national the button, we jumped into the mud and forces while discouraging any aggression total more than 10 percent of our to devote that the muck, the unbearable heat, and the arc- with the threat of massive atomic retalia- income, and we can well afford much to permanent world peace. If we take tic cold of Korea. We set out to liberate tion delivered by air. the Koreans south of that damnable imag- * * * * * that sensible and necessary step promptly, the world will settle down to a long, prosper- inary line, and instead, by the burned-earth "I believe the President is proposing the ous, and fruitful peace. This arrangement technique adopted by both sides, we have only program by which we can maintain our will stop Russia's cold war cold. And it will destroyed their homes and turned them out defenses without insolvency," Senator BYRD stop Russia's hot war before it starts. It is on the highways with bundles on their backs declared. foolproof, Mr. President. I am positive that to wander back and forth with no place to * * * * * the adoption and implementation of this go, dazed and destitute. Millions of South "We must keep the lead in atomic and plan would reduce the dangers of war with Koreans have died. Million more will die. other weapons and with the foreign bases Russia to an irreducible minimum; but if Sadly too, American dead lie on every hill- which are coming into being we can make such a war should develop, the locale would side and mountain in South Korea. Our this threat of retaliation so real that I don't be where it belongs, not in America, not in hospitals are full of American amputees and believe the Communists will dare move to- Western Europe, not in Asia, but in Russia. boys with shattered and broken bodies. ward war." I repeat, Russia can select the time for world When Stalin blew the whistle, we-the war III and we can do nothing about that, revered and traditional friend of China-be- That is the end of the quotation, unless we wish to engage in a preventive came her enemy. Now the fat is in the fire, though the Senator said more than that. war; but we must be the masters of the locale. and the Orient, with its teeming hundreds I associate myself with him in his state- I challenge any diplomatic or military leader of millions of human beings, is pledged to ments. I am in complete agreement of this or any other country to pick flaws of destroy us regardless of the time required with the Senator from Virginia. this bold, simple, and direct action in behalf or the cost in lives and treasure. Stalin of world peace. has given us an enemy worthy of every con- On March 22, 1951. almost 3 years sideration. ago, I proposed in a Senate address al- Since then China entered the war in A cold war can be just as deadly as a most the same military program for the Korea and is now associated with Russia shooting war. Let's get that truth through United States. I wish to quote a few on a full-scale basis in the cold war, and our thick skulls. And this other truth we paragraphs from my remarks, and then is a threat to world peace. Accordingly must grasp, too-Russia is the greatest ex- to ask that the whole speech, or at least the Defense Department needs airfields pert of all time in conducting a cold war. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 701 nothing we can do about Those 14 cruel, icy, calculating, conniving its timing. But if the target. Furthermore, no nation has such we are smart we will select the locale of fine specialists in the Politburo are the masters targets for A-bombs as Russia. If you its un- world war III. More we cannot do; less we think these facts of psychological warfare and we are do not send a chill up Red must not consider doing. spines, you fortunate dupes. have no imagination. as- The incontrovertible truth is that West With unparalleled generosity we have SIn event of war Russia would require vast re- Europe is not a good battlefield from our our neighbors in West Europe to supplies of oil and high octan.e gas. All of sisted standpoint for engaging our foe either In a habilitate their industries and increase the her war machines move on oil as do most of cold war or a shooting war. Even less so is production of civilian goods to an alltime her vast farming and factory operations. Rus- the Far East. Yet by adroitness Stalin has Her production high. Now, due to our frustration over of oil this year is estimated succeeded in engaging us in a shooting war to be less sia's cold-war offensive, we are saying to than 40 million tons compared to in the Far East and a cold war in West our current production these friendly nations "You must forsake of 240 million tons. Europe. No strategy could be devised that Not civilian production activities and convert only that, but all of Stalin's oil produc- would be more advantageous to him and less your industries to rearmament." We direct ing areas are splendid bombing targets for advantageous to us. them to do this, even though we know that Uncle Sam and Stalin knows their destruc- We plan to dispatch four divisions switch from the production of civilian of tion would be our primary objective, should the United goods to war production will result in a States troops to Europe. Perhaps he make war on us. He cannot possibly our friends over there will new and violent rise in inflation for them place 16 or 20 store enough surplus oil in the next 2 or 3 a additional divisions under General Eisen- years to conduct all. Under Stalin's lash we have adopted a major war. Stalin is a hower. What a military program of international mobilization for joke that will be. hardboiled realist and not a reckless adven- At best it can the free world, and whether or not it will only be a token force and if turer. He is certain to count his chicks De- Russia fore undo all the accomplishments toward recov- attacks nothing more than a suicide he starts a war which could be the end ery of the last 3 years we will not swerve squad. If Russia does not attack, Eisen- of the great country which he has built. hower does not need from that course of disruption. an army and if Russia Russia's food production has been very low Theoretically, if all the Atlantic Pact states does attack he needs not less than 200 and only in the last 2 or 3 years has it ex- contribute armies to General Eisenhower by divisions not 20. By this display of miser- ceeded the relatively low production volume joint action, the free nations will be strong. able weakness we are inviting him to go to of pre-World War II. It still lacks consider- In reality, however, exactly the opposite is war. Twenty, forty, fifty or even a hundred able of producing a minimum standard of true. A union of weak states adds up only divisions stationed in Europe is the old living much less an adequate food supply for to greater weakness. We are still extending Maglnot line complex all over again. her current needs. It is all the Reds can do billions of dollars in relief to the West At- In the summer of 1942, Field Marshal von to meet Russia's increased demand for food lantic States and West Germany. Isn't that Bock had 225 German divisions in Russia. without attempting to stockpile food for war. positive proof of their weakness? If they plus 42 German statellite divisions. Fifty Thern' is little or no surplus of food in Rus- are so impotent they cannot combat politi- of the German divisions wers armored. The sia now and only a fool would suggest that cal and economic difficulties at home with- field marshal at that time had in Russia it is sufficient to start a war. out our assistance, by what magic can they under his direction more than 3 million well- Russia has the rough, tough, sturdy, partly subdue communism away from home? But, trained, battle-scarred veteran combat troops trained manpower, but little else upon which regardless of their domestic problems, the and admittedly the best and largest army she would have even a gambler's chance to relief which we have been giving them now the world has ever witnessed. Russia an- win a world war. Her highways, her rail- must be cut off so that we may rearrange nihilated them. roads, and her factories are strictly third our affairs on a solid enough basis to conduct That history would appear to make Russia class. a really effective cold war against the com- an invincible military power and she is if But Stalin has many other more dynamic mon enemy. we fight the war on her terms and in her vulnerabilities than supplies of steel, oil, The greatest danger to the world is that way but she has many fundamental weak- food, and A-bombs. Actually the tyrants we may spread ourselves too thin and there- nesses if we are but smart enough to cap- of Moscow are sitting on a veritable powder by crack up. In these circumstances we italize on them. Her great strength is that keg of hate and resentment among its own must get these friendly powers off our backs. she recognizes her own weaknesses and ours. terrorized people. Constant official spying, Doubtless it will rock their economies to shut That is why I say that we must not commit secret police, and forced labor camps em- off our relief, but if a common front is to be the cardinal sins of overestimating the mili- phasize the precarious situation. Purge provided against Russia it must be done. tary strength of the Red behemoth nor un- trials must operate constantly to afford pro- However, let us not add to their economic derestimating her tremendous cold-war ef- tection against assassination, plotting, and shock by compelling them to destroy their fectiveness. We should be just as cold, cruel, revolution. convalescing economy by a huge program of calculating, and conniving in appraising her These political problems are multiplied rearmament. I repeat, nothing is so infla- strength and her weaknesses as her polit- many times in her border satellite states tionary as rearmament, and nothing is so buro has employed in evaluating these easy- where the vast majority of the people are destructive of a nation's economy as infla- to-read characteristics of the free world's only biding tleir time for a chance to start tion. Moving too fast too soon in West defenses. a rebellion. Even the local tyrants ruling Europe and on too many fronts is the gravest Stalin is not a fanatic like Hitler. He these puppet states are imprisoned and ex- danger which the free world faces today. does not resort to astrology or hocus pocus ecuted periodically to keep down the spread America is an impetuous and impatient to reach momentous decisions. He depends of Titolsm. If a world war should break country, but this is no time for reckless and upon hard facts and accurate information out every slave state dominated by Russia ill-considered strategy where the risk is so and he has the good judgment to appraise would rebel and Stalin knows it. He can- great. I plead with the Congress for solid them. He knows much more about us and not even trust Mao Tze Tung as far as he thinking and caution in this hour of great our idiosyncrasies than apparently we know can throw a Russian bear by the tall. crisis. about him. We must take time out to learn The most sensitive section of the globe America is naturally not temperamentally about him. today is the Persian Gulf portion of the qualified nor fit to cope with the Oriental He respects our production because he Middle East. Right here the course of his- techniques which they employ in conducting knows and has said that production won tory may change its way. In case of another this cold war. Is there not some way to World War II. In 1946 he announced that world war its fabulous oil reserves and its make us become realistic before it is too Russia must produce 60 million tons of steel current vital oil production will be the cov- late? We must not underestimate Russia's a year to "have insurance gainst any even- eted prize of the gravest Importance to both capacity for making cold war one day longer. tuality." Today Russia and all of her satel- sides. You may be sure its acquisition will The Politburo wants to get an arms race lites produce less than 40 million tons against be the primary military objective as the started in West Europe because that will ag- our production of over 100 million tons. means to the ends sought. Furthermore, gravate West Europe's inflationary problem Russia cannot have enough steel to fight a the electric sparks which might ignite and and drive them even farther down the road successful world war much before 1960. That touch off world war III are likely to be gen- toward radicalism and revolution. Italy, does not mean we have 1 hour of time to erated here. The current political trouble France, and West Germany are having and waste but it does mean that we have time in Iran may cast the shadow of things to will continue to have many impossible eco- to plan well for our defenses, come. Truly this crucial eastern Mediter- nomic problems without being compelled No one in Congress knows how many ranean area has all the ingredients which to raise and maintain huge armies and with- A-bombs the United States has. Magazine make it the arena where the greatest mili- out converting their factories and their speculation places the number somewhere tary giants of all time will reach a decision. energies to war production and be driven between 400 and 1,000. Dr. Harold Urey is In modern war in the sea, on the land, thereby to severe austerity and extremely quoted as saying that Moscow would need and in the air oil provides the energy and low standards of living. Let's face these "about 200 A-bombs in order to launch a the power. Oil is indeed the sinews of war. issues with full consideration of all factors. major war." My guess is that she will not I do not see how Russia could undertake Most observers are agreed that Stalin will have 300 A-bombs before 1960. That guess world war III without controlling these enor- have the tremendous advantage of selecting could be wrong but she is far behind us in mous Iranian oil reserves. It is vital, there- the time for starting world war III. Since a production of this lethal weapon. And we fore, that this oil be kept from Russia and preventive war is abhorrent to us there is do have the planes to carry our bombs to made currently available to the Allies. For 702 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25 whoever gains and maintains access to the Europe, not in Asia, but in Russia. I repeat, our country, he made a great contribu. black gold of the Persian Gulf will win Russia can select the time for world war III tion to the Senate of the United States world war III. and we can do nothing about that, but we and to public discussion. The United States has a military alliance must be the masters of the locale. I challenge any diplomatic or military leader of this My point is that it is rather peculiar with Turkey in which we have agreed to and, in fact, somewhat protect their independence against military or any other country to pick flaws in this alarming that a aggression by Russia. Accordingly, we have bold, simple, and direct action in behalf of fundamental change in strategy on the assigned military experts to create and bol- world peace. part of our Defense Establishment and ster their defense establishment in the de- Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. our national security policy should go to repel inva- velopment of armed strength President, of course, the plan the Sec- without full-scale discussion. I am not sion. We have given them hundreds of mil- retary of Defense has presented goes drawing the issue as ýo whether the new lions of dollars to assist in their defense somewhat beyond my recommendations. policy is right or wrong; but I am saying effort, and we have made available to them that if a so-called great modern guns and the latest and most effec- We have airfields in the Pacific, in debate were re- tive heavy artillery, including antiaircraft Alaska, in Greenland, and we are going quired on the issue of troops to Eu- guns. Also highly qualified and expert to have some airfields in Spain and in rope, surely we should have full-scale American engineers were assigned to them to other areas of the world. So the ad- review, survey, and analysis of a basic select sites, lay out and construct the air- ministration has gone beyond my pro- new defense policy. ports necessary for their defense. Turkey I have several questions to ask, and I is not a full member, but is an associate posal; but at least it is in accord with what I suggested 3 years ago. So, natu- think they merit the fullest considera. member of the Atlantic Pact states. She tion of the Foreign Relations Commit. is one of the few countries to fight in Korea rally, I am pleased that the retaliation side by side with us and her troops have plan has been adopted by our Depart- tee and the Armed Services Committee. given a good account of themselves. ment of Defense, and I believe it will My first question is this: Does the new A glance at the map will indicate the prove to be very satisfactory and will policy of massive retaliation from vari- highly strategic position Turkey occupies give to the world peace and security. ous bases mean that we are forgetting the whole Middle with respect to Russia and Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, will the North Atlantic Treaty Organization East area. the Senator from Colorado yield to me? as a basis of our defense? I ask this The eastern Mediterranean is not only question because I notice that in recent the fever spot but it is the foremost stra- Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I yield. Mr. HUMPHREY. I wish to interro- days some of our friends in Western Eu- tegic spot of the world and thrrefore the rope have said, "We do not exact location for the United States to de- gate the Senator from Colorado, in view want to be ploy its military strength of the air, of the of some of his remarks; and I also de- liberated by means of massive retalia. land, and of the sea. During World War sire to comment on them, if I may. My tion. We want defense at the point of II we built a series of airports in North comments will be in line with his dis- contact with the enemy." Africa. These should be rehabilitated and cussion. My next question is this: Does our activated at once. Antiaircraft guns should methodical withdrawal of troops from bristle from every hillside in Turkey. New Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I shall be glad to have the Senator from Minnesota Western Europe indicate that we may airfields should be constructed in Turkey pull out of Western and sufficient ground troops assigned there do so. Europe? Does Dr. to hold them against any eventuality. Acres Mr. HUMPHREY. I have listened to Hanna's statement indicate that in the of jet fighters should be stationed there to the comment of the Senator from Colo- future-by 1956, I believe he pointed insure absolute control of the air. And last, rado in regard to the very fine address out-we shall have withdrawn from great squadrons of huge bombers should be he made 3 years ago. That followed the Western Europe? ready on a moment's notice to spray fire- My next question is this: If that is the bombs, TNT, and atomic bombs on every city time of our historic debate on the "troops for Europe" issue, following our policy of the administration, how does in Russia if Russia attempts aggression any- it expect to obtain cooperation from where. action on the North Atlantic Treaty Iceland, one of the original Atlantic Pact Organization. the European community? How does it states, might well be converted into a similar I recall vividly the position of the Sen- expect to have the North Atlantic Treaty series of airbase strongholds so these bombers ator from Colorado regarding a series Organization develop into a meaningful could shuttle back and forth from north to of key bases around the world, from and useful structure? south dropping bombs coming and going. which we could launch our airpower-a My next question is this: If we adopt Both of these areas can be served readily from striking force by means of which, as the massive retaliation as a means of gain- the sea. To protect the whole world against ing the initiative, upon whom shall we Russian aggression, those and supporting air- Senator from Colorado said, we could fields in Africa and the United States are gain the initiative by way of military retaliate? As the Secretary of Defense about all the military installations which are retaliation. has asked, Are we to retaliate upon the required to do the job. As I understand the Senator from head of the octopus or upon its tenta- All we need say to the Kremlin after these Colorado, he has said the Secretary of cles? As he has pointed out, if we pur- installations have been perfected is: "We Defense has more or less adopted or em- sue a policy of massive retaliation, I want peace and we aim to have it. If you braced that philosophy. think we shall not attack the tentacles of want peace also you can have peace and for the octopus, but, instead, the head of the a long, long time, but if you start aggression Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. No; I octopus, the octopus being merely an- in any direction, or against any nation, then would not be so conceited as to say that. other name for the Communist conspir- every Russian city will be pulverized within I do not know whether he ever heard of a few days time." It is as simple as that. acy which is headed at Moscow. the speech I made. Furthermore, does the new policy Thus Russia's cold-war program of frustra- Mr. HUMPHREY. He should have. tion and disruption and her carefully con- mean massive retaliation by the United cealed hot war threats would be checkmated Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I am States in case of an attack upon Paki- at one time and with a minimum of cost and saying that I am in favor of what the stan or elsewhere? Does it mean that imbalance. Secretary of Defense is now doing, and world war III will then be at hand? Military establishments of that kind could I am giving this background of having Mr. President, I believe that when be maintained and controlled by us for 5, 10, recommended such a policy 3 years ago. or even 20 years, there is a major change of policy, such because their total cost Mr. HUMPHREY. The Senator from as the one which has been discussed by could not total more than 10 percent of our is too modest. national income, and we can well afford to Colorado the junior Senator from Tennessee [Mr. devote that much to permanent world peace. The truth is that some 3 years the Sen- GORE], it is time for the Senate and the If we take that sensible and necessary step ator from Colorado outlined the use of country to seek some answers. promptly, the world will settle down to a retaliatory airpower from strategically Last year the Senate asked for greater long, prosperous, and fruitful peace. This located bases. At that time I disagreed air power. I am interested in knowing arrangement will stop Russia's cold war cold. with the suggested policy, I say with all that now the administration finds that And it will stop Russia's hot war before it due respect to the distinguished senior starts. It is foolproof, gentlemen. I am what we said last year is correct, name- positive that the adoption and implementa- Senator from Colorado. ly, that we need to have a projected Air tion of this plan would reduce the dangers of I say now that when the junior Sen- Force of 147 air groups. In April 1952, war with Russia to an irreducible minimum, ator from Tennessee [Mr. GORE] made the Senate decided by unanimous vote but if such a war did develop the locale would his very fine address on the so-called that the United States needed 140 air be where it belongs, not in America, not in new look and the new military policy of groups. Now, 2 years later, it is rec- 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE that the United States have tions of world conditions and our rela- I have great faith in President Eisen- ommended tion thereto that he has heard since he hower's abilities. Far be it from me to 137 air groups. that this matter is a very has been a Member of the Senate. doubt his military judgment. However, I am saying I say that serious one, for it involves much more I will state further that the Commit- we must not at any time over- than dollars and cents. tee on Armed Services has scheduled for look the possibility of a political trap, main argument which is launched this week the first of a number of brief- or political difficulties. The I listened in behalf of the new defense strategy is ings with the Air Force, the Army, and to the Secretary of State for testify. I know the Secretary that it is one we can afford, one the Navy separately, in order to go into of State we can pay. That may be true, the details of some of the problems feels that there is much that needs to which be done but I believe we must take a long look. which the Senator from Minnesota very to strengthen the North Atlantic con- Treaty Organization. From all The Soviet Union may be very well properly raises in the form of questions. the com- tent with permitting us to reduce our Also, a subcommittee of the Armed munications I have been able to hear or basic defense structure and with having Services Committee has spent an entire read, I learn that it is proposed to make us rely upon atomic power and atomic week listening to and discussing the regular withdrawals of troops from weapons, at the expense of conventional problem of continental defense, which a Western Europe. I read Dr. Hanna's weapons and manpower. But, Mr. subcommittee was appointed to con- statement this morning. He was inter- President, if our defense system is weak- sider. That was a very sensitive brief- viewed on Sunday on the famous radio ened and if NATO is weakened, from ing, but an understanding of that prob- program "Youth Wants to Know." Dr. what bases shall we work? Shall we lem gave me, as one member of the com- Hanna indicated that we may withdraw work from French bases in North Africa? mittee, very great confidence in the completely from Europe by 1956. He did perhaps the French will not want us steps being taken. not say "shall," but "may." So there there. Shall we work from Greenland? The President, in his budget message, begins to be doubt. I say that we shall We are there now only because of per- found on page 567 and following pages never get the French into EDC unless we mission from one of the members of of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, points out make commitments. We shall never get NATO. It is increasingly obvious that in detail some of the steps which are a North Atlantic Treaty Organization our operations in Greenland and else- being taken. As I say, it is not my in- which is meaningful if we continuously where are very largely dependent upon tention to try to answer the Senator say that our policy is one of massive re- the existence of NATO as a strong and from Minnesota today, but I do intend taliation, and at the same time with- active organization. in the near future to try to point out to drawal from fundamental commitments. Mr. President, it might be well, also, the Senate some of the things which the when we speak of massive retaliation, Armed Services Committee has gone LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM for us to consider what we shall do if into and considered with relation to the there is another Korea. We must ask questions which the Senator has so aptly Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, will ourselves whether the American people asked. the Senator yield in order that I may make an announcement will permit the Government of the Mr. HUMPHREY. I thank the Sena- to the Senate, at the without United States to use atomic bombs tor from Massachusetts, the chairman his losing the right to the floor? heart of the octopus, and whether that Mr. HUMPHREY. I am glad to yield. of the Armed Services Committee. The Mr. KNOWLAND. Several Senators will be economically possible, and wheth- Senator is a man in whom we have great er it will be morally responsible, and confidence. The junior Senator from have been waiting for me to make this whether we shall do it? announcement. All I say Minnesota was not speaking in the spirit I have already taken I do not have the answers. of acrimony or criticism. • the question up is that there is a series of questions Mr. SALTONSTALL. I realize with the minority leader [Mr. JOHNSON which need very frank discussion. that. of Texas] and the acting minority leader Therefore, I wish to pay tribute to the Mr. HUMPHREY. I was saying only [Mr. CLEMENTS]. junior Senator from Tennessee [Mr. that this is a question of such basic While the Senate will be in executive GORE] for what I consider to be a very importance to the American people and session tomorrow, I wish to ask that, as courageous statement in which he ex- to our overall security that I think some in legislative session, it take up a series plored these many questions. of the questions which I asked, quite of measures on the calendar beginning All we have asked is that there be spontaneously, without prepared manu- with Calendar No. 858, Senate bill 2803. frank and bold discussion. script, questions which have been run- With the exception of Calendar No. 858, Mr. President, in the main I commend ning through my mind, are questions Senate bill 2803, a bill to continue the the President of the United States for which merit not only discussion behind effectiveness of the Missing Persons Act, endorsing a mobile and flexible defense committee doors, but discussion in pub- as extended to July 1, 1955, the remain- structure. I realize that it is extremely lic, through the press, on the radio, and der of the measures, beginning with Cal- important that we have great strength on the floor of the Senate. We are mak- endar No. 859, have been on the calendar, of air power and that we have specific ing a decision here which could well spell under the rule, for a day. They have bases from which our air power can for us very serious results, good or bad, been referred to the Committee on Rules operate. But I ask the other questions in the days to come. and Administration, and have been re- because such bases will not.be available I have made it quite clear that my ported back to the Senate by the Com- to us unless we have allies. comment is not a criticism of the em- mittee on Rules and Administration. It Furthermore, what does "massive re- phasis upon the importance of mobility, is my intention to ask for their consid- taliation" mean, and what will be the re- flexiblilty of airpower, and the use of eration tomorrow. I wanted the Senate sults of such a policy? strategic weapons. My only point was to have notice of that fact, because there Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, that in the emphasis of those things- may be some Senators who are particu- will the Senator from Colorado yield to of mobility, airpower, and strategic larly interested. I understand the dis- me? weapons-we may run the risk, because tinguished Senator from Louisiana [Mr. Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I yield. of the fear of our allies in Western ELLENDER] is interested in several of Mr. SALTONSTALL. It is not my in- Europe that all we will do will be to these resolutions. tention to engage in debate with the liberate and not to defend at the line, Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, I was Senator from Minnesota or to endeavor of losing the great North Atlantic Treaty hopeful that the distinguished majority to answer at this time the questions he alliances, into which we have poured leader would allow us a little more time. has asked. However, let me point out billions of dollars, and which has been I have been most diligent in trying to that the Senate Committee on Armed represented to us as the one great hope obtain from the various committees in- Services has held, for 2 days, briefings of building a shield of defense against volved, particularly the Committee on with Admiral Radford, Chairman of the Communist aggression. Rules and Administration, all the infor- Joint Chiefs of Staff. Those sessions I do not say that we necessarily run mation possible concerning these resolu- were very full ones. As one member of such a risk. I only ask, as a good citi- tions. the committee said, it was one of the zen-not as a partisan-the question, Do As the distinguished majority leader most lucid explanations and descrip- we run such a risk? knows, last year when similar resolutions 704 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25 came before the Senate for considera- Louisiana, that I am always desirous of the committees. Of course, that ap. tion, I suggested to the chairman of the of accommodating Senators on both plies not only to this committee but to Committee on Rules and Administration sides of the aisle in matters of this kind. many other committees; in fact, to any that all committees which make requests I have been asked by the chairman of committee or subcommittee which comes for funds should fully justify such the Committee on Rules and Adminis- to the Senate requesting appropriations requests. tration and by other Senators, because Mr. CARLSON. Mr. President, will On the 15th of January, in line with of the expiration of a number of the the Senator from Louisiana yield? the thought I have just expressed, I appropriations, to expedite action on Mr. ELLENDER. In a moment. As I wrote to the Senator from Indiana [Mr. the resolutions. I had intended origi- pointed out last year, appropriations for JENNER], chairman of the Committee on nally to ask that the resolutions be the purpose of conducting various inves. Rules and Administration of the Senate, called up for consideration today, with tigations have increased by 1,000 percent as follows: the understanding that ample time be during the last decade. I am not op. I understand that quite a few requests given for a discussion of them. How- posed to granting necessary appropria. have been made and will be made in the fu- ever, at the request of the Senator from tions for legitimate investigations, but ture to continue the activities of certain in- Xentucky [Mr. CLEMENTS], who is today certainly Senators ought to be given an vestigating committees. So as to save the serving as acting minority leader, I opportunity to look into the various re- time of the Senate, I wish you would have agreed that I would make the an- quests and to insist each committee applying for funds to fur- that those who ask nish a full justification for the request. nouncement on the floor today, but for money should justify their requests, That would include the sphere of activity would not move to take them up before in the same manner that any depart. in which the committee proposes to operate, tomorrow. ment of Government is required to do the number of employees they propose to I appreciate the problem of the Sena- when it requests funds. hire, and an estimate of expenditures other tor from Louisiana. I shall consult with The Senate will shortly have before it than salaries. I wish you would also insist on and call his remarks to the attention of approximately 15 resolutions. If I had having a statement showing how past funds the chairman of the Committee on nothing to do from now until tomorrow were spent, giving the name or names of all Rules and Administration. He can be noon but to look employees, with their salaries, with a thumb- through the resolu. nail outline of their duties and a detailed certain that consideration of the resolutions, I would not have sufficient time to account of the manner and method in which tions will not be the first order of business give them the study they require. I the funds were expended for travel, per diem, tomorrow. I hope the Senator from would be able to skim through them, and other purposes. As you recall, I sug- Louisiana will be able to get the in- probably. But I could not study them gested that your committee follow this pro- formation he is seeking, so that we shall carefully. As it is, I have some very cedure in the past, and I am hopeful that it not unduly delay the consideration and important committee meetings to at. will be done in this case. disposition of the resolutions, or have tend. I do not believe, therefore, that I My office has been in touch with the the appropriations completely expire. am asking the majority financial clerk of the Senate in an effort to leader to do very obtain some of the information I am now Mr. ELLENDER. I may point out to much when I ask him to postpone dis- seeking from you, but all to no avail. The the majority leader that in June last year cussion of the resolutions at least until position is taken by Mr. Ellis that no in- the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. HEN- I have had an opportunity to look into formation will be given out by him except DRICKSON] requested the adoption of a them. through the request of the chairman of the resolution appropriating $50,000, so that Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, committee or subcommittee involved, or of he could proceed to organize a subcom- will the Senator yield? the Rules Committee. mittee to investigate juvenile delin- Mr. ELLENDER. I do not have the As I have stated, I should like to obtain quency. He made a very good presenta- floor, but I shall be happy to yield for the information requested by me. As tion, and he assured the Senate that the a question. the Senator knows, a series of reports amount requested would be ample with . Mr. HENDRICKSON. I should like to from the Committee on Rules and Ad- which to do the job. The committee cut respond to the Senator from Louisiana, ministration was made last Friday. his request from $50,000 to $44,000. Mr. HUMPHREY. I want to yield the Only about an hour and a half ago was In answer to a query by me appearing floor, but before I do so I have three res- I able to obtain from the minority sec- in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, volume 99, olutions to submit and three items to in- retary copies of these resolutions and part 5, page 5801, the Senator from New sert in the RECORD. the reports attached to them. These Jersey made the following reply: Mr. MORSE. I should like to request reports indicate that about the same Mr. ELLENDER. Can the Senator give us any that the Senator from Minnesota retain type of so-called "justification" we have assurance that the subcommittee will com- the floor so that my request to ask him been obtaining in the past has been plete its work on or before January 31, 1954? to yield will remain open; also, I should provided this year. Because I should Mr. HENDRICKSON. I can give assurance, like to hear the response of the Senator with the understanding, of course, that I from New Jersey. like to obtain certain information which shall be a member of the subcommittee- has not been furnished by the Commit- Mr. HUMPHREY. I shall be glad to tee on Rules and Administration, I sug- As a matter of fact, the Senator from accommodate the Senator from Oregon. gest to my good friend, the majority New Jersey serves as chairman of the Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, leader, that he give me a few days subcommittee- at the outset, I wish to state that I con- longer. The Senate is to consider more Mr. HENDRICKSON. That is cor- cur in everything the Senator from Loui- than 15 resolutions. If I had been able rect. siana has stated with reference to my to obtain the desired information from Mr. ELLENDER. Continuing the statement on the floor of the Senate Mr. Ellis, who is the Senate financial quotation from the RECORD- during the last session. What I stated clerk, I might have at hand a great deal if I have the good fortune to be a member of in the colloquy to which the Senator of the desired information, but it seems it-that I shall insist that we complete our from Louisiana has referred is correct, that no Senator is able to obtain such work by the time mentioned. and I meant every word I said. information. Why, I do not know. What I did not know was the extent of What is the situation today? The Because of that fact, I ask my good the mission upon which our subcommit- Senator from New Jersey has come be- tee was about to embark. Apparently I friend to postpone consideration of fore the Senate--- these resolutions, let us say, until was in total ignorance of the problems Wednesday. I believe that by Wednes- Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, which would confront us. From the will the Senator from Louisiana day I could be in a position to look yield? preliminary studies which had been into Mr. ELLENDER. In a the subject. I know that if I am given moment I shall made-and they were only preliminary be happy to yield. He appears before the studies-I believed that $44,000 would sumcient time, the result will. be at Senate and requests an additional appro- carry us through. I also thought that we least a saving of the time of the Senate, priation, not of $44,000, but of $175,000, could complete the studies by January and perhaps the saving of otherwise to maintain the work of his subcommit- 31 of this year. useless expenditures. tee. It may be a good thing, but I be- However, after we began public hear- Mr. KNOWLAND. I will say to my dis- lieve some of us ought to be given an ings, and I saw how the problem of tinguished friend, the Senator from opportunity to look into the functioning juvenile delinquency reaches into every CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 705

lives, and that juvenile de- Mr. HENDRICKSON. I will supply I believe it is a great mistake for us to phase of our the Senator from linquency was on the increase in all sec- Louisiana with com- act, as we frequently act in the Senate, of the country, with more than a plete information. with so little information on the issues tions Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I involving the defense of our country. 60 percent rise in the Nation's Capital realized that we had to go much desire to confirm what is a fact; namely, The Armed Services Committee, during alone, I that I have yielded the floor. the period of my service on it, too fre- further. Mr. ELLENDER. It was not my pur- quently received too little information In speech after speech in various the country, particularly in the pose to go into the merits or demerits of about our defense problems. We are places in any of the pending resolutions. All I am going to decide, in my judgment, on a States which I visited in the fall of last discussing the subject with asking for is a little time so that I can great historic policy, and we are entitled year, and in look into the resolutions and evaluate experts and others, I stated that one of to all the facts that can be obtained. If that my face would be them to my own satisfaction. The Sen- the only way the Senate can secure them the first times ator knows that last year and the year really red in the Senate would be when is by holding executive sessions, then let to return and apologize to the before, because of the position I occupied the Senate go into executive session. I had on Appropriations-I Senator from Louisiana for making a on the Committee I do not need any member of the ad- concerning a matter about was chairman of the legislative subcom- ministration to tell me whether it is still statement came in- which I knew so little at the time. mittee before the Republicans true that if Russia should start an air I have appeared before to power-I studied such resolutions Pearl Harbor tomorrow, 60 out of 75 Mr. President, carefully. I always try to do a good job the Committee on the Judiciary and I of her planes would come through and before the Committee on and I do my best to be fair and objective. deliver their load. That was the testi- have appeared is to look into these Rules and Administration, and I believe All I am trying to do mony I last heard, and I have received the continuance of the matters and find out what they are all no information justifying the conclu- I have justified I shall life of the subcommittee. The resolution about. When I do so, perhaps sion that defensively we are in position was reported unanimously, and I believe be in complete agreement with the Sen- to protect millions of persons on our own I justified, at least to my satisfaction, ator from New Jersey. continent. We are in a powerful de- of money the subcommittee Mr. HENDRICKSON. Mr. President, fensive postion. We the amount of the Senate and as a can strike terrific is requesting. as one Member blows against Russia, and we should re- I say to the distinguished Senator citizen, I am proud of the record of the distinguished Senator from Louisiana. main in that position and become even from Louisiana today that in the last stronger defensively. Congress the Senate made no I am proud of the fact that he has saved session of money for this country. I salute him for The figure which the Senator from better investment than the $44,000 Minnesota named for the use of the his services in that respect. But when it as 140 groups should which it appropriated be 143 groups. That was the number Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency. comes to economy and the saving of the I have seen the results of it as 1 have taxpayers' money, I yield to no Member for which a small minority in the Senate gone about the country. I know that of the Senate. I would not spend one fought, but the administration cut it in setting up the subcommittee the Sen- penny unless I thought there was need down. ate has stimulated throughout the Na- for it. Mr. President, in my judgment, dur- tion a new interest in the youth. Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina ob- ing the presentation of the case last If we have any greater asset or any tained the floor. spring, a great many misrepresentations greater national resource than the were made, such, for example, as that youth of the Nation I should like some- we were going to be able to cut down the one to tell me what that asset or re- THE DEFENSE PROGRAM OF THE. number of air wings without the loss of source is. UNITED STATES fighter craft. But many months later We appropriate money for battleships Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the we received information that there was and air bases and armaments, all of Senator from South Carolina yield with a loss in production of several hundred which are meant for use in a war; yet the understanding that he will not there- planes because of the cut. we think too little about the youngsters by lose his rights to the floor? who may some day be called upon to There was also the misrepresentation Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. I that it was going to be done without the man the battlements and supply the yield with that understanding. sinews which win a war. loss of fighter personnel. But we lost Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I had an several thousand pilots from the Air I am extremely sorry if I misled the arrangement with the Senator from Senator from Louisiana in my state- Force, and the excuse given was that the Minnesota [Mr. HUMPHREY], who had a funds were no longer available to sus- ment of last year. I made no statement broadcast appointment, that I would which I did not think at the time was make the comments I desired to make tain them. accurate. regarding his remarks and that he could Within a few short months the ad- Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, I an- read them in the RECORD tomorrow. ministration has awakened to what some ticipated what the committee was going I commend the Senator from Minne- of us were telling it on the floor of the to do. I believe I suggested in the col- Senate last spring, namely, that such a loquy sota for pointing out, as he did, the last year that the Senator from problems concerning the defense pro- cut could not be made without weaken- New Jersey would return with a request ing the air defense of the Nation. for grams of our country. more funds. I am not arguing that I am satisfied that that is the case. a good purpose may not As one who served on the Armed Serv- be served. All it ap- I commend the Sena- I am asking for is an opportunity to look ices Committee for many years, Mr. President, into the subject. pears to me that it is not a satisfactory tor from Minnesota for his statement indicated by the Sena- I am a member of the Committee on answer to say as this afternoon, and I say to the chair- Appropriations. I am tor from Massachusetts, that, because of man of the Committee on Armed Serv- a member also of under that committee's legislative subcommit- the fact that these subjects are ices that his explanation is not good tee. We recommend the appropriation study we have no concern about the enough for me. We are entitled to the of points which the Senator from Minne- various funds, and I believe it is up to facts. If the only way we can get them sota raised. is to have an executive session of the us to look into the question of how the I think funds are it is important that we follow I say, let us go into execu- spent. The only way we can Senate of Senate, then do it is to the historic practice of the tive session. We are trying to determine have necessary details sup- holding, upon occasion, executive ses- plied to us. The Senator from New Jer- sions to consider questions affecting the the facts concerning the defense pro- sey may know all about the subject of national defense because in such a mat- gram of our country. juvenile delinquency, but I doubt if it ter each Senator bears a responsibility Mr. President, I desire now to refer to has ever been presented in such a way and the decision reached will determine, another subject. that we could look into it and be in a I think in no small measure, the future The PRESIDING OFFICER. The position to agree with what he says, history of the United States. Senator from Oregon has the floor. C---45 706 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25

NOMINATION OF ROBERT E. LEE selected cross section of voters, today's sur- doing. I challenge that premise, Mr. vey indicates the following highlights on President. I repeat, that when men and MORSE. Mr. President, since the this problem, always a touchy one for Con- Mr. women enter the public service they vote on the Lee nomination, in connec- gressmen. People in the business and professional should do so as dedicated men and tion with which I did not make a speech, women, as having put behind them any that even my silence is subject classes are most sympathetic to raising con- I find salaries, closely followed by white- aspirations to make money. The sal- It is bad enough gressional to misinterpretation. collar workers. However, a sizable majority aries we receive are adequate to meet speaking, but now I to he criticized for in both of these groups is opposed. the needs of the average Senator. What find that I am criticized for being The main opposition to the idea comes we need is an increase in accountable the gentlemen of silent, because some of from farmers and from workers in the expense allowances by means of could which the press wanted to know how I skilled, unskilled, and semiskilled groups. we can better serve our constituents; with the po- In short, the problem for congressional square my vote against Lee but let such expenses be an open book. my 9 years leaders, if they want public support for sition I have taken during I hope this drive on the part of public in the Senate on the confirmation of higher salaries, is to explain the situation to those seg- servants to increase their pay will die an That, Mr. President, is and give convincing reasons nominations. ments of the population in which $25,000 early death, Mr. President, because, in very easy to do. seems like a truly bountiful and magnificent my judgment, with increasing thousands cer- Starting in 1945, I have laid down sum. of persons in this country losing their which I thought tain historic criteria The survey question was: purchasing power, we cannot justify put- United States Congressmen re- should be always followed in confirming At present, ting our hand into the Public Treasury nominations under the advice-and-conceive $15,000 a year in salary and expenses. Would you approve or disapprove of raising as a grabbag and taking out an unwar- sent clause of the Constitution. Those ranted increase in salary. criteria included the character of the this to $25,000 a year? The vote, nationwide and by occupation nominee, his loyalty, his competence to groups: carry out the President's program, and MUTUAL DEFENSE TREATY WITH his freedom from self-interest. KOREA In this instance, Mr. President, I do Dis- No App appreap ve opilion The PRESIDING OFFICER. The not question this particular nominee on question is on agreeing to the motion the ground of character or loyalty to the of country or competence to carry out SPercent Percent Percent the Senator from California [Mr. Nation-.------22 68 10 KNOWLAND] that the Senate proceed to Eisenhower's program, but, on the basis Professional and busi- and of the record, I do ness------..-- .33 58 9 the consideration of the Mutual Defense of the discussion White-collar------...... 0 62 8 question him on the ground of self-in- Treaty with Korea. Manual workers.--- - 18 72 10 The motion was agreed terest, The sponsorship behind him, Farmers ..------. 14 76 10 to; and the raises grave doubts in my mind as to his Senate proceeded to consider Executive freedom from self-interest, and because A, 83d Congress, 2d session, a mutual Of particular interest is the fact that the defense treaty between the United of those doubts, Mr. President, I did not issue is not a partisan one. There is little think he met the historic criteria, and difference of opinion between rank-and-file States of America and the Republic of Korea, I voted against confirming his nomina- Democrats and GOP voters, as the following signed at Washington on Octo- tion on that ground. table shows: ber 1, 1953, which had been reported Now, Mr. President, there is one other favorably from the Committee on For- matter eign Relations with an understanding. to which I desire to advert. Approve Is- No The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Approve approve opinion Senator from Oregon may proceed. POLITICAL PARTISANSHIP IN THE Percent Percent Percent CIVIL SERVICE Democrats_..-....-- ... 20 71 9 Repulicans -- -- 24 67 9 Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. PROPOSED INCREASE IN CONGRES- Independents.------24 64 12 SIONAL SALARIES Mr. President, 1953 will be recorded in the annals of Government as the begin- Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I ask Earlier institute surveys have shown the ning of the "spoils deal" for Federal civil- unanimous consent to have inserted in public consistently tends to resist the idea service employee:;. the body of the RECORD, as a part of my of raising congressional pay. The deceitful manner of those pres- remarks, the results of a Gallup poll on In 1945, for example, when President Tru- ently directing the personnel adminis- man proposed a plan for increasing congres- the question of increasing the salaries tration of our Federal Government has of Members of the Congress. sional salaries from $10,000 a year to $15,000, after wartime wage ceilings were removed, revealed itself through the ugly, dis- There being no objection, the poll was the public vetoed the Idea. torted, and premeditated actions taken ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as The vote on the proposed $5,000 increase in the past 10 months. follows: was: 31 percent approve, 50 percent disap- Beginning with the disguised effort [From the Washington Post of January 24, prove, and 19 percent no opinion. early in the 1st session of the 83d Con- 1954] When Congress passed the bill in 1952 to gress to expand arbitrary dismissal au- THE GALLUP POLL-PAY BOOST TO CONGRESS allow Congressmen to deduct the cost-of- thority, a move which was defeated only OPPOSED, 3 TO 1 living expenses in Washington for tax pur- because poses, an institute survey found public sen- of an overwhelming vote by the (By George Gallup) timent overwhelmingly opposed to the plan. Democrats of the Senate, for which the Although many students of Government Republicans now seek to take credit, and agree that higher salaries for Congressmen Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, Members ending with the recent court decision in- are not only warranted but might make serv- of the Senate will recall that the repre- volving nonveteran career employees, the ice in Congress more attractive to capable sentative of the Independent Party as- Federal civil-service merit system in a citizens, the idea of raising congressional serted a few days ago that the raising few short months has been stripped of pay still gets a cool reception from the people of the salaries of Members of the Con- back home. 50 years of progressive and hard-won gress would constitute an affront to the A coast-to-coast poll by the institute finds meritorious gains. that for every voter who would approve an public. I repeat that assertion today. Mr. President, actions taken early in annual boost of $10,000 in pay for Congress- I am pleased to invite attention to the 1953, and greatly emphasized with the men, three would disapprove. fact that apparently a great many per- President's order designating the new The Commission on Judicial and Congres- sons agree with me on this issue, because Chairman of the Civil Service Commis- sional Salaries recently recommended an in- in a poll, which indicated a cross section sion as his chief White House aide on crease of $12,500 in the salary of Senators of opinion, they indicated by a vote of personnel matters, very decisively re- and Representatives. This would bring their pay to $27,500 a year. 3 to 1 that salaries of Members of the vealed the new administration's lack of The salary is now $12,500, plus a non- Congress should not be increased. confidence in the bipartisan, nonpolitical taxable $2,500 expense allowance. An in- In my opinion, it is no justification atmosphere long prevalent in civil-serv- come-tax deduction of $3,000 is permitted to for an inexcusable increase in congres- ice affairs. cover the cost of living in Washington. sional salaries to say that we would get For the first time, so far as can be From personal Interviews with a carefully better men in the Government by so determined, a member of the supposedly 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE It Is almost impossible to ascertain the United States Government. In part, it bipartisan Civil Service Commission re- a partisan address be- cost, the unnecessary waste of millions reads as follows: cently delivered created by this low morale. fore a politically partisan group. This of dollars, [Standard Form 61 (revised April 1, 1948) has been a great dis- This terrible fear is causing many mis- promulgated by Civil Service Commission- same member, who Ch. A6, Federal Personnel Manuall appointment to me personally, has con- takes and low production. sistently engaged in double talk during An enlightened new administration APPOINTMENT AFFIDAVITS the past few months. would have realized by now that the B. AFFIDAVIT AS TO SUBVERSIVE ACTIVITY AND Mr. CARLSON. Mr. President, will the average civil-service employee is a hard- AFFILIATION Senator yield at that point? working, conscientious, loyal, and non- I am not a Communist or Fascist. I do Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. I partisan American. not advocate nor am I a member of any yield. Yet, not one positive action has been organization that advocates the overthrow of from taken so far to encourage the civil serv- the Government of the United States by force Mr. CARLSON. The Senator or violence or other unconstitutional means South Carolina has mentioned the fact ant or to offer him any measure of protection. or seeking by force or violence to deny other that one of the members of the Civil persons their rights under the Constitution Service Commission has participated in Under the new "spoils-deal," a Gov- of the United States. I do further swear political discussions or speeches. As I ernment employee does not have as much (or affirm) I will not so advocate; nor will understand, tht Civil Service Commis- job protection as the average private I become a member of such organization a nonpartisan board but is employee working in private industry during the period that I am an employee of sion is not the Federal Government. a bipartisan board. under union contract. I believe the record will show that one The new administration has made This oath must be executed before a of my personal friends, who was an out- many claims of inheriting a government qualified notary public. standing member of the Commission of misfits, incompetents, and inefficient Section 1001 of title 18 of the Criminal some years ago, the Honorable Robert employees. Yet in 12 months of rid- Code provides a fine of $10,000 and 5 Ramspeck, also participated in some ding the Government of this type of years' imprisonment for any Government public political meetings, but I would not employee, it has been able to find in this employee who makes any false, fictitious, censure him for so doing. I hope the category only less than one-half of 1 or fraudulent statement to any depart- distinguished Senator from South Caro- percent of the total number of employees ment or agency of the United States lina will keep that fact in mind. who were on the payroll when it assumed Government. Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. control of the Government. If the new administration has found Mr. Ramspeck made some speeches, but This is 25 percent less than the num- one single Government employee who is he did not make them on political basis ber discharged for the same reasons dur- disloyal or engaged in subversive activi- at that time, or not before a political ing 1951 and 1952. ties, or is a member of the Communist group. The administration also claims that it Party or a Communist-front organiza- Mr. CARLSON. I believe the record cannot be held responsible for the action, then why has it not used the viola- will show that he did speak to groups of tions of a government when it cannot tion of this oath as a basis of prosecuting Democratic women on some occasions. control policy by obtaining enough jobs. to the full extent of the law? Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. Since assuming office, the new admin- If the administration has found one Mr. President, every action so far taken istration has been able to make more violation, then the Attorney General of by the administration has been designed than 380,000 job placements. By the the United States has been derelict in to strip civil-service employees of all end of 1956 it will have been able to his duty is not using the violation of the protection and security. replace 1 out of every 2 employees. This oath to obtain an indictment. The complete hypocrisy of those doing is at a rate in excess of 1,500 each I firmly believe every means should the damage is pointed up by the almost working day. be used to prosecute. Simply firing a daily statements of reassurance. It Figures such as this label as false and disloyal employee is not sufficient. I reminds me of a cartoon showing the misleading the statements of those in think the Attorney General of the boss handing the employee his hat as he control of the Government about not United States should immediately tell boots him out the back door while being able to obtain enough jobs through the public how many indictments he assuring; "Don't worry, Mr. Civil normal channels. has obtained from among the 2,200 fir- Servant, you have nothing to fear from Mr. President, this is just another ings claimed by the administration; me." glaring instance of how they alibi. and if there are none, as I suspect, then Mr. President, a great many laws have The controversy now raging over the he should resign his office. been enacted for the protection of effi- completely misleading figures used by the The answer is very obvious, Mr. Presi- cient, loyal, and hard-working career administration of the number of sub- dent. The word "subversive" is now employees. Adequate safeguards also versives fired by them since February is and has been the political football by have been provided to allow agencies to but another glaring example of the harm which the Republicans have gained con- eliminate the incompetent, inefficient, and injustice done for political gain. By trol of this Government. and disloyal employees. Laws do not an association of words, the impression My position on subversives is pretty mean much in this case, however, unless has been left with the average American clear. The records of the Senate will the integrity and feeling of those charged citizen that the Government was staffed show me to be unqualified in my belief with their administration and interpre- by subversives. that those disloyal to America, or those tation believe in the purpose and inten- First, the administration claimed it engaged in any subversive activities, tion for which the laws were enacted. fired 1,456 disloyal employees. Recently should be prosecuted to the fullest ex- Mr. President, it is how a man feels in the figure was raised to 2,200. tent of the law. his heart that counts. This, Mr. President, is known as the However, I am not in favor of im- Many of the actions taken during the practice of deceit and demagoguery. pugning the character of loyal, faithful, past 20 years to strengthen and improve The administration knows its claim is and hard-working American citizens tha merit system were taken by admin- false and that it cannot be substantiated. for political gain or for any other istrative action. The new program announced in Exec- selfish motive. Most of the responsibility rests with utive Order 10450 was designed primarily The President of the United States the executive branch of the Government, to confuse the American public by au- owes it to the American people to cite and the new administration has author- thorizing the use of such figures. It has the true facts in this case, and to release ity either to strengthen or destroy the cost the Government millions of dollars a general breakdown of the figure re- merit system. in the duplication of investigations and ported. Today the morale of the Federal em- has not been an instrument for start- Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- ployee is at an all-time low. ing the dismissal of one single Com- sent to have printed in the RECORD, at Employees so plagued with fear that munist. the end of my remarks, articles ap- they hesitate even to repeat their own I hold in my hand a copy of the oath pearing in the Evening Star, the Wash- names cannot be performing their work of office signed by every Government em- ington Post, and the Washington Daily efficiently. ployee when he enters the service of the News, showing the effort which has been CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE January 25 made by the local press to-clear up this received as in legislative session and re- mission from the arena of politics. One confused situation. ferred to the Committee on Post Office of the features of this plan will be to The PRESIDING OFFICER [Mr. and Civil Service. provide for a set term of office for the COOPER in the chair]. Is there objec- Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. Civil Service Commissioners, and to tion? The Chair hears none, and it is Mr. President, I am also in possession of establish a civilian Board of Review of so ordered. certain documentary proof that the Civil Civil Service Activities. (See exhibit 1.) Service Commission has been turned into Fifth, I will propose that there be an Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. a high-powered searching agency for immediate separation of the Joint Office Mr. President, since much pressure has jobs for the political faithful-proof of Chairman of the Civil Service Com- already been exerted on the President to that will show a member of the Civil mission and White House Adviser to the release a breakdown of these figures, Service Commission as a political tool President on Civil Service Affairs. The without result, I now submit a Senate who has twisted law, rules, and regula- Chairmanship of the Civil Service Com- resolution ordering the Senate Commit- tions to suit the occasion, and the re- mission must be as far removed from tee on Post Office and Civil Service to quests of the members of the adminis- politics as possible. However, the new require that the Chairman of the Civil tration who wish to turn back the pages administration in combining these two Service Commission appear before the of progress to the "spoils system." jobs has placed the Commission squarely committee and give such a breakdown. From time to time during the next sev- in the political arena, with the political I am glad to say that the chairman of eral weeks, I am going to have more to side having the upper hand and making the committee has agreed that we will say about this situation. all the decisions, and with no one left have some hearings on this matter. However, in line with my belief that to argue the case from the merit system Mr. CARLSON. Mr. President, will constructive suggestions must always point of view. Sixth, the Senator from South Carolina yield? follow criticism, I will in the next few I will propose an amendment to days offer several legislative proposals the Classification Act JOHNSTON of South Carolina. I of 1949 so as to Mr. which will be very encouraging to Fed- provide for meritorious yield to the Senator from Kansas. and longevity eral employees. step increases in all grades thorough ac- after 1 year Mr. CARLSON. I am in First, with respect to displaced career of service. In some instances, an em- the statement the distin- cord with employees, I propose that there be es- ployee must now wait 18 months, while Senator from South Carolina has guished tablished in the Civil Service Commis- others receive this benefit at the end of made in regard to a hearing before the sion a revolving fund for the payment of 12 months. Committee on Post Office and Civil Serv- salaries to displaced career employees Seventh, I will propose an increase in As the distinguished Senator will ice. who (a) have over 5 years of service; the travel allowance to $12 per day the or to remember, at the last session of (b) have performance ratings of satis- the actual expenses, whichever and at is less. Senate the matter was discussed, factory or better; (c) have attained the Mr. President, I have already intro- time there was some thought that, that age of 30 or over; (d) and who are duced proposed legislation to provide a in view of the fact that the House Com- separated through no fault of their own, more equitable rate of pay for overtime mittee on Post Office and Civil Service but because of a reduction in force, abol- and holiday work, and to provide sever- and the House Committee on Un-Ameri- ishment of agency functions, and so ance pay for employees who lose their can Activities were considering the sub- forth. jobs through no fault of their own. ject, we mignt let them proceed. I assure When employees who qualify are at- If the President means, as his many the distinguished Senator that the reso- tached to the fund, they shall be avail- statements imply, that he is in favor of lution will come to the Senate Commit- able for temporary reimbursable detail a strong civil-service merit system in tee on Post Office and Civil Service, and I by the Commission to other Government our Government, then let him give his shall be very glad to assist the Senator agencies, Congress, or the judicial endorsement to the program I have just in getting some consideration of the branch, until the Commission locates outlined. I am sure that if these nine matter. them in a permanent position for which points are given his complete endorse- Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. I they qualify. The Civil Service Commis- ment and if immediate action is taken thank the chairman of the committee for sion would have full authority to effect thereon, there will be no further need for that statement. displacement of "noncareer" employees daily statements of reassurance. The resolution I am submitting reads in Government agencies, to make room Mr. President, I yield the floor, as follows: for its displaced career employees. EXHIBIT 1 Whereas President Eisenhower, in his ad- Many thousands of employees who [From the Washington Star of January 3, dress relative to the state of the Union, de- now hold positions in the Government 1954] livered on January 7, 1954, before a joint obtained those positions without success- GOP TRYINo HARD To JUSTIFY session of the Senate and the House of Repre- fully passing civil service fitness tests, 1,456 SECURITY sentatives, Informed the Congress that under whereas hundreds who came to the Gov- the standards established for the new em- (By L. Edgar Prina) ployees security program, more than 2,200 ernment after passing rigid civil service examinations, The Eisenhower administration, which employees have been separated from the without political consid- points with public pride to its new Federal Federal Government; eration, are now walking the streets, un- employee security program, is privately Whereas the President did not disclose to employed. These people had been told embarrassed these days by the ill-considered the Congress whether any of such employees they could expect to make the Govern- use it has made of an almost meaningless were separated because they were disloyal or ment service a career. figure-1,456. of questionable loyalty to the United States; Second, I will propose legislation that, That is supposed to be the number of Whereas it is essential that the Congress, if enacted would give nonveteran ca- security risks fired or forced to resign from In order properly to perform its legislative reer employees the same right of appeal the Government in the 4 months beginning functions, be informed as to the number of last May 27, the day the current security such employees who were separated for rea- as that now enjoyed by veterans. program was launched. sons relating to their loyalty to the United Third, the Congress will be asked to What the figure actually signifies, how- States, and the number who were separated clarify and restate its intentions with ever, has been the subject of heated debate for other reasons: Therefore be it respect to the area in which employees since the White House first used it in an Resolved, That the Committee on Post may compete in case of a reduction in announcement October 23.' Office and Civil Service is authorized and force. directed to take such action as may be neces- CRITICISM BACKED sary to obtain from the Chairman of the The Civil Service Commission by a In attempting to analyze the makeup of Civil Service Commission a detailed state- reinterpretation of its rules and regula- this highly publicized sum. The Star has ment of the reasons for separation in the tions has placed severe restrictions of found administration officials extraordi- cases of the 2,200 employees referred to by the area of competition. In some in- narily reluctant to talk. It also has found the President in his address relative to the stances the limit has been confined to evidence supporting two principal criticisms state of the Union as having been separated divisions or even to sections within of the disputed figure and the use the ad- from the Government under the standards agencies. Congress fully intended that ministration has made of it. established for the new employee security These are the criticisms: program. employees be allowed to compete on an l. The figure is a catchall-security risks agency-wide basis. include not only persons believed disloyal The resolution (S. Res. 199) submitted Fourth, I intend to propose legislation but a wide range of other unsuitable types by Mr. JoHNsToN of South Carolina was again to remove the Civil Service Conm- ranging from sex deviates to employees who CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE ,709 ad- tage of everything the broadest interpreta- falsely word application forms. Yet the ployees are hired and fired inevitably pro- has used the figure in such a tion of the Executive order would allow," he duced numbers with different meanings. ministration asserted, way as to imply that almost 1,500 Reds- Mr. Young made his report to the Na- ORIGIN OP POLICr perhaps even spies-have been rooted out by tional Security Council on October 22. The the Eisenhower administration after escap- How did the new program and the figure next day the White House made its an- ing detection in the Truman era. 1,456 actually come about? nouncement that 1,456 persons had been 2. Even on this catchall basis, the admin- In his state-of-the-Union message last ousted. istration figure appears to be heavily padded. January, General Eisenhower announced Since then, Republicans from Mr. Elsen- The Star's survey indicates, in this connec- that a security system, based on the idea that hower to Senator MCCARTHY has referred to tion, that included in the 1,456 are cases working for the Government was a privilege the 1,456 often and lovingly. These refer- where the individual concerned had never rather than a right, would be put Into effect ences, almost invariably have been made in been confronted with derogatory informa- at the earlest moment. connection with discussions of the Commu- tion. Attorney General Brownell and his Justice nists-in-Government problem. SOME DEAD INCLUDED Department lawyers then took over. Robert BREAKDOWN REFUSED includes, it appears, persons Minor, first assistant to Deputy Attorney The figure While administration officials, like Mr. or forced to resign, as General William Rogers, met with security who never were fired Young, readily grant that the public gen- implied, but officers of the various agencies in a series of the White House announcement erally attaches the same odious meaning to through volun- give-and-take sessions. Out of these meet- who instead were separated "security risk" and "disloyalty," they in force-even ings came the basis of Executive Order 10450. have tary resignations, reductions declined repeatedly to give a breakdown of knowing they had The President announced the new pro- by death-without ever the 1,456 cases. And their public state- A few apparently gram on April 27, to become effective a month been accused of anything. ments have not helped to draw the before the Eisen- later. This ended the old Truman loyalty distinc- had left the Government tion they conceded Is there. For example, was launched. setup which, in its more than 6 years of life, hower security program the President read the following prepared re- which produced the 1,456 fired or denied employment to 557 persons The arithmetic marks at a press conference on December 2: done at the Civil Service Commis- about whose loyalty a reasonable doubt sum was "I repeat my previously expressed supposedly was aided by other existed. convic- sion, which tion that fear of Communists and agencies in collecting the The Eisenhower order was aimed at a much actively un- departments dermining our Government will not be statistics used. Actually, broader target. Besides disloyal persons, it an is- Government-wide sue in the 1954 elections. Long before the Commission seems to have done included individuals who are dishonest, un- then however, this administration will have made such a good deal of its own figure-gathering. The trustworthy, unreliable, or immoral; alco- progress in rooting them out under the embarrassing result has been that several holics, drug addicts, those with serious men- se- curity program developed by Attorney Gen- agencies have had great difficulty making tal or neurological disorders, those who eral Brownell that this can no longer be their own figures square with those relied on conduct themselves disgracefully, and those considered a serious menace. As you already by the White House In making the October who may be subjected to coercion or pressure know, about 1,500 persons who were security announcement. which may cause them to act contrary to the risks have already been removed. * interests of national security. FIGURES CONFLICT "By next fall I hope the public, no longer Thus, when the individual departments EXTENDED FIRING POWER fearful that Communists are destructively at were asked to back up the Civil Service Com- Executive Order 10450 extended provisions work within the Government, will wish to mission by announcing their own figures on of Public Law 733 of 1950 to all departments commend the efficiency of this administra- security risk dismissals, at least three big and agencies of the Government. This law tion in eliminating this menace to the Na- ones-Post Office, Navy, and Air Force-came had given the Secretaries of the Armed Serv- tion's security." figures than the ones as- up with different ices and several other sensitive agencies the M'CARTHY USES FIGURE signed them by the Commission and in- power to remove summarily persons suspect- And Senator MCCARTHY, corporated in the 1,456 total. ed of disloyalty or who were believed to be In a nationwide radio address on November 24, declared: Something of a crisis was reached re- threats to the national security. "For example, while almost daily from cently in the administration's efforts to pub- The new program gives the accused an op- after the time I mentioned the 57 Communists and licize the issue. The Air Force, portunity to present his case to a Security Service as to 205 security risks in Government, until the lengthy argument with Civil Hearing Board, made up of three individuals had been removed time the Truman-Acheson regime was re- how many security risks from agencies outside his own. The Secre- con- moved from office-almost daily some leader from Air Force rolls, rebelled against tary of the accused's department selects official of the Democratic Party would proclaim to forming with the already announced these board members from a panel main- policy reasons it canceled a the country that there were no Communists figure. For tained by the Civil Service Commission. press release on the subject. in Government, and that my attempt to Privately, Air Force officials tried to get The board recommended action to the de- dig them out was dishonest and a hoax. partment head, who may or may not abide the CSC to announce the Air Force figure- The new administration has now gotten rid on the ground that only the Commission by the recommendation. There is no further of 1,456, all of whom were security risks and knew exactly how the October total had been appeal. Under the Truman system, a cen- practically all of whom were removed be- arrived at and what it meant. But the tral Loyalty Review Board heard appeals cause of Communist connections and activi- Commission declined to make the announce- from regional boards and it. decision was ties or perversion." ment itself. And there the matter rests. final. Chairman Young denies that statements in Executive Order 10450 charges the Civil which security-risk NAVY HAS TROUBLE dismissals are mentioned Service Commission with a continuing study in the same breath with the Communists-in- Earlier, the Navy had run into similar of the manner in which the agencies carry Government issue confuse the average cit- trouble. The CSC which, under National Se- out the security program. Also, the com- izen and give many the impression that the curity Council-White House direction, had mission is directed to report to the National Government is crawling with Reds and fel- quietly set up a press-release schedule for the Security Council at least semiannually on low travelers. various agencies to announce their share of the results of this study. YOUNG BLAMES PRESS the 1,456, asked the Navy to issue a state- At a Security Council meeting 3 months ment on November 2. (Originally it had ago Philip Young, Chairman of the CSC, Instead, Mr. Young blames the press for asked the Navy to be ready on October 31, but and advisor to the President on personnel failing to make the public understand that the post office, which was the first to an- matters, was asked how many persons had a person may be a security risk without be- nounce, also had figure trouble and request- been dismissed as security risks. Mr. Young ing a member of the Communist Party or ed a delay.) had no figures available. (Under the order in any way disloyal. The Navy prepared a release stating that he had until late November to make his first Mr. Young does not seem anxious to aid 8 civilian workers had been fired and 12 oth- report.) He returned to his office and sent in this education process. The Star tried for ers suspended as security risks. The Com- out a call to the agencies for reports. This a week to learn from C8C the date Mr. mission immediately replied that it had was on October 5. He asked for replies with- Young sent out his request to the agencies counted 192 for the Navy and had included in 2 weeks. With these, and the Commis- for statistics. Commission information that figure in the total reported to the White sion's own investigative records, he counted specialists said they would have to check House. More than a month of wrangling, re- 1,456, with Mr. Young personally. The answer OFFICIALS IN DOUBT examination, and discussion followed. The finally came back: This information is "not result: On December 7, the Navy issued a Several security officers have declared that releasable." (It was obtained elsewhere.) vaguely worded release, open to a variety of they were not certain as to just what figures This reluctance to talk about the pro- interpretations, which said that 192 the Commission wanted-and still aren't. persons, gram, in its obviously unclassified aspects, against whom a security question existed, undoubtedly explains part of the con- This occurs in the face of the President's state- had been separated. fusion over figures between the agencies and December 2. Speaking of the se- An official, conceding that Navy headquar- the Commission. One of the security chiefs ment of issue, General ters did not have details from its more than asserted that Mr. Young's "extremely hur- curity program and the Red 700 field offices, said the Navy went to the ried" call for statistics, which had to be Eisenhower said: absolute limit to go along with the Commis- gathered from thousands of offices in all "The people must have the facts on this sion. "They (the Commission) took advan- parts of the world where Government em- important subject in order to reach sound CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25

conclusions. As provided for in the liber- it has been using has produced confusion transferred from the administrative control alized regulations of this administration, es- and numbers with no clear meaning. The of the State Department to Harold Stassen's tablished facts, so far as the national se- Civil Service Commission, with the advice of foreign aid outfit and to the newly independ. curity permits, will continue to be made the Justice Department and agency security ent Information Agency. Many of these peo- available." officers, has developed a new monthly report ple were transferred "with the warning flag form. This makes clear what statistics are up" and then listed DIFFICULT TO BREAK DOWN as State Department se- required. curity firings-although the great majority The Star asked Mr. Young how many of The Commission, however, will not tell the were cleared on further investigation, and his 1,456 security cases involved loyalty. He press what information the new report form never fired at all. replied: seeks. Nor will it say whether the form is In the vast majority of these "I, as a taxpayer, am not interested in cases there now in use. was no question whatsoever whether a person was discharged for being of disloyalty or Two weeks ago Mr. Young and Mr. Brownell procommunlsm. In about 19 out disloyal or for being a drunk, and I don't of 20 cases met with Government security officers at the the reason, if any, for the firing was heavy think the average person is. They just want Justice Department to take critical stock of drinking, temperamental to know that we are getting rid of this type unsuitability, or the program and to discuss, among other the like. Where there was some pro-Com- of person on the Government payroll." things, the new reporting system. munist charge, it was often on He also pointed to the difficulty of divid- the order of And the Justice Department's Mr. Minor, the charge against one female Government ing the cases under headings of loyalty and who perhaps had as much to do with the worker, who was accused of "sympathetic as. nonloyalty because some persons may have actual writing of the employee security pro- sociation" with her husband. This woman been charged on both counts. gram as any other, told the Star the admin- appealed the charge and on further investi. The Star first called attention on Decem- istration is not forgetting that dismissals gation her husband turned out to be a rather ber 8 to the fact that the 1,456 figure had under the Executive order are to be made mousy fellow, who had never taken an in- been padded with voluntary resignations, only in the "interests of national security." terest in politics. reduction-in-force cases, and other persons "If the order is being used for any other In short, there was not a not fired after having been proven security single case of purpose, we want to know about it," Mr. actual subversion in risks. Proof of this fact was contained ex- all the State Depart- Minor said. ment's security firings-and plicitly in the release in which the Navy an- it is doubtful it there was one such nounced its own contribution to the October case throughout the Government. Yet to 99 out total. This is what the Navy said: [From the Washington Post of January 20, of a 100 people, the news that there have been "Separations in some instances were af- 1954] a large num. her of security firings means that fected after preferment of charges and hear- MATTER OF FACT this num. ber of Communists and subversives ings. Others were separated through resig- have ac- (By Joseph and Stewart Alsop) tually been uncovered in the Government. nation or reductionin force prior to final THE TANGLED WEB Under processing of derogatory information, or by the circumstances, it is surprising other administrative action during the em- Since he returned from France to seek the that any self-respecting person will work for ployee's trial period." Presidency Dwight D. Eisenhower has been the Government at all. What is even sold a good many lemons in the name of more surprising is that anyone should have PROCEDURE IN DOUBT "smart politics." But about the worst lemon thought that this amateurish political fakery The logical question, of course, is whether he has been sold yet is the strategy, worked should not be exposed for what it is. Appar- the procedures followed in the Navy case out by certain of the administration's ama- ently it never occurred to the geniuses who were followed in producing the purge figures teur Machiavellis, for dealing with the Com- thought up the scheme that someone might for other agencies. No one in the adminis- munist issue. ask for a breakdown of the security firings. tration will say that handling of the Navy As an example of this strategy in action, Thus when reporters asked Civil Service figures was typical of the way the whole take the administration's repeated boasts Commission Chairman Phillip Young for list was produced. But, on the other hand, about the 1,456-now 2,200-people who have such a breakdown he could only reply fatu- nobody will say it wasn't. been fired from the Government as security ously that he was "not interested" in such James Hatcher, head of the Civil Service risks. The privately admitted purpose of matters, and did not believe the "average Commission's security appraisal unit, was these security firings has been to "grab the person" was interested either. The story of asked whether the figures for other agen- Commie issue away from JOE MCCARTHY." the State Department firings make the rea- cies also included voluntary resignations, The idea has been to undercut MCCARTHY son for this awkward evasion perfectly ob- reduction in force, and other administrative by broadcasting the notion that the new ad- vious. separations found on the Navy list. He said ministration found the Government crawling But what is downright incredible id that he was not at liberty to discuss the matter with subversives; promptly fired the lot; and anyone could have supposed that this sort and suggested that Mr. Young was the only thus left MCCARTHY with nothing further to of slick numbers game was an effective way one who could. Perhaps Mr. Young could. do but twiddle his thumbs. The story of the to undercut MCCARTHY. MCCARTHY has al- But he wouldn't. State Department's security firings demon- ready, of course, profited heavily from the The same kind of thing is encountered in strates how this was to be accomplished. whole business-such as he profited heavily trying to estimate the percentage of the A grand total of 306 State Department se- from Attorney General Brownell's attack on 1,456 figure which actually has to do with curity firings have been announced. Ac- former President Truman, which was also cases. loyalty cording to reliable report, this impressive- supposed to steal the show from MCCARTHY. NAvY RATE LOW even frightening-total was arrived at in the MCCARTHY has used the administration's The bulk of the Navy's security separa- following manner. In the first place, the fake figures to "prove" his own ancient, dis- tions were blue-collar workers-laborers and word was passed down through Assistant credited charges against the State Depart- helpers and the like. Navy officials know of Secretary Scott McLeod's security and per- ment. only 17 cases involving subversive associa- sonnel offices that what was wanted was the According to report, the President him- tions or questionable loyalty. They spot largest possible total of such firings. self, and Chief Presidential Aide Sherman checked civil-service records on the 175 Two techniques-both palpably dishon- Adams, are beginning to realize that they others-every fifth one-and found no addi- est-were therefore used to swell the total. were sold a lemon, and are by no means tional loyalty cases. The files of those State Department employ- pleased by the realization. If so, this may According to an Air Force official, instances ees who were in the process of resigning- help the administration's amateur Machia- of questionable loyalty were no higher in his always a considerable number, since there vellis to understand'that they are no equals department, percentagewise, than they were is a constant turnover-were carefully scru- to Senator MCCARTHY, when it comes to slick in the Navy. The Air Force employs 289,000 tinized. In the raw files of any Government and political filmfiammery. the Navy 435,000 civilian workers-a worker who is not a zombie, there Is pretty total roughly one-third of all Government sure to be some morsel of gossip which can employees. be labeled "derogatory information." Wher- [From the Washington News of December 21, The Star has been told by sources it be- ever the raw files provided the slightest ex- 1953] and Vet- lieves to be reliable that the Army cuse for so doing, the names of those who THE CASE OF THE LANGUAGE SPECIALIST- erans' Administration also have low rates of were resigning anyway were added-without INJUSTICES CREEP INTO UNITED STATES on other loyalty cases. No information their knowledge-to the grand total of State SECURITY PROGRAM agencies is available. Department security firings. the reasons for a low percentage of (By Anthony Lewis) One of About half the State Department total in the military is that for 3 The News today begins a series of articles loyalty cases was arrived at in this way. If the same years the Army, Navy, and Air Force have had which, without any real pub- proportion holds throughout the Govern- on a subject the authority under Public Law 733 to fire about it, has aroused great ment, there must be more than a thousand lic knowledge summarily any employee believed to have new Government workers who have resigned with interest and political controversy-the subversive connections. The State Depart- employees, a clear conscience and what they thought to security program for Federal ment, Central Intelligence Agency, and sev- be a clear record, and who were nevertheless President Eisenhower put the program into eral others also have had this authority. listed officially as having been fired as se- effect last May. It replaced suspected dis- NEW REPORT FORM 'USED curity risks. loyalty as grounds for dismissal from Gov- Of late the administration apparently,has The second technique was just as dishon- ernment service with more general grounds recognized that the reporting system which est. Large numbers of people were being of subversive conduct or associations, of loose CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE

an quite short of trained help. She now works ing for the Government). I started law talk and immorality which might make vulnerable to blackmail. for $40 a week in a department store. school at night * * * and was admitted to employee "She probably did as much to fight com- the bar in * * *." The administration recently announced munism as anyone in the field over the 1.456 persons were forced from their As a lawyer, Mr. G has handled cases in that years," a friend of Mrs. C said. "But she under the program through September his spare time, with the approval of his jobs made the than that it is difficult to learn. mistake of being too much in love Government office. The practice has never 30. More with the guy she later married, so the United The Government says it cannot break amounted to much. for the 1,456 employees' States Government deprives itself of her down the reasons services." TWO POINTS removal, or the methods used to get them Mrs. C's little boy put it this way: "The The written charges which the security And the ousted employees naturally out. State Department stunk." officers sent him when he was suspended in- advertising their identities. are not cluded two main points relating to his work FEAR DOMINATES as a lawyer. This was the first: [From the Washington Daily News of surely know removal was justified. "You at one time were a member of the Some December 22, 1953] Others, though they feel themselves wronged, National Lawyers Guild, an organization fear possible damage to their reputations THE SECURITY PROGRAM AND THE INNOCENT- cited by the House Committee on Un-Amer- by the mere charge and do not wish to fight MR. G WAS CLEARED,BUT HIS JOB STILL Ican Activities as a Communist organization." through long appeal procedures while sus- ELUDES HIM In the written answer he had to file, pended without pay. (By Anthony Lewis) Mr. G said that some years ago he made an Nevertheless, through attorneys and (This is the second of a series of articles unsuccessful efiort to get the lawyer's job friends, the News has learned the stories of based on a few of the 1,456 persons who were in various Federal agencies. some employees brought up on security separated from their Government jobs as "At one of them, and I do not recall charges. "security risks." The Government has not which," he wrote, "the general counsel * * * Because of the Government's silence- told the number of loyalty risks included in told me that he was an officer of the Na- possibly proper silence-these articles neces- this total number of security risks. These tional Lawyers Guild and informed me that the sarily give only the employees' side of few cases by no means are presented as In- practically all the top lawyers in the Gov- picture. No suggestion is made that the dicative of the whole group, or as indicative ernment belong to it * * * are representa- cases which will be described of the way in which security cases are gen- "I inferred that I would not be seriously They are simply the ones tive of all cases. erally handled. The circumstances as pre- considered for a legal position unless I filled we have found. sented here reflect the bias of the defendants in an application for membership-which FALTERING MACHINERY themselves, and their lawyers and friends, he handed me. I filled in the application The stories do give a peep into the ma- since the Government properly refuses to and paid him, to the best of my recollection, enter a public discussion against chinery of the security program, and they them. De- a dollar, which was the only bill I has with fendants' show a system not working perfectly in the names have been deleted. The me * * *. I did not get the job." interest of either the individual or the Gov- facts are as told to us. The reason for pre- The hearing board met for 3 days on ernment. senting them here is because they indicate Mr. G's case. It took testimony from him, Bearing in mind that we were given only that improvements in the handling of such from his witnesses and from witnesses the cases could be made.) one side of the story-they still seem to Government had called. When the board show some injustice, some pressing or far- Two and one-half months ago a Govern- made its favorable decision on Mr. G, it fetched charges which might have been ment hearing board recommended that Ber- sent him a "memorandum of reasoning" on avoided by more preliminary investigation. nard G be cleared of all security charges each charge. They show some painful delays-appeals against him and that he be given back his This is what it found on the Lawyers which have been pending for months and job. Guild charge: are still not decided. In all cases names and Since then, nothing has happened. Mr. "Mr. G became a member of the Lawyers identifying clues have had to be withheld G is still suspended. Guild for 1 year. It does not appear that or changed. He is waiting for action by his department he renewed his membership * * * At that One afternoon last spring 10 employees of head, who must make the final decision on time lawyers of national prominence were the State Department found a letter on their every contested case under the Eisenhower members * * * and there is no evidence to desks: security program. Indicate that the Lawyers Guild was then "This is to advise you that within 48 hours Is there still doubt about Mr. G despite considered a subversive organization." charges involving immorality will be lodged exhaustive hearings and the board's strong The second charge connected with against you. This notice does not abrogate recommendation in his favor? Or is there Mr. G's legal work was: your right to resign immediately or to reply simply a big backlog of cases for the depart- "It has been reported that (you know) to the charges." ment head to decide? Mr. Z- , a known Communist and sub- One who got the notice was Mrs. C, a $6,000- A MYSTERY scriber to the Morning Freiheit." a-year language specialist. The specific Mr. G answered charge was that she had slept with her hus- Mr. G can't find out. that he had served as band before she married him. He had been a Federal employee for 22 lawyer for Mr. Z and Mrs. Z some years ago in their purchase She had met Mr. C while he was getting a years when the charges were filed against of a grocery. G's brother- in-law, who was a grocer himself, had re- divorce from his first wife, about 10 years him, and he had never had any charge ferred them to him. ago. When the divorce became final, they brought against him under the old loyalty married. program. "I saw Z once at the grocery store," Mr. Less than 9 months later a son was born Under a provision of the Eisenhower pro- G wrote, "and once with the former to them. gram, Mr. 0 was automatically suspended owner's lawyer. I have not seen him since, The Eisenhower security by the bringing of charges this year, and his but I have had some indication of his views program's stric- * * * tures on immorality apply not only to sexual $8,000-a-year salary was stopped. It was through a trying incident. perversion, as has been well publicized, but more than 2 months before his appeal "My brother-in-law was'at my home for to intimate heterosexual (normal) relations reached the hearing board. my son's bar mitsvah (confirmation in the out of wedlock. Mr. G has earned no salary now for almost Jewish faith) when Z called him and said he would drop by. KINSEY FIGURES 5 months. Lawyer's fees are mounting up. In the Kinsey report sample, 92 percent of Why is he still waiting and hoping? For HE REBUFFED MR. Z one thing, his 22 years as a Government all men and almost 50 percent of women had "My brother-in-law then told me he had worker have all been in the same office, had such relations, but the theory of the had an argument with Z in which Z had That is the job he knows. For another, he security program is that such an immoral talked like a Communist. Although I dis- believes he has been unjustly accused. person may be subject to blackmail. liked being ungracious, I told him I would In the case of Mrs. C, the date of her child's "A LOYAL LIFE" not have Z in the house. birth was public knowledge. Blackmail "I have been dependable and have lived a "In the circumstances my wife put chairs would seem an impossibility, and she might life loyal to God, to my country, to my fam- out in the yard, and Z visited with my have pressed an appeal against her dismissal ily, and to my community," Mr. G said in brother-in-law there while I remained in the on that ground. his appeal. "That life should speak for me house. Since then my brother-in-law has But Mrs. C decided not to fight, The now in elimination of any possible stain of told me that he became convinced of Z's very nature of the charge, she felt, made too being considered disloyal or a security risk." Commie views and is no longer on speak- great the possible damage * * * to herself, Mr. C The security charges against Bernard G ing terms. and especially the child. She took the strong stem from two important decisions he made "It seems to me, although I am not sure, hint in the Department's notice and resigned. in his life. that I have heard of the Morning Freiheit FORTY DOLLABS A WEEK The first was to become a lawyer. as a Jewish language newspaper. I have Mrs. C left with no favorable reference for "For the better support of my family," never seen it, and know nothing of it. I her years as a Government worker. The label Mr. G told the hearing board, "I strove to do not know whether Z was ever a sub- "security risk" was enough to keep her from improve myself and so find some honorable scriber to it. I gather from the charges private employment In her field, though it is source of supplemental income (while work- that it is a Communist newspaper." 712 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE January 25

The hearing board found: "The party was social. However, some quiz developed into personal animosities. Such "The evidence indicates that Mr. G's asso- games were played which cost 25 or 50 cents terms as 'crackpots,' 'long hairs,' 'radicals' ciation with Mr. Z was solely of a profes- an entry, with a prize for the winner. My 'pinkos,' and 'Communists' have been ban. sional nature in connection with isolated recollection is that I was told the money died about loosely by disgruntled individ- legal matters." would go for Spanish war orphans. My wife uals. * * * If these charges against Mr. G could be remembers it as in aid of Loyalist refugees in "In this environment a civic-minded in. dismissed in such a brusque, matter-of-fact general. dividual-whether conservative or other. fashion, why were they ever brought against "Like many Americans my sympathies at wise-is bound to be exposed to criticism. him at all? the time favored the Loyalists, on the under- In the case of Mr. G, who took part in many Shouldn't they have been thrown out be- standing that they were democrats fighting activities; the testimony showed that he was, fore they ever got to the stage of formal a dictator. I probably played 1 or 2 games if anything, a moderating and conservative charge? Wasn't there any preliminary inves- at a probable cost of 50 cents." influence." tigation, any sober judgment cast on their MIXED GROUP Then the hearing board concluded: value? This is what the hearing board decided: "Based on all the evidence heard * * * and the reports of investigation There is no answer. "The evidence establishes that Mr. G was furnished by the hearing the Government, the board With those charges aside, present at a social party. * * Guests In- could reach no aspect other conclusion but that board turned to the other interesting cluded some reputed to have radical or left- Mr. G's employ. in Parkview, a ment is clearly consistent of Mr. G's life-his home wing tendencies and others whose reputation with the interest pseudonym the News will use for a housing of national security." was unquestioned. here by the Federal Gov- That is not the end of development built "Money was raised for some Spanish relief the story. Under ernment. the Eisenhower security organization, the exact name of which is program the head "Parkview is a small town intensified," of Mr. G's agency had not clear. The Spanish Aid Committee, to pass on the hear. "Kindliness and ing board's recommendation, Mr. G wrote in his appeal. which allegedly was the recipient, was not and so far he abound. But so, too, do has taken no action. Mr. good neighborliness placed on the Attorney General's list until G is still sus- pettiness and backbiting." pended without pay. 8 years after the party." Mr. G's That's how curtly the hearing board took lawyer, who also had some cases under the old Truman loyalty (From the Washington Daily News of care of that charge. program, said the appeal procedure and personnel in December 23, 1953] What informer originally made it? Did the security officers Investigate before they Mr. G's case were fair enough. Certainly THREE HEARING DAYS SPENT ON GOSSIP--MR. no defendant could complain about the G's SECURITY TROUBLES TRACED TO LOOSE accused Mr. G formally of soliciting Spanish aid? No one but the security officers knows. board's careful findings. TONGUES But the lawyer did express surprise that (By Anthony Lewis) The second charge against Mr. G In connection with Parkview was much broader: some of the charges should even have been of a series of articles (This is the third "Several reliable informants have de- formally brought. Who were the "reliable of a few persons charged as based on stories scribed you as a leader and very active in a Informants" who called Mr. G a "radical" at the new Elsenhower security risks under radical group in Parkview. Many of this Parkview? Wouldn't any preliminary police has security program. President Eisenhower group are thought to be of questionable work have shown that charge to be absurd? employees have been announced that 1,456 character concerning loyalty to the United "G is a pretty conservative guy," the at- removed for security reasons, but the Gov- States. Some are described as even willing torney said, "probably a little too conserva- publicly how many of ernment will not say to defend communism in any discussion of tive for my taste." involved subversion or disloyalty. those cases ideology." The lawyer was also surprised at the time The cases as presented here reflect the bias Mr. G began his answer by flatly denying the case has taken-3 full days of hearings of the defendants and their lawyers and that he was a radical of any kind. He said and months of waiting-all for a relatively prop- friends, since the Government perhaps nobody had ever dared defend communism in unimportant Federal employee. erly refuses to enter a public discussion his presence. He said be had belonged only "What can it mean for the program as a about them. The stories are not represented to organizations like the Lions and the Par- whole," the lawyer asked, "when they take all security charges or handling as typical of ent-Teacher Association. this long for a case I regard as infinitesimal?" of cases. But the facts are as told to us. They offer evidence of thin charges brought, CONSERVATIVE of difficulties faced by employees in appeal- Then he made clear that he regarded him- [From the Washington Daily News of ing, of painful delays in handling of cases. self as allied to the conservative rather than December 24, 1953] Names and identifications have been dis- radical element in Parkview. THE CASE OF ATTORNEY D-GUILT BY ASSO- guised at defendants' request.) "The charge probably arises," he said, CIATION WITH A SECURITY CLIENT For almost 3 days, the security-hearing "out of the hotly contested issue of home (By Anthony Lewis) board listened to testimony about Bernard ownership in Parkview. It was originally G before it decided that there was nothing built, owned, and operated by the Federal (This is the fourth of a series of articles wrong with him at all. Government, and in effect rents for low- based on stories of a few persons charged Mr. G, who had worked for the Govern- income tenants were subsidized. as security risks under the new Eisenhower ment for 22 years, has been suspended for "When the Government indicated it security program. President Eisenhower has 5 months now as a security risk. He still wanted to sell Parkview, a large majority of announced that 1,456 employees have been hasn't been finally cleared. the residents favored forming a corporation removed for security reasons, but the Gov- ernment will not say publicly how many of The hearing board spent most of the time to buy the homes. A highly vocal minority those cases involved subversion or disloy- looking into Mr. G's life at Parkview (a fic- was opposed. Its core consisted of the low- as presented here reflect the titious name for a housing project here). income group who naturally did not want to alty. The cases bias of the defendants and their lawyers Mr. G, whose case was described in part in lose low, noncommercial rent; and friends, since the Government perhaps yesterday's News, has lived in Parkview "Parkview was finally sold this year to for properly refuses to enter a public discussion more than 10 years. Parkview Housing, Inc., for which I was an about them. The stories are not represented "I have assisted attorney. Rents were raised in the lower in various aspects of the as typical of all security %harges or han- community," he wrote the hearing board. brackets because the homeowners could not dling of cases. But the facts are as told to "So I afford to continue subsidies, and this served have necessarily met many people in us. They offer evidence of thin charges Parkview, not all of them my friends." to madden some of the minority. "Last year, incidentally, I spoke in favor brought, of difficulties faced by employees in ATTENDEDMEETING of requiring a loyalty oath from every direc- appealing, of painful delays in handling of The first formal charge against Mr. G in tor of Parkview Housing. cases. Names and identifications have been connection with Parkview was this: "I know that hotheads in the minority disguised at defendants' request.) "There is a record of your attending a there have, in their exasperation, thrown Along with the basic Anglo-American con- meeting at which donations were required. around wild and untrue acousations. * * * cept that even the worst criminal is entitled * * * The donations were for the United But any description of me as any kind of to a lawyer goes the understanding that a American Spanish Aid Committee which is radical is simply untrue." lawyer must not be judged by his clients. on the Attorney General's list of subversive The hearing board took a long, cool look at If he defends a thief or a Communist, that organizations. * * * It is of record that you Parkview, and decided this: doesn't make him one-yet. solicited and requested other individuals to "From its inception Parkview has been a A Government employee who was recently attend the meeting." subject of controversy * * * suspended as a security risk found among In his written answer to that charge, Mr. "From without it has been eyed sus- the specific counts against him a charge G said he had never heard of the Spanish Aid piciously as a 'queer' experiment. The fact that he had associated with Attorney D. Committee, but that his lawyer had told him that residents had so many cooperative un- "Attorney D was a chief defense attorney it had something to do with the Spanish dertakings was associated with something in the Amerasia case," the charge said, "and Loyalists. apart from conventional private enterprise. is suspected of having Communist ten- "Soon after we moved into Parkview," Mr. Rumor and gossip has given Parkview a 'radi- dencies." 0 said, "we were invited to a party. As new cal' reputation." The Government worker, in his answer to residents we were glad to go. There were EPITHETS the charge, said he had met Attorney D many Parkview residents there, including the "Within, disagreements over management once-in connection with a lawsuit in which mayor. have resulted in heated disputes that often D was on the other side. 195.4 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 713 friends, since the Government perhaps prop- see At this point our story leaves the accused him. The security hearing board has erly refuses to enter a public discussion not yet decided her case. Federal employee to examine the Govern- about them. The stories are not represented ment's attitude toward the lawyer he had as typical of all security charges or han- met once, Attorney D, and especially toward [From the Washington dling of cases. But the facts are as told to us. Daily News of connection with the Amerasia case. December D's They offer evidence of thin charges brought, 29, 19531 PAPERS SEIZED of difficulties faced by employees in appeal- DILEMMA FOR THE INNOCENT-FIGHTING Amerasia was a magazine, later found to ing, of painful delays in handling of cases. DISLOYALTY CHARGES CAN BE LONG AND have pro-Communist sentiments, in whose Names and identifications have been dis- COSTLY ofices the FBI seized some secret State De- guised at defendants' request.) (By Anthony Lewis) partment papers. Mrs. Q, who has a nonsensitive Job with (This is another in a series of articles based Four editors and writers on the magazine the Government here, was handed a slip of on stories of a few persons charged as "secu- were and two State Department employees paper last summer announcing that she rity risks" under the new Eisenhower secu- com- charged by the FBI with conspiring to would soon be accused as a security risk. rity program. President Eisenhower has an- the mit espionage. Charges against 4 of The notice said: nounced that 1,456 employees have been re- 2 defendants were dismissed, and the other "Specifically, it is charged that you con- moved for security reasons, but the Govern- paid small fines. tinue sympathetic associations with your ment will not say publicly how many of Was Attorney D accused of being part of husband, -, who was reported to be a those cases involved subversion or disloyalty. the Amerasia conspiracy? Of even know- member of - and - (two Communist- The cases as presented here reflect the bias ing the defendants before trial? Of doing front organizations)." of the defendants and their lawyers and any spying himself? Whether in a sensitive position or not, an friends, since the Government perhaps prop- No. He was described by a security officer accused employee must immediately be sus- erly refuses to enter a public discussion as having communistic tendencies because pended under the Eisenhower security order. about them. The stories are not represented he had acted as a defense attorney in the Mrs. Q's superior told her to clean out her as typical of all security charges or handling case. desk and leave. of cases. But the facts are as told to us. When Attorney D heard that he figured in Mrs. Q decided to fight for her job. She They offer evidence of thin charges brought, the security case, he decided to file an affi- hired a lawyer, and 1 week after she received of difficulties faced by employees in appeal- davit with the security hearing board han- the notice, she filed an answer. ing, of painful delays in handling of cases. dling it-even though, again, he was not She admitted that she was married to her Names and identifications have been dis- himself a defendant. husband and was "continuing sympathetic guised at defendants' request.) INSINUATION DENIED associations" with him. She was living with When a Federal employee chooses to resign him, to be exact. On his behalf, she denied In the affidavit Attorney D denied that rather than fight a charge that he is a secu- that he had ever belonged to the two front ever belonged to any Communist or rity risk, does he tacitly admit that the accu- he had organizations the charge had named or any organization or favored sation is true? Communist-front others. aims in any respect. He then Many members of the public would answer Communist NO EVIDENCE went on to tell how he had come into the yes. As an anonymous letter writer asked Amerasia case. Two weeks later, Mrs. Q had a hearing the News recently, "Why waste sympathy on The Amerasia defendants, Attorney D before a three-man board of the type pro- someone who does not even appeal?" swore, had hired as their lawyers a New York vided for in the Eisenhower security order- But it isn't that simple. Lawyers and firm in which an influential and well-known its members drawn from other agencies. others familiar with the problems say an Member of Congress was a partner. But the The Government presented no evidence, accused employee who feels the charges trial was to be in district court here, and and at the start the board chairman said against him are entirely untrue might never- rules of the court require that at least one to Mrs. Q's attorney: "Your case, Mr. -. " theless have many reasons to resign quietly defense lawyer be from the District of Co- In effect, Mrs. Q had to prove that Mr. Q instead of fighting the charges on appeal. was innocent. lumbia. A LONG ROAD A member of the New York firm called The Government never would say when or him, Attorney D said, and asked him to be where Mr. Q was supposed to have joined the For one thing the accused employee faces attorney of record from the District in the front outfits. If it had, he could have testi- an appeal procedure that can run into Amerasia case. He agreed, he said, and that fied at the hearing as to what he was doing months and even years of deliberation. was all he did. then, and could have produced witnesses to Department security regulations under the What does the Government think of At- back him up. Eisenhower program generally give the Gov- torney D as a security prospect now? What As it was, Mr. Q brought witnesses who ernment 30 days to tell an accused employee would happen if he should seek a Govern- testified to his general good character in the specific charges against him. And the ment job himself? Did his one appearance business and personal life. They also said Government has 30 days more to amend the as an attorney in a case involving commu- he wasn't interested in politics and was charges. nism forever brand him as having Commu- therefore not likely to have joined the groups The employee himself is allowed 30 days nist tendencies? mentioned in the charge. to prepare a written answer to the specific As of the moment, the questions cannot Ma. Q QUESTIONED charges, and 30 days more to file amended be answered. The security hearing board answers to the amended charges. The hearing board did ask Mr. Q some considered the case of Attorney D's Those are maximum times, of course, but which questions. These indicated that a confi- casual acquaintance, the accused Federal they are not merely theoretical. dential informant had charged that some- made no comment on Attorney D. worker, one once suggested Mr. Q to the front out- In one case described to the News, the He was just an incidental factor. charges on the fits as a possible member. No evidence about Government filed specific Even the conservative American Bar Asso- its first broad any membership card or a signed application 30th day after it had brought has expressed concern over the diffi- ciation by Mr. Q himself was mentioned. accusation against an employe, and then culty a controversial defendant has in ob- special de- A week after the hearing, the board in- sent him amended charges-by counsel these days, because lawyers taining formed Mrs. Q it had decided that the livery letter-on the 30th day after that. the defendant's reputation may rub off feel charges against her and her husband were When the employee's final answers are in, on them. without merit. A few days later her depart- the agency must decide whether to clear the In its convention just this year the ABA ment head ordered her back to duty. She man on the basis of his statements or, as passed a resolution urging lawyers to take on got full back pay for her time suspended, happens in most cases, order a hearing. unpopular cases, as a duty. about a month. The agency can take as long as it wants to What comment would the bar association Mrs. Q's case was similar to that of Milo decide. have on the case of Attorney D? Itadulovich, the Air Force lieutenant who Many hearing boards have a backlog of was accused of being a security risk because cases, because they were set up and cleared [From the Washington Daily News of of his father's and sister's suspected Com- for security themselves only this summer. December 28, 1953] munist affiliations. He was later cleared They have no limit on the time they can on the case. take to hear a case and then hand down AN UNHAPPY CASE WITH A HAPPY ENDING- after nationwide publicity their recommendations. Mas. Q WAS CHARGED WrrH ASSOCIATING Not all the cases of this kind end so happily. One which is still pending-but WITH HUSBAND DELAY AFTER CLEARANCE which can never have a storybook happy (By Anthony Lewis) ending-involves a Miss K. The agency head must make the final de- (This is the fifth of a series of articles She was accused of having a brother whose cision on each accused worker under the based on stories of a few persons charged activities were questionable. Miss K ap- Eisenhower program. In a case described as security risks under the new Eisenhower pealed and got a hearing. The board told earlier in this series, an agency head has security program. President Eisenhower has her, not directly, but quite clearly: had a favorable board opinion before him announced that 1,456 employees have been If you want to continue working for the for 2 months without acting on it. removed for security reasons, but the Gov- Government, you must promise never to see Even with the best intentions on the ernment will not say publicly how many of your brother again unless and until he Government's part, then, an accused em- those cases involved subversion or disloyalty. becomes persona grata to the United States. ployee must realistically count on long pro- The cases as presented here reflect the bias Miss K weighed her brother against her ceedings. And he will be suspended from of the defendants and their lawyers and job and chose the job. She promised not to his job without pay the whole time. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25

The Truman loyalty program gave agencies immoral Government worker is subject to IT IS RELATIVE discretion to let employees in nonsensitive blackmail. To put it crudely, a Russian The security officer's point of view coin- Jobs keep working while cases were argued. agent might approach the employee and say: cided to some extent. The formal Eisenhower order is not clear "Give me some secrets or I'll tell on you." "If all our laws were enforced," he said, on the point, but the Justice Department In the last administration the concept was "everyone would be in jail. We do the same has let agencies know that they must im- applied chiefly to homosexuals in sensitive thing a cop does. We go after only the mediately suspend any employee charged as jobs. Application is now much broader. flagrant, public abuses. a security risk, whether janitor or code clerk. Many more employees and many different "I can't define immorality. It's relative. A Justice spokesman confirmed to the News kinds of immorality are being investigated. But if a person is indiscreet, he's got to go- that this is policy for the whole Government. Enforcement is much more rigorous. and that means if he has done something our One agency, the National Labor Relations Because the subject is so delicate and so investigators discover. If they can find out Board, originally issued security regulations controversial, the relation of sex to security about it, so can a potential blackmailer. In which suspension was not mandatory. has had little public discussion. To explore That's why our investigators have to keep But the regulations were withdrawn and the subject the News sought the views of, looking." revised after consultation with the Justice among others, a psychiatrist and a prominent The security officer said he personally was Department. Republican security officer. Names are with- not taking a strict view of illicit male-female An accused employee can seek a temporary held at their request. relationships in the past unless they had job while suspended, of course-but it must Critics of the morality-security concept in resulted in illegitimate children. be one that allows time for the preparation both past and present administrations say But in the case of homosexuality, he said, and appearances he will have to make in it may lead to a form of blackmail by the one episode in a person's history means auto- his appeal. Government itself. matic dismissal however long ago it hap- HEAVY LEGALFEES "Nearly everyone has done something In pened. The only exception, he said, would If he is eventually cleared, he can expect his life that he wants to keep secret," one be a case in which someone had been taken to get his back pay. But much of that may critic said. "He would probably prefer not advantage of as a child. go for lawyer's fees, which have amounted to argue such private matters before security "By the time you're out of school you to $1,200 in one still active case known to officers or hearing boards. know whether perversion is right or wrong," the News. "If a department head or security officer he said. "And suppose we learn that a boy The legal process itself presents the diffi- wants to get rid of someone he can probably was thrown out of prep school for some culties which always face defendants in cases just keep investigating until he finds some- homosexual act-should we keep him on the involving security-unknown accusers, shad- thing of that kind and then threaten to payroll?" owy charges, surprise elements which the bring formal charges against the employee. YOU DON'T NEED KINSEY prosecution would have to list in advance Chances are he'll just resign quietly." The psychiatrist noted the Kinsey Report in a regular criminal case. TACTICS DENIED statistic that one-third of American males Written charges against 1 man, for exam- The Republican security officer questioned have at least one homosexual experience in ple, accused him of associating with 4 per- their lives. sons. In the hearing, examiners suddenly by the News strongly denied that his own department-or, to his knowledge, any "You don't have to draw on Kinsey," he brought 12 more names-about which the said. "Any psychiatrist will tell you that defendant had not been able to check his other-was using such tactics. "Sure, it's possible," he said. "No security many men-and women have a single homo- records or search his memory. The hearing sexual episode. can guarantee against all abuses. That does not mean the per- board gave no reason why the names should system son is a homosexual. But as far as I know we are bringing morals not have been listed in advance. "Incidentally, watch out for charges only against employees we believe officials who "Inevitably the decent people go through are determined to root out anyone who ever offer a real threat to national security." the real torture," a lawyer said, "the bewil- had a homosexual experience. They are like The psychiatrist argued that methods used derment at having to convince your Govern- searchers for pornography. They show an in some Government morals investigations, ment. * * * How do you prove you are unconscious interest in the subject." virtuous? Honest? Patriotic?" whether intended as a threat or not, might do great psychological damage to innocent OUT, ANYWAY CHANCE OF REPETITION individuals. The security officer maintained that, how- Last of all, an accused employee trying to LIE DETECTOR USED ever normal a person was now, a single decide whether to resign or to fight the homosexual act in the past could lead mentioned the case of one of his pa- to charges may fear that standards will change He blackmail. tients, an unmarried Government girl in her once more in future even if he is cleared this But he agreed with a statement by the was given a lie de- time, that his case will be reviewed again and twenties, who, he said, psychiatrist that some confirmed homosex- these questions: again, that it will never be closed. tector test and asked uals could actually not be blackmailed-be- He knows that if and when he wins his Have you had sexual relations with a man? cause, as the psychiatrist put it, "they have fight and returns to the desk he left so hast- Have you had sexual relations with a no guilt feelings; they think they are right ily months before, some fellow workers will woman? and the rest of the world wrong, and they always-if only unconsciously-regard him When did you last have intercourse? don't care who knows they are homosexual." as a risky sort. "Even we who have been studying human "I had one high official in here," the se- personalities for years do not pry that curity officer said, "who freely admitted he [From the Washington Daily News of bluntly," the psychiatrist said. "Imagine was a homosexual. But he insisted he could January 4, 19541 the effect of such a test on a sensitive not be blackmailed because he had never person." tried to keep the fact a secret and did not A PSYCHIATRIST VERSUS A SECURITY OFFICER- (The security officer confirmed that lie object to anyone knowing. WHEN DOES SEXUAL BEHAVIOR BECOME A detectors are used in morals cases but said "He was probably right, too. We decided BLACKMAIL RISK? he had no knowledge of this particular case to force him out on general grounds of im- (By Anthony Lewis) or one like it.) morality." (This is the seventh in a series of articles The basic criticism voiced by the psychia- FEAR on the new Elsenhower security program. trist was that the security program casts too A criticism often made of the security pro- President Eisenhower has announced that broad a net on moral standards-frowning gram as a whole-that it creates an atmos- 1,458 Government employees have been re- on practices that may be technically illegal phere of fear-was said by the psychiatrist moved under the program, but the Govern- but in fact are done by most of the popula- to apply particularly to sexual charges. ment will not say publicly how many of those tion at one time or another. "Peoples who have been leading happy cases involved disloyalty or subversion. Pre- LACK OF IMPULSE? lives begin to worry," he said. "A man may vious stories in the News have presented case have slipped once years ago, and now for histories of a few persons charged as security "If we carry this to its logical extreme," the first time he starts wondering: 'Am I risks, as related by themselves and their law- he said, "what of the person who has no normal? Will I pass?' " yers and friends. Today's article is a discus- sexual impulse at all? Is he normal? A In this connection some critics hold it is sion of opposing points of view on one con- good security risk? You are in a dangerous the Government's emphasis on morals that troversial aspect of the program.) field as soon as you start saying what is has actually made blackmail possible. What bearing should the sexual behavior 'normal.' In past years, this argument goes, a spy of a Government employee have on his rating "Even in marriage, you know, there are who learned of a morals offense by a Gov- as a security risk? sexual habits today that would shock Vic- ernment worker would not have known Notorious conduct has long been reason for torians. whom he could threaten to tell about it. dismissal from Government service, under "I don't think the fact that a man is a Today anyone who wants to put pressure on regular civil-service rules. But immorality homosexual, or a heterosexual who sleeps such a Government worker need only has only recently come to be regarded as with his secretary, proves in itself that he is threaten to pass the word to a security officer. making an employee a bad security risk. likely to divulge Government secrets. It's "We all want security," the psychiatrist This concept, introduced by the Truman not the sexuality of any person that should said. "We're all against sin, But one administration, is based on the idea that an worry the authorities, but the indiscretion." wonders about the methods." 1954E CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 715 The 1,456 figure has been a subject of con- selves and their lawyers and friends, and [rrom the Washington Post of January 1, Fr 1954] troversy since it was announced by the have discussed specific security regulations. White House on October 23. That announce- Today's article deals with some general ques- THOSE "SECURrIY RISKS"-ANXIETY AND ment said, in part: tions about the program.) EMBABRASSMENT "These (1,456) separations were for security Administration officials who decided to (By Murrey Marder) reasons only; they have nothing to do with scrap the old loyalty program last spring been the criticized its standards as too severe. It was In its zealousness to show it has continuing reductions in force from payroll. difficult to place the terrible label "disloyal" cleaning security risks out of Government. Federal a set of "Of the 1,456 employees. 863 were dismissed on a Government worker, they said-and un- the administration has produced into a service by their various agen- fair to do so except in the case of a proved statistics which has been transformed from Federal and 593 resigned. In spy or traitor. seriously distorted political issue. cies and departments The statistics, the administration has said. all of the resignation cases, the agencies and They argued that under the broader standards of the new security program an up to 1,456 "security risks" removed departments had unfavorable reports on em- add ployee would be removed simply as "unsuit- from Government jobs in the first 4 months' these employees." out in its able for Government service." As Attorney operation of President Eisenhower's Federal The Washington Post pointed that they gave a General Herbert Brownell put it, "Many em- Employees Security Program, May 27 to Sep- first report on these figures ployees could be a security risk and still not tember 30. "one-sided" view of the program's opera- This 1,456 figure is causing anxiety, and tion. be disloyal." not "The new policy," columnist Walter Lipp- embarrassment, to some conscientious Fed- The 1,456 employees, in the main, were mann wrote, "means the penalty on the eral officials. They have been forced to sit workers who had been cleared after hear- individual is much reduced. * * * It should by, silently, while this figure-which they ings under the Truman loyalty program. be possible to fire a man without destroying privately admit is open to question-is con- Many of them were probationary employees him-without in fact branding him at all." verted into a major political scare issue on whom investigations had not been com- How has it worked out in practice? Spe- which implies that it represents that many pleted by the previous administration. cifically, how has it worked for the 1,456 spies, espionage agents and saboteurs, or It is apparent that while there may have employees the administration has so far listed potential traitors. been unfavorable reports about the 593 who as A survey of all available information in- resigned, they cannot possibly all be tabu- removed on security grounds? President Eisenhower has cited the 1,456 dicates that many of these cases would have lated as security risks unless the unfavor- four times as evidence his administration is been terminated in a very similar way before able reports were found, upon investigation, cleaning out "Communists in Government." the employees security program came into to be accurate. The fact is that a resigna- Attorney General Brownell and GOP Na- existence last May, but with no such impli- tion generally brings an end to such investi- tional Chairman cations. gations-and it is possible for a person to Leonard Hall have used the The difference is that many of the cases resign in many instances without ever know- figure the same way. Postmaster General would not have been called security risks ing he was under investigation. Arthur Summerfield under previous administrations. They In addition, one official report now directly referred to the 1,456 as "muddleheads and pinks and fellow would have been called dismissals "to pro- contradicts the White House statement that travelers." Senator JOSEPH MCCARTHY flatly said 90 percent mote the efficiency of the Federal service," the separations counted in the 1,456 figure were Com- munists or perverts. or some related term. "have nothing to do with continuing reduc- Gov. Thomas E. These dismissals would have been effected tions in force from the Federal payroll." Dewey put it more color- fully: In exactly the same manner as many of the The Navy Department, in announcing on "Democrats are afraid the American people dismissals now carried out in the name of December 7 that it had separated 192 civil- security; that, through normal civil-serv- ians workers out of the 1,456 total, stated: will discover what a nice feeling it is to have a Government which is not infested with ice procedures. "Separations in some instances were ef- Part of the distinction is in semantics. fected after preferment of charges and hear- spies and traitors. In less than 11 months the Justice Department has When the present security program was ings. Others were separated through resig- discovered and dismissed 1,456 created, it abolished the loyalty program nation or reduction in force prior to the final security risks planted in the Government." and bracketed into the term "security" processing of derogatory information, or by Whether most everything ranging from a spy to someone other administrative action during the em- of the 1,456 were planted habits. ployee's trial period." Communists or perverts or spies or muddle- of questionable heads It overlapped broadly into many grounds There is official documentation that at is impossible to find out officially. The for routine civil service removal. It could least some of the 863 persons included in the administration has refused to give a breakdown of reasons for their dismissal. be used to trip up the employee who mis- figures on dismissals for security reasons But a few cases reported represented facts in applying for Govern- were actually dismissed under normal civil- to the News seemed to indicate that at least some of the ment work, or the employee who engaged in service provisions rather than as security "notoriously disgraceful conduct," as well as risks. Government workers brought up on security the employee in a security-sensitive job who The Post Office Department, on October 28, charges do not fit such a villainous description. gossiped about the work. reported that 145 of its employees were ter- The lumping-together of all such per- minated and 21 resigned of those processed One man was fired because he had not sons in the wide category of "security risk," under the new security program. That noted on his job application that he was in and publication of the total figure without statement then added: an Army psychiatric ward during the war. any breakdown of the degrees of security "It was pointed out that while the 145 were Others were charged for having sex rela- risk involved, however, has led to sweeping investigated under the Executive order, the tions before they were married. political allegations. Senator JOSEPH R. administrative actions taken to effect the Several, in various departments, were McCARTHY, Republican of Wisconsin, for ex- terminations were in accordance with regu- charged and suspended for having belonged ample, recently made this statement which lar established civil-service procedure. This to the admittedly leftist National Lawyers cannot be substantiated by any available in- latter action is in keeping with the intent Guild, but for having belonged to it at a formation: "Over 90 percent of the 1,456 of the Department's security regulations time when some of the country's most dis- security risks were gotten rid of because of which specifically provide that separations tinguished attorneys were members. Communist connections and activities or under the authority of Executive Order 10450 One was accused of associating with a perversion." will supplement and not take the place of lawyer who once represented a suspected The only official clarification obtained to normal civil-service procedures where such Communist. date is President Eisenhower's comment last are adequate and appropriate." Others were charged because of suspicious month'that not all of the 1,456 could be de- Similar language appeared in the Veterans' relatives. scribed as "subversive" or "disloyal." The Administration's announcement, on Decem- An even more significant fact about the question of how many could be put in those ber 2, that it had terminated the services of figure 1,456 is that the Civil Service Com- categories is still unanswered, officially. 108 employees under the security program, mission, in reaching that total, included per- The Washington Post has now learned and that "26 resigned while under investi- sons who resigned, died, or were ousted by that when called upon to furnish their sets gation." reduction-in-force without ever being told of figures for this total, at least several agen- there were security charges against them. of its for- cies had no such compilations, and called on [From the Washington Daily News of The Navy confirmed that many the Civil Service Commission to supply fig- January 6, 1954] mer employees listed as security removals ures out of the agencies' recently submitted had security charges placed on their records- dismissal statistics. THE NEW POLICY IN PRAC'TCE-WHAT DOES IT charges they might have beaten had they MEAN To BE A SECURITY RISK? Thereupon, what was done in some in- been informed-only after they had left their stances, it is reported, was to seek out dis- (By Anthony Lewis) jobs for nonsecurity reasons. missal cases which would fit the very broad (This is the last in a series of eight ar- A Democrat who was a security officer in criteria set forth in the security order-with- ticles on the new Eisenhower security pro- the last administration argued that the new out regard to whether the dismissals were gram. Previous stories in The News have program has excesses and political distortions made through the security program ma- presented case histories of some persons brought on by what he called the quota chinery or by normal Civil Service methods. charged as "security risks," as told by them- psychology. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25

"The Republicans campaigned for years on The effect of the security hunt on pos- nation of derogatory information respecting the charge that the Government was full of sible future Government employees was dis- present employees be expedited and con- Communists," this Democrat said. "So once cussed recently by a Wellesley College senior cluded at the earliest possible date. I shall they got into office they more or less had to who wants a Government job after gradua- recommend that the Congress provide addi- find some security risks and imply they were tion-but whose father has been attorney in tional funds where necessary to speed these Communists. some controversial security cases. She said: important procedures. "Every security officer now knows that he's "I'm a conservative. I don't agree with expected to produce at least some risks, his my father most of the time. I voted for Mr. President, the removal of such quota. It's hard enough to keep national Eisenhower, and I like what he is doing. But persons has occurred under what I be- security foremost in your mind on these cases I'm afraid when I ask for a job they'll never lieve is Public Law 733. That measure anyway, without political pressures." even get around to my views. They'll find was passed, as I recall, during either the As examples of what he called political out who my father is and turn me down." 81st or the 82d Congress; and it was pressures on the security system, this Demo- Her fears are at least partly corroborated signed by President Truman. crat cited: of the security program Those per- in the philosophy sons Civil Service Commission's listing as secu- regarding new applicants. A Republican se- are the security risks, and that is rity cases many which the departments them- curity officer once explained it this way: the test of those who have been removed selves had not so labeled. "When we investigate someone who's been from the Federal Government service. Insistence by the administration that one in the Government for years, we consider his I wish to say very definitely that I have agency-the Democrat did not name it- whole record and weigh his good service no objection to finding out the number classify at least a few of its positions as against any minor slips." of those who have been removed from "sensitive," after the agency first said it "But if a new applicant has anything at all the service, or to ascertaining the de- had no sensitive jobs. against him, we don't bother weighing his Threats by Senator MCCARTHY to call be- whole history. We just say 'No.' There are partments of the Government in which fore his committee security officers who plenty more applicants." they served. cleared an employee of whom the Senator As the definition of security risk broadens On the other hand, I am absolutely disapproves. (The threat has not material- to take in more and more pople, and security opposed to disclosing their names. I be- ized so far.) mixes with politics, the question arises lieve it would be most unfair and unfor- "It is always easier to bring charges," the whether there will be plenty more appli- tunate to those who have been removed Democratic former security officer said, cants-intelligent or sensitive or imaginative from office, several hundred of whom, so "than to worry about what some official or one, at least-for jobs In the United States Senator will say later." Government. I am told, voluntarily resigned. I believe Supporters of the administration program that for them and their families and argue that Government employment is a Mr. CARLSON. Mr. President, I do their future it would be a mistake, and privilege, not a right; that a private business not wish to enter into controversy with I am violently opposed to it. But I am has the right to fire any employee it chooses the distinguished junior Senator from not opposed to getting a list of the par- and the Government certainly has many un- South Carolina, who has just addressed ticular branches of the service in which satisfactory workers it should be equally free the Senate. I know of no better friend they worked. to dismiss. of the civil-service worker than the Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. Critics give three specific answers: distinguished Senator from South Caro- While Mr. President, the only reason for this some Government workers are lina, who has served so many years on doubtless incompetent and should be fired, inquiry is this: If there were 2,200, it that is a matter of personnel policy, not the Committee on Post Office and Civil ought to be shown who are the real security; it is manifestly unfair to brand Service, formerly as its chairman, and security risks. The President used the them "security risks." now as its ranking minority member. It term "security risk." I think probably For whatever reason, democratic govern- has been my privilege to work closely he used it in a broader sense-I hope he ments around the world have found they at- with him, both at this session and in did-but he certainly lcd the people of tract better workers if they offer more as- previous sessions. to believe that 2,200 people surance of continued employment-civil the Nation I am in accord with the resolution were let out because they were subver- service-than private business. he has submitted, and I hope that much A Government worker fired as a "security sives. I think the Senator will agree that risk" these days suffers far more disability of the legislative proposal he has made the public has jumped to the conclusion than a dismissed private employee. He may will be adopted. I think his proposal is that they were subversives. That being have had his Government job for years and in the interest of the civil-service work- so, the situation should be cleared up. know only that work. If he is a profes- ers. Mr. CARLSON. I certainly agree sional-a scientist, for example-he may find I believe it might be well to discuss with the Senator in that respect. I do it impossible to find private employment in for a moment the 2,200 positions which his field. not think anyone ever said that, or in- seem to have received so much publicity tended that it should be said. I have The critics also make this general argu- in recent weeks. ment: been very careful with my words, and I Personally, I do not know of anyone An ever-broadening search for security, know that everyone with whom I have with heavy political overtones, may in the who said that all the 2,200 are subver- discussed this question has used the term long run work against the interest of the sives. As a matter of fact, I know of "security risk" and not the term "sub- Government. no one who has used the term "subver- versive." So I am in accord with the For one thing, they say, continued polit- sive" in connection with them. It has Senator on that point. I think the situa- ical emphasis on "Communists in Govern- been said that they are security risks; tion needs clearing up. ment" will keep the public wrought up about I myself have made that statement. Mr. President, this administration is the issue. President Eisenhower himself has So I thought it might be well to place several times expressed the wish that the determined to remove Communists, sub- subject would die down and bitter political in the RECORD the President's statement versives, and security risks from the Fed- feelings over it abate. on that point, as contained in his mes- eral Government, and I think we are There is no question either that excite- sage on the state of the Union, deliv- making some progress. It has been said ment over the Communists-in-Government ered before the joint session of the two that we have done nothing when ittomes issue hurts our standing abroad. Houses of Congress on January 7. I to removing Communists. I refer to the And what effect will an endless hunt for now quote from his message on that statement of the Attorney General. He more security have on the kind of employees occasion, as it appears on page 80 of stated that this administration has in- the Government ends up with? the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD; and the part dicted or convicted 54 Communist lead- In some cases reported to the News, hear- to which I refer appears under the head- ers. We have acted against 12 Com- ing boards curtly dismissed charges brought ing "Internal Security": by security officers. These employees went munist-front groups, and we have de- back to work-but only after long periods Under the standards established for the ported more than 200 subversive aliens. under suspension, and with th- psychological new employee-security program more than I think that is a good record. It shows a burden of having fellow workers know they 2,200 employees have been separated from determination on the part of the ad- the Federal Government. were considered risky. ministration to rid the Government of Employees without civil service standing Mr. President, let it be noted that the these undesirable persons, and I know do not even rate appeals to a board. Pre- President used the words "employee- that the effort will continue, because the sumably charges which a board might dismiss would force these employees out auto- security program." President is insisting that we have peo- matically. And some workers who rate an Then the President said: ple in the Federal service who are not appeal resign quietly rather than face the Our national security demands that the security risks, no matter what classifica- long and uncertain process. investigation of new employees and the eval- tion they come under. 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE 717 of South Carolina. Mr. CARLSON. That is correct. TABLE I.-Trend of Federal civilian employ- Mr. JOHNSTON ment, 1932-53--Continued Does the Senator know of any employee That is exactly what happened. That is one of the situations which has been con- who has been dismissed by the Govern- Competitive civil be- fronting this administration. At that ment because he was a subversive, Total, all service or belonged time agencies were filled with persons Dste cause he was a Communist, areas4 to a Communist organization or a front who were not under the competitive Number Percent organization? Does the Senator know of 'ivil service, but who were blanketed in anyone who has been prosecuted? either by Executive order or by legisla- June 30, 196:...... 824,259 498, 725 (0.5 tive action. June 30, 1937...... 841,1664 5312073 63.2 Mr. CARLSON. No; I do not. I have June 30,1938:...... 851,026 5,2, 9009 Mr. President, I should like to place in made no inquiry. I have simply referred June 30, 1910...... 020,310 622, 832 67.7 the RECORD 3 tables. First, I ask unani- 1,002,OO20 72i, 827 72.5 to the statement of the Attorney Gen- June 30, 19.41.... 1,358,1.50 090,218 72.9 I have every reason to believe that mous consent to have printed in the June 30, 1942...... 2,200, 970 eral. June 30, 1I43...... 3,157,113 (') (') the Attorney General was making a cor- RECORD at this point as a part of my 0) (l remarks a table designated "Table I," June 30,30,1944 1946...... 3,312, 256 rect factual statement. Jmue 30, 1947...... 3, 769,646 of Federal civilian (I) from South showing the trend 2,722,031 The distinguished Senator employment from 1932 to 1953. It shows Jmne 30, 1048...... 2,128, 648 1 733,019 2,090, 732 1, 750,823 83.7 Carolina mentioned the point that this civil the civil the number in the competitive June 30, 1949..-..-.. 2,109, 642 1,8 02,708 8.5.4 administration was destroying service and the percentage, from 1932, June 30, 19150...... 1,161,448 1,67,15104 8.5. 4 service and getting back to the old spoils June 30, 1951...... 2, 486,491 2, 175,6(8 87.5 by years, until the end of 1953. 2.,IX), 267 For the RECORD, I think it June 30, 12...... 2,241, 446 581).41 system. There being no objection, the table was Jan. 31, 1153...... 2, 556, 482 12,213,658 should be stated that on June 30, 1932, June 30, 1053...... 2,470,063 2,137,705 80.5 were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as Nov. 30,1953...... 2,365,629 ' 2,040,828 '86.3 80 percent of the Federal positions follows: Estimated. __ in the competitive civil service. By 3 Estimated. June 30, 1936, 4 years later, the number TABLE I.-Trend of Federal civilian employ- 3Data not collected during war years. under civil service had dropped to 60 ment, 1932-53 Mr. CARLSON. I now ask unanimous percent. As of November 30, 1953, the consent to have printed in the RECORD number of Federal jobs under civil serv- Competitive civi: service at this point as a part of my remarks a ice stood at 86 percent, and that is where Date Total, all list of laws enacted by the Congress of it stands today. So I do not believe the areas I Number Percent the United States during the period from statement of the Senator from South March 9, 1933, the beginning of the 73d Carolina was absolutely correct. June 30, 1932...... 583,196 467, 161 O. 1 Congress, through July 7, 1952, the ad- Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. Feb. 28, 1933...... 567,697 '453,50 '79. 9 journment of the 82d Congress, carrying Mr. President, I should like to clear up June 30, 1933...... 572,091 45, 0906 79.9 provisions authorizing employment of point. It will be recalled that in Juno 30,1934....._ 673,095 450, 592 66. 9 one June 30, 1935-...... 719.440 455,229 63.3 personnel without regard to civil service 1933, 1934, and 1935, we were employing I Totals through 1041 are taken from annual reports of and classification laws. a great many persons in the WPA and the Civil Service Commission. After that date the There being no objection, the table other organizations. Naturally they source is the monthly report of Federal Civilian Em- was ordered to ployment. be printed in the RECORD, were not civil-service employees. SEstimated. as follows:

TABLE II.-A list of laws enacted by the Congress of the United States during the periodfrom Mar. 9, 1933, the beginning of the 73d Cong., through July 7, 1952, the adjournment of the 82d Cong., carrying provisions authorizing employment of personnel without regard to civil- service and classification laws COVERAGE OF THE LIST The list is not exhaustive, although it purports to be comprehensive within certain boundaries. These boundaries are drawn to eliminate references that would not only add to the bulkiness of the list, but would so becloud its purpose that its usefulness and accuracy could well be questioned. Therefore, to keep the list within a proper perspective the following kinds of references have been omitted. 1. Laws creating small commissions or committees to exist for a short period of time to perform some specific duty such as "An act to provide for the appointment of a commission to establish a boundary line between the District of Columbia and the Commonwealth of Virginia." 2. Laws authorizing participation by the Federal Government in celebrations, expositions, and fairs such as the California Exposition Commission, the Texas Centennial Commission, operation of the Freedom Train, and the Paris Exposition. 3. Provisions appearing in the annual appropriation acts appropriatingsums to various agencies for the employment of experts, consultants, or other personnel usually on a temporary basis. The amounts of money are usually not very large and the provisions seem to have no degree of uniformity. Sometimes they appear only once; sometimes they appear 2 or 3 times and then are dropped. 4. Laws pertaining to participation in international organizations such as a law providing for membership and participation by the United States in the International Ref- ugee Organization. 5. Laws pertaining to the District of Columbia government such as those dealing with policemen and firemen. 6. Laws pertaining to employees outside continental United States. USE OF THE LIST The short titles of the laws are used if available; otherwise the long titles are shortened. The date approved means the date the President signed the law. The page reference in the citations to the Statutes at Large is to the page on which the provision appears rather than to the page on which the law begins. The section of the law is listed to make it easier to find. Some of the provisions examined authorized employment without regard to civil-service laws: some authorize the fixing of compensation without regard to the Classification Act; some authorize both. Therefore, the last column is divided into two parts to Indicate from which law the employees are exempt. The symbol X Is used to show an exception. Often the provisions exempting personnel from the civil-service laws and/or Classification Act are limited to certain officers and employees. Where such is the case, the lirm itation is set out in a footnote. The footnotes appear at the end of the list.

Exempt from-

TitleTitle o ofact act DateapprovedDate approved Citationat Largeto Statutes Section No. Civil-l Classifl- service cntion law Act

Agricultural Adjustment Act ...... - .....-...... -- ...... --- May 12,1933 48 Sltat. 37..---... 10------... Emergency Farm Mortgage Act, 1933 ...... do--- 48 Stat. 49...-...- 33.------X Federal Emergency Relief Act of 1933 ------...... do. 48 Stat. 56-_.....- 3 (b).----.. Tennessee Valley Act of 1933 ...... -.--- May 18,133 48 Stat. 59_..-..___-. 3------x Corporation of Foreign Bondholders, 1933--...... ____ May 27,1933 48 Stat. 93_..--.... 203.------..3 ...... For the establishment of a national employment system and for cooperation with the States in the June 6,1933 48 Stat. 114...... 2 ...... X promotion of such system. Domo Owners' Loan Act of 1933...... June 13,1033 48 Stat. 131_.--.-. 4 (1)------.- xx National Industrial Recovery Act.... - -..... ----..- ...... -- ... -..--.. June 16,1933 48 Stat. 1095...... -. 2 (a)------X Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works ...... do. 48 Stat. 200_...... - 201 (a) (b)..... Emergency 2 ...... x Railroad Transportation Act, 1933 ...... -- do--- 48 Stat. 211...... - 2------X Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation Act...--...... -- ...... Jan. 31,1934 48 Stat. 345 ...... 1------xX For loans to farmers for crop production and harvesting during the year 1934...... Feb. 23,1934 48 Stlt. 355--..------718 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE January 25

'I'ABLE II.-A list of laws enacted by the Congress of the United States during the periodfrom Mar. 9, 1933, the beginning of the 78d Cong., through July 7, 1962, the adjournment of the 82d Cong., carrying provisions authorizing employment of personnel without regard to civil- service and classificationlaws-Continued

Exempt from-

Title of act Date approved Citation o Statutes SectionSection No. at Large Civil- Classin. service cation law Act

fRegulaitionnRegulation ofxcttngof cotton Industry...... Acdutro(lt)3'l.------.------.----.----- Apr. 21, 1034 48 Stat. 605 ...... _ 17.----...... x X Securities and Exchange Act of 1341 ...... Juno 6,1934 48 Stat. 885...... IX ax Conalrsunications Act of 1934. o...... ---..-.-..-..-.-..-....-...... -...-. June 19,1934 48 Stat. 1067-...... 4 (f) ...... To establisha National Archives oftile U. S. Government...... ___...... ---do--..... 48 Stat. 1122-...... 2(b--...----- X 2 National Hlousing Act...... ------June 27,1934 48 Stat. 1246__...-.. I------Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation ...... _._..._...... --do...... --48 Stat. 1256...... 402 (c) (5).... x x Tobacco Control Act------June 28,1034 48 Stat. 1279-.______10 (e)...... X x For loans to farmers for crop production and harvesting during the year 1935...... Feb. 20,1935 49 Stat. 29---..... 4------x x ''o regulate interstate and foreign commerce in petroleum and its products-.....--...-...... Feb. 22,1935 40 Stat. 33....._ .. 9 (b)...... x x Emergency Relief Appropriation Act, 1935-- .....--.-----.- Apr. 49 Stat. ___ ------.-..----- 8, 1935 117--. 43...... x x Protection of land resources against soil erosion...... Apr. 27, 1935 49 Stat. 164.....__.. 3X 3X -4..------National Labor Relations Act.....- --...... --...... -...... July 5,1935 49 Stat. 451...... 4------4 (2)--- - - Central Statistical Board----.--.-----.------July 25,1935 49 Stat. 499__.___. 4------6X ex Social Security Act...... Aug. 14, 1935 49 Stat. 636...... 703------1'otato Control Act of 1935...... -...... _ ..____... _..__ _ _-___. - . _._..._ ...... _ Aug. 24,1935 49 Stat. 790...... 218.------X X Public Utility Act, 1935...... -...... -...... Aug. 26,1935 49 Stat. 837.-____ 31------Ixx 'Xx Federal l'ower Act, 1935...... --...do----...... 49 Stat. 859...... 310...... Railroad Retirement Act, 19:35....___.______..______...... Aug. 29,1935 40 Stat. 972..--...... 8 (c)--...... x axX Federal Alcohol Administration Act.....-...... -...... ---.....do...... 49 Stat. 977...... 2(c)...... Rural Electriilcation Act, 1936...... May 20,1936 49 Stat. 1366...... 11 ...... laureau of Navigation and Steamboat Inspection...... i...... May 27,1036 40 Stat. 1381t...... _ 5 (a)....-.....oXX X Thomas Jefferson Memorial Commission...__...... June 3,1936 49 Stat. 1399...... 2 (c)...... For loans to farmers for crop production and harvesting during 1937...... Jan. 29,1937 50 Stat. 6.------.- 5 (a).--- x X Providing for theconstruction and maintenance of a national art gallery.....__...... Mar. 24,1037 50 Stat. 52-53...... 4 (c)..---.....1ltX X 1nI1XX Bituminous Coal Act of 1937...... ----...... - . Apr. 26,1937 50 Stat. 73...... 2 (a)-...... Oflice of Consumers Counsel...-...... 50 Stat. 74...... 2 (b) (3).....- 13X 13X To establish a civilian conservation corps...... June 28,1937 50 Stat. 320...... __ 5-...... -----.. X Bankhcad-Joncs Farm Tenant Act...---.... -_...... July 22,1937 50 Stat. 528_.______41 (a)...... To autlorlze completion, maintenance, and operation of Bonneville project...... 50 Stat. 736-_..-._ 10------Aug. 20,1937 2...... x x To create a commission and extend further relief to water uses on reclamation and Indian irrigation Aug. 21, 1937 50 Stat. 738...--__ 2------projects. To provide for taking census of partial employment, etc -...... Aug. 30,1037 50 Stat. 883....._ _ 2...---...... Federal Crop Insurance Act-...... - ...... --...... Feb. 16,1938 52 Stat. 73.....-___507(a)..-- x x To authorize completion, maintenance and operation of Fort Peck project for navigation ------May 18,1038 52 Stat. 406--...... 9-...... X «X Emergency Relief Appropriation Act, 1941..!...... ----.... _.._...... ------June 20,1940 54 Stat. 622_----.- 21 (b)...... Selective Training and Service Act, 1940...---.... ------..--...- -...... Sept. 16,1940 54 Stat. 894...... 10 (a) (3)-...... lax 1 X Making an appropriation to the United States Maritime Commission for emergency cargo ship Feb. 6,1941 55 Stat. 6._--_--- - 1------X X construction. 16X 1 X Emergency Relief Appropriation Act, 1942...... July 1,1941 55 Stat. 404..__...... 16 (b)...... X X National Youth Administration Appropriation Act, 1942...... _ ...... - do...... 55 Stat. 400...... Par. 16...... X X National Archives Trust Fund Board Act...... July 9,1941 55 Stat. 582-...... 8 (b)...... X X... To provide for theplanting of guayule and other rubber bearing plants and to make available a Mar. 5,1942 56 Stat. 127...... 2 (a)..-_...... x x source of crude rubber for emergency and defense uses. To authorize the Secretary of Agriculture to provide Federal meat inspection during the present June 10, 1942 56 Stat. 351---...... 2 (c)...... --. x x war emergency in respect of meat packing establishments engaged in intra-state commerce only in order to facilitate the purchase of meat and meat food products by Federal agencies. National Youth Administration Appropriation Act, 1043_...... __...... July 2,1942 56 Stat. 573-...-....Par. 15...... x x Emergency Relief Appropriation Act, 1913. __.______.. .-..__--.....- ..- __ -- do...... 56 Stat. 642....._...15 (b)...... Settlement of Mexican Claims Act of 1942...... Dec. 18,1942 56Stat. 1058...... 2 (b)., X X Surplus Property Act of 144...... Oct. 3,1944 58 Stat. 768...... 5 (a)-...... 1X 17X To amend Bonneville Project Act...... Oct. 23,1945 69 Stat.546_-...... 5------To establish Department of Medicine and Surgery in the Veterans' Administration_...... Jan. 3,1946 59 Stat. 679...... 14 (a), 14 (b).. "X 0Xi Atomic Energy Act, 1946--...------...... ------... Aug. 1,1946 60 Stat. 771...... 12(4).....- Veterans Canteen Service --...... Aug. 7,1946 60 Stat. 888...... ----2 (e)...... unX X 23MXX To establish an Office of Selective Service Records to liquidate the Selective Service System, etc..Mar. 31,1947 61 Stat. 32...... 6 (a) (4)...... To exclude interns, student nurses, and other student employees of hospitals of the Federal Gov- Aug. 4,1947 61 Stat. 727-...... 1,2...... ernment from the Classification Act and other laws relating to compensation of benefits of Federal employees. Economic Cooperation Act of 1948...... _...._...... _...... Apr. 3,1948 62 Stat. 139...... 104 (e)...... To provide basic authority for certain functions and activities of the Weather Bureau__ ...... June 2,1918 62 Stat. 2S6-.. 3------X 4X To authorize establishment of internships in the Department of Medicine and Surgery of the June 19,1948 62 Stat. 536...... x Veterans Administration. To provide for Commission on Renovation of the Executive Mansion..._...... Apr. 14,1949 63 Stat. 46...... 2(ft).0---- -.------x x Classification Act of 1949--...... - --...... 63 Stat. 954, ...... x ...... Oct. 28,1949 957-... 202, 204,205... X 7 X IRural Rehabilitation Corporation Trust Liquidation Act...... May 3,1950 64 Stat. 100.--...... 4 (a)...... Federal ecords Act of 1950...... Sept. 5,1950 64 Stat. 684...... 503 (o)...... Reneigotlation Act, 1951- Mar. 20-.__ ....------. ------.....-...... 23,1951 65 Stat. -__107 (o)-...... X X To confirm the status of certain civilian employees of nonappropriated fund instrumentalities Jmue 19,1952 66 Stat. 139_...... 1...... X X under the Armed Forces with respect to laws administered by the Civil Service Commission. 1--3(2)...... Communications Act Amendments, 1052 .... _... July 16,1952 66 Stat. 711-...... 3 (2)------

1 Exemption applies to certain officers, attorneys, and other experts. IsExemption applies to clerical and stenographic employees for local boards. 2Exemption applies to a secretary, a director for each division, a chief engineer, iSExemption applies to personnel engaged in the maintenance, repair, operation, and not moro than 3 assistants, a general counsl l and not more than 3 assistants, or management of plants or facilities. and temporary counsel for performances of special services. n Exemption applies to special assistants, certified public accountants, qualified a Exemption applies for not more than 8 months after passage of act; thereafter cost accountants, industrial engineers, appraisers, and other experts. employees are to be appointed in accordance with civil-service and classification I2 Exemption applies to Assistant Administrator, Chief Engineer, and General laws. Counsel. 4 Exemption applies to an executive secretary, attorneys, examiners, and regional ItExemption applies to laborers, mechanics, and workmen on construction work. directors. 2oExemption applies to physicians to examine the laborers, mechanics, and work- SExemption applies to persons appointed for temporary periods, not exceeding 12 men.2 months. 1 Exemption applies to experts. * Exemption applies to attorneys and experts. 2Exemption applies generally to medical specialists; however, some of the per- 7Exemption applies to attorneys, examiners, and other experts. sonnel are subject to the civil-service and classification laws. SExemption applies to certain officers, attorneys, examiners, and experts. 2 The law provides that officers and employees shall be appointed in accordance * Exemption applies to attorneys, engineers, and experts. with civil-service and classification laws "except to the extent the Commission i0 Exemption applies to technical staff. deems such action necessary to the discharge of its responsibilities, personnel may 1 Exemption applies to Director, Assistant Director, Secretary, and Chief be employed and their compensation fixed without regard to such laws." Curator. SExemption applies to personnel necessary for the transaction of business at n Exemption applies to the secretary, a clerk to each Commissioner, the attorneys, canteens, warehouses, and storage depots. the managers and employees of the statistical bureaus, end such special agents, tech- " Exemption applies to not more than 100 employees. nical experts and examiners as the Commission may require. nM Exemption applies to employees for meteorological investigations in the Arctic. '3 Exemption applies to clerk to the Counsel, the attorneys and such special agents Exemption applies to National Historical publications Commission. and experts as the Council requires. SExemption applies to a legal assistant, and engineering assistant and a secre- 1 Exemption applies to temporary personnel. tary for each Commissioner and an administrative assistant for the chairman. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 719

Mr. CARLSON. Mr. President, I ask BY OPERATION OF CIVIL-SERVICE RULES U. S. Army), for appointment as the Quarter- consent to have printed in AND REGULATIONS (CIVIL SERVICE master General, United States Army, and as unanimous ARE PROMULGATED BY EXECU- major general In the Regular Army of the the RECORD a table designsated "Table RULES anted civil- TVE ORDER) United States, under the provisions of sec- III," showing incumbents gr tion 206 of the Army Organization Act of ively under Rule II, sec. 9 (formerly rule X, sees. service status noncompetiti SExecutive 11 and 13):... . 87 1950 and section 513 of the Officer Personnel various pieces of legislation , xecuutve Classified status given to citl- Act of 1947. orders, and civil service rules and regula- zens of the United States who had The following-named person for reap- tions. rendered faithful service over- pointment to the active list of the Regular There being no objection 1, the table seas for not less than 7 years in Army of the United States, In the grade ordered to be printed in the RECORD, a civil capacity. This regulation specified, from the temporary disability re- was was revoked effective May 1, follows: tired list, under the provisions of title IV. as 1947. Career Compensation Act of 1949 (Public Law ed civil-serv- TABLE III.-Incumbents grant Rule III, sec. 3.101 of the regulations 351, 81st Cong.): ice status noncompetitively uunder various (formerly rule II,sec. 6)---.....35.324 pieces of legislation, Executive orders, and Incumbents of positions TO BE MAJOR the civil-service rules and retgulations be- brought into the competitive John H. Swenson, 021143. tween Mar. 4, 1933, and JuneS30, 1952, by service. The following-named persons for appoint- authority and agency The largest groups included in ment in the Regular Army of the United BY LEGISLATION this total are: 7,286 clerks in States in the grades and corps specified, Number third-class post offices and special under the provisions of section 506 of the first-class Act of Congress, Apr. 27, 1935 (JPub- delivery messengers in Officer Personnel Act of 1947 (Public Law lic 46): Soil Conservation Ser vice_ 10,328 post offices; and 7,191 employees 381, 80th Cong.), title II of the act of August Administration Act of Congress, June 29, 1936 (JPub- of Farmers Home 5, 1947 (Public Law 365, 80th Cong.). Public lic Law 835) : U. S. Maritime C oom- processed under this regulation as Law 759, 80th Congress, Public Law 36, 80th mission------894 a result of the act of Congress, Congress, as amended by Public Law 37, 83d Act of Congress, May 23, 1938 (52 Aug. 14, 1946 (Public Law 731, Congress, and Public Law 625, 80th Congress, Stat. 421): The National Arch;ives- 293 79th Cong.). subject to physical qualification: 1938 (52 Rule III, sec. 3.101 (a) (2) of the Act of Congress, June 25, TO BE MAJOR Stat. 1076): Post Office Del art- regulations (formerly rule II, sec. Roy A. Highsmith, MC, 0527826. ment (postmasters at first-, sec- 7) ------6,183 Clement T. Ziegler, MC, 0471920. ond-, and third-class offices) 10,271 Post Office Service: Employees Act of Congress, July 2, 1940 ( Pub- in offices advanced from the fourth TO BE CAPTAIN strict class to a higher class, or in a lic Law 719, 76th Cong.): Dis Elbert B. Fountain, MC, 01918682. Com- post office consolidated with one of Columbia Unemployment C Donald W. Hawe, MC, 0469066. . 118 in which the employees are classi- pensation Board ------Richard B. Krakaur, MC, 0991374. 1940 fled as competitive. Act of Congress, Nov. 26, John G. Lovrien, JAGC, 01055655. ng.) : This regulation has been sus- (Public Law 880, 76th CoI Major W. Rhodes, Jr., MC, 01920035. Ramspeck Act ------. 81, 618 pended effective Dec. 1, 1950. Rule III, sec. 3.104 of the regula- Philip H. Welch, MC, 0964352. Act of Congress, Dec. 20, 1941 Charles H. Wells, MC, 0977050. strict tlons (formerly rule X, sec. 4)___ (Public 363, 77th Cong.): Dis John W. Whitten, MC, 01775768. of Columbia Board of Public Wel- Employees who have served at fare------. 966 least 2 years in the immediate TO BE FIRST LIEUTENANT office of the President or on the Dale R. Booth, JAGC, 0949876. Total, by legislation...... 104,488 White House staff and whose transfer to a competitive Leland R. Branting, JAGC, 0957562. 'position Claude M. Cupp, MC, 0971542. is requested by any agency. Mary L. Donovan, ANC, N761997. BY EXECUTIVE ORDERS Rule III, sec. 3.2 (formerly rule I, William S. Fulton, Jr., JAGC, 02263344. Executive Order 5817, Mar. 10, 1932: sec. 8)-----...... - .. Jack W. Halstead, DC, 01746761. Bureau of Foreign and Dom estic Appointments in the competi- William J. Jaffurs, MC, 01928298. Commerce-...------.. ---- - 192 tive service without competitive Louise A. Lindegger, ANC, N792201. Executive Order 5859, June 21, 11932: examinations whenever the Com- Treasury ------.. S 191 mission finds that the duties Robert J. Millard, DC, 0992635. or Dorothy J. Rocovich, ANC, N792865. Order 6134, May 18, 1933: compensation of the Executive position are John F. Schmitz, DC, 01921371. Farm Credit Administration. . 965 such, or that qualified persons are Donald E. Schwartz, DC, 0959927. Executive Order 6758, June 29, 1934: so rare, that, in the interest of Farm Credit Administration.... 1,660 good Civil Service Administration, James E. Simon, JAGC, 0962288. Joseph N. Tenhet, Jr., JAGO, 01061564. Executive Order 7195, Sept. 26, 1935 the position cannot be filled Barbara J. Twohey, ANC, N804134. (as amended by Executive COrder through open competitive exam- Marjorie L. Varner, ANC, N792847. 7223, Nov. 9, 1935): Civilian Con- ination. servation Corps ---.------. Wade H. Willlamson, JAGC, 0984541. Executive Order 7458, Sept. 26, 1936: Total, by operation of rules TO BE SECOND LIEUTENANT Rural Electrification Adminlstra- and regulations.---...... 47,756 Clarke M. Brandt, MSC, 01880870. tion---...... ------...... ------. 288 Dorothy M. DeLozier, WAC, L1020625. Executive Order 7732, Oct. 27, 1937: Grand total ----...... 193,574 Sarah J. Dempster, WMSC, M2915. U. S. Housing Authority--.. 388 Dixie L. Gilbert, ANC, N901428. Executive Order 7852, Mar. 29, 1938: Ruth M. Ibbs, ANC, N792782. Lighthouse Service...... 194 RECESS na Barbara E. Lane, ANC, N900354. Executive Order 7916, June 24, 1938. J.I,17 7 Mr. MARTIN. Mr. President, if there Phyllis M. Loucks, ANC, N805110, Executive Order 8383, Mar. 28, 1940: Betty L. Simpson, ANC, N804004. Interior (Office of Indian Affa airs). 456 is no further business to be transacted, Alice C. Thome, WAC, L1010649. Executive Order 8699, Mar. 1, 1941: I move that the Senate stand in recess Federal Deposit Insurance Ccorpo- until 12 o'clock noon tomorrow, in execu- The following-named persons for appoint- ration----..------475 tive session. ment in the Regular Army of the United States in the grades specified, under the pro- Executive Order 8811, June 30, 1941: The motion was agreed to; and (at 5 Office of Government Reports (Ex- visions of section 506 of the Officer Personnel o'clock and 25 minutes p. m.) the Sen- Act of 1947 (Public Law 381, 80th Cong.), ecutive Office of President) ate, in Executive Order 8886, Sept. 3, 1941: executive session, took a recess subject to physical qualification: Coast Guard-_____------181 until tomorrow, Tuesday, January 26, TO BE FIRST LIEUTENANT Executive Order 8939, Nov. 13, 1941: 1954, at 12 o'clock meridian. Thomas N. Britton, Jr., 02204994. Farm Security Administration._. 1,104 Evan R. Davlson, 0958328. Executive Order 8952, Nov. 27, 1941. 1,282 Lee R. Roper, 0971584. Executive Order 9807, Nov. 1946. 354 NOMINATIONS 29, George P. Shedd, 0948865. Executive Order 10080, Sept S30, Executive nominations received by the Fred D. Smith, 02207u84. 1949 ...... __------.... 4,248 Senate January 25 (legislative day of Joseph S. Sulenskl, 01340950. Executive Order 10157, Aug. 28, Phillip E. Teague, 0955853. 1950 ------...... -- 16,520 January 22), 1954: IN THE ARMY TO BE SECOND LIEUTENANT Total, by Executive order.... 47,330 Maj. Gen. Kester Lovejoy Hastings, 012219, Victor L. Allebach, 01935761. Army of the United States (brigadier general, Benjamin H. Anderson, Jr., 01889132, 720 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25

Sherwin Arculls, 02003494. Henry R. Shelton, 01873402. Edward J. Egozcue, MSC, 0954255. Robert M. Bayless, 02211092. Frank Smith, 01940451. Charles L. Eveland, MSC, 01340646. John R. Beers, 04016930. Noel M. Smith, 01914947. Berniece I. Fairalzl, ANC, N792363. William C. Benson, 01873727. Charles V. Sorrels, 01940197. Dan S. Ferguson, DC, 01878282. Donald L. Blottle, 01937478. Benjamin G. Spivey. 02205290. James S. Fields, MSC, 0971738. Harold R. Brewster, 01880572. Stephan N. Strauss, 01935817. Alice N. Flagg, ANC, N805231. Grail L. Brookshire, 04011957. Baxter R. Stretcher, 04012123. Duane F. Ford, VC, 0990876. Paul S. Carpinteri, 02200598. Wellington J. Strickfaden, 01936941. Matthew Ginalick, MSC, 01544339. John H. Casey, 02201736. Wallace Tervin, 01935407. Raymond E. Graham, MSC, 01280120. John P. Casey, Jr., 01925888. James M. Turner, Jr., 01879403. James F. Grasiano, MSC, 0960745. Edwin F. Cavaleri, Jr., 02003167. Jeremiah T. Walsh, 01886567. Thomas M. Grzesiow, MSC, 02262413. William C. Chamberlain, 01931363. Allen H. Watts, Jr., 04023686. Charles M. Hare, DC, 01756709. John O. Childs, 01940339. Howard M. Williams, 04013280. Thomas J. Hartford, Jr., MSC, 0989783. Glen Clemens, 01918421. John H. Williams, 01881015. James A. Hemphill, MSC, 02206028. Walter E. Coleman, 02017962. The following-named distinguished mili- Edward F. Holman, MSC, 01650143. Nelson P. Conover, 04012402. tary students for appointment in the Regular Edward L. Hopper, JAGC, 02005634. John S. Cross, 01885907. Army of the United States, in the grade of Lewis H. Huggins, MSO, 02050519. Donald O. Crutchley, 0989527. second lieutenant, under the provision of Clarence M. Hurtt, MSC, 02202028. Frank M. S. Dean, 04013279. section 506 of the Officer Personnel Act of Alfred E. Lewis, MSC, 0545422. James W. Debo, 01925297. 1947 (Public Law 381, 80th Cong.), subject Milton A. Lewis, MSC, 01535019. Walter M. Denton, 04001780. to designation as distinguished military Bryan T..Lowe, MSC, 0963523. Thomas E. deShazo, Jr., 02021527. graduates, and also subject to physical quali- Paul S. Marshall, MSC, 01342340. Ernest J. Dufresne, Jr., 01873785. fication: Thomas G. Murnane, Jr., VC, 0980934. James R. Etheridge, 04013072. Warren H. Anderson, 01891236. James J. Norton, MSC, 01997453. Donald D. Fiser, 01874624. Francis X. Blouin, 04014642. Erroll W. Pace, Jr., MSC, 02051691. William D. Fletcher, 04002179. Joseph U. Catudal, 01929812. Roger F. Pratt, MSC, 01542603. James D. Franklin. 04013208. Ray H. Crown, 01879405. William J. Prescott, MSC, 02047787. Robert G. Friar, 02205642. Prescott Eaton, 04019545. Kathleen E. Quigley, ANC, N804332. Merle W. Fuller, 04003538. Jackson L. Flake, Jr., 04012756. Wallace D. Riley, JAGC, 02264637. James M. Gabel, 04001420. Osvaldo L. Gil, 04018848. Theodore R. Sankey, MSC, 0986410. John N. Gallaspy, 01879397. Robert E. Gunnett, 04016970. Wayne L. Simpson, MSC, 02047829. Wright D. Gifford, Jr., 02201720. Oscar S. Jacquez, 01940174. John S. Snyder, MSC, 02049109. Donald I. Goecker, 01872777. Robert L. Kinney, 01940477. Ralph A. Spencer, MSC, 01690874. William R. Graham, 0996944. Lary F. O. Lawson, 04003498. Harold Stone, MSC, 0994520. Robert L. Harbuck, 01890245. Francis X. Mahoney, 04014671. David H. Sudderth, Jr., MSC, 01327679. Arthur N. Hartman, 0968992. Richard J. McCarthy, 01880863. Alvin A. Therrien, MSC, 01016722. William Q. Harty, 02201538. Gordon E. Moore, 01930609. Samuel J. Turnbull, Jr., MSC, 02051728. Lynn C. Hervey, 02207763. Tommy E. Price, 01887033. Bryce C. Walton, MSC, 0963234. Russell J. Hopley, Jr., 04016108. Maxwell R. Thurman, 04012601. William M. Wegner, MSC, 01544749. Eli P. Howard, Jr., 02203327. Roy J. Young, 01939997. George C. Welton, MSC, 01176843. James G. Humphrys, 02204614. Kenneth (NoTE.-These persons were given recess K. Wheatley. MSC, 0975384. William M. Ingram, 02003237. appointment on either September 11, 1953, Raymond H. White. MSO, 02002153. Theodore G. Jenes, Jr., 01936234. October 27, 1953, or December 9, 1953.) Clarence H. Wilkinson, MSC, 02037936. Robert H. Johnson, 04016499. John J. Wilson, MSC, 0966631. Joseph L. Kennedy, 02203804. The following named persons for appoint- James J. Young, MSC, 01342355. W. King, 04023367. ment as chaplains of the Regular Army of William TO BE SECONDLIEUTENANT Ernest Kitchens, Jr., 02004400. the United States, in the grades specified, John G. Kloke, 01936853. under the provisions of section 506 of the Joseph K. Allen, MSC, 0995381. Robert J. Kuhn, 04005000. Officer Personnel Act of 1947 (Public Law Charles Anistranski, MSC, 01917653. William J. Lawrence, 04019202. 381, 80th Cong.), subject to physical quali- Irving H. Bahde, Jr., MSC, 02097029. Alfred S. LeBlang, 01920293. fication: William W. Barnes, MSC, 0994283. Howard G. Ling. 01861760. TO BE CAPTAIN Theodore C. Beckett, MSC, 0998013. William H. Mantooth, 02205509. Joseph R. Andrews, 0552887. George P. Becknell, Jr., MSO, 02102868. Floyd M. Maples, 02205908. David H. Sperring, 0933149. James C. Burke, MSC, 02264526. Nathan H. Marcus, 01873685. Leonard P.-Stegman, 0955449. John T. Caskey, Jr., MSC, 0948658. McBee, 04013278. Kathleen L. Charles, ANC, N805547. Willie H. TO BE FIRST LIEUTENANT Sherwood W. McClaren, II, 01939504. Leaton C. ,Cofield, MSC, 0995807. Harold J. McCormack, 01933457. Charles A. Meek, 0990453. Helen E. Cruickshank, WMSC, M2927. Robert F. McGuffin, 01888612. Edward L. Spence, 0483254. Gordon Field, MSC, 0533316. Thomas S. McLean, 02028610. John J. Sullivan, 0959753. Ellis F. Hall, Jr., MSC, 0997923. James H. McMurray, Jr., 01C87813. The following named persons for appoint- Stanley R. Haskins, MSC, 01862000. Edward S. McNulty, 02041811. ment in the Regular Army of the United Arnold C. Henderson, MSC, 02050253. Wilbur A. Middleton, 01935976. States, in the grades and corps specified, Frank K. James, Jr., MSC, 0998437. Thomas A. Miller, Jr., 04002483. under the provisions of section 506 of the Aaron B. Johnson, MSC, 02102829. Alphonso Mitchell, 04002008. Officer Personnel Act of 1947 (Public Law Charles L. Kelly, MSC, 0998320. Dan J. Mizell, 04023381. 381, 80th Cong.), Public Law 759, 80th Con- Cowan J. McFarland, MSC, 0991260. Robert S. Montgomery, III, 01939819. gress, and Public Law 36, 80th Congress Robert W. Moody, MSC, 02042065. Ernest W. Moore, 02028345. as amended by Public Law 37, 83d Congress, Lynn B. Moore, MSC, 01920190. Richard H. Nims, 01885933. subject to physical qualification: Harold D. Newson, MSC, 01337076. Merrill C. Peterson, MSC, 0980530. Dennis L. Norell, 02209803. TO BE CAPTAIN James R. Oakes, 04011973. Roy C. Prince, MSC, 0998035. Robert E. Owen, 01701181. Robert M. Hall, MC, 0975818. John E. Rogers, Jr., MSC, 0987303. Peter T. Owre, 01925551. Sam A. Nixon, Jr., MC, 0992758. Aaron Ryan, MSC, 01924770. William E. Panton, 01935384. Glenn A. Washburn, VC, 01744984. George M. Shea, MSC, 01874699. Wilbur A. Pawson, 02042120. TO BE FIRST LIEUTENANT Dana S. Slack, MSC, 02263450. Forest E. Pierce, 01861860. James E. Anderson, MSC, 0962083. Seth W. Spellman, Jr., MSC, 01335703. Tommie D. Porter, 01914666. Olga M. Beamon, ANC, N804805. Lloyd E. Spencer, MSC, 0988141. Willard L. Portteus, Jr., 04001700. Joseph E. Beavers, MSC, 0554228. Samuel J. Summers III, MSC, 02048794. Robert W. Price, 01885761. Milton A. Beerwinkle, VC, 0991854. Joseph M. Tuggle, Jr., MSO, 01919034. Edwards M. Quigley, Jr., 01876882. Thomas M. Bethea, MSC, 01825224. Peter C. Welsh, MSC, 01876941. David M. Rainey, 04002574. Lyman Blakesley, MSC, 02049948. The following-named persons for appoint- Drew F. Reddish, 04013215. Richard R. Buckius, MSC, 02013953. ment in the Regular Army of the Robert M. Reuter, 01924832. United Robert M. Bynum, III, MSC, 0961538. States, in the grades specified, under the Walter G. Riley, Jr., 04011977. SHugh J. Clausen, JAGC, 0987467. provisions of section 506 of the Officer Per- James H. Ritz, Jr., 04001464. David S. Cooper, MO, 02042049. sonnel James W. Rowe, 01914745. Act of 1947. (Public Law 381, 80th Irven R. Cooper, Jr., VO, 01735662. Cong.), subject to physical qualification: John 0. Roy, 04001771. Mabel H. Corbin, ANO, N792644. Cledle B. Russell, 01880840. Malcolm L. Coy, MSO, 0959645. TO BE FIRST'IEUTENANT James G. Schoebel, 01932366.' John C. Crimen, MSC, 01544372. Frederick T. Abt, 02210069. Neil W. Schrack, 01890065. Samuel L. Crook, Sr., MSC, 01701678. William A. Ahrberg, 0957810. Frank T. Scott, 01939472. Robert E. Davis, MSC, 0986896. Julio C. Bae-Murphy, 01340429. James H. Shaha, 02210559. William V. Davis, MSC, 01542954. James R. Bailey, 02007173. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 721

Daniel L. Baldwin, 0957813. Jean L. Turner, 01339667. Billie L. Oliver, 02041169. Ronald R. Baskin, 01342361. John T. Turner, 0948750. Bruce E. Patterson, 01924740. John E. Bell, 02204256. John E. Tyler, 01341727. James W. Patterson, 02003259. Myron H. Bengson, 0972291. William C. Tyrrell, 0770016. Paul F. Pearson, 02206941. Tom L. Bing, 0973368. Lawrence Valla, 0970597. Philip S. Pugh, III, 01924542. Charles E. Boyle, Jr., 01337269. William G. Walby, 02020492. Willie Pundt, 01062047. Charles W. Bradshaw, 0963981. John J. Walsh, Jr., 01341732. Gerald W. Purvis, 01873699. Wesley D. Bruce, Jr., 02204152. James M. Whelan, 0975133. Richard Pyle, 01872586. Walter C. Butler, Jr., 0973116 Joseph R. Wisnack, 01903868. Robert L. Quinnett, 01914550. John H. Cain, 02021009.. William M. Wright, 02014730. Leon E. Rademacher, 01924090. Robert E. Carignan, 02033813. TO BE SECOND LIETTENANT Willard A. Ramirez, 02004278. 01913328. Raymond Reason, Jr., 01874194. Maurice J. Castille, 01917594. Jr.,.0963361. Benjamin B. Albert, Jr., Richard D. Relsh, 01919387. Maury F. Cochran, William L. Albright, 01874584. Cordova, 0934751. William T. Rife, Jr., 01341120. William R. Herbert L. Aycock, 02096880. 0966703. Stanley Rodwin, 02203787. Verne P. Craig, Stephen W. Bachinski, 01924721. A. Crozier, 01341324. Warren F. Schilling, 02015795. Ted George F. Backhurst, 01924953. Currier, 01913287. Donald B. Schroeder, 02103380. John W. Harry R. Bailey, 01873250. R. Denison, 02033683. Wade L. Shankle, Jr., 01924921. Allen Wallace I. Baker, 02030413. Dent, 01560115. Edward L. Shirley, 01924111. Thomas R. Bob C. Bannister, 01924665. Rex T. Dittamore, 02014476. James R. Smith, 02028458. Ferninand 0. Barger, Jr., 02028661. Donahue, Jr., 02201106. Frank J. Socky, 01917672. Joseph E. Sampson H. Bass, Jr., 01873146. Charles M. East, Jr., 01340167. Robert D. Stevenson, Risden T. Bennett, Jr., 0969357. 02028451. Edward A. Ford, 0958270. Wilmer George L. Bernard, 0995486. D. Stewart, 01339577. Wallace M. Gallant, 0983998. Harry Henry H. Bettis, Jr., 02207964. L. Sutton, Jr., 02205876. Thomas A. Ghormley, 02033785. Normand J. Biglione, 01332571. William W. Taylor, Jr., 01917550. Charles E. Green, 01340181. James F. Blake, 02028544. Robert Tecco, 01924784. James C. Griffith, 02207065. Donald E. Boyd, 02028547. Robert F. Thomas, 02205374. Angelo Grills, 01330919. Thomas E. Thompson, 0970503. Norman W. Hammes, 02206388. Edward M. Bradford, 0995984. James L. Brennand, 01939606. William W. Tombaugh, 01882252. John L. Hastle, 02210631. John A. Broderick. 02103725. Horace W. Tousley, Jr., 02104134. Solomon L. Hay, Jr., 0966210. Wyndell E. Brogden, 01914524. Lowell D. Twitchell, 01918400. Robert F. Haynes, 02033737. William L. Van Horn, 01913478. Michael D. Healy, 01341425. Russell L. Brons, 02102530. John C. Brown, 01924829. Ernest A. Van Netta, 02204458. Hubert H. Henderson, Jr., 0955563. Edward J. Vaughn, 02028643. Kenneth L. Henderson, Jr., 02048950. Joseph J. Callahan, 01876540. William G. Carter, 01878814. Edward B. Vogel, 01924621. Harry V. Herlinger, Jr., 0956261. Alfred N. Champion, 02204529. Bruce W. Wallace, 0982794. Robert H. Hill, 01054625. Gene A. Weaver, 01876674. John M. House, III, 02021099. James N. Chapman, 02209353. William E. Coleman, 01692420. Jack C. Webb, 01874038. Harvey W. Huntzinger, 01120685. James S. Welch, 0947499. Douglas P. Hyatt, 01688486. James J. Corliss, 0994882. Manley H. Cosper, Jr., 01918916. Harold H. Whisler, 0991718. Carlton L. Jones, 0965258. James F. Whitmore, 01872447. Clinton K. Jones, 02014518. Kenneth D. Cowan, 01873961. Alden L. Cox, 0997183. Charles G. Willard, 0993559. Philip D. Jones, 01342188. Fred D. Williams, 01924847. 01118748. Eldon L. Cummings, 01924879. Francis M. Jurgens, John E. Windlsh, 01340146. Philllp Kaplan, 01913244. Frank L. Deichmeister, 0973435. Arthur C. Winn, 02203939. Arthur L. Knipp, Jr., 0980534. Dalston K. Dennis, 02262908. Ralph T. Woodrow, 0972082. Daniel W. Knopp, 01688807. German D. Donahoe, 0953915. William D. Wooldridge, 01920201. Donald E. Kooker, Jr., 01341797. John R. Elliott, 0989909. Raymond H. M. Larsen, 02211211. John M. Fairey, 01873918. Angus E. Wootten, 01876282. Pat J. Lindsay, 0990952. Kermit C. Garner, 01873736. William G. Wright. Jr., 02003011. William Robert A. Little, 01019042. Frank L. Garrison, 0988761. C. Zabhosky, 02103980. Owen E. Litz, 01559590. Raymond L. George, 01861912. The following-named officers for appoint- Gerald A. Ludick, 0974611. Albert W. Gieseman, 0974343. ment, by transfer, in the Judge Advocate Francis W. MacNeill, 01341986. Darrell L. Gooler, 01920113. General's Corps, Regular Army of the United Harold V. Madden, 02208865. Albert J. Grazioli, 0974864. States, in the grade specified: Edward L. Magill, 02204044. William A. Green, 02028584. TO BE CAPTAIN Wayne C. Mathews, 02210267. Philip D. Grimm, 02208255. Jack L. McClaran, 01334482. Charles E. Hall, 0966224. Harvey S. Boyd, 027504. Earl C. McCrary, 02014812. Donald M. Hamilton, 01876584. Rodney J. Collins, 055519. Orvil C. Metheny, 0971156. George C. Harrington, 01915444. Gabriel A. Ivan, 025865. William B. Middlemas, 02204835. Elwood J. Hein, 02209383. Richard I. Kothrade, 027190. Milton J. Morgan, 0983693. James B. Hemmer, 02102494. Philip B. Polak, 027193. Clifford O. Morrie, 0955187. Benjamin F. Hildebrand, 02211592. Karl E. Wolf, 026202. Donald F. Hockett, 0974702. John J. Morrissey, 02014507. IN THE NAVY Edward G. Mundy, 02200164. Robert A. Holloman III, 02028824. James M. Myers, 01340209. William B. Holwick, 0986172. Adm. Richard L. Conolly, United States Milford L. Nealis, 01340486. John D. Horner, 02063422. Navy, retired, to be placed on the retired list Kermit A. Nelson, 0974179. Samuel J. Huffman m, 01873896. with the rank of admiral. Henry C. Norcom, 0957915. Harvey B. Johns, Jr., 02207741. Adm. Joseph J. Clark, United States Navy, Charles R. Norris, 02018559. Marcus C. Jordan, 01651934. retired, to be placed on the retired list with Frank D. Obllnger, Jr., 0970306. Noel D. Knotts, 01924793. the rank of vice admiral. Norman L. Overton, 0767345. Richard S. Krafski, 02004229. Vice Adm. Alfred M. Pride, United States Martin L. Padalino, 02200517. Bert B. Locke, 0997958. Navy, to have the grade, rank, pay, and al- Harry E. Padley, Jr., 01340685. John J. Luxemburger, Jr., 0991747. lowances of a vice admiral while serving as James M. Page, Jr., 02014492. John A. Lynch, II, 01913183. to fleet commander. Willard H. Page, 02018744. Richard C. Malorino, 02004234. Vice Adm. Arthur C. Davis, United States Burns I. Perfect, 01686758. James H. Mapp, 02021287. Navy, to have the grade, rank, pay, and al- James H. Phillips, 02206305. Norman R. Maxfield, 02201334. lowances of a vice admiral while serving as William R. Ponder, 02205644. Guy H. McCarey, Jr., 0948061. Director, Office of Foreign Military Affairs, Richard R. Reardon, 0957756. Troy E. McGowan, 02211518. Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense Glenn H. Record, 01686800. Donald R. McMurry, 02104113. for International Security Affairs. Raphael A. Reiner, 01688541, John J. McNamara, 0962012. Rear Adm. John R. Perry, Civil Engineer Charles E. Rich, 01540943. Ward W. Miller, 0996918. Corps, United States Navy, to be Chief of Richard C. Rogers, 02033808. George J. Mulcahy, 01876779. the Bureau of Yards and Docks in the De- for a term of 4 years. Donald C. Shuffstall, 02021090. Thomas E. Mullins, 04016848. partment of the Navy, Rear Adm. Frederick R. Furth, United William T. Singleton, 01340817. Angus M. Mundy, 02209755. of Naval Research Earl C. Sturm, 0557144. States Navy, to be Chief James F. Murphy, 02028421. in the Department of the Navy, with the James L. Sutton, 02206602. Lynn 0. Murray, 0986409. rank of rear admiral, for a term of 3 years. Ernest P. Terrell, Jr., 01688591. Robert L. Newburg, 0964966. Lt. Gen. William O. Brice, United States Raphael D. Tice, 01341599. , Robert D. Newton, 02028348. Marine Corps, to have the grade, rank, pay, Paul M. Timmerberg, 01688525. Thomas E. Nichols, Jr., 02003257. and allowances of a lieutenant general while Edward B. Turner, Jr., 0969760. Ronald F. Ochls.. 02028422. serving as Assistant Commandant (Air) of C----46 722 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25 the Marine Corps, Director of Aviation, IN THE NAVY Ramirez de Arellano, Smith, William R., III Headquarters Marine Corps, and Assistant The following-named officers of the Navy Marion F. .Solenberger, Earl K. Chief of Naval Operations (Marine Avia- and Naval Reserve on active duty for tem- Raser, George B., IIIStever, Elbert M. tion). porary promotion to the grade of rear ad- Reeves, Malcolm C. Stiesberg, Frederick M. IN THE MARINE CORPS miral in the line and staff corps indicated, Reich, Eli T. Sullivan, George A. The following-named officer of the Marine subject to qualification therefor as provided Rhymes, Cassius D.,Sweeney. Vincent A. Corps for permanent appointment to the by law: Jr. Taylor, William C. grade of major general: Richardson, Norval R.Thompson, William C., For temporary promotion in the Navy: Riera, Robert E. Jr. Walter W. Wensinger Rooney, Carl W. Thomson, James W. The following-named officers of the Marine LINE Charles A. Buchanan Elton W. Grenfell Ross, Bruce P. Tipton, Henry C. Corps for permanent appointment to the Ruehlow, Stanley E. Veth, Kenneth L. grade of brigadier general: Ralph S. Clarke Fitzhugh Lee William G. Cooper William Miller Sanger, Kenneth J. Wade, Benjamin G. Robert O. Bare Kenneth Craig Francis D. McCorkle Sarver, Ben W. Walker Francis D., Jr. Raymond A. Anderson Norvell G. Robert E. Cronin Frank O'Beirne Schmidling, Mat- Ward, Samuel K. Bird thew S. Ward, Robert E. M. Paul L. Dudley Schuyler N. Pyne Schock, Lewis L., Jr. Weldon, Albert R. The following-named officers of the Marine Clifford H. Duerfeldt William R. Smedberg Schoenweiss, Carl W. Wesson, Joseph H. Corps for temporary appointment to the Laurence H. Frost III Scott, James, II West, Kenneth grade of major general: Frederick R. Furth Paul D. Stroop Sellers, Frank E., Jr. Wheeler, Frank K. B. Roy A. Gano Robert L. Swart Randolph McC. Pate Merrill B. Twining Senif, Howard Z. Wideman, William B. Clayton C. Jerome James P. Riseley MEDICALCORPS Seymour, Jack M. Wilson, J..C. Gillespi John C. McQueen Albert D. Cooley Walter F. James Shaffer, John N. Winkel, Robert P. George F. Good, Jr. Lewis B. Puller Shepard, Evan T. Wulzen, Don W. The following-named officer of the Marine SUPPLY CORPS Slason, Frank K. Youngblood, Curtis T. Corps for temporary appointment to the Joel D. Parks Smith, Frank M. grade of major general subject to qualifica- James B. Ricketts MEDICAL CORPS tion therefor as provided by law: Lloyd H. Thomas Anderson, Edward A. Kahn, Gustav M. Robert O. Bare For temporary promotion in the Naval Berry, Ralph B. Koett, John W. The following-named officers of the Marine Reserve: Calvy, George L. Ocko, Felix H. Corps for temporary appointment to the SUPPLY CORPS Carr, Chalmers R. Palmberg, Karl J. grade of brigadier general: Clarence G. Warfleld Coffman, Delphos O. Parker, Ralph C., Jr, Alexander W. Kreiser, Thomas G. McFarland The following-named officers of the Navy Fankboner, Ronald B. Queen, William F. Jr. Samuel S. Jack and Naval Reserve on active duty for tem- Foley, Thomas M. Rollins, Emanuel Ion M. Bethel Henry R. Paige porary promotion to the grade of captain in Francis, William S. Turnipseed, Derric C. Nels H. Nelson Joseph W. Earnshaw the line and staff corps indicated, subject Grant, Roald N. Wiggins, Howell E. David M. Shoup to aualification therefor as provided by law: Greenman, Robert B. Williams, Sylvester The following-named officers of the Marine For temporary promotion in the Navy: Jamieson, Robert B.,Wray, William S. L. Corps for temporary appointment to the LINE Jr. Yon, Joseph grade of brigadier general subject to quali- Johnson, Robert B. Zuska, Joseph J. Abhau, William C. Jackson, William G., fication therefor as provided by law: Antonides, Joseph W. Jr. SUPPLY CORPS Marion L. Dawson Alan Shapley Bakutis, Fred E. Kail, Robert B. Adams, Woodbury S. Goldberg, Herschel J. Francis M. McAlister David F. O'Neill Baranowski, John J. Karaberis, Constan- Bottoms, John W. Hyland, William W. The following-named officers of the Marine Barleon, John S., Jr. tine A. Brown, Thomas A. Lamkin, Fletcher M. Corps for temporary appointment to the Barnes, William R. Kauffman, Draper L. Capell, Delmar R. Lyle, Joseph M. grade of colonel: Baskett, Thomas S. Kear, Carleton R., Jr. Cline, John B. O'Handley, John G. Charles H. Keats, Edgar S. Detweiler, Louis M. Oliver, Warren E. Jens C. Aggerbeck, Jr. Alton D. Gould Becker, Alfred D. John A. Saxten Hugh M. Elwood Bennett, Bradley F. Kilmartin, Ewald, Christian L. Stanley, Emory D., Jr. Bettens, Warren J. Kirkpatrick, Raleigh Carl J. Fleps Daniel C. Pollock CHAPLAIN CORPS Booth, Blake B. C., Jr. Walter F. Layer Monfurd K. Peyton John H. Klein, Irving N. Mahler, Walter A. Carlo A. Rovetta Ralph A. Collins, Jr. Brandt, Briggs, Chester A. Klinker, Roy C. Peterson, Abbot, Jr. George R. Newton Edward N. Rydalch Robert S. Lee, John M. CIVIL ENGINEER CORPS Alfred L. Booth Raymond G. Davis Burdick, R. Libby, Rawdon Richard D. Weber Ransom M. Wood Carnes, James Bathke, Ernest S. Mann Richard L. Carpenter, Stephen W.Lindsay, Harry M., Jr. Charles M. Dehority Walter S. Osipoff Bentley, James A. Plichta, Joseph P. Cassidy, William F. Lowther, Robert D. Howard B. Benge Jess P. Ferrill, Jr. Husband, Alexander C. Rehler Joseph E. Castro, Luis V. Lynch, Richard B. Hamilton M. Hoyler Guy H. Kissinger, Jr. Johnson, William S. Silliman, Julian W. Clark, Charles H. Mabley, Louis C. Richard B. Church Edward H. Hurst Lofland, John H., Jr. Clay, Donald N. Mandelkorn, Robert S. T. Post, Jr. Donn J. Robertson CORPS Nathan Cole, Cyrus C. Maples, Hugh M. DENTAL The following-named women officers of the Conkey, George L. Maurer, John H. Connell, Clarence R. Schork, Charles J. Marine Corps for permanent appointment to DeLong, Henry C. McCallum, James L. P. Farquhar, John C. Smith, Albert T. the grade of lieutenant colonel: Dodge, Sherwood H. McClintock, David H. Fraleigh, Claud M. Thomas, Lloyd W. Margaret M. Henderson Doll, Raymond E. McCormick, John W. McIntyre, John R. Elsie E. Hill Dornin, Robert E. McElroy, Rhodam Y., For temporary promotion in the Naval Jr. The following-named women officers of the Fee, John J. Reserve: Thomas D. Marine Corps for permanent appointment to Fluckey, Eugene B. McGrath, LINE McQuilkin, John H. the grade of major: Foote, John J. Blanchard, Theodore Mitchell, Charles W., Foster, Clifford S., Jr.Merrick, German C. Gilchrist, Norman S. Jr., Ben A. Day Ralph M. Freeman, Mason B. Metcalf, Hill Lester M. Sever, Joseph C. Mary J. Hale Freeman, Ross E. Middleton, John R., Jr. The following-named women officers of the Gage, Norman D. Milner, Robert M. DENTAL CORPS Marine Corps for permanent appointment to Gay, Jesse B., Jr. Moore, Walter A., Jr. Eisenhart, Albert V. the grade of major, subject to qualification Gayler, Noel A. M. Moynahan, James T. The following-named officers of the Navy therefor as provided by law: Gerwick, John D. Murphy, Charles H. S. and Naval Reserve on active duty for tem- Nita B. Warner Griffin, Gordon A. Murphy, Owen B. porary promotion to the grade of commander Jeanette I. Sustad Hack, John A. Murphy, William C. in the line and staff corps indicated, subject Harlfinger, FrederickMusick, Kenneth F. therefor as provided by law: The following-named officers of the Ma- to qualification J., II Nash, David rine Corps for permanent appointment to LINE Harris, Harold J. Neyman, Clinton A., the grade of first lieutenant, subject to Hauck, Philip F. Jr. Abbott, Lawrence W., Alexander, James T., qualification therefor as provided by law: Hearn, Wilfred A. Nielsen, Homer H. Jr. Jr. "C" "P" Clark, Jr. Donald C. Stanton Heath, John A. North, James R. Abercrombie, Daniel Allendorfer, Harry C., Ralph W. Tufts Joseph L. Sadowski Henry, Thomas H. Ogden, Herbert L. W., 3d. Jr. George B. Addison, Winston F. Fontaine Hess, Franklin G. Osborn, Edgar G. Acker, Guilford D. Allman, John C. Jr. Charles F. Whitehead Higginbotham, Owen, John Adami, William S. Allsopp, Charles A. Robert E. Gruenler Grover S. Paddock, Alton E. Adams, David G., Jr. Amen, William T. The following-named officer of the Marine Houston, Robert C. Parker, Jefferson D. Adams, Don D. Amman, Bernard Corps for permanent appointment to the Howard, Ezra G. Petrovic, William F. Adler, Vance W. Anceney, Charles L. grade of first lieutenant for limited duty: Hunt, William A., Jr. Phillips, Fred N. Aikins, Charles C. Anderson, Andreas P. Robert J. Anthony Hutchinson, George Purdy, Arthur M. Albrecht, Burton F. J. Anderson, Elmer D. 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 723

Andrews, Clyde C. Butt, Lawrence H. Doherty, Robert E. Gommengenger, John Janes, William N. Mayer, Roland G., Jr. Andrews, Frank A. Butts, John L., Jr. Doner, Landis E. A. Jeffrey, Joseph D. Mayo, Robert A. Dowler, Arey. Richard W. Byers, Alexander D. C. Jack T. Gooding, Robert C. Jennings, Lewis B. McCarty, Lindsny C. Doyle, Argento, Michael C. Byrne, Kevin E. Judson C. Gorman, Frederick E. Jennings, Robert H., McCllntock Ernest L., Armstrong, Parker B. Cain, James B. Dozier, William C., Jr.Gotch, James R. P. Jr. Jr. Armstrong, Robert M. Cain, John L. Drew, John G., 2d Graham, Max W. J. Johns, Ralph G., Jr. McClure, Nathan D., Arthur, William A. Caldwell, Benjamin F. Drozdz, Edward J. Graham, Woodrow W. Johnson, Ace 3d Drum, Henry Ashley, James M., Jr. Calland, Robert W. W. Grant, Henry L., 3d Johnson, Clark W. McCraney, Virgil H. Duncan, Atkinson, George O., Carlson, Harold G. Max C. Gray, Charles B. Johnson, Donald H. McDonald, James J. Jr. Carmody, Martin D. Dupre, Marcy M., 3d Green, David H. Johnson, Perry W., Jr. McFetridge, George W. Dupzyk, Auckland, Wallace B. Carr, Leslie J. Robert R. Green, Laurence B. Jones, Arthur W. McGarry, Alan R. Durand, Charles V. Crter, John aD., Jr. Paul H. Gregg, Clarence B. Jones, Bennie W., Jr. McGrath, Raymond C. Augustus, D'Urso, William R. Carter, John Q. Daniel L. Griber, Peter A. M. Jones, Samuel G. McGuire, James F. Austin, Dyer, Bradford Avers, Frank W. Carter, Robert R. M. Griffin, William E., Jr. Jorgensen, John B. McInnis, Alex N., Jr. Early, Leo lachhuber, Joseph A. Carter, William D. W. Griffith, Ward W., 3d Jorgenson, John H. McKelvey Thomas R., Earnest, Albert Backus, Willard O. Carver, William E. K. Grimes. Alton B. Kalin, Morris I. Jr. C. Eastman, Robert S. Gromada, Balilman, John H. Cason, Arthur Matthew R. Kane, John D. H., Jr. McKenna Charles N. Edrlngton, Frank Bain, John B. Catlin, Allen B. R. Gullaksen, Gilbert V. Kedigh, Percy E. McKnight, George W. E. Eggeman, Benjamin Baird, William D. Caton, Clifford Gulledge, Kenneth E. Keegan, John P. McLaughlin, John R., Jr. Baker, Raymond W. Cauthen, Columbus Gutting, John P. Keister, Harlin M. McLaughlin, William Eggen, Arnold W. Balls, Theodore L. F., Jr. Hadden, Mayo A., Jr. Kellett, Orville D. E. E. Elliott, Ralph E., Jr. Ball, Mottrom J. Cheney, Ralph Haffey, John J., Jr. Kelley, Harry J. McManus, Joseph E. Ely, Don L. Bannowsky, Clarence Cipolat, Aldo A. Hager, Donald M. L. Kelley, Hugh A. McMillan, Franklin B. J.,Jr. Clark, Waldo W., Jr. Emmons, James W. Halpln, Paul D. Kelly, Andrew J. McMullan, James J. Bruce M. Clarke, Jared E., 3d Engelhardt, Sidney Halvorson, George G. Kelly, William W. McNeal, Horace P. Barackman, Engemann, Bargeloh, William H., Clarke, Robert C. Robert L. Hamilton, Arthur G., Kendrick, David C. McNees Richard B. SEnnis, Jr. Clifford, John K. William W. Jr. Kennedy, Thomas W. McQuown, Wymard B., Erb, Barker, Jesse T. Clinton, Jack W. Leonard Hankey, John R. Kenniff, James A. Jr. Barnett, William R. Clinton, Robert J. Erwin, Virgil A., Jr. Hanson, Eugene R. Kephart, Cecil D. McWethy, Robert D. Esler, Barnhardt, Eugene C., Cobb, Philip W. Clifford M. Jr. Hanson, Robert J. Kersting, Christopher Meehan, William J. 3d 3d Cochran, Robert C. Estes, George G., Jr. Harbert, Thomas C., J. Meier, Louis L., Jr. Esworthy, Barry, William F. Cole, Howard Walter H., Jr. Keys, James E. Melhuse Arthur N. Bassett, Charles A. Cole, Philip P. Jr. Harders, Herman J. Kidd, Isaac C., Jr. Mendenhall Sy E. Bauer, Carl D. Coleman, George J., Ettinger, Raymond L. Hargrave, Rahe E. Kilgore, Will H. Merchant, Robert E. J. Jr. Evans, Jack L. Harman, John A. King, Richard D. Merrill, Milford A. Baxter, Robert A. Bear, John H. Comer, Willard Evans, Richard L. Harrison, Edward W. Kinne, Francis E. Merritt, Robert S. F. Beaudine, Robert J. Compton, Raymond Fahlgren, Jewell S. Hartley. Gordon E. Kintner, Edwin E. Metke, Harry D. W. Behan, Joseph N., Jr. Conger, James Fair, John W. Harwood, Robert H., Knight, Francis S. Micheel, Vernon L. Belew, Harold E. Cook, James L., Jr. Fanning, Clifford E. Jr. Knight, Robert C. Milano, Louis L. H., Bender, William C. Cooledge, Aurelian Farrell, Eugene H. Haszard, Harry A. Knight, Ross A. Miller, Gerald E. George S., Jr. Farrell, William F., Jr. Hatch, William N. Knox, Robert J. Miller, Gordon A. Bennett, D. Jr. Copeland, James Faust, Elwood B. Hayler, Robert M. Knudson, Angus J. Miller, Jack A. Walter F. V. Coppedge, Thomas N., Field, Henry C., Jr. Hays, Lyle R. Krantz, Carl D. Miller, James E. Bennett, Jr. Bergin, Daniel E., Jr. Copple. Hal E. Fink, Christian Hazard, James D. Krantz, William F. Miller John A. Bergquist, Cedric B. Cople, James H. Fitzgerald, John N., Jr. Hazlett, William R. Krause, William B. Miller, Kenneth W. Berkeley, Green R., Jr. Corkran, Richard L., Fitz-Patrick, Edward Henning, Donald A. Kurtz, William R. Miller, Ray H. Bernhard, Franklin V. Jr. G. Herndon, Edward B., Laing, Fred Miller, Ward S. Berry, Francis J. Coulthard, John C. Flatau, Howard C. 3d Laird, William M. Mills, Richard H. Bertsch, Fred S., Jr. Cowart, Andrew H. Fleck, Bernard A. Heronemus, William Landua, Oliver H. Mills Robert G. Betzel, Albert F. Craig, William B. Flint, Lawrence E., Jr. E. Lane, Ariel L. Minner, Donald A. Betzer, William E. Cramer, Donald S. Flynn, Russell F. Herzberger, Raymond Lane, Stanley H. Mitchell, John J. Bill, Wells R., Jr. Crandall, Hugh L. Folta, George W., Jr. G., Jr. Lange, Robert V. Mohl, Edgar V. Binion, Vernon E. Crawford, John W.. Ford, William R. Hill, Harry E. Langlois, Robert L Momsen, Charles B. Birch, Thomas L. Jr Forger, Frederick D. Hill, John C., 2d Lape, Wade W. Jr. Bishop, Charles B. Crawford, William H., Forrer, Samuel W. Hillberg, Albert G., Jr. Larsen, Julius M. Monahan, Robert J. Bishop, Gary W. Jr. Forrest, Gaylord T. Hinchey, John J. Laughead, Robert W. Monroe, Edward C. Black, Robert G. Creecy, Richard B. L. Fox, John P., Jr. Hinkamp, Maddox N. Lecklider, Russell P. Montgomery, William Blair, Alfred F. Cross, William H. Fraser, Leroy B., Jr. p. Lee, Chester M. M. Blanchard, Frank M. Crossen, Armand C. Fraser, Walter R. Hobson, John P.. 3d Leffen, John S. Moran, William J. Bliss, George L., Jr. Crow, Claude A., Jr. Frazier, Claude R. Hoerner, Helmuth E. Leidel, John S. Morehouse, Harold J. Fredrickson, Blocker, Leo B. Crowe, John W. Harry A. Hollingsworth, Henry Lemmon, Robert H. Morgan, William A. Blodgett, Robert B. Cruze, Jack. D. Freitag, Robert F. E. Lewis, Allen L. Morrison, Frank P. Blois, Marsden S., Jr. Culjat, Leonard M. Friedman, Malcolm C. Holm, Stanley R. Lewis, Francis A. Morrison John A. Boe, Nils W. Cullin, William H. Froude, Robert S. Holmes, Donald T. Liebmann, Howard F. Morrissey, Jack L. Boland, George T. Culver, Paul D. Fry, Harold E. Holmes, Paul L. Lillich, George T. Morrow, William B. Borop, James D. W. Curtis, Archibald W. Gage, Fred H., Jr. Hood, Benjamin E. Lindbeck. John A. Morton, Henry S. Bowen, John S. Curtis, Richard E. Gainor, Charles E. Hooper, James L. Logan, James W., Jr. Moss, Elmo L. Bower, Eric B. Daily, James L. Gallagher, Charles P. Hopkins, Lewis A. Loomis, David F. Mote John L. Boyd, Raymond A. Daniels, Robert J., Jr. Gallagher, Edward F. Hopley, Eric E. Lowe, Richard L. Mottern, Robert E. Brafford, Robert R. Danner, Harry T., Jr. Gallagher, Thomas J., Hord, Eldridge, Jr. Lowell, Robert L. Mounts, Dalton C. Brandon, Walter B. David, Floyd J. Jr. Horn, Marcus P. Lowentrout Jack L. Mullane, Leo W. Brango, Nicholas Davidson, Edward V. Gallin, Alvin L. Hosey, William B. Lowrie, Robert G. Mullen, Arthur C. Brink, John D. Davidson, James J. Gardes, George A. House, David L., Jr. Lyon, Gaylord B. Muller, Robert E. Brinser, Harry M. Davis, Henry C. Garland, Leo A. Houser, William D. MacKown, Alfred B. Mullins, James D. "Britner,George F., Jr. Davis, John B., Jr. Garrett, Wallace H.,Howard, Harold S. Maddex, John W. Munk, Maximilian W. Brown, Garrison Davis, Maxey B. Jr. Howell, Wiley B. Mahler, George H., 3d Munro, Winfleld S., Jr. Brown, Joy E. Day, Robert S. SGarrison, William B., Hubbell, Charles W. Malone, Eugene I. Murphy, Harold N. Brown, Kenneth B. Dearth, James S. Jr. Hughes, Richard Z. Malone, John D. Murphy, Pleasant L. Brown, Robert G. DeCristdfaro; Silvlo Garvin, Alfred D. Humphreys, Frederick Mansueto, Edmund J. Myers, Frederlok R. Brown, William S. de Latour, Lloyd L. Gass, Shelby C., Jr. - C. Marchand, Dwight L. Myers, Robert I. Brummett, Joseph'D. Dennett, Armistead Gebert, Wesley R., Jr. Hunt, Robert J. Margolf, Edgar L. Nash, Norman C. Buck, Richard H. Deodati, Joseph B. Gee, Roy P. Hunt, Wylie M. Marocchi, John L. Nasworthy, George P. Buell, Harold L. des Granges, Maino Genta, John L. Hurst, William J. Marshall, James M. Neal, William H., 3d Buhrer, Gordon C. Devine, Richard O. Gerber, Theodore E. Hutchinson, John L. Martin Robert A. Newcomb Robert A. Bull, Edward G. Dickerson, Vincent M. Gibbs, Harry B. Hyde, Richard W. Martin, Thomas D. Newcomer, Loyd E. Bunting, Curtis W. Dierker, John R. Gibson, Robert G. Iarrobino, John IL Mason, Clifford P. Newlove, Paul A. Bunting, Davis E. Dietz, Willard D. Gift, Ronald P. Imholte, Karl H. Mason, John W., Jr. Newton, William L. Burnett, Robert G. Dillard, Chester L.. Gill, Alfred M. Irwin, Carl B. Mattis Johnnie E. Nickerson, Henry J. Burt, John H. Dinneen, John H. Gillette, Robert W. Jackson, Clifton E. Maupin, Owen L. Nickerson, James D. Burton, Charles J. Dinsmore, Samuel H. 'Glassman, David E. James, Angy M. Maurer Theodore E. Nott, Dwight D. Butler, David S. Disque, Robert M. Goldsmith, George H. James, Jack M. Mayer, Albert J. Nyburg, Willard L. 724 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25

Nye, Robert D. Roble, William A. Spelrs, Carl L. Ustick, Perry W. Kennedy, Austin J., Jr. Severance, Radford H. Obey, Ronald J. Robinson, Walter P., Spiegel, William D. Vance, Leroy W. Kubacki, Edward L.' Shaughnessy, O'Brien, Frank H. Jr. Spradling, Warren E. Varley, Richard B., Jr. Leary, William G. Edward J. O'Bryant, William T. Robinson, William M. Squires, Lewis W. Vincent, Manuel D. Leonard, Robert E. Smith, Bert O'Connor, John C. Roblson, Roy J. Stafford, Edward P. Vissat, Paul L. Lindsay, Peter M. Smith, John D. Oliver, Frederick W. Rodriguez, Richard Stafford, Leonard M. Vita, Harold E. Linscott, Henry D., Jr.Sorensen, Karl A. N. Oliver, William B. Rogers, Allen R. Stahl, Robert B. Volz, Edward M. Litchfleld, Louis H., Jr. Stanton, Rodney A. Olsen, Leslie R. Rogers, Chester D. Stamm, Charles C. Voris, Roy M. MacDonald, Eugene T.Stewart, Hunter W. Olson, Carl E. Romanick, Frank M. Standring, Frank E. Vose, William F. Mackinnon, Willis T. Storck, William H. Olson, Robert C. Rosenberg, Edwin M. Stanek, Robert Wallace, John G. Mann, William A. Tobias, Robert H. Olson, Willard W. Ross, Robert M. Staring, Merlin H. Wallace, Ralph M. Mason, Thomas C. Tynan, John P. O'Neil, Justin A. Rountree, Frederick Stecher, Lewis J., Jr. Walsh, Stephen H. McNeill, Dan C. Vaklyes, John W. O'Neil, Walter B. M. Stetson, William W. Wanggaard, Lars, Jr. Muir, Frederick D., Jr.Voegell, George L. Opell, Leonard J. Rowan, John J. Stewart, Milton E. Ward, Russell D. Paget, Allen M. Washburne, Louis F., Orr, Rodney G. Roy, William E. Stirling, Harold C. Warner, Arthur H., Jr. Power, Richard T. , Jr. Osborn, James B. Rucker, Andrew J. Stoinoff, Robert R. Warner, Richard D. Richardson, Werner, Sherwood H. Osborn, John G., Jr. Ruehrmund, Paul L., Stokes, Griffith P. Warren, Harry S. William C. Willetts, Philo F. Osler, Edwin T. Jr. Stone, Howard L., Jr. Waters, Wayne R. Russell, Bryant W. Zerfoss, Allan B. Osterhoudt, Raymond Rule, Shelley E. Stoppelmann, Renold Weary, Neil S. Rutherford, Francis C. S. Rusch, William J., Jr. W. Weatherly, James F. CHAPLAIN CORPS Ostrander, Max H. Russell, Allard G. Strane, John R. Weber, William G. Anderson, Seth E. Ingvoldstad, Orla, Jr. Dewey A. Ruth, Lloyd D. Sturgis, Ivan W. Weidlein, Leopold Ostrom, Bosserman, Elmer E. Mullins, Thomas Robert T. Suerstedt, Henry, Jr. Weller, John S. J. Parduc, Daniel G. Rutzel, Brooks, William E., Jr.Sporrer, Otto E. S. Saldin, Carl N. Sult, George H. Weiss, Charles F. Park, Ernest Craven, John H. Vosseler, Lawrence Asbury H. Swanbeck, James R. Welsh, John R. Paseur, John L. Sallenger, Curry, Matthew A. C. M. Loys M. Sweek, Robert F. Werner, William R. Patterson, John D. Satterfield, Herold, Carl A. Wolf, Warren L. Payne, Charles N., Jr. Savadkin, Lawrence Sweltzer, Henry B. Werthmuller, Roy W. Payne, Robert C. Savage, Jimmie E. Tabor, Travis O., 3d F. CIVIL ENGINEER CORPS Pearson, Thomas R. Saylor, Philip G. Talbot, Wallace L., Jr. West, James C. Allegrone, Charles Graham, Robert R., Jr. Peddicord, Gerald E. Scarborough, Frank G. Tanner, Charles S. Westcott, Leon W. Bamberg, Edward C. Moeller, Griswold L. Pellett, William H. Schaible, Theodore C. Tappan, Benjamin Whatton, James E. Braheney, Joseph R. Reilly, Charles A., Jr. Penfold, Jack R. Schlegel, Paul W. Tate, Norman L. Wheatley, Thomas R. Cartelli, Anthony R. Smisek, Joseph J. Peters, Charles O. Schoenfeld, William A. Taylor, James D. Wheaton, Thomas R. Castanes, James C. Tregonis, Verne M. Peto, David C. Schoonover, Donald L. Taylor, Lamar S. Whited, Ciro N. V., Jr. Childers, Robert B. Urlass, Charles K. Pfeil, John H. Schrelber, Robert S. Tharp, Samuel M. Whitehurst, William Clampet, William T. Wills, Harry C. Philippbar, Joseph W. Schremp, James F. Thewlis, Alan M. B. Frate, Lawrence P. Thienes, Robert L. Jr. Schroeder, Charles J. Whitney, Alden W. DENTAL CORPS Pierce, Charles A., Jr. Schub, Walter J. Thomas, Edwin S., Jr. Wiggins, Raymond John W. Pierson, Robert P. Schuld, Emil P. Thomas, Jon E. Wilcox, Wayne T., Jr. Aldridge, William A. Miller, Missman, Byrnes E. Pittman, Charles W.,Schweer, William W. Thomas, William E. Wiley, Gordon S. Chapman, Judge C. Ashwell, James T. McKinney, Jackson F. Jr. Schwerdt, Harold W. Thompson, Champ Wilhite, Drewery R. Nutting, Edwin Pittman, William R. Scott, Gerald J. Thompson, Guy M., Jr. Williams, Joe W., Jr. Cook, Francis W. B. Edwards, Irwin G. Pruitt, Charles C., Jr. Plate, Douglas C. Scott, Ralph C. Thompson, Harley F. Williams, Thomas H. Fernandez, Sergio Richardson, Glenn D. Plaxco, Moffatt R., Jr. Sctt, William J., 3d Thompson, Harold R., Williams, William A. Flocken, John E. Rubba, Anthony Plumer, Ferdinand J. Scully, Edward C. Jr. Williamson, Thomas Fridley, Harry H. Scherer, George F. Poage, Robert B. Seguin, Robert E. Thompson, Harry M. E., Jr. Hall, J. Kenneth Tande, Syrus E. Porter, Ralph L. Seitz, Eugene W. Thompson, Robert A. Willis, William P., Jr. Harris, Clyde A. Tessman, Clarence C. Porter, Rufus C., Jr. Sellars, Charles W., Jr. Thompson, Robert J. Wilson, James R. Keener, John L. Thomlinson, Chris- Powell, Douglas A., Jr.Senn, Charles C. Thompson, William F.Wimbush, Wilford Losee, Fred L. topher E., Jr. Powell, William W. Sewall, Richard M. Thompson, Wilbert L.Winner, Crawford D. Middleton, Robert A. Wallace, Allen L. Poynter, Drexel E. Shaw, Claude B. Thurman, Robert K. Winslow, Edward H. Manke, Wilbert C. Young, Lawrence Prescott, Winfred R. Shaw-Corthorn, Timmes, Francis X. Wolfe, Richard F. Price, Ogle W., Jr. George Tobin, Louis J. Wood, Stanley A. MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS E. Price, Walter W., Jr. Shear, Harold Tofalo, Francis Woods, Mark W. Dean, Henry T. Handford, Stanley W. Pugh, Paul E. Shearon, Bruce C. Tolivalsa, Homer Woodson, Walter B., Batterson, Hirst, John M. Pugh, William M., 2d Shelton, Sid W. Tomlin, Hollier G. Jr. Frederick E. Perry, William J. Quinn, Frank S., Jr. Shireman, Richard Towle, Barnaby L. Woosley, David G. Cook, Ellsworth B. Trawick, James F. Raht, Adolphus G. H., Jr. Workman, Reginald NURSE CORPS Rainwater, Charles W. Shong, John W. Traynor, Laurence G. L. Rand, Herbert C. Showers, Donald M. Tully, Joseph M., Jr. Wynne, Hal G. Jackson, Wilma L. Seroka, Nell P. Randal, Robert G. Siegel, Paul J. Turner, Carol A. Yeo, Frederick L. King, Thelma A. Todd, C. Edwina Rankin, Robert S. Sigley, Claredon H. Turner, Gaines B. Young, Charles M. For temporary promotion in the Naval Rapp, Jerome A., Jr. Silberstein, Howard J. Turner, Thomas A. Young, William H. Reserve: Rasmussen Jonathan Simmons, Arthur E. Turner, Thomas Zigler, Frederick W. LINE Kendall W. Q Simmons, Uptain, Edgar T. Zook, Dott E., Jr. Aver. Irvin E. Carson. Edwin I. E. Simmons, William E. Rau, Robert MEDICAL CORPS Baggett, Marshall W. Cate, Eugene R. William A. Simonelli, Orazio Rawls, Bond, Sidney D., Jr. Leach, Edwwin M. Bailey, Charles A. Clark, George F. Willia E. Rawson, Arthur F., Jr.Skim, Campbell, Robert M. Mahin, Harrry P. Bailey, Frederick H. Coutts, Charles A. Reagan, Lawrence H. Slater Mervin O. Childs, Donald R. McArtor, J ames R. Baker, Gordon A., Jr. Cresse, Arthur E., Jr. Redding, Lester A. Small, James D. Dickson, Alvis B. Price, Johr J., Jr. Barton, Richard C. Dardis, Thomas S. Reed, Dale C. Smith, Armistead B., Dominey, Joseph B., Rusher, Meerrill W. Bash, Robert D. Darst; Glenn J. L. Jr Reeves, Claude Jr. Spencer, Jaames L., Jr. Basye, Wendell M. Deibler, William H., Jr. Reilly, Robert F. Smith, Charles E. Doolittle, Robert C. Sweeney, E'dwin C. Beaugrand, Robert M. Delaney, Edward J. M. Reinhardt, Charles B. Smith, Ernest P. Faucett, Ralph E. Switzer, R )bert E. Behr, William A. Deneen, Charles S. Reiserer, Russell L. Smith, James W. Goebel, John E. True, Dewi tt 8. Bell, Bruce A. DeVoe, Augustus A, Rice, Harold E. Smith, Leroy P. Hennessy, Thomas G.Vaupel, Ge orge E. Benford, Sidney M. Jr. Rich, Francis E. Smith, Paul B. Holmes, Francis H. Williams, D)avid J., Jr. Berg, Norman E. Dickson, Bernard Richards, Donald C. Berner, George A. Dobbs, Harry C., Jr. Smith, Peter S. SUPPLY CORPS Richey, Gerald S. Smith, Ray F. Birdsong, Charles H., Doherty, Joseph A. Adair, Winston L. Crane, Frasnk E., Jr. Rickabaugh, John M. Smith, Robert E. Jr. Dugan, John R. Anderson, Niels H. Culp, John F., Ricketts, Colin J. Smith, Warren F. III Bishop, Clarence E. Duncan, Frank G. Anderson, Scott K. Dorrance, Siumter Riddick, Gordon M. Soli, Orlan A. E. Black, David A. Edwards, Jack W. Balch, Richard S. Edwards, •Robert B. Rief, Chester P. Sorem, Bernard M. Bolen, Richard E. Elliott, Charles V. Bjorlo, Loyd S. Gantz, Ben jamin S., Bowden, Riley, George B. Sorensen, William Raymond E. Fischer, Louis W. T. Botkin, Dwight M. Jr. Riley, Joseph A. Sorenson, Harry E. Bower, William A. Flaherty, Joseph J. Bradley, Rex A. Graham, Jsack L. Braden, Charles G . Foote, Horace S., Jr. Riley, Richard Spalding, William A., Braun, George J., Jr. Gregg, Willliam B. Buchanan, Robert K., Geisinger, Bruce Riordan, Stephen J. ,Jr. Brogan, James M. Harper, Geeorge W., Jr. Jr. Jr. Sparkman, George, Russell W. John W. Clark, Harold R. Hashagen, Ralph L. Buchanan, Trafton T. Gerdes, Bernard F. Rizza, Joseph P. Jr. Coiner, John S. Hennessy, James L. F. Bufkins, Russell L. Gilman, Leon Roberts, Francis R. Sparks, Robert R. Cook, Paul W. Holt, Robeirt E. Carr, Howard E. Golds, Harold D. Robertson, Wilson B. Spears, Ralph C. Corrick, James A., Jr. Hughes, ThLeodore L. Carson, Edward B. Goldsmith, Arthur CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 725

DENTAL CORPS Caldwell, Earl L., Jr.Craig, Dennis J. Grader, Donald L. Murch, John A. Caldwell, William P. Crandall, Hal R. Gray, David S. Murphy, Henry W. Hohl, Anthony W. Callahan, Earle R. Crawford, Richard N. Greer, Earl M., Jr. McCarthy, Robert H. Parks, Clyde R. Callahan, Thomas D. Crawley, Don E. Guinty, Oscar M. McGovern, James P. Teitel, Allan L. Calnan, Alan S. Creech, Fulton H., Jr. Gustafson, Paul F. McGovern, Lawrence MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS R. Hamilton, George B., H. Camp, Paul D. Cress, William Jr. Mcllvain, John J. Farnsworth, Dean Campoell, Neil V. Criner, James E. Harkins, Paul H. McMahon, Thomas S. The following-named officers of the Navy Campbell, William E.,Cromwell, John P., Jr. D. Jr. Croswell, Edwin G. Hartlein, John, Jr. McMillan, James for permanent promotion to the grade of Campion, Robert F.,Crowder, James P., Jr. Hartmann, William C. McNell. David C. lieutenant (junior grade) in the line and Jr. Crull, William L., 3d Hartnett, John E., Jr. Najarian, Martin A. staff corps indicated, subject to qualifica- A., Jr. Cannon, Robert E. Crum, Arthur Z. Hartwell, Robert W. Neale, Raphael tions therefor as provided by law: J. Neill, James 8., Jr. Cappelen, Albert L.,Cullins, Peter K. Haverty, Philip LINE Jr. Cunningham, Hearn, Ormond E. Nesseler, Richard A. Benja- Dan Norton, John L. Adams, Henry H., Jr. Beck, Stanley L. Capshaw, Leigh R. man H. Heckerman, Garden, Marshal B.,Cunningham, Richard Norman C. Null, George W. Adams, Robert L., Jr.Beck, Stuart M. Heidger, Jr. B. Thomas S. Nyhan, Stanley L. Adler, Robert E. Becker, John I. Heitzberg, Carlus, Robert W. O'Connor, Arthur C. Agule, George J., Jr. Belk, Reece G., Jr. W. Cunnlngham, Melvll Henson, Robert Carlson, Burford A. D. Chester E. Ostapenko, William Ajemian, Andre V. Benedict, Roger W. Herrick, Carlson, Erland N., Jr.Curran, Thomas P. William H. M. Alexander, Henry K.,Berg, Irving G. Hewitt, Carlson, James H. Currie, Edgar L Samuel B. Pace, William A. Jr. Bergesen, Andrew J. Hibbard, Carlton, Paul F. Curtis, Valleau E. G. Palmer, Harold B. Allen, Arnold 0. Bethel, John W. Hilton, Hermon Carmichael, GeorgeCusick, Parsons, Joseph M. Allender, Gene T. Bibby, Lowe H., 3d Joseph D. Hoaster, Victor 8. R., Jr. Dahl, Edmund I. J., Parsons, Samuel G. Alley, Lester L. Bills, Robert S. Hoblitzell, James Carpender, John N. Dallamura, Richard A. Perry, Kempton J. Allison, Cecil J., Jr. Bills, Robert G. II Carpenter, Harry E.,Dallimore, George R. Holleman, James H. Petrie, Benjamin R., Allsman, Robert L. Bingham, Arthur W., Jr. Alsager, Richard H. 3d Jr. Damlani, Benny J., Jr. Home, Sidney L. Carter, Edward W., 3dDanis, Anthony L., Jr. Phillips, Myron D. Alvis, John G. Birdsong, Harold S. Hulbert, Jack W. Carter, Robert B. Danner, William P. Powell, Jesse L. Anderson, Charles L.Biron, Joseph E. Hume, David Casale, Salvatore A. Darling, Roderick J. Privott, William S. R. Bish, Arthur A. Jenkins, Arthur L. Caskey, Donald L. Daugherty, Dean D. Puhr, Francis P. Anderson, George H. Bjorke, Arnvid N. Johnson, Jack O. Caswell, Frederic C.,Davey, Richard B. E, Anderson, Leonard J.,Black, Donald L. Johnston, Thomas M. Quillman, Thomas Jr. Davidson, Robert L. Jones, Darrell M. Jr. Jr. Blair, Donald S., Jr. Anderson, Norris O., Blaze, William F. Catalano, Lee C. Davis, Jay K. Jurewicz, Emil L. Randall, John A., Jr. Cauffman, Charles E. Davis, Robert H., Jr. Kadel, Joseph B., Jr. Ratajkowski, Joseph Jr. Blemker, Berrien B. Anderson, Richard A. Boakes, William H. Cericola, Michael P. Day, Lloyd P. Kane, John E. T. Chachere, Robert E. Dean, Kenneth L. Anderson, Stanley J. Bobbitt, Charles P., Jr. Kellogg, Norman D. Ray, William D. Chamberlain, John Dean, Richard W. Kenney, Lawrence F. Reese, Donald A. Anderson, William J.,Bobo, Charles D. 3d Bobo, Stephen N., Jr. Chambers, William A.Decook, David W. Kimbrough, William Roberts, Edward N. G. Deemer, Reed E. Andrew, Neil H. Bohlander, James W. Chapin, Howard H. Rockwell, George L. O. Degnan, Francis J. Angle, Herbert G., Jr.Bolt, Leland E. Charles, William Kline, Walter R. Rohowits, Gerald M. Chertavlan, Armen Deniston, Lyle E. Ansel, Willits Booher, James Kohr, Andrew E. Rope, Robert B., Jr. Chesser, Samuel L. Dennis, Frank S. Antar, Albert Boone, Robert Kopf, Jack, Jr. Saltmarsh, Ernest O. R. Childers, Donald J. Dennis, John C. Applegarth, SamuelBorgaard, John K. Krogh, Evan L. Sandvigen, Ralph E. Childs, John T. DeNoon, Joseph H. H., Jr. Lang, Donald A. Sautter, Frederick R. Bottlmore, Robert R., Childs, Richard V. DePuy, Newell E., Jr. Ardell, George G. Jr. Lasser, Warren R. Schroder, William T. Chilton, Ralph E. Derby, George K. Armstrong, John E. Bowen, Laughton, Armine W. Schwab, John W. Albert S., 3d Christensen, Earl D. Derleth, Harley R. Lena, Thomas H. Seaman, Donald P. Arm, Robert W. Bowen, Jack W. Christenson, DonaldDesrosiers, Roland J. Lewis, John R. Senft, David V. Arnold, Henry C., Jr. Bowling, William H. A. Dewey, William C. Arst, Philip L. Boyce, James E. Lohman, Robert W. Shapiro, Joseph K. Church, Archer E., Jr.Dewing, Jay N. Long, Ralph W. Smith, James L. Ash, Homer L. Boyd, Joseph M., Jr. Church, George A. Deyak, John J. Ashurst, Albert J. Boyd, Marion S., Jr. Long, Richard L. Smith, Roy C., III Church, John H. Dickson, Albert M., Jr. Lowe, Richard B. Sneath, Samuel B., Jr. Ashworth, Edgar M.,Boyes, William W., Jr. Clary, Robert M. Diers, Charles E. Jr. Luddy, John P. Sorensen, Jay H. Boyle, Richard C. Clausner. Edward, Jr.Dietrlch, Henry T., Jr. Macauley, Douglas H. Sprowls, Paul H. Asmus, Paul A. Bradley, Robert R. Clemens, Robert F. Divendorff, Frank Aston, William J. Brady, Allen C. MacLeod, James J. Strong, Charles E. Clifford, Guy C. Dillon, Percy M., Jr. Maddox, Richard I. Teller, Henry D. Attebury, William H. Bramblett, John J., Jr. Coale, William A. Dion, Paul L. Martin, Robert W. Thoeny, Richard F. Austin, William M., Jr.Branch, Alvin D. Cobern, Ernest L. Dlttmar, Louis O. Masenich, Jay R. Thomas, Edwin O. Ayer, Lloyd M. Breedlove, James E., Cochran, Sidney A.,Dixon, Robert G. Jr. Melde, Karl F. Truesdale, Francis S. Bachem, Douglas F. Jr. Dobbins, John B., Jr. Bachtold, James R. Melvin, Charles S. Tucker, Victor L. Breen, Matthew J. Cochrane, John C., Jr.Dodd, Charles A. Miller, Charles E. VanMater, George C. Bacon, James A. Bres, John H. Cohoon, James D. Doering, Eugene R. Miller, Elmon A., Jr. Waldman, Joseph R. Bagot, William C . Brettschneider, Carl A. Coleman, Robert I., Jr.Doggett, Burton L., Jr. Miller, Malcolm G. West, Fred R. Bailey, Richard L. Brewer, Glenn M. Coleman, William O.,Donnelly, John D. Baker, Mioducki, Edward L. Wheeler, Howard E. Alfred W. Broadwell, Edward A. Jr. Dorman, Charles T. C., Jr. Whitaker, William B. Baker, James E. Jr. Brobst, William A. Colenda, Herbert P. Downs, David L. Mitchell, Sam W. White, Ralph C. Bakke, Harlan J. Brodle, Robert, 3d Collins, Andrew M. Draving, Robert K. Balderson, Robert P. Brogan, Robert C. Mobler, Robert J. Williams, Henry P. Collins, Charles H. Drew, Roger L. Baldwin, Robert A. Brooks, George Montgomery, Baa- Wolfe, Donald P. G. Collins, Thomas J. Driver, Sam N. Ball, comb Wood, Edward E. George L. Brown, Arnold B., Jr. Comella, Joseph F. Druckenmiller, Robert Moore, James M. Wright, Albert C. Ballard, Charles R. Brown, Peter G. Compton, Bryan W., E. Barbazette, William F.Brumley, Robert J. Mosler, David W. York, Charles W. Jr. Duane, Rodman F. Barlow, Robert M. Bryan, Gordon R., Jr. MEDICAL CORPS Condon, Edward J., Jr.Ducharme, Theodore Barnard, John H. Buck, John A. Conlon, Frank S. M., Jr. Maxwell, Joseph A. Barnes, Clifford P. Buckley, George F. Cooper, James H. Duemler, Louis P. Marvin D. SUPPLY CORPS Barnes, James P. Bukowitz, Cooper, Lawrence T. Duke, Marvin L. Barnes, Wallace R. Burbank, Donald D. Corbett, Howard R. Dungan, John D. Carson, Charles G. Gary, Fred B. Barnett, Howard J. Burbank, Ronald E. Crowl, William F., II Hahn, William H. Cornelius, Winston W.Dunham, Richard M. Barney, Glenn P. Burch, Walter D. Robert P. EeWilde, John B. Wikoff, David E. Cornick, Robert P. Dunn, Barrett, Patrick J. Burgess, Wallace A. H.,Dunn, Robert J. French, Lawrence H. Cornish, Edward Bartholomew, John L.Burke, Arthur J. Jr. Dunne, Francis X. CHAPLAIN CORPS Barunas, George A., Jr.Burkhalter, Edward Cornwell, Robert R. Duttweller, Charles Cunningham, BernardKerrigan, Dennis R. Bassett, Govert L. A., Jr. Corwen, Albert S. Duvall, John S., 4th V. Lindner, Newell Bates, Cullen F., Jr. Burnett, James A. Costa, William J. Dwyer, Laurence A. Bauer, Edward C. Burns, Thomas S. Doyle, James J. May, Lynde E., III Cotter, Charles L. Dyer, Philip M. Finan, Arthur P. Robinson, Charles B. Baxter, Robert C. Burton, Herbert O. Beasley, James W. Busse, Norman W. Coughlin, Daniel F.,Earl, William C. Henrich, Rudolph M. Walsh, Romuald J. Robert C., Jr. Beates, James K. Butts, John L. Jr. East, CIVIL ENGINEER CORPS Beattie, Donald A. Buzzell,.Carlis W., Jr. Coulter, George P. Easterling, Crawford Brandt, John N. Hiegel, James A. Beattie, Thomas T., Jr.Byrd, Paul R. Cowan, Thomas S., A. Brown, Lamonte R. Lawrence, Thad B. Beck, Donald M. Caine, Patrick R. Jr. Eckert, Richard H. 726 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25

Eckstein, John R. Gilmore, William G. Hines, Gulmer A., Jr.Kilmer, Donald A. Malady, John C. Montgomery, Graden Eden, Harold E. Ginder, Samuel P., Jr. Hitchner, Alton J., Jr. King, Cecil Malone, Roy W. L. Edris, Richard J. Gleason, George L. Hobbs, Harold W., Jr.Kinney, Donald P. Maloney, Andrew Moore, Loren I. Edwards, William B. Gnos, Kenneth R. Hobbs, James B. Kirchner, David P. Maloney, Francis H., Moore, William P. Elfelt, James S. Godfrey, James T. Hoddeson, Bernard Kirk, John J. Jr. Moore, Wllmot H. Ellison, David J. Goebel, Herman E., Jr. Hodnett, Robert A. Klett, George J. Mangas, Darrel L. Mooshagian, Madieros Elmore, Charles P. Goelzer, Henry C. Hoffman, James P. Knutson, Donald W. Manlon, Donald S. Morehead, Ralph C. Englehart, Harry J. Goers, Ralph W. Hoffmann, Carl K., 2d Kocher, William L. Marangiello, Daniel A. Morellato, Teo J. Entstrasser, John J., Gold, Robert H. Hofmockel, John L. Koehler, Herman J., 3d Marin, William T. Moriarty, John B., Jr. Jr. Goldman, Elmer M. Holbrook, Hilliard B., Kollmorgen, Leland S. Markey, George M., Jr. Morledge, George A. Erb, Donald P. Gombash, William, Jr. 2d Koluch, Nicholas Markusfeld, Lionel Morris, Donald R. Ericson, James K. Goslow, Paul Holland, Alfred D. Kondzella, Frederick Marshall, Clifford L. Morris, Howard L. Estes, Dana, 2d Gottschalk, Arthur Holland, James S. J. Martin, Donald C. Morrow, Charles D. Etchison, Frank L., W., Jr. Holler, Edward R. Koone, Doyle D. Martin, Sam T., Jr. Mosley, Aulcey D. Jr. Goulds, Ralph J. Holloway, Floyd, Jr. Kosonen, Charles G. Mathers, William G. Most, Frank S. Evans, Carl F. Govan, George W. Holman, Donald R. Kozel, William J. Matheson, Ralph E. Mow, Douglas P. Evans, Daniel H., Jr. Grace, Homer J. Holmes, Kenneth L, Kremm, Andrian Mathews, Herbert J. Moyer, Donald R. Evans, George J. Grandfield, Francis J., Holt, Henry E. Kruse, John W., Jr. Matousek, Raymond Mueller, George E. Evans, John J. Jr. Hood, Wayne M. Kuhn, Edwin A. Mattioni, Blasco Mullen, Roger P. Evans, Willard E. Grant, John T. Hooper, Ralph W. Kump, Lon R. Maxson, Richard B. Mullin, James Ewanowski, Stanley J. Granum, Bradford S. Hoover, Richard M. Kuzia, Jack R., Jr. May, Porter E. Muros, Ralph L. Fadeley, Edward N. Grasberg, Alexander Hossfeld, James F. Lachowicz, Michael R. Maynard, Donald J. Murphy, Charles H. Farmer, Peter A. Graves, Harold M., Jr. Hounihan, John C. Laco, Thomas McAlexander, Robert Murray, Douglas V. Farnham, Rob R. Graves. Thomas E. Hovater, James D. Lacy, James E. L. Murray, Robert W. Farrell, John R. Greason, David M. Howell, Rogers G. Laighton, Robert H. McBurney, William J. Muto, Charles J. Fasulo, Robert P. Greathouse, David M. Huber, Henry A. Lake, Charles M., Jr. McCarthy, Frank J. Myers, Clark G. Feazell, Dale H. Green, John N. Huffman, Robert B. Lamb, Derwin T. McCarthy, Francis X. Myers, Ralph T. Feldhausen, Eugene J.Green, Robert E. Hughes, Andrew A.,LaMontagne, Robert P. McCormick, Matthew Myers, William B. Feldheim, Robert J. Greene, Frank F. Jr. Lancaster, James R. A. Nagle, Robert O. Fick, William G, Jr. Grey, Richard G. Hughes, Peter F. H. Landefeld, Emil E. McCoy, Robert B. Nattel, Adolph M. Findley, Allen Griest, Richard A. Hunter, Charles W. Lane, Thomas B. McCune, Howard W. Naylor, Charles K. Fithian, Peter S. Grifferty, Thomas F. Huszar, Louis, Jr. Langenberg, William McDonough, William Neff, Richmond B., Jr. Fitzgerald, James J. Griffin, Jack R. Hutchins, Christopher H. D., Jr. Neiheisel, James Fitzgibbons, Joseph Griffin, Richard N. T., Jr. Larson, Charles D. McElroy, William J. Nelson, Eric A., Jr. G., Jr. Grimm, Arthur R. Jr. Huyette, Carl W., Jr.Latimer,Samuel E., Jr. McFadden, Grafton R Ness, James W. Fitzpatrick, Joseph A. Gumkowski, Thad- lacona, Michael A. Laubach, John P. McGavack, John, Jr. Nevius, William B. Fletcher, Charles D. deus R. Ingram, John W. Lauff, John G. McGeachy, Francis L. Newton, Jefferson F. Foley, James E. Hackett, Robert A. Inman, Richard P. Lautermilch, Paul A, McGehrin, Edward P., Nile, Samuel H. Fontaine, Richard K. Haff, William B. Irby, Charles R. Jr. Jr. Nix, Henry B. Forrester, James E. Hall, Harrell W., Jr. Ismay, Arthur P. Lawrence. William P.' McGlohn, Robin H., Noonan, Patrick A. Forsyth, Robert J. Halleck, William L. Jacks, Robert G. Lawson, Clifton E. R. Jr. North, Sylvester F. Possum, Robert R. Hallett, Frederick H. Jackson, Howard L. Leach, Everett N. McGonigle, John R. Noyes, Russell L., Jr. Foster, Robert W. Halwax, Frank K. James, David L. Leach, Ralph W., Jr. McGuire, Eugene J. Nunneley, John K. Foster, William F. Hamilton, John W. Jarvies, John E. Leahy, John P. McIntosh, Charles D. Nyce, William E. Fowler, John R. Hamilton, James E, Jarvis, Donald H. LeCount, Peter L. McKee, Kinnaird R. O'Brien, Henry J. Fox, Kenneth Jr. Jaworowski, ThomasLedbetter, Jack W. McKendre, Earl E., Jr. O'Brien, Richard A. Maurice Fox, Paul F. Hamlin, Richard J. R. Leenay, McKenney, Thomas W. O'Gara, Patrick E. Frame, Edward L. Hand, Charles T. Jenkins, Norman L. Lehan, James E. McKeon, Richard D. O'Hara, Jack F. Francis, John P. Handley, John A. Jensen, Robert W. Leibold, William R; McKinney, William M. O'Kane, Albert E., Jr. S, 3d Leiser, James M. Francis, Thomas A. Hannah, Richard G. Jett, William McLaughlin, Leo A. Olnhausen, Thomas Johns, Forrest R. Leppin, William F., Jr. Franke, Richard D. Hansen, Allen E. McLaughlin, Robert F. R. Freeborough, Robert Hansen, David F. Johnson, Alfred W.,Leslie, Maxwell F., Jr. McLay, James L. Olsen, Ralph D. Jr. Levenson, Lewis M. M. Hansen, Merle C. McNalIen, James B. Olson, Alexius B. Johnson, Alien B. Levisee, Donald B. Freeman, Warren R. Harnden, Charles G. McNaught, Earl D. Olson, Paul D. Johnson, Cecil B. Lewallen, John D. Fremd, Harry L. Harper, Boyd E., Jr. McNerney, James P. Olson, Willard R. Johnson, Jay A. Lewis, James R. Fricke, Henry G. Harper, Lorren G. McQueston, Jack E. O'Malley, William E., Friedman, Arthur C. Hart, Donald F. Johnson, Jeremy E. Lewis, Roger P. Jr. Johnson, Joseph J. Liberato, Frank A. McQuillin, John P. Friend, Joseph F. Hart, William D. McRae, Daniel D. Orem, John B., Jr. Johnson, Robert M. Libey, John D. Frost, William L. Hartell, Ronald D. Meade, Bruce A. O'Rourke, Melrose B., Johnston, Bayard W. Light, John L. Fry, James W. Harvey, William T. Meader, Bruce I. Jr. Hatchett, George L. Johnston, Lawrence L. Lilienfeld, Joe J. Fuchs, Julius E. Meagher, Edward Osborn, Donald R. Albert R. Johnston, William A.,Lindblad, William J. Fuchs, Stanley Haugerud, Medcalf, Gene F. Donald R., 3d Linder, Richard B., Jr. Osbourne, Fuller, Joe E. Hauser, Robert J., Jr. Meeks, Robert B., Jr. I Johnstone, Richard A.Lindgren, Charles P. Fuller, Robert B. Hay, Robert W. Mehl, James P. O'Toole, Kevin J. Funkhouser, William Hayden, Glenn M. Jones, Arthur D., Jr. Lindsay, John D. Melchers, Arthur C. Overdorf, Thomas R. Hayes, Murray L. Jones, Arthur W. Lindsley, Edward G. H. Melesko, Stephen, Jr. Owen, Robert A. Furtek, Adolph J. Hayes, Winston R. Jones, Carol W. Lindstrom, Roland N. Meltzer, Harvey J. Paddock, Charles O. Howard W. Haynsworth, Donald Jones, Charles A. Liston, John M. Gaines, Mench, Leland E. Padgett, James P. Gale, Robert D. D. Jones, David L., Jr. Livas, Basil L. Mendenhall, Charles D. Palmer, Allan V. Galing, Searcy G. Head, John L. Jones, Ray P. Livingston, Richard C. Mercer, Robert J. Panciera, Vincent W. Gallagher, Paul A. Hearn, Gerald D. Jones, Samuel O., Jr. Lloyd, James L. Merritt, Glen C. Papuga, John P. Gamber, Harold W. Heberer, Earl G., Jr. Katzenmeyer, WilliamLockhart, Glenn S. Meschke, Karl W. Parker, John G. Gambke, Frederick C. Hedrlck, William B. SG. Loesch, Robert C. Metcalf, Joseph, 3d Parks, William Gangloff, Charles A. Heffernan, William D. Kaufman, Frederick Long, Thomas P., Jr. W. Middleton, Clyde W. Parler, Gardner, Richmond Heigl, John T., Jr. . H. Longhi, William J. William C. Mikkelsen, Richard E. Patch, Irwin, Garner, Charles H. Heneberger, Harry B, Kaulback, Russell D. Look, Durmond K. M. Jr. Miller, Albert E., 3d Garnett, Donald I. Jr. Keach, Donald L. Loomer, Arthur R. Patten, Michael A. Miller, Garrard, Frank U., 3d Henkels, Paul L. Keathley, Charles C. Love, Henry H., Jr. Carl M. Patterson, William Garrett, Bernard H. Hennessy, William J.. Keegan, Richard J. Lowe, Beverley J. Miller, Donald A. W., Jr. Miller, Garrett, Charles I., Jr.Henrikson, Theodore Kelly, Lawrence J. Lowe, George N. Forrest A. Peacock, Clifford L. Gauldin, Homer C., P. Kelahan, John A. Lowell, William L. Miller, James Peak, Duane E, Jr. Heon, Robert H. Keleher, Lloyd F. Luine, Arthur Miller, James P. Pearlston, Carl B., Jr. Gebhardt, Robert E. Herbert, Robert J. Keller, Kenneth C. Lukas, Thomas E. Miller, Robert L. Peck, Edwin C. Minnigerode, Geiger, Eugene D. Herdy, Herschel H., Jr. Kelley, James P. Lukens, Joseph T. John Peeler, Philip L. Genshelmer, David E. Herndon, William J., Kemble, John R. Lutz, Ray M. H. B. Pegues, John K., Jr. George, James F. Jr. Kenefick, John M. Macaulay, Angus Mitchell, Thomas S. Pendell, Carl R. Gergel, John W. Hibson, Leo A., Jr. Kennedy, Nevin, 3d MacauleyGeorge W. Moffitt, Russell L. Pendl, Robert D. Gifford, Brewster J. Hiehle, Frank G., Jr. Kenning, Robert L. Macfe, Richard B. Moffitt, Thomas P. Perlitz, Warner J., Jr. Gllchrist, John F., 2d Hieronimus, Henry M. Kerts, Jacob D. Mack, Robert P. Molleston, Jerald G. Perry, Charlie A. Gillen, Thomas W. Higgs, Donald R. Kessing, Charles T. Madden, Raymond A. Mongrain, Richard O. Peterson, Clarence D. Glllesple, Charles R., Highleyman, Searle F. Kieler, Harold E. Madeira, Edward L. Montague, Pendleton Peterson, Jimmie G. Jr. Hightower, Emmett S. Kilburg, Richard F. Maice, Lee, Jr. R. Peterson, John C. 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 727 Snowe, Theodore E. Uhrig, William R. Williams, Gordon D. Gaches, John W. Peterson, Lloyd G., Jr. Rothmann, Warren W. L. Solterer, Carl F. Ulmark, William A. Williams, Richard S. Higginbotham, Leo- Peterson, Richard E. Rough, Jimmie Sommer, Donald J. Updegraph, John M., Williams, Ross N. nard H. Pettigrew, Raymond Rowland, Edgar C., Jr. Soracco, David L. Jr. Williamson, Lee F. Kinsley, Donald T. A. Rowley, Reginald C. Stader, John F. Urban. Frank M. Willings, Thomas H., Morris, Everett L., Jr. Peugh, Everett R. Rue, Harland J., 2d R. Stafford, Richard M. Utterback, Paul W. Jr. Novak, Russell S. pfeiff, Robert L. Rugg, William 2d Stake, Robert E. Vail, Harold W. Willis, Francis R. Paulk, Joseph M. pheasant, Alan G. Ruggles, Howard E., F. Stallings, Alfred K. Vandernaillen, Ralph Willis, John H., Jr. Peters, Robert E. Phillips, Alan R. Rush, Thornwell F. Stamey, Claude R., Jr. E., Jr. Wills, Donald S. Pittman, Jack R. Phillips, Harry E. Rushing, Charles E. Stanley, Richard M. VanHook, Gordan Wilson, Herbert E., Porter, Orland A., Jr. phillips, William R. Russ, Jack Stark, John A. Veenstra, Richard J. Jr. Rose, James A. Phillips, William E. Ryerson, Rogers P. D. Starn, Harrison, F., Jr. Vercellotti, Joseph F. Wilson, Joseph R. Rylee, James E. piette, Robert J. Safford, Robert Steltzer, Wilbur N., Jr. Villines, William M., R. Schubert, Leslie H., pinning, Joseph E. Sager, Stanley C. Wilson, Sheldon Stenke, George Jr. Piraino, Daniel Salewski, Benno W. Wilson, Warren R. Jr. Stewart, Henry L., Jr. Voegelein, Gordon Plache, Robert J. Salin, Robert S. R. Winberg, William, 3d Schultz, John L., Jr. G. Stewart, Rodney L. Von Christierson, Pogue, David W. Sandberg, William Wil- Winkles, Paul F. Schwarz, Ira N. R. Stleren, Oliver B., Jr. liam W. James A. Smyth, James M. Porter, William P. Sarosdy, Louis Winnefeld, Still, Donald A. Vonier, William H. C. O. Stewart, Merle A., Jr. pototsky, William J. Sasseen, Kenneth D. Wobser, Donald Stiller, Bertram H. Von Readen, Harold Edward H. Waggoner, Kenneth K. Fowelson, Richard R. Sassone, Charles H., Jr. Wood, A. Stine, Leon L., Jr. W., Jr. Woodbury, John L., Jr. Wenzel, Robert F. powers, William L., Savoca, Joseph St. Lawrence, William Vrieze, E. Jr. Saylor, Eugene H. Edwin H., 3d Woolwlne, Emmon II., Wllber, Walter Jr. P., Jr. Wachenfeld, Jr. Wilson, Clarence E. powers, Wilbur P. Schack, Edwin H., Howard St. Marie, Joseph Joan F. Pramann, Robert F. Schaefer, Erhard G. Wright, Harry W. Adams, Stockdale, Lowell A. prelogar, Archie E. Schaeffer, David A. Waddel, Robert C. Wright, Richard L. Arenth, Rosemary D. Stocking, Donald E. prescott, Robert Scherb, Carl F. Wade, Donald R. Wunderllch, Robert Barnett, Mary M. Stockman, Charles J., Wageck, William H., Schindler, Fred L. Donald R. M. Beecher, Nancy L. Pressly, R. Jr. Jr. Schleiger, Richard Wagle, William E. Wylie, David C. Bittrolff, Margaret F.. Stoddart, James G. Proctor, Donald K. Schoettle, Harry J. Wakelee, David M. Wynkoop, Thomas E. Brenner, Marion C. J. Stodder, Page W. T. Wales, Hillewy N. Pugh, David M. Schuller, Gordon John R. Yarwood, William R. Carpenter, J. E. Stoehr, Leonard A. Walker, Benjamin Jean O. purse, William B., Jr. Schultz, Ford S. Yeager, George E. Casanova, Stone, Jeff H. Walker, Connors, Mary T. Putnam, John G., Jr. Schutz, Walter J. Frank A., Jr. Yeomans, Franz S. Justin Scott, James T. Stornetta, Wakefield Walker, William H. Yoran, George F., Jr. Forsman, Louise E. G. Quackenbush, S. M. L. Scull, John D. Wall, Joe A. Young, Noel S. Grieve, Nellie M. R. Story, Travis L., Jr. Wallace, Hart, Elizabeth Quinton, Paul T. Sears, Glen Charles J. Young, Robert A. Stothard, Ralph B. Quitmeyer, Herman Sease, Hugh S., Jr. Walsh, Engene J. Younglove, Benny A. Hodges, George Seay, Wesley H., Jr. Strawmire, John R. Walston, Donald E. Youngman, Dean R. Jacobson, Mitzie L. Strelghtiff, Charles W. Wandres, Kuhnle, Sibyl L. Radford, Grant N. Segur, Donald L. Victor C. Yourison, James E. Radja, JamesE Selfors, Henry J. Strella, George G. Ward, Arthur T. Zerda, Kenneth V. McNair, Diana Raison, Robert M. Semmes, Oliver J., 3d Strode, Charles D. Ward, Thomas M., Jr. Ziemba, John C. Moore, Mary V. Raithel, Albert L., Jr. Seward, John A., Jr. Strohm, James J. Ware, Owen Camille Ralthel, Albert L, Jr. H. Zoehrer, Herbert A. O'Connel, R. Stump. John S. Warriner, D. B. Ramsey, Walter A. Sexauer, Charles David D. Zwart, Robert L. Panoff, Kathleen Rapp, Fred L. Shabe, Gerard P. Stump, John M. Washenfelder, Leroy Barrett, Charles W. Patch, Frances M. Guy H. B. Raulston, James W. Shaffer, Sullivan, Donald F. Wasilewski, Alex, Jr. Chapman, Howard M.,Sheffels, Mary E. Shaid, Robert A. Jr Sullivan, Joseph L., Jr.Wassell, James W. Jr. Shera, Suzanne S. Summers, David L. Waterfield, Willard Ethel R. K. Rawley, William J., Jr. Shamsky, Burton F. Cook, Carroll T.' Small, Ray, D.Arliss Shanahan, Thomas L. Sundry, Arthur P. Waterhouse, Charles Duffy, Charles G., Jr.Spiegel, Helen I. Ray, Arllss D. Sharpe, James R. Surman, P. Sharp, essy . William V., N., Jr. Durham, Homer G. Summers, Doris E. Rdesinski, Maurice Jr. Garlin R. WilliShaughnessy,m Watson, Donald A. Eells, Gerdin D. Thompson, Bobbie J. Read, Swank, Donald Shaver, Frank T. E. Watson, Thomas W. Erhart, James W. Wallace, Myra Reagan, Patrick H. Swart, Robert L., Jr. Watts, Charles ., Jr. Oliver A., Jr.Shave rak T. Feldman, Harry G. Webster, Ann E. Reardon, Sweeney, Raymond J. Wear, James H. Peter S. Fenton, Robert E. Whitfield, Ruth V. Reaves, Joseph C. Shear Tallet, Arthur Richard A. Shearer, Peter S. J. Weaver, Earl J. Fitzpatrick William A. Whitgrove, Eleanor A. Reckert, Taylor, Charles M. Webb, Sheely, Donald M. James . Redfield, John M. Claude J. Webb, James R. SUPPLY CORPS Reed, John G. Sheffield, John W., Jr. Tetrick, Thomas, Gerald E. Webster James E. Abbey, Alfred E. Hendershot, Theodore Robert . Shepard, Clayton V. Reed, Thomas, dJohnK. Weeks, Robert H. E. R. John E Sheppard, Robert L., Abraham, Donavon Reeder, Thomas, Preston G. Weidenkopf, David W. Armitage, Thomas K. Ingle, John H., Jr. Reedy, anel M. Jr. Reid, Albert R. Sherman, Peter W. Thomas, Richard T. Wenbaum, Bennett Baker, Clovis M. Innes, Robert E. Thompson, Archibald Weisheit, Burton A. Barrett, Roger F. Jackson, Alexander, 3d 3d Sherman, Roy B. Thompson, Archibald Welch, Clyde R. Reid, Thorburn, 8. Welch, Clyde R. Barton, Gerald James, Billy M. Reilly, Kevin P. Sherwood, John G. Thompson David A. Welch, William E. Bartuska, Anthony J. Johnson, Jack G. Reiss, Robert M. Shimer, Melvin G. Thompson, Robert M. Wellner, Robert F. A. Kerwath, Richard C. F. Reitmeyer, Clayton B. Shiver, James K. Thompson Robert M. Boyce, Thomas William S. Wettroth, John R. Boyd, David T. King, Gerald H. Rentz, Frank L., Jr. Shores, Robert M., Jr. Thompson, William J. Wheeler, Peter B. A., Jr. King, Rufus M. Reynolds, Roy S. Shrine, Bertram, Jr. Thompson, Bray, Joseph O. Whelchel, Henry C., W. Kiplinger, Willet B. Rhoad, Merritt N., Jr. Shuler Robert L Thomson, William Bruch, Herbert Newton S. Kirms, Frederick O. Richard, Donald E. Shutty, Michael S. Thornton, Raymond Jr. Burley, Whistler, Ralph N., Jr. Howard M. Kneece, James F., Jr. Richard, Harold G. Sigmon, Harold F. H. Camfield, F., Whitaker, Robert M. Allen F. Kohler, John A. Richardson, Silver, Robert C. Thrasher, Milton Chapman, Arthur C. S. Koller, Bertil R. Richard H. Silvestrini, Reno J. 2d White, Chapman, Darrell C. Koonce, Calvin B. Richardson, John A. Simmons, Edgar H. Tillotson, Ted K. White, Douglas Clark, Laurence E. John E. Leighty, Gary C. Richardson, Robert L.Simonds, Milton R. Tillson, John G. White, Covey, Richard L. Kenneth M., Jr. Lesh, Franklin J. Rigsbee, Clifford M. Sims, Clifford M., Jr. Tillson, Roger W., Jr.Whitehouse, Daniel, John Rilling, Alexander W. Sinclair, Alexander M. Toal, James F. R. Day, Jack R. Lewis, Alan G. Robertson, Douglas B.Sinclair, George T., Jr. Tobias, Ralph W. Whitman, George W. Dowdey, James E. Lewis, John B. Little, Wilfred R. Robinson, Donald G. Skiles, Frank C., Jr. Tollefson, Norris M. Whitner, William C., Dreese, Richard N. Jr. Skolaut, Paul L. Tollefson, Charles H. 3d Dunlevy, John H. Malkemes, Robert P. Robinson, Gray S. Slusher, David L. Tomb, Paul D. Whittemore, Frederick Ellis, Anthony T., Jr. Mawhorter, Richard J. Robinson, Robert B. Small, Robert H. Tomsky, Jackson M. H. Folli, Arthur C. Maxwell, Paul M. Roche, Clinton E. Smedberg, William R., Tonkin, Norman M. Whyte, Kent E. French, Walter H., Jr .McKenzie, Charles H. Rockwell, Nevin L. IV Trafzer, William H. Wiita, Richard A. Ghostley, Gary D. Mitchell, William F. Rockwell, Richard F. Smellie, Rex D. Traub, Charles, 3d Wilcox, James C. Ghysels, David G. Mulder, John R. Rockwood, Jerry R. Smeltzer, John L., Jr. Treadwell, Lawrence Wilkerson, Miles R. Gillette, Claude G., Jr .Murphy, Donal J. Rogers, James O. Smith, David D. P., Jr. Wilklns, Robert C. Gordon, Donald B. Murphy, Wilford K. Rogers, Richard J. Smith, Douglas J. Treat, Charles W. Wilkinson, Raymond Grant, Howard M. Nalley, John V. Rogers, Robert P. Smith, James D, Trens, Mike J. 0. Guillo, Louis S. Naughtin, John D. Rosati, Joseph Smith, Lester R. Tressler, Arthur G. Williams, Allen D. Hale, Paul A., Jr. Nehez, James R., Jr. Rose, Jerry H. Smith, Robert G. Trout, Thomas W. Williams, Alfred J. Hannah, Joseph L. Nelson, George W. Rose, Roy W. Smith, Wilbur E. Turnipseed, Elton G., Williams, Charles D. Hassenplug, John F. Niehaus, Robert J. Rosenberger, John E.Smith, William A., Jr. Jr. Williams, Charles K. Hauser, Derrell B. Olson, Douglas J. Rosendale, Robert H. Smith, William F. Tuzo, Paul B., 3d Williams, Gerald P. Hedrich, Richard H. Patterson, James S. 728 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25

Praeger, John R. Todd, Alexander W., Osborne, Leah V. Spence, Ruth G. Waldemar P. A. Wendt Martin A. Shellabarger Reade, Lowell A. Jr. Osborne, Loah G. Spencer, Golda R. Edwin S. Miller Charles E. Loughlin Reed, Clarence E. Tracy, John J., Jr. Pampush, Ruth G. Stahr, Delores L. Ward F. Hardman Otto W. Spahr, Jr. Rice, Charles E. Ulrich, Eugene A. Parent, Shirley M. Steele, Mary L. Norman W. Gambling Hugh R. McKibbin Rixey, Charles W. Umstead, Walter W., Piper, Jeannette M. Sterling, Elinor B. Willard R. Laughon Lemuel M. Stevens, Jr. Samuelson, Charles H. Jr. Pope, Elizabeth Stock, Iris M. Ralph L. Shifley Edward E. Shelby Schofield, John S., 3dUrban, Robert Rigsby, Helen M. Stratton, Rosalind C. Kenneth Loveland Hugh R. Awtrey Shinn, Leonard M. Van Order, Matthew H. Ristau, Nancy M. Taylor, Mazie C. James B. Burrow James O. Cobb Short, Jack L. Walsh, Andrew J. Ritchey, Helen G. Tomac, Dorothy A. Charles E. Robertson James B. Grady Slattery, Hugh M. Walsh, John E. Roberts, Mary Y. Urban, Myrtle E. James G. Franklin Ralph M. Pray Smith, Herbert R. Ward, Allen C. Rundstrom, Frances Vanatta, Rose L. Enrlque D. Haskins Merrill K. Clementson Smith, James D. Ward, Maxwell G., Jr. E. Van Cleave, Patricia John A. Tyree, Jr. Kenneth S. Shook Snyder, Rembrandt B.Webb, George H. Saavedra, Berta M. J. Wallace A. Sherrill Charles T. Fritter Speckman, Herman G. White, George H. Scarcello, Julia E. Venishnick, Anna E. Elmer H. Conklin Bernard M. Strean Stouder, Robert P. Young, Bruce C. Shields, Dorothy J. Walter, Anna L. Carter L. Bennett Frank M. Slater Allison, Elizabet L. Stratton, Dene B. Simmons, Dorothy L.White, Dorothy A. Julian S. Hatcher, Jr. Thomas A. Christoph. Stroup, Floyd O. Cook, Clair Skaggs, Elizabeth S. Wienczek, Clara P. Hayden L. Leon er Sullivan, John P. Tomljanovich, Marl- Skrinak, Margaret M. Wilson, Adeline M. Theodore R. Vogeley Joseph I. Manning Thrutchley, William E. anne E. Sossamon, Willie M. Zimmerman, Nancy Gilbert L. Country- George K. Hudson CIVIL ENGINEER CORPS Spears, Lola G. V. man Harold P. Crist Biederman, Richard J. Martin, Robert A. The following-named officers of the Navy John S. Coye, Jr. Robert W. Leach Bodtke, David H. Otis, George L., Jr. for permanent appointment to the grades Arthur M. Blamphin Ray Davis Courtright, Carl Roth, Charles J., Jr. indicated: Michael J. Luosey Carl Tiedeman Davis, Walter E., Jr. Stevens, Warren G. REAR ADMIRAL, LINE Albert L. Shepherd Paul Masterton DeGroot, Ward W., 3d Turci, George P. Robert L. Campbell, Thomas C. Ragan Earnest G. Campbell George H. Miller Jones, Robert L. Whelan, James A. Jr. Robert Goldthwaite James H. Fortune, Jr. Robert A. Macpherson MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS Ralph E. Wilson Wallis F. Petersen Frederick H. Wahlig John T. Blackburn Elmer E. Yeomans Ira H. Nunn James H. Campbell Raymond L. Fulton Akers, Thomas G. L'Italien, Robert V. Wallace M. Beakley Harry B. Temple Robert A. Keating, Jr.Richard B. Derickson, Alexander, Ross D. Mateik, Edward D. Ephraim R. McLean, John C. Daniel William C. Fortune Jr. Anderson, Kenneth N. McConville, William E. Jack C. Titus Joseph W. Koenig A. McGuire, Frederick L. Jr. Peter W. Haas, Jr. Asche, Clifton Lester C. Conwell Selby K. Santmyers Berrian, James H. McIntosh, Francis W. Richard F. Stout Armand M. Morgan Bernard Charles L. Moore, Jr. William S. Howell Bloom, Henry H. McRae, John D. L. Austin Robert S. Hatcher William V. Davis, Jr. George C. Towner Hubert E. Thomas Richard C. Gazlay Boudreaux, Joseph C., Meyer, William J. Raymond B. Jacoby Stephen Jurika, Jr. Jr. Milano, James P. Aurelius B. Vosseller Lester K. Rice Marcel E. A. Gouin Howard L. Collins Joseph W. Williams, George D. Roullard Brown, Marvin J. Mitchell, Thomas G. Jr. William R. Kane Buck, Charles W. Murphy, John S. Dale Harris William L. Erdmann Henry C. Daniel Hyman G. Rickover Bruce E. Wiggin William W. R. Mac. Caruso, Homer A. Nelson, Mason A., Jr. Frederick L. Ashworth donald Chansky, Ralph D. Nichols, Lavern E. Harold P. Smith Edward W. Clexton Antone R. Gallaher Archie T. Wright, Connery, Horace J. Peckham, Samuel C., REAR ADMIRAL,MEDICAL CORPS' Jr. James M. Elliott Carlton B. Jones Cox, Richard M. Jr. Thomas F. Cooper Ruben E. Wagstaff James J. Vaughan Dowling, James H. Petoletti, Angelo R. REAR ADMIRAL,SUPPLY CORPS Thomas H. Moorer Clifford Edwards, Billy M. Pipkip, Donald L. M. Campbell Warren B. Christie Ralph Ferris, Ezra F. Puziss, Harper. Charles G. DeKay E. Styles Joseph F. Enright James W. White Feuquay, Donald E. Ragle, Philip R. James B. Ricketts Frederick '7. Bruning Donald Haden,.Hulot W. Rudolph Henry S. E. Macintosh REAR ADMIRAL, SUPPLY CORPS, NAVAL RESERVE Roy M. Davenport Hine, Charles M. Schindele, Rodger F. Everett J. Foster Clarence G. Warfield Arnold F. Schade Holcombe, John T. Sedam, Richard L. John L. Counihan, Jr. William L. Dawson George Johnson, William H.,Sherin, Paul J. REAR ADMIRAL, CIVIL ENGINEER CORPS P. Rogers Dale Mayberry John B. Smith Jr. Summerour, Thomas L. Strain Charles Harold E. Cross Robert S. Jonas, Richard S. J. Riddell REAR ADMIRAL, DENTAL CORPS John S. Lehman Jordan, Robert D. Tyler, Joseph M., Jr. John M. Steinbeck John Shannon George Kathan, Ralph H. Watts, Lloyd A. Ralph W. Malone M. Price Henry D. Sturr Harold E. Ruble Ledbetter, Rufus K., Welch, Charles F. CAPTAIN, LINE Lorentz D. Bellinger Jr. Williams, Charles F. Garrison Daniel N. Francis E. Wilson Walter D. Innis Benjamin Lipes, Wheeler B. B. Cheat- Walter H. Newton, Jr. Leland G. Shaffer William C. F. Robards ham Paul D. Buie NURSE CORPS Noah Adair, Jr. Isador J. Schwartz Philip W. Garnett Francis J. Blouin Adams, Elise A. Harper, Harriet S. Jesse H. Motes, Jr. Edgar K. Thompson Horace V. Bird William V. Pratt 2d Bair, Betty D. Harris, Mary H. George G. Molumphy Benjamin L. Lubelsky Irvin S. Hartman Albert C. Ingels Beaulieu, Mary P. Henen, Mary T. Justin L. Wickens Easton B. Noble David L. Martineau Robert I. Olsen Beeman, Ednah M. Hoffman, Jo Ann Porter Lewis Robert B. Madden Charles B. Jackson, Edward F. Jackson Berkman, Virginia O. Humphrey, Wanda J. Donald I. Thomas Raymond W. Thomp- Jr. Joseph P. Costello Bingham, Mildred E. Hundley, Barbara J. William R. Wilson son, Jr. George L. Phillips Joseph O. Christian Bracy, Edith L. Knapka, Irene C. Theodore S. Lank Harold G. Bowen, Jr. Frank D. Schwartz David A. Sooy Brookfield, Barbara E.Knapp, Dorothy John H. S. Johnson Jack W. Roe R. CAPTAIN, M[EDICALCORPS Bruce, Martha E. Koebel, Beverly J. William Winter, Jr. James S. Bethea Carmichael, Ruth M. Krause, Dorothy V. Henry H. McCarley Thomas H. Morton John L. Hatch Robert S. Poos Chalker, Emily J. Kvale, Mary L. Lionel A. Arthur Richard L. Mohan Walter Welham Thomas Ferwerda Cole, Elizabeth E. Lara, Inez David H. McDonald Henry P. Rumble Herbert H. Eighmy James G. Bulgrin Conder, Maxine MacDonald, Patricia Charles E. Perkins David Lambert Stephen J. Ryan Roy R. Powell Constans, Mary C. H. Arthur J. Barrett, Jr. Nova B. Kiergan, Jr. Marion T. Yates Murray W. Ballenger Copeland, Winifred L.Marfla, Virginia Thomas M. Davis Charles A. Curtze Eugene P. Harris Thomas P. Connelly Cowden, Elnora J. Mason, Essie N. Bennett M. Dodson Bernard H. Meyer James B. Shuler Harold R. Berk DeAmicls, Betty A. McCann, Frances A. William R. Sheeley Robert E. Garrels John F. Foertner Philip P. Leigh Robert W. Curtis DeMarco, Delphlne McCarty, Elnora J. CAPTAIN, SUPPLY CORPS Denison, Beverly J. Meyer, Elgin B. Hurlbert Luther C. Heinz Lorraine M. Ralph M. Humes Thomas P. O'Connell DiGiandomenico, Miller, Alice Harold R. Badger George H. Laird, Jr. J. DeWitt C. MacKenzie Donald O. Lacey Jennie C. Miller, Bethel D. Adolph J. Petersen Robert M. Gibbons Thomas James S. Dietz Charles A. LaFarge Dwyer, Dolores R. Miller, Blanche 0. G. Wallace Jay V. Chase Harry A. Paul L. Weintraub, Jr.Leland P. Kimball, Jr. Elsesser, June M. Miller, Charlotte J. Adams, Jr. Baxter L. Russell Norman E. Albert P. Ryan, Jr. Lamar Lee, Jr. Evans, Hilda Miller, Claire R. Smith James R. Ogden Herbert G. Claudius Donald W. Twigg Howard T. Bierer Finn, Cellne A. Mongan, Lois J. Ignatius J. Galantin Chauncey S. Willard James F. Tucker Alfred T. Magnell Charles A. Blick Fogarty, Anna L. Moore, Dorothy I. Morton Sunderland Robert H. Solier Foht, Evelyn C. Murasheff, Lina CAPTAIN, CHAPLAIN CORPS D. John H. Kaufman Merle P. Bowman Friga, Elizabeth John D. Zimmerman Murray, Nancy M. William M. Ryon Charles K. Duncan Joseph P. Dreith Garbutt, Clara A. Nesbit, Mary W. Thomas D. F. Langenpaul L. Stahl Hamlen, Nancy A. Nieblas, Anna M. George E. Pierce Richard L. Kibbe CAPTAIN, CIVI. ENGINEER CORPS Hanley, Susan M. Norris, Barbara Frank A. Dingfelder Thomas F. Connolly Madison Nichols Robert W. Schepers Hanson, Dorothy M. O'Donnell, Mary L. Alexander Kusebauch James V. Bewick Clifton B. McFarland Harry H. Bagley CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 729

Norman J. Drustrup George E. Fischer, Jr. Max E. Cawley Robert R. Rodgers The following-named (Naval Reserve avi- Joseph A. McHenry John A. Stelger D1 J. Dierks Samuel T. Orme ators) to be ensigns in the Navy: Cornelius J. Smite, Henry J. Fitzzpatrick Joseph White Jr. James J. May, Jr. Robert J. Allen John E. Jones Henry C. Shaid George S. Robinson James R. Kittrell Robert L. Abbott Edward M. Armstrong James T. Kearns Coleman H. Smith Lewis M. Davis, Jr. Carl J. Scheve Robert E. Sorensen Gerald P. Barnett Elbert D. Lighter William George C. Emery Raymond Lamoreaux M. Foster John R. McKee Thomas Bingham, Jr. Paul L. Milius CAPTAIN, IDENTALCORPS Bernard A. Lienhard Donald L. Irgens Bruce B. Bloomqulst Charles H. Monroe, Jr. William B. Coley Joseph O. Buchanan, Jerald W. Bucklin Ray D. Murphy William R. Burns Frank E. Frates, Jr. Edwin H. Kiefer Jr. Howard L. Carlson Carroll E. Myers Clifford J. Waas Karl V. L. Berglund Jack H. Tripp George H. Hedrick, Jr. John G. Cave William S. Myers John E. Krieger Walter W. Lippold David B. Patton, Jr. Harold J. Kicker Durward C. Cecil Anthony Nesky, Jr. Charles F. Hoyt Jesse V. Westerman Robert H. Wheeler Allan Rothenberg James H. Cochrane Thane N. Olson Emmet L. Manson Charles T. Pridgeon COMMANDER, MEDICAL William A. Cody Trent R. Powers William Seldel James L. Wanger CORPs C. Craig Daryl S. McClung George C. CalderwoodRufus J. Pearson, Jr. Charles L. Coffman Donald D. Ritchey ,iorris Cornwell Charles T. Roberts C. Allen John J. Hilt James K. Cunning- Carl E. Wilbur James W. John Alan R. Cunningham C. Raffetto Frank I. Gonzalez, Jr. ham James W. Firoved Donald D. Rzewnickl Edward Charles A. Duffy John L. Schultz, Jr. Williard J. Goldring Miller H. Cosby COMMANDER, SUPPLY CORPS Joseph F. Dunn Robert C. Sherar James A. English Wendell Nalsh Robert S. Hill David P. Andross Alfred C. Eastman III Walter W. Stovall COMMANDER, LINE Samuel Y. Walker Evert R. Sharp Richard E. Engel Leo A. Thibault John W. Shields Thomas J. LaForest Philip W. Evans Kenneth D. Strickler Marshall E. Ewing Richard A. Tuttle Francis W. Deily Charles W. Turner III Thomas H. Bruno Clark O. Martin Francis C. Gehres Don LeR. Upton Karl H. Stefan Robert S. Guy Joseph L. Howard Arromanus C. Lyles, John E. Gllbertson Max W. Wakeland Donald R. Gibbs Carl B. Ward Franz N. Kanaga James P. McGrady, Jr. Bernard L. McCreery Jr. Forrest D. Goetschlus Allan P. Weintraub T. Elliott Arthur H. Damon, Jr. Irving F. Macey Arthur G. Beale George L. Grappi Robert E. Wickham Marvin L. Beadle Frederick A. Lyon Robert Cyril G. Griffin Wilbur E. Greenleaf Bobbie D. Wllliard V. Converse, Jr. William T. O'Dowd, Elliott COMMANDER, CHAPLAIN CORPS Neil G. Holt Beverly R. Williford Jr. John K. Williams Prescott B. Wintersteen Frank J. Horstmann Raymond N. Winkel John P. Gleeson Kipling W. Wise James R. Hughes Gerald J. Witvoet COMMANDER, CIVIL ENGINEER CORPS William R. Bottenberg Walton N. Saunders Edmund W. Ingley James R. Wolcott III Earl C. Collins Paul C. Combs William J. Valentine Maurice M. Johnston, Page Goldbeck William E. Norrington, Donald R. Rooke Jr. Noel V. Bird Jr. Victor G. Stevens The following-named officers to the grade W. Rahill Harry J. Conway Gerald COMMANDER, DENTAL CORPS indicated in the Medical Corps of the Navy: Arthur Parris James Mercer Harold W. Feder George H. Sandman LIEUTENANT Robert F. Nuttmann James B. Sweeny, Jr. Gus J. Jerkofsky Leroy R. Frantz Walter H. Barckmann Jennings P. Field, Jr. John M. Campbell Willard W. De Venter Sidney Brooks COMMANDER, MEDICALSERVICE CORPS Edward J. Laskowski Moffatt David B. Rulon Henry E. Schmidt George G. Claude V. Timberlake, Jr. Clifford A. Lenz Robert L. Mohle LIEUTENANT (JUNIOR GRADE) Fabrick COMMANDER, NURSE CORPS John P. Fleet William A. Mack E. Allison, Jr. James A. Long Howard J. Hoffberg Sol Neman Ann A. Bernatitus Jesse D. Hodge Richard T. Arnest, Jr. Thomas R. McKinley Jr. Joe C. Davis Charles G. Spoerer, Mildred Terrill Minnie O. Overton Howard S. Browne, Jr. Marshall W. Olson H. Grainger John E. Kennedy Charles The following-named (Naval Reserve William J. Deegan Morgan F. Osgood Desgalier, Jr. Offi- John R. Bowen II Marcel cers' Training Corps) to be ensigns in the William J. Gallagher, Dean J. Plazak Maxwell "D" McDon- Daniel . Larkin, Jr. Navy: Jr. Jean-Maurice Poitras ald Frank V. Mason Thomas S. Johnson Philip E. Ramirez Arthur L. Andrew Robert James P. English, Jr. Henry M. Murphey T. Mayer John R. Kane Max J. Trummer Edward L. Ardoyno, Ralph Marion A. Mason Donald A. Dertien P. Michaelsen Nicholas P. Kitrinos Homer P. Wiley Ogren Gene R. LaRocque Jr. George E. Miller Edwin E. The following-named to be lieutenants B. Stone Nell B. Macintosh Hugh T. Boland Ronald F. Moore Prank (Junior grade) in the Chaplain Corps of Bagwell Seth T. Howard William B. Chubb Thomas J. Murray Ralph M. the Navy: James O. Brady Robert A. Scurlock Howard E. Clark, Jr. David E. Oleson James B. Filson Jere J. Santry, Jr. William D. Coats William E. Pippin Dale E. Doverspike Earle F. Lunceford, Jr. Ernest M. Beauchamp Philip G. Dye Eugene W. Coler Joseph J. Profllet Edward P. Hammond Withers McA. Moore Joseph C. Anderson Malcolm G. Evans George R. Cress Richard C. Pugh Thomas G. Hawkins Bernard N. Morris James M. Tippey John J. Reidy, Jr. Roger D. Crotteau Alexander H. W. Donald C. LeMaster William G. Smith, Jr. Harry A. Jackson Richard N. Billings George L. Derendlnger Quartly Guy M. Leonard, Jr. James W. Newhall Maurice D. Callahan Lee W. Douglas. Charles E. Rambo The following-named to the grades indi- Lloyd E. Sloan James E. Hackett, Jr. John McD. Duffle, Jr. Edwin S. Redkey cated in the Dental Corps of the Navy: T. Luce Bobby L. Dunn Lester H. Reinke Aldred H. Wunderli William LIEUTENANT V. Kyllonen Meredith L. Scott Walter R. Ebling Percy T. Rittenhouse Tolvo Edward G. Hutton E. Thompson, Richard W. Parisian Thomas G. Farrell Richard M. Rogers, Jr. Joseph Carl L. Wilhelm Jr. Andrew W. Long, Jr. William J. Funk- Richard C. Rostmeyer Harold E. Roush Frederick R. Louie W. Barnard houser LIEUTENANT (JUNIOR GRADE) Hoeppner Frank M. Murphy Thomas G. Groover, George S. Schulte Gordon P. Baxter Thomas W. McKean Jr. David W. Shenton William N. Durley Harry J. Hulings Clem J. Hill Edward C. Penick Donald A. Regan Keith T. Shortall Robert A. Gruber Richard H. Six William The following-named officers to be ensigns Richard J. Reid, Jr. Charles A. Bellis Lloyd B. Hartsough, P. Speed Jr. in the Medical Service Corps of the Navy: John H. Hitchcock George P. Sotos Virgil P. Stuart J. Helbeck Richard J. Verbrugge, Chauncey C. Adams, Ray D. Jordan Antoine W. Venne, Jr. Jacob A. Rinker, Jr. Daniel HerbertHarold . Klen N..Poulsen Virgil K. Holland Jr. Jr. George A. Nyman Frederick B. Hunt Roger K. Wadsworth Jack S. Bailey Leon M. Roach Paul GanS Elmer T. Stonecipher Dexter A. Washburn Alan D. Bauerschmidt Claude A. Rogers, Jr. Charles M. Sturkey. Stanley R. Craw, Jr. Barry W. Hutchings E. Cook Billie Roller Jr. Wyman N. Jackson John P. Jackson William R. Watson, Paul Paul F. Jacobs Jr. Henry C. DeGrotte, Jr. Dalton A. Rowell OliverJr. D. Compton WallaeJames S. P.Bryant Buerschin- Andrew P. Burgess, Wallace P. Buerschin- William J. Johnson, Paul J. Weits, Jr. Gilbert A. Diaz Bill J. Smith Andrew P. Bigess, er Glenn R. Wiggins I. Dobbs Jack R. Storms Jr. ger Jr. George Jr. Dana P. French William A. Jones .Bobby J. Williams Joseph Felth David H. Turner David M. McIntosh Dana P. French KarlKohler B. Dale E. Fairchild John K. Kracha Howard M. William- William R. Furrey Carl M. Wagner Charls. Dohlr Edward L. Foster James A. Loomer son Robert E. George Orval B. Wetzel Charles A. Darrah John S. Harris Martin, Jr. Richard C. Wise Vaughn Howard Clyde O. Wlmberly S. Denning Morton N. Black Clyde P. Leland Daniel "M" Jones Willard J. cNulty Wllbur P. Collins The following-named (Naval Reserve Offi- Albert L. Kobey, Jr. Paulb Shropshire, cers' Training Corps) to be ensigns in the The following-named officers to the grade Winton, C. Sharpe Jr. Supply Corps in the Navy: indicated in the line of the Navy: Benjamin F. Worces-Gerald F. Carney Joseph R. Blackshaw Alfred B. Nelson COMMANDER ter II Daniel V. James Jack K. Ehlers Donald L. Schmidt Alan W. Ferron Jack R. English Norman A. Young John G. Haase Willard M. Schmidt Forbes O. Bryce George H. Rood Burton L. Bikle Marvin W. Mog Russell L. Vance William McK. Braybrook 730 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25

LIEUTENANT COMMANDER LIEUTENANT (JUNIOR GRADE) Barbara Haviland Betty E. Rigby Lewis C. Bartlett James F. McRaith Donald A. Cook Lee C. Miles Dellabelle Herbert Stanislaus J. Smith James M. Ireland Thomas J. Moriarty Henry M. Dibble Frederick W. Norman, Harriet P. McAlpin Wilhelmina H. Staf. Howard L. Kubel Joseph M. Parsons Richard W. Illgen Jr. Gabrielle R. Pepin ford Elizabeth A. Richard-Kathryn L. Thompson LIEUTENANT Leland R. Jepsen Andrew J. Van Tuyl, Charles H. Lindberg Jr. son Albert J. Bartlett Cary E. Landis Henry B. McCaulley Glenn W. Ward ENSIGN William J. Coleman William B. Murray, Jr. Joseph P. Massey Donald McK. Wyand William F. Feely Dona D. Boyack ENSIGN Rebecca H. Jackson LIEUTENANT (JUNIOR GRADE) John C. Duck Richard Rich Rose A. Kirsch James B. Acton Will E. Lassiter Hugo L. Ecklund, Jr. Fred D. Snyder The following-named women Robert D. Adams Ernest P. Lehnig officers to James H. Gray Alfred B. Sullivan the grade indicated in the line William F. Casper William E. Llewellyn of the Navy: Jerome R. Pilon Richard C. Winkler LIEUTENANT George V. Eldson Warren W. Lord Harlan E. Reep Robert Ennis Kirby LaR. McClain Margaret J. Gravatt Francis E. Field III The following-named officers to the grade Mary M. Hill I. Finke Donald S. May indicated in the Supply Corps of the Navy: Eugene LIEUTENANT (JUNIOR GRADE) Harold J. Flore Lewis M. Moss LIEUTENANT John H. Fitzgerel Pehr H. Pehrsson Helen A. Chrobak Glover H. Cook Charlotte L. Safford Richard E. Flynn Henry J. Ray, Jr. Jerome J. Scheela Robert A. Gideon, Jr. Reuben G. Rogerson Joe G. Schoggen IIGN Paul Gonzalez Clayton E. Royce, Jr. LIEUTENANT (JUNIOR GRADE) Mary A. Bachtel Patricia E. Kiley Raymond W. Gresham George A. Sayre Veronica E. Baker Ethelyn M. Koch William Hann Frank A. Smith Thomas F. Ball, Jr. LeRoy E. Hopkins Margaret L. Barnes Ruth M. Kohl Charles R. Hannum Charles R. Stephan Alyn L. Borchers Kenneth G. McGrath Carolyn M. Beane Joan Koons Darrell N. Coba James B. Hardgrave James W. Strobel Joseph F. Ouellette Elizabeth A. Black Nadene B. LaBonte Clifford Harry O. Hellberg Leslie A. Taylor, Jr. L. Crook, Jr. Raymond C. Stubbs Alice V. Bradford Catherine Lintott William B. Hooffstet- Emmett H. Tidd Dick H. Francisco Gordon E. Welch Nancy M. Bradley Mary J. Lotspeich ter Gerald P. Timoney Walter Garbalinski Paul V. Westin Joy J. Brisben Earlene Lowrimore Raymond G. Gunn Mark Hopkins, Jr. Leonard L. Tucker, Jr. James C. Will Leone B. Brisben Shirley A. McNamara Warren R. Kiernan Leland J. Underwood Jack E. Honsinger William L. Winfrey Irma J. Brooks Barbara A. Mader Robert L. Kneedler, John T. Wells SIGN Julia A. Brown Elizabeth A. Maloney Jr. Gordon H. Wiram John J. Boyle William E. Nast Elizabeth H. Burgess Maxine A. Mandt ENSIGN John E. Bozewicz Harold P. O'Neil Stacy C. Burke Margery E. Masback Patricia E. Byrne Jane Meadow Joseph J. McBeth William H. Dickey Charles B. Paul III Alden B. Anderson Sylvia S. Cass Nancy J. Miller Robert J. Anderson Harold A. McGrath Paul M. Gralton James B. Ramey Mary P. Cauthen Rosemarie L. Nardi Leon L. Andrews Albert S. McLemore James E. Hammond Gerald M. Robison Marion J. Clark Louise F. Nyman L. Angler Gilbert H. Maatta Ivan J. Klatt John E. Sandrock Donald Margaret A. Coder Shirley M. O'Neil James J. Arnold Robert E. Mann Thomas E. McCoy, Jr. William G. Vroman Jean E. Cuormings Elizabeth C. Phillips James H. Ayres Robert C. Mason James W. Mead William B. York, Jr. Quinn B. Morrison Audrey DeF. Dantley Edith E. Prewitt Philip A. Barnes John A. Mazzolini Lois V. DeWitt Martha L. Robnett Roy F. Barrett Joe C. Mitchell The following-named officers to the grade Barbara J. Dickey Lois J. Rupp Robert J. Bova Edward J. Mountford indicated in the Civil Engineer Corps of the Patricia R. Donovan Peggy A. Savage Russell B. Bridgham Austin C. O'Brien, Jr. Navy: Dixie L. Dunham Georgia L. Shapland Tandy W. Carter Robert L. Obrey LIEUTENANT Shirley L. Ellis Maureen M. Sheehan Jr.Peter H. Orvis Albert N. Chandler, Clarence F. Mobley Mildred J. Frawley Mary L. Slater Howard Chereskin Morris A. Peelle LIEUTENANT (JUNIOR GRADE) Joan Garoutte Claire L. Smith Eugene T. Connors Donald C. Pette Helen Gautreaux Martha B. Smith E. Poling Raymond B. Corob William Gordon W. Schley Amarette N. Gilbert Barbara T. Sullivan Everett D. Corseplus John N. Postak ENSIGN Mary-Jo Goggin Lloyda L. Thompson Harold E. Dame Jean R. Pouliot Curtis R. Williams, Jr. Elinor F. Hanson Faris A. Tomlinson Wilfrid Devine Maurice W. Rea Miriam M. Harris JoAnn E. Watkins The Richard A. Dickins Benny J. Ricardo following-named officers to the grade Loretta T. Higgins JoAnn E. White indicated Laurent N. Dion John D. Rodda in the Medical Service Corps of Sarah P. Higgins Mary L. Wier Robert F. Dussault Eugene C. Rueff the Navy: Barbara JoA. Hoy Barbara A. Williams Kenneth W. Echols Jesse E. Sampson ENSIGN Jean A. Ineson Mary L. Williamson Eric N. Fenno Henry E. Schubert Louis R. Kaufman Mary V. Kalaskey Betty J. Windham James R. Floyd Patrick J. Sciarretta John P. Quinn The following-named women officers to Arthur D. Fowler, Jr. George W. Shaffer Henry D. Baldridge, Jr. Jack T. French John K. Skomp the grade indicated in the Supply Corps of John E. Gardner, Jr. Sherwin J. Sleeper The following-named officers to the grade the Navy: Richard E. Gleason Edmund A. Smith, Jr. indicated in the Chaplain Corps of the Navy: ENSIGN Fredric Gnadt Leonard J. Sobieski COMMANDER K. Allen Cynthia C. Dunne Harry R. Graf George A. Sorg Nellie Francis L. McGann Gertrude M. Antolo-Ruth M. Tomsuden John Guetschow Stanislaus J. Sowinski witz William J. Gunn Dean Stocklmeir LIEUTENANT COMMANDER Thomas D. Hall Philip S. Talkin Hugh C. Embry IN THE MARINE CORPS Vinton O. Harkness, Clinton W. Taylor LIEUTENANT The following-named (Naval Reserve Off- Jr. Robert L. Thomas Malcolm A. Carpenter cers' Training Corps) to be second lieuten- James H. Harrison, Jr. Robert L. Thompson ants in the Marine Corps, pursuant to title Robert R. Harvey, Jr. Hubbard Trefts LIEUTENANT (JUNIOR GRADE) 34, United States Code, section 1020e (a), Lennart G. Holmberg Billie C. Tyson Robert F. Barlik Peter G. McKnight subject to qualification therefor as provided Willie M. Jones, Jr. William B. Usilton John E. Bell Thomas E. Moye by law: Vernon G. Kidd Floyd P. West George T. Boyd Everett B. Nelson James P. Ahearn Robert A. Bain Knecht Howard W. Wilkins Harry B. Hal H. Eaton Edward L. Richardson Jefferson Alison II Richard F. Baker Alan Kvello James G. Williams III Joseph A. Frank Lowell R. Rogers Tom C. Allen, Jr. Herbert S. Ball David J. McAnulty Paul W. Williamson Charles E. Hailstone Robert W. Smith Herbert M. Ammer- Peter A. Banker Robert F. McBain Thomas H. Wood Victor J. Ivers Charles W. Solomon muller Vincent C. Banker The following-named officers to the grade Ernest R. Lineberger,John H. Tackett Donald E. Anderson Douglas B. Barfield indicated in the line (aviation) of the Navy: Jr. James W. Anslow Charles R. Barnard COMMANDER The following-named officers to the grade John C. Antonio Charles R. Barr indicated in the Nurse Corps of the Navy: Thomas E. Ashlock Duane A. Baukus Jack D. Martin LIEUTENANT Merle W. Asper, Jr. Freddie P. Bayless Lawrence L. Beason LIEUTENANT COMMANDER Velia C. Covolo Dorothy E. Read David B. Asperheim Thomas V. McEnery Alene B. Duerk Caroline L. Scharf Donald E. Ather Richard A. Beatty Juanita F. Hutchens Hollis L. Augee David W. Bell LIEUTENANT Paul C. Augustine, Jr.James A. Bernhart John S. Chrlstlansen Alexander Vraciu LIEUTENANT (JUNIOR GRADE) Grady Avant, Jr. William J. Bibb Ralph W. Corson James Waddell Alice M. Crowell Katheryn L. T. Doher- John J. Avignone Robert D. Bickerstaff Jack H. Crawford Natalie M. Dewar ty Roger W. Badeker Michael H. Biggs CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE 731 John Arthur Bjorlykke, Jr. Lewis H. Gordon S. McCarthy Lawrence H. Schell Richard A. Bancroft Charles L. Hirlinger William Eustace S. Blair, Jr. Robert F. Gore L. McCarthy Henry W. Schoenlein, Warren H. Barker Harry W. Hite Mord Bogie HI George S. Gorman, Jr. Richard L. McCombs Jr. Robert M. Bartlett Elmer F. Huizenga Richard C. Bolesky Vincent J. Gorman William C. McCor- Martin J. Schubilske Willis W. Barton, Jr. Milton E. Irons Thomas G. Bond Donald D. Greek mick, Jr. Larry G. Schultz Don D. Beal Lee F. Ison Dale J. Bowen, Jr. Schuyler E. Grey, Jr. Richard K. McCulloch Howard L. Schuster, George N. Bell Edwin F. Jackson Thomas B. Bowling Jimmie D. Grimm Robert L. McDonald Jr. Warren T. Berglund James W. Jackson Harvey D. Bradshaw John E. Gutknecht Kent A. McFerren Gerald A. Scofleld Robert H. Boynton Merrill M. Jacobs Norman J. Brandes Donald F. Hagan William C. McKeehan, Robert C. Scott Thomas E. Bradley Douglas T. Jacobson Jerome W. Brown Frederick S. Haines III III Charles C. Seabrook William C. Bradley Harold M. Jellison, Jr. Alfred D. Bruce, Jr. Edward D. Haley William H. McKim Thomas A. Shantz Charles K. Breslauer James D. Jerrell Michael. M. Brunner William J. Hallam Thomas F. McNichol John J. Shapley, Jr. Wadsworth S. Brown Herschel L. Johnson, William C. Bryson, Jr. Joseph R. Harrlngton, David E. Meagher Robert N. Shea Edward J. Burke Jr. Gordon H. Buckner II Jr. Peter W. Melhuish Irving F. Sherwood, James R. Campbell Reid L. Johnson Louis H. Buehl III James J. Hart Robert G. Merrick, Jr. Jr. James H. Carothers,Robert D. Jones Robert F. Buntrock John A. Harvey II Robert F. Mitrione James E. Shildneck Jr. Vernon E. Jones Leland E. Butler Leif E. Hatlestad James E. Monson Harold W. Sill Walter C. Cawthon, Jr.Lester H. Joy Harvey H. Caldwell, Dale C. Hawkins Charles W. Mont- Clarence B. Simmons, Fred E. Clark, Jr. Edward W. Kain Jr. Frank E. Haynes, Jr. gomery Jr. James E. Clark John J. Karski Ralph L. Campbell Clyde C. Helmer' Daniel T. Mooney James D. Skinner Walter E. Clayton IIIJames D. Kenst Norman E. Canfield Duffern H. Helsing Austin F. Moore James T. Smith William A. Cohn James P. Kehoe sterling K. Carlow Wilfred Herrera Jimmie G. Morgan Park B. S. Smith Henry J. Conlin Bradley H. Kelly Richard C. Car- Andrew C. Hess Bernard A. Morin Robert E. Smith James S. Conrado, Jr.David A. Kelly michael, Jr. Royl J. Heyl Gene S. Morris Sydney S. Souter Edward C. Cook Gerald W. Keyes Richard D. Carr James R. Hilbert Lasse O. Moseley, Jr. Donald B. Southard Walter T. Cook Charles A. King, Jr. Donald C. Carroll David V. Holles Bartholomew J. Moy- William D. Stephani Richard M. Cooke Jacob Kirch, Jr. George F. Carter Henry A. Holmes nahan James R. Stewart Francis W. Cooper Roger W. Kunz Raymond Ceragioli Richard L. Hopkins John H. Mueller John D. Stewart Jimmy A. Corbet John D. Lenihan Burr T. Chambless Francis M. Horn Bruce U. Munger Thomas M. Stokes, Jr. Dale W. Criswell William H. Lightfoot, Michael R. Cheripka Walter D. Hull, Jr. Max D. Murray Russel H. Stolfi Robert A. Cronk Jr. Duane J. Chittenden Donald H. Humphreys Curtis S. Murton, Jr.Charles H. Stoy Thomas M. Culligan Irvin Lubin Julian H. Clark, Jr. Earl B. Hunt Joseph J. Musial Adelbert L. Suwalsky, John M. Cummings Jackson R. Luckett Walter L. Clarkson Samuel W. Ingram, Jr. James W. Nachazel Jr. Robert F. Cunning- Marvin H. Lugger John K. Cochran James B. Isbill, Jr. James R. Norman Howard C. Sweet, Jr. ham, Jr. Donald R. Lundberg Charles P. Coleman Charles S. Isherwood Patrick G. Obeirne William G. Swigert John J. Daley, Jr. Henry J. McCann John P. Cousland John G. Jasper John E. Orton, III Dan G. Switzer Daniel C. Daly Theodore C. Mc- William F. Damone Carthy, Robert H. Cowan Warren I. Jaycox - Paul J. Otis Robert D. Thomas Jr. Michael B. Cwayna Robert L. Jenkins Kenneth G. Patterson Charles E. Thompson Carl F. Dawson Ralph A. McElheny Andrew W. Danielson Robert B. Johnson Donald P. Pattee Raymond M. Tierney, Godfrey S. Delcuze James F. McGahan Thomas B. Davinroy Russell E. Johnson Ray B. Patton Jr. David K. Dickey Theodore F. McIntyre David O. DeGrandpre Victor H. Joliat Homer Paul, Jr. Richard H. Tierney George R. Dietrich Conrad L. McKay Arthur J. Delchmann, Robert Jones Fred H. Pearson Carl U. Tinnon William H. Disher Herman A. Jr. Michael Jordon James R. Peterson Eugene R. Tirk Richard W. Docksta- MacDonald Orville L. Deniston Francis J. Kane Russell P. Peterson Robert P. Toalson der John W. Mann Odillo M. Diaz Clarence E.'Kaufman, John A. Pfeifer James R. Todd John A. Dowd Preston P. Marques, Clarence W. Dilworth Jr. George A. Phelps, Jr. Thomas J. Tomeny, Roy Downs Jr. Constantine A. Di- Leon F. Kazmierczak, Howard E. Phifer Jr. Donald A. Doyle Henry A. Marting marco Jr. Charles G. Pierce Robert W. Topping John C. Duff Richard L. Martson James E. Dirlam John J. Keenan William H. Pierce John M. Towle Walter P. Dunn Glenn K. Maxwell Emmett E. Doherty, John R. Kennedy Robert L. Pugh Hugh J. Van Hatten Thomas A. Dutton Hurdle L. Maxwell Jr. Clair V. Ketch Alexander H. W. John N. Vanness John F. Eckert, Jr. James W. Medls William O. Doll Homer L. P. King Quartly James D. Van Pelt Joseph A. Elliot Edward R. Modzelew- Joseph C. Donoghue Robert A. King Joseph J. Quinn Richard G. Vass Patrick J. Fennell, Jr. ski Joseph F. Dooley William A. Kish John T. Raleigh Richard W. Walker David S. Fine James H. Montague Vincent J. Dooley David A. Klopp Robert E. Randall John K. Walters, Jr. Arden L. Fink William H. Morgan Terence J. Dougherty Walter W. Knitz Richard E. Ransom James R. Warren Farris C. Fisher Loyd E. Morris, Jr. George E. Dow, Jr. Donald G. Koehlinger Thomas R. Reckling, John F. Washington George D. Fisher Donald L. Murphy Edward F. Doyle, Jr. Tristan E. G. Kroglus III Peter W. Watkins James E. Floyd Francis R. Murray John M. Drabelle, Jr. Ronald H. Kruse John A. Reed. Barrett S. Wayburn Louis Fojtlin Robert C. Nelson John H. Dreiske, Jr. Larry L. Kurber Henry C. Reister, III Bruce L. Weston Wllmer H. Forrey Charles H. O'Brlen Donald Ducoff Fred E. Lacey, Jr. Richard Y. Remley Richard V. Whelan Richard M. Foster Billy M. Owen John L. Dury Daniel H. Laidman John V. Reschar Maurice G. Wilkins Arthur D. Friedman Hosea Owens Thomas A. Eastland George L. Lange Edward J. Riordan James P. Williams "H" R. Frisbie, Jr. Salvatore F. Padilla William E. Eckhardt Ted L. Langford, Jr. David L. Roberts Willis E. Wilson, Jr. Joseph I. Gaffney Vincent B. Pagano Orville R. Edmond- Ronald L. Larsen Jay L. Robinson George R. Wislar John H. Gallagher Richard Perez son Donald E. Larson John R. Rogers Eugene A. Wodeshick Ross M. Gamble Jack A. Peters Thomas L. Edwards Raymond J. Lavanture Donald A. Roos Ernest J. Woelfel, Jr. James E. Gambrel Charles F. Pitchford Charles J. Egan, Jr. Curtis G. Lawson James P. Rourke Daniel E. Wojciechow- Donald J. Garrett Robert A. Plamondon Martin J. Egan, Jr. Stimson T. T. Lee Evan W. Rowe, Jr. ski Craig B. Gartrell Walter O. Poitevent Charles H. P. Egger Jerry P. Leonard Ronald G. Russell Watson B. Woodruff Gus J. George George A. Porter Robert B. Eldridge David A. Lerps Paul M. Ryan Rike D. Wootten Harold G. Glasgow William T. Powers Fred T. Eslick Kenneth E. Lewis Norman E. Ryder Thomas O. York Robert A. Goelzer, Jr.William R. Pulliam, John E. Fant Stanley P. Lewis Benjamin F. Sands, Thomas C. Zay Richard W. Goodale Jr. Joseph L. Pelter William N. Lofroos Jr. Frank W. Ziegler, Jr. John D. Gormley John M. Rapp Roland B. Field William R. Loss David E. Gragan Percy D. Ratcliff The following-named (Army Reserve Of- Kenneth P. Finch Robert L. Loucks Robert O. Gregory Clifford J. Reesman ficers' Training Corps) to be second lieuten- William D. Fletcher Candido H. Lucero Robert P. Guay Harrison L. ants in the Marine Corps, pursuant to the Jeremiah Ford HI Anthony Lukeman Charles F. Hammel Richardson, Jr. provisions of title 34, United States Code, Sheldon L. Foreman Ronald B. Luther Robert L. Hardin William R. Riddell, Jr. section 1020e (b): William F. J. Fortune Robert H. Lutz James P. Harney Austin C. Rishel M. P. Frank, Jr. Eddie R. Maag. John H. Flanagan James J. Harp James D. Roe Peter W. Gage Michael Maas Rodney W. Miller William F. Harrah How M. Roque Joseph M. Gaither Robert T. MacPherson Charles H. White James B. Harris Robert J. Rutherford Patrick E. Gallagher Samuel J. Marfia The following as second lieutenants, Richard L. Hatch Paul H. Sallade William D. Garner. Richard E. Marquardt Marine Corps, pursuant to the provisions Walter R. Hauck Herbert C. Sanford Richard M. Geisler John A. Marshall of title 34, United States Code, section 1020e William M. Hayes Ernest R. Savoy John C. Gllman David W. Matthews (b), or title 34, United States Code, section Thomas A. Haygood, Ruel T. Scyphers Thomas R. Glass Franklin P. Matz III 634 (basic course graduates): Jr. Walter E. Sears, Jr. Edwin J. Godfrey David B. May Albert N. Allen William R. Andresevic Paul M. Helsher David F. Seller Joseph R. Good LewisR. McCann, Joseph O. Allweller Clifton B. Andrews Clark G. Henry Thomas L. Sheets Lloyd E. Goodwine Donald C. McCarthy Robert N. Analla Bruce S. Babski George A. Hieber Edward A. Shields, Jr.$ Henry C. Gordon John H. McCarthy Carl E. Anderson David H. Ballus Jack D. Hines Loyd R. Shoemake 732 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 25

James E. Shuttle- Rudolph A. Trefny Milton D. Drummond, Robert R. Moody the grade of second lieutenant for limited worth Robert G. Trout Jr. Wilbur J. Morris duty: Gerald J. Slack Charles F. Turner John H. Dunn Thomas E. Morrow Donald D. Amick James B. Harris Daniel B. Smigay Willis D. Vey Gerald W. Eastwood Weldon R. Munter James L. Anderson Daniel F. Layman Bernard B. Smith, Jr.David H. Wagner Ronald P. Eckmann Dwight E. Naylor Ewell J. Arceneaux Joseph L. Lee Conway J. Smith Howard W. Wahlfeld William F. Erickson Charles E. Newmark Ray W. Arnold Guy M. Long, Sr. Harold W. Smith Gerald J. Waldera Robert J. Fagot George L. Newton Jesse G. Baker William G. Luttge Kenneth L. Smith James A. Walsh Francis W. Farns- Jack L. Norman Thomas Baker Kenneth S. Matson Harold B. Snyder, Jr. Mechael E. Warholak worth, Jr. Edward O. Nugent Monroe L. Bracey Donald E. McAlexan. Paul A. A. St. Amour Frank R. Warren Frederick L. Farrell Charles E. Pangburn Nicholas Cappeletto der James H. Stewart Leroy E. Watson Edgar R. Franz Kenneth D. Peck Leslie P. Day Joseph E. Mullen, Jr, Charles L. Stitt Richard M. Weir Raymond S. Fry James R. Penny John H. DuBois Jack W. Newman Charles E. Tayntor Francis J. Werz Leonard E. Fuchs Burdette H. Peterson Raymond F. Fitz- Anthony J. Palonis, Jr. Robert B. Thompson Walter E. Weybright Samuel J. Fulton John Phillips simmons Roy I. Parker Paul J. Tighe Edwin P. Wilson Jack J. Galloway Charles R. Poppe, Jr. Ivan L. P. Fritz, Jr. James W. Ratigan Kenneth M. Timmer- Alan E. Wonhof Richard V. Gamsby Heaton H. Randall, Jr. John A. Fullinwider George A. Ridgway man Dale E. Young Kenneth C. Garner Robert W. Rasdal George M. Garner Bernard P. Simmons Charles Treble Luther E. Gartin Arvid W. Realsen Ross E. Gidley Richard F. Skinner Edward T. Graham, Jr. Herbert J. Recker Walter E. G. Godenius Jimmie L. Stewart to the grade The following-named officers Ernest H. Graham Charles M. Reitz Able Gordon Joe Vuckovich indicated in the Marine Corps in accord- Billy R. Green Allan H. Robb James H. Graham Robert J. Werder ance with the provisions of Public Law 347, David I. Greenstone James C. Robinson Edward E. Greben-John L. White Seventy-ninth Congress, as amended (34 Gerald F. Guay Warren C. Ruthazer stein, Jr. Billy L. Whitley U. S. C. 15) : Lewis C. Habash Jacque L. Saul Elvis G. Hammons TAIN Harry T. Hagaman Louis W. Schwindt James W. Hanker Roy A. Seaver Philip N. Austen Edward S. Lambert CONFIRMATIONS William M. Crooks Theodore Nahow Charles L. Harrison Donald L. Sellers John Ralph F. Estey Willard C. Olsen F. Heiland Charles A. Sewell Executive nominations confirmed by James H. Honeycutt James W. Robinson William H. Heintz Harold G. Shaklee the Senate January 25 (legislative day John H. Johnstone Howard R. Henn Whitlock N. Sharpe Maurice S. Hensler Allen C. Shelton, Jr. of January 22), 1954: FIRST LIEUTENANT Dwight E. Howard Thomas R. Shelton UNITED NATIONS William F. Alsop, Jr. Charles F. Langley Robert C. V. Hughes George H. Shutt, Jr. Preston Hotchkis, of California, to be the Richard C. Andersen Harris J. Levert William K. HutchingsPeter A. Soderbergh representative of the United States of Amer- John F. Barr, Jr. Gerald L. Lillich Robert N. Hutchinson Richard T. Spencer ica on the Economic and Social Council of James D. Barrett Edward H. P. Lynk William R. Hutchisson Paul V. Stack the United Nations. Kenneth J. Idol Melvin J. Steinberg Milton H. Baugh Edward J. Markham, DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE Darrel E. Bjorklund Jr. Leo J. Ihli Marvin B. Stevens Russell E. Blagg Lawrence A. Marousek Ronald L. Iverson Billy F. Stewart The following-named persons to be am. Clarence W. Boyd, Jr. Magness W. Marshall Robert E. Jenkins Thomas S. Strickland bassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary Joseph J. Brady Andrew V. Marusak, Chester T. Jones Charles W. Tonnacliff of the United States of America to the coun. Thomas J. Brierton Jr. Floyd A. Karker, Jr, Kyle W. Townsend tries indicated with their respective names, Charles R. Burroughs Donald N. McKeon William H. Keith Iver W. Trebon to which offices each was appointed during Kenneth M. Buss Theodore Metzger Thomas J. Kelly Eugene H. Trescott the last recess of the Senate: Harry E. Carey, Jr. John B. Michaud Ralph F. Kenyon James S. G. Turner Willard L. Beaulac, of Rhode Island, to the Norbert D. Carlson Theodore J. Mildner Robert M. Kersbergen Herbert J. Valentine Republic of Chile. Roland L. Colella Neil B. Mills James W. Kirk Claude O. Vann Selden Chapin, of the District of Colum- Joseph M. Cullinan John Misiewicz Richard H. Ramon S. Villareal bia, to the Republic of Panama. William M. Cummings Paul B. Montague Kirkpatrick George F. Vorhauer Hugh S. Cumming, Jr., of Virginia, to the Nevin E. Dayvault Anthony A. Monti Robert F. Koehler Arthur J. Wagner Republic of Indonesia. John R. Debarr Keith W. Nelson Charles R. Kucharski, Douglas A. Wagner Robert C. Hill, of New Hampshire, to the Jr. Grover C. Doster, Jr. John J. Nester Joe G. Walker Republic of Costa Rica. Arthur Henry C. Ellenberg Andrew W. O'Donuell W. D. Lavigne Charles F. Wallace U. Alexis Johnson, of California, to the Chester V. Farmer Euclid P. Paris Maurice A. Lebas Clarence E. Watson, Republic of Czechoslovakia. Robert W. Ferguson Robert H. Pearce Robert J. Lyons Jr. H. Freeman Matthews, of the District of Thomas I. Gerard Don G. Phelan Raymond S. Mais Ivan L. Watts Columbia, to the Kingdom of the Nether- William Ronald C. Groome James W. Pinkerton P. Mason III Frank E. Weltz lands. Bertram Everett Hampton David D. Powell W. McCauley Morgan W. West Dempster McIntosh, of Pennsylvania, to Charles L. McElheny James M. Haney Lewis A. Rann Ronald M. Westerman the Oriental Republic of Uruguay. Wilbur V. Hansen Erastus W. Roberts Vincent P. McGlone William L. Whelan John E. Peurifoy, of South Carolina, to William Robert H. Harter Kenneth L. Robinson, D. McKillop Ermil L. Whisman the Republic of Guatemala. William K. Horn Jr. George H. Menning, William S. Wicker- Rudolph E. Schoenfeld, of the District of RichardR D. HumphreysJohnHmphreys Dwight C. H.Scharfen Sawin, Jr. Jr. sham, Jr. Columbia, to the Republic of Colombia. Robert B. Miller James B. Wilkinson AMBASSADORAND ENVOY de W. Huer Charles E. Showalter Willard E. Miller Lawrence J. Willis Emt J e George W. Smith Louis L. Mills George Wadsworth, of New York, to be Alfred L. V. Ingram Paul G. Stavrldis Robert W. Wilson Andrew V. Mincey Joseph P. Wozniak Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipoten- Clark V. Judge Robert A. Strain Orville L. Mitchell Earnest G. Young tiary of the United States of America to the Douglas T. Kane Richard B. Talbott Paul C. Mogensen Robert G. Young Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and to serve con- Frederic S. Knight Duke Williams, Jr. Richard V. Molesky Gary L. Yundt currently and without additional compen- Robert N. Kreider James J. Wilson sation as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister George R. Lamb The following-named to be second lieu- Plenipotentiary of the United States of tenants in the Marine Corps pursuant to America to the Kingdom of Yemen. SECOND LIEUTENANT the provisions of title 34, United States ENVOY EXTRAORDINARYAND MINISTER PLENIPO- Lewis H. Abrams Code, section 105c, or title 34, United John W. Carpenter, States TENTIARY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Warren L. Ammentrop Jr. Code, section 625: Donald W. Anderson Charles M. Chidester Wiley T. Buchanan, Jr., of the District of Joan G. Bantzhaff Inger Rober Columbia, to be Envoy Extraordinary and Charles E. Baker James H. Coffin Irene Mary L. Clough L. Rozzo Plenipotentiary of the United States of Robert O. Barnes James F. Conlon Frances M. DeVos Margueritta C. Russell America to Luxembourg. Appointed during William G. Bates James K. Coody Patricia Mary M. Donahoe A. Watson the last recess of the Senate. Carl L. Battistone Henry T. Cook Marie J. Halvorsen Donrue Wever Lester E. Bazinet Joseph A. Corvi Theresa M. Hayes FOREIGN OPERATIONS ADMINISTRATION James H. Bird, Jr. Frank P. Costello, Jr. GENERAL COUNSEL Charles H. Bishop Wallace M. Couch The following-named for temporary ap- Morris Wolf, of Pennsylvania, to be Gen- Anthony L. Blair Franklin G. Cowie, Jr. pointment to the grade of captain in the Marine Corps in accordance with the pro- eral Counsel. Louis A. Bonin Richard H. Culpepper visions of the Officer Personnel Act of 1947, The following-named persons to be mem- Albert R. Bowman II Thomas L. Curtis as amended: bers of the Public Advisory Board, Foreign John R. Bradley John R. Day Operations Administration, to which offices Bruce G. Brown Warren H. Day, Jr. Chester V. Farmer they were appointed during the last recess Joseph B. Brown, Jr. John W. Detroy Theodore J. Mildner of the Senate: Richard O. Bruce Frank Dicillo, Jr. The following-named personnel of the Mrs. Mildred C. Ahlgren, of Indiana. Edward D. Cahill, Jr. Alfred N. Drago Marine Corps for permanent appointment to Richard L. Bowditch, of Massachusetts. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE 733

Arthur J. Connell, of Connecticut. To be commissioned lieutenant Maj. Gen. Gordon Byrom Rogers, 015020. Miss Helen G. Irwin, of Iowa. Steven L. Hollis, Jr. Maj. Gen. Joseph Pringle Cleland. 016239. Allan Blair Kline, of Iowa. Lt. Gen. William Morris Hoge, 04437, to be To be commissioned lieutenants (junior commander in chief, Mrs. Lucille Leonard, of Rhode Island. grade) United States Army Herschel D. Newsom, of the District of Europe, with the rank of general, and as John B. Watkins, Jr. Bruce E. Greene general in the Army of the United States Columbia. Jack E. Guth Robert E. Williams James G. Patton, of Colorado. under the provisions of sections 504 and 515 James D. Hodges of the Officer Personnel Act of 1947. UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY COLLECTORS OP CUSTOMS FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT Abbott McConnell Washburn, of Minne- FOLLOWING-NAMED PERSONS TO BE COLLECTORS TO POSITION INDICATED AND FOR APPOINTMENT sota, to be Deputy Director of the United OF CUSTOMS FOR CUSTOMS COLLECTION DIS- AS LIEUTENANT GENERALIN THE ARMYOF THE Information Agency. States TRICT SHOWN WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE NAMES UNITED STATES UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF NorTH ATLANTIC ORGANIZATION AND EUROPEAN SECTIONS 504 AND 515 OF THE OFFICER PER- REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Jessie Dixon Sayler, of Georgia, customs collection district No. 17, with headquarters SONNEL ACT OF 1947 Webster Bray Todd, of New Jersey, to be at Savannah, Ga., to fill an existing vacancy. Maj. Gen. Floyd Lavlnius Parks, 010582, Director, Office of Economic Affairs, United Douglas Butler, of Texas, customs collec- commanding general, Second Army, with the States Mission to the North Atlantic Treaty tion district No. 24, with headquarters at El rank of lieutenant general. Organi- organization and European Regional Paso, Tex. Maj. Gen. Walter Leo Weible, 011308, zations. Edward C. Ellsworth, Jr., of Montana, cus- Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Ad- COORDINATOR ECONOMIC toms collection district No. 33, with head- ministration, United States Army, with the C. Tyler Wood, of the District of Columbia, quarters at Great Falls, Mont. rank of lieutenant general. (special repre- to be Economic Coordinator Edward M. Elwell, of Maine, customs col- FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICERS FOR TEMPORARY Korea). sentative for lection district No. 1, with headquarters at APPOINTMENT IN THE ARMY OF THE UNITED Portland, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Maine. STATESTO THE GRADESINDICATED UNDER PRO- J. Chalmers Ewing, of Colorado, ustoms Frederick A. Seaton, of Nebraska, to be VISIONS OF SUBSEC. 515 (C) OF THE OFFICER Secretary of Defense. collection district No. 47, with headquarters PERSONNEL ACT OF 1947 Assistant at Denver, Colo.: Berry, of New York, to be Frank Brown Frank W. Hull, of Washington, customs To be mafor generals Assistant Secretary of Defense. collection district No. 30, with headquarters Brig. Gen. William Shepard Biddle, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY at Seattle, Wash. 015180. John Slezak, of Illinois, to be Under Secre- John G. Kissane, of Vermont, customs col- Brig. Gen. John Alexander Klein, 07536. tary of the Army. lection district No. 2, with headquarters at Brig. Gen. John Charles Macdonald, 08402. Hugh M. Milton II, of New Mexico, to be St. Albans, Vt. Brig. Gen. Laurin Lyman Williams, 08425. Assistant Secretary of the Army. Josiah A. Maultsby, Sr., of North Carolina, Brig. Gen. Albert Carl Lieber, 08884. DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY customs collection district No. 15, with head- Brig. Gen. Philip Edward Gallagher, Thomas Sovereign Gates, Jr:, of Pennsyl- quarters at Wilmington, N. C. 011249. vania, to be Under Secretary of the Navy. Anne A. Mitchell, of Connecticut, customs Brig. Gen. John Harrison Stokes, Jr., collection district No. 6, With headquarters 012181. DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY at Bridgeport, Conn. Brig. Qen. John Bartlett Murphy, 012338. Louis B. Toomer, of Georgia, to be Register APPRAISER OF MERCHANDISE Brig. Gen. Charles Wilkes Christenberry, of the Treasury. 08373. Aleer J. Courl, of New York, to be appraiser Charles O. Parker, of Colorado, to be as- Brig. Gen. Robert Gibbins Gard, 012247. of merchandise, customs collection district sayer in the Mint of the United States at Brig. Gen. Donald Prentice Booth, 016395. No. 10, with headquarters at New York, N. Y. Denver, Colo. Brig. Gen. John Gibson Van Houten, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND IN THE ARMY 016669. WELFARE Brig. Gen. Paul Frailey Yolint, 018022, to To be brigadier generals John William Tramburg, of Wisconsin, to be Chief of Transportation, United States Col. Sherman Vitus Hasbrouck, 012744. be Commissioner of Social Security. Army, and as major general in the Regular Col. Emery Ernest Ailing, 016545. Army of the United States, and as major DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Col. Frederick Prall Munson, 016505. general (temporary), Lothair Teetor, of Indiana, to be Assistant Army of the United States. (NOTE.-Above-named officers were ap- Secretary of Commerce. Appointed during pointed during the recess of the Senate.) the last recess of the Senate. Maj. Gen. Thomas Francis Hickey, 010362, to be commanding general, IX Corps, with Brig. Gen. Robert William Crichlow, Jr., FEDERALCOMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION the rank of lieutenant general, and as lieu- 012430, to be major general in the Regular Robert E. Lee, of the District of Columbia, tenant general in the Army of the United Army of the United States and as major gen- to be a member, Federal Communications States. eral in the Army of the United States, under Commission, for term of 7 years from July 1, Maj. Gen. Blackshear Morrison Bryan, the provisions of title V of the Officer Per- 1953. 015004, to be commanding general, I Corps, sonnel Act of 1947. CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD with the rank of lieutenant general, and as FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT Harmar D. Denny, of Pennsylvania, to be a lieutenant general in the Army of the United IN THE REGULARARMY OF THE UNITED STATES member, Civil Aeronautics Board, for term of States. TO THE GRADESINDICATED UNDER PROVISIONS 6 years expiring December 31, 1959. Maj. Gen. Emerson Leroy Cummings, OF TITLE V OF THE OFFICER PERSONNEL ACTOF RENEGOTIATION BOARD 015500, to be Chief of Ordnance, United 1947 George C. McConnaughey, of Ohio, to be States Army, and as major general in the To be major general member of the Renegotiation Board. Ap- Regular Army of the United States, under Maj. Gen. Stanley Raymond Mickelsen, pointed during the last recess of the Senate. provisions of sec. 206 of the Army Organiza- 07042. tion Act of 1950 and sec. 513 of the Officer ADVISORYCOMMITTEE ON WEATHER To be brigadier general CONTROL Personnel Act of 1947. FOLLOWING-NAMED PERSONS TO BE MEMBERS OF Brig. Gen. George Bateman Peploe, 016246. FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICERS FOR APPOINT- THE ADVISORYCOMMITTEE ON WEATHER CON- FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICERS FOR TEMPORARY TROL,TO WHICH OFFICE THEY WERE APPOINT- MENT IN THE REGULARARMY OF THE UNITED STATES TO THE GRADESINDICATED UNDER THE APPOINTMENT IN THE ARMY OF THE UNITED ED DURING THE LAST RECESS OF THE SENATE PROVISIONS OF TITLE V OF THE OFFICER PER- STATESTO THE GRADEINDICATED UNDER PROVI- Lewis W. Douglas, of Arizona. SONNEL ACT OF 1947 SIONS OF SUBSEC. 515 (C) OF THE OFFICER Alfred M. Eberle, of South Dakota. PERSONNEL ACT OF 1947 Joseph J. George, of Georgia. To be major generals To be brigadier generals Capt. Howard T. Orville, United States Maj. Gen. John Max Lentz, 010343. Navy, retired, of Maryland. Maj. Gen. Bernice Musgrove McFadyen, Col. Cyrus Quinton Shelton, 010784. Kenneth C. Spengler, of Massachusetts. 010384. Col. Oscar William Koch, 010851. Col. Stephen Bowen Elklns, 010913. UNITED STATES COAST GUARD Maj. Gen. Riley Finley Ennis, 011854. Maj. Gen. Joseph Sladen Bradley, 012428. Col. Hugh Cort, 011592. Rear Adm. Alfred C. Richmond, to be As- Col. Paul LaRue Neal, 011684. sistant Commandant in the United States To be brigadier general Col. Harris Fulford Scherer, 012275. Coast (Cuard, with the rank of rear admiral, Maj. Gen. William Nelson Gllmore, Col. Thomas Benoit Hedekin, 012278. for a term of 4 years,- 016196. Col. Charles Alvin Pyle, 012281. COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY Maj. Gen. Garrison Holt Davidson, 016755. Col. Richard Powell Ovenshine, 012303. Gavin, 017676. Terence John Tully, 012823. FOLLOWING-NAMED PERSONS FOR PERMANENT Maj. Gen. James Maurice Col. Maj. Gen. Emerson Leroy Cummings, Col. Reginald Pond Lyman, 014872. APPOINTMENT TO THE GRADESINDICATED, SUB- 015500. Col. Howard John Vandersluls, 015213. JECT TO QUALIFICATIONS PROVIDIEDBY LAW Maj. Gen. Richard Warburton Stephens, Col. Herbert Davis Vogel, 015520. To be commissioned commander 015569. Col. Harry Van Wyk, 015555. Glenn W. Moore Brig. Gen. Lawrence Russell Dewey, 015575. Col. John Gillespie Hill, 015797. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25

Col. Conrad Stanton Babcock, 016104. standing Committee of the House of Repre. Col. Samuel Roberts Browning, 017081. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sentatives on Government Operations. Col. William Lewis Bell, Jr.. 017549. Sincerely yours, Col. Ned Dalton Moore, 018212. MONDAY, JANUARY 25, 1954 THOMAS J. DonD, Col. James Lowell Richardson, Jr., 018232. Col. Charles Hartwell Bonesteel 3d, 018655. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. JANUARY 25, 1954. Col. Maddrey Allen Solomon, 019194. Rev. William H. Huseman, St. Gregory The Honorable JOSEPH W. MARTIN, Jr., Col. Robert Nabors Tyson, 019594. Seminary, offered the following prayer: Speaker of the House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. OFFICERS FOR APPOINTMENT AS RESERVECOM- We are come, O God, we are come be- DEAR MR. SPEAKER: I respectfully MISSIONED OFFICERS OF THE ARMY UNDER submit my resignation as a member of the THE PROVISIONS OF THE ARMED FORCES RE- fore Thee, we are gathered in Thy name. standing Committee of the House SERVE ACT OF 1952 (PUBLIC LAW 476, 82D Vouchsafe to enter our hearts; teach us of Representatives what we are to do; show us what we must on Interior and Insular Affairs. CONG.) Most sincerely yours, To be major general accomplish, in order with Thy help we EUGENE J. MCCARTHY. may please Thee in all things. Brig. Gen. Hugh Meglone Milton II, The 0154541. Suffer us not to disturb the order of SPEAKER. Without objection, justice, Thou who lovest equity above all the resignations will be accepted. To be brigadier general things; let not ignorance draw us into There was no objection. Col. Wendell Westover, 0145721. devious paths nor partiality sway our general minds; neither let bitterness of passion To be major COMPOSITION OF COMMITTEES OP Brig. Gen. Arthur Elsworth Stoddard, or prejudice pervert our judgment; in- 0371507. asmuch as we are gathered together in THE HOUSE To be brigadier generals Thy name we should in all things hold Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I offer fast to justice tempered by pity; that in a resolution (H. Res. 418) and ask for its Col. John Nelson Andrews, 0150451. this life our judgment may in no wise be immediate consideration. Col. Louis Dalhoff Burkhalter, Jr., 0280416. Col. Harold Vincent Gasklll, 0996701. at variance with Thee, and in the life The Clerk read the resolution, as Col. William Henry Harrison. 0292346. to come we may attain to everlasting follows: Col. Gerald Oneill Hodge, 0253172. rewards for deeds well done. Resolved, That during the remainder of Col. Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., 0188725. In the name of the Father and of the the 83d Congress the Committee on Banking Col. Perrin Hamilton Long, 0492197. Son and of the Holy Ghost. Amen. and Currency shall be composed of 80 Col. Daniel Joseph Manning, 0307848. members; Col. Alexander Marble, 0241298. The Journal of the proceedings of The Committee on Foreign Affairs shall be Col. Thomas Murray Mayfield, 0168962. Thursday, January 21, 1954, was read composed of 30 members; and Col. Edward Josephus McGrew, Jr., and approved. The Committee on Veterans' Affairs shall 0265015. be composed of 28 members. Col. James Clarence Mott, 0176119. Col. Harry Lynn Ostler, 0300698. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT The resolution was agreed to, and a Col. William Christian Otten, 0470649. Sundry messages in writing from the motion to reconsider was laid on the Col. Elmo Logan Patton, 0229128. President of the United States were table. Col. Harold Glendon Schele. 0341587. communicated to the House by Mr. Mr. COOPER. Mr: Speaker, I offer a Col. Robert Lee Watkins, 0244532. Hanks, one of his secretaries. privileged resolution (H. Res. 415) and Col. Frank Elmore Wilson, 0323557. ask for its immediate consideration: To be major generals The Clerk read as follows: MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Maj. Gen. Homer Oliver Eaton, Jr., Resolved, That the following-named Mem- 0201691. A message from the Senate, by Mr. bers be, and they are hereby, elected members Maj. Gen. Carl Lawrence Phinney 0244577. Carrell, one of its clerks, announced that of the following standing committees of the To be brigadier generals the Senate had passed bills of the follow- House of Representatives: Committee on Banking and Currency: Brig. Gen. Lucien Abraham, 0178022. ing titles, in which the concurrence of the House is requested: EUGENE J. MCCARTHY, Minnesota; Brig. Gen. Harold Arthur Doherty, Committee on Foreign Affairs: THOMAs J. 02270961. S. 1399. An act to authorize the Secretary DODD, Connecticut; Brig. Gen. Waldo Henry Fish, Jr., 0282806. of Agriculture to sell certain improvements Committee on Government Operations: Brig. Gen. Henry Kimmell Fluck, 0415805. on national forest land in Arizona to the HARRISON A. WILLIAMS, JR., New Jersey; Brig. Gen. Joseph Ward Henry, 01293051. Salt River Valley Water Users Association, Committee on Veterans' Affairs: WILLIAM Brig. Gen. Robert Milliard Ives, 0140472. and for other purposes; H. NATCHER, Kentucky; LESTER JOHNSON, Brig. Gen. John Rutherford Noyes, S. 1577. An act to authorize the exchange Wisconsin. 02270935. of land in Eagle County, Colo., and for other Brig. Gen. Maxwell Evans Rich, 0323746. purposes; and The resolution was agreed to, and a Brig. Gen. John Darrell Sides, 0330828. S. 2583. An act to indemnify against loss motion to reconsider was laid on the Brig. Gen. John Walter Squire, 0155858. all persons whose swine were destroyed in table. Brig. Gen. James Edward Taylor, 0376731. July 1952 as a result of having been infected Brig. Gen. Edmund Robert Walker, with or exposed to the contagious disease 0291567. vesicular exanthema. JOINT COMMITTEE ON ATOMIC Brig. Gen. Raymond Watt, 0209364. The message also announced that the ENERGY Brig. Gen. Oscar Ivy Wrenn, 0221793. Senate agrees to the report of the com- Mr. COLE of New York. Mr. Speaker, PROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR AIR FORCE mittee of conference on the disagreeing I ask unanimous consent that the House The nominations of Jack Lawrence Mc- votes of the two Houses on the amend- members of the Joint Committee on Cluskey and other officers for promotion in ments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. Atomic Energy may sit during the session the Regular Air Force under the provisions 6665) entitled "An act to amend certain of sections 502, 508, and 509 of the Officer of the House tomorrow. Personnel Act of 1947 and section 306 of the provisions of the Agricultural Adjust- The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Women's Armed Services Integration Act of ment Act of 1938, as amended, relating the request of the gentleman from New 1948, which were confirmed today, were re- to cotton marketing quotas." York? ceived by the Senate on January 11, 1954, There was no objection. and appear in full in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for that date, under the caption RESIGNATION FROM AND APPOINT- MENT TO COMMITTEES "Nominations," beginning with the name of COMMUNISTS IN THE LABOR Jack Lawrence McCluskey, which is shown The SPEAKER laid before the House MOVEMENT IN AMERICA on page 123, and ending with the name of the following communications, which Barbara Merle Hodgkins, which appears on were read. (Mr. VELDE asked and was given per- page 128. The Clerk read as follows: mission to address the House for 1 min- IN THE MARINE CORPS ute and to revise and extend his re- JANUARY 25, 1954. marks.) Maj. Gen. William P. T. Hill, United States Hon. JOSEPH W. MARTIN, Jr., Marine Corps, to be Quartermaster General Speaker, House of Representatives, Mr. VELDE. Mr. Speaker, today I am of the Marine Corps, with the rank of major Washington, D. C. introducing legislation of utmost im- general, for a period of 1 year from February DEAR MR. SPEAKER: I hereby respectfully portance to all citizens in, the United 1, 1954. submit my resignation as a member of the States, a bill designed to clear Com- 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 735 out of the labor movement in I have but little sympathy for or in- ple who cannot find employment. It should munists be the duty of the America. terest in those who listened to the Com- Government to either find hearings munists and agreed to team up with them a job for a man that is unemployed, extend I have always considered the unemployment compensation payments, or in the many industrial areas in the when it looked like the easy way, then furnish him with the surplus commodities United States among the most impor- turned again home-when home looked which seems to be a drug on the market, so tant conducted by our Committee on best. that our people will not starve while our Un-American Activities. As recently as I feel that the rewards should be lim- farm surplus goes to waste. 1 month ago we saw the sorry spectacle ited to those who stood steadfast. With kindest regards and best wishes, I of an alleged labor leader, Harry Bridges, am, calling a strike against a committee of Sincerely yours, in protest PROPOSED GEO. J. TITLER, the House of Representatives, SALE OF BUTTER TO President, District 29, UMWA. against public hearings in which, once RUSSIA-CHARITY BEGINS AT again, Bridges and his cohorts were HOME named as Communists. seriousness of this situation is Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED The unanimous consent to address the House evident when you realize that the entire Mr. DAVIS of Georgia asked and was west coast of this Na- for 1 minute and to revise and extend my given permission to address the House shipping of the remarks and include extraneous matter. up by this one man. for 30 minutes either on Wednesday or tion was held The SPEAKER. Is there It must be clear to everyone by this objection to the legislative day next following, after the loyalty-oath provision of the request of the gentleman from West the legislative business of the day and time that Virginia? the Taft-Hartley Act is largely ineffec- the conclusion of any special orders tive in meeting the problem of commu- There was no objection. heretofore granted. nism in labor unions. Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, quite a My bill will authorize the Subversive controversy has arisen over the recom- Activities Control Board, after finding a mendation in President Eisenhower's EXEMPTION ON DIVIDENDS be dominated by state of the Union message that we give labor organization to Mr. EBERHARTER. Communists, to order that the union to friendly nations abroad a billion dol- Mr. Speaker, I to act as a bargaining lars of surplus farm products now held ask unanimous consent to address the shall be ineligible House for 1 minute and to revise agent, or to be the recipient of any bene- as surplus by the Commodity Credit and ex- fits under the Taft-Hartley Act. Corporation. tend my remarks. I firmly believe that this bill will be While the suggestion is a humane ap- The SPEAKER. Is there objection to a big step toward effectively ridding un- proach, it totally disregards the old the request of the gentleman from ions in the United States of any and adage "Charity should begin at home." Pennsylvania? all Communist activity. In order that the Congress may have There was no objection. the public's reaction to the matter, I Mr. EBERHARTER. Mr. Speaker, desire to read into the RECORD, at this shout it from the heights, declare it in FORMER RED SYMPATHIZERS IN time, a letter from one the largest dis- the streets, think not of it in churches. THE ARMED FORCES tricts making up the United Mine Work- Hear what the President suggests: Tax Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan- ers of America: the earner to the stress, and the non- ious consent to address the House for 1 UNITED MINE WORKERS OF AMERICA, earner 75 percent less. minute and to revise and extend my re- Beckley, W. Va., January 18, 1954. marks. Hon. CLEVELAND M. BAILEY, Member of Congress, Third West Vir- SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ginia District,House Office Building, the request of the gentleman from Washington, D. C. Mr. O'HARA of Illinois asked and Florida? - DEAR CONGRESSMAN BAILEY: In President was given permission to address the There was no objection. Eisenhower's message on the state of the House for 15 minutes today, following Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, I note that Union, he seemed to be disturbed about what the legislative program and the con- the Pentagon cannot decide its policy to- to do with the farm surplus. I note in re- clusion of any special orders heretofore ward former Red sympathizers. Full cent newspaper reports that they are pro- granted. posing to sell 260 million pounds of butter support should be given to those coura- Mr. ANGELL asked and was given geous individuals who have indicated that to Russia, at 50 cents per pound. The Gov- ernment has millions of pounds of surplus permission to address the House for 15 court-martial proceedings may be insti- commodities, such as milk, butter, cheese, minutes today, following the legislative tuted against turncoat GI's who played wheat, and meat that they do not know to program of the day and any special the Red's tune while they were captives. do with. orders heretofore granted, and also to I welcome evidences of a more realistic We are allowed to get a few crumbs under revise and extend his remarks and in- policy at least to determine whose side the present law, through the Department of clude extraneous matter. they really are on. No harm will come Public Assistance, for people who are out of employment and destitute, but not enough Mr. PATMAN asked and was given to the innocent. permission to address the House for 15 I consider the fawning publicity that to sustain life and limb. It seems ridiculous to me that thousands of men, women, and minutes on Monday next, following the a few reconverted pro-Red American children are going hungry in this country legislative program of the day and the POW's from Korea have been getting for the want of food, or in other words starv- conclusion of any special orders hereto- just a bit sickening. It has been a waste ing to death in a land of plenty. fore granted. of good newspaper space and it indicated The American coal miner is now produc- a lack of moral values on the part of ing eight tons of coal per man, per day. The those who indulged in such senti- highest efficiency of any workman in the mentality. world. He produces so much coal that he PROPOSED COURT-MARTIAL OF We will do well to think more about the has worked himself out of a plate at his own COLONEL SCHWABLE thousands table. Other industrial workers and the Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON. Mr. of GI's who stood up under the farmer are doing the same thing. American hell of Korea-who stuck by the things ingenuity has solved the problem of produc- Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad- they believed in-who kept the faith. No tion. dress the House for 1 minute. one will ever know how many of the There are 20,000 coal -miners in southern The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Americans who died in the Communist West Virginia who's unemployment compen- the request of the gentlewoman from prison camps died under torture. We do sation will soon run out or has already run Ohio? know that in unmarked graves in Korea out, and no Jobs are available. It behooves There was no objection. lie Americans who gave up their lives the Congress of the United States to at- Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON. Mr. tempt to solve the law of distribution, so Speaker, I speak somewhat reluctantly, rather than give in to the enemy. They to that the American people will not starve the Army's are the true heroes. They should be get- death on account of overproduction. but I am concerned about ting the publicity and the praise; they I urge you to use your good office to see purpose in convening a court-martial so and their loyal buddies who were lucky that the surplus commodities that the Gov- hurriedly in the case of Colonel Schwa- enough to get back alive. ernment has on hand is distributed to peo- ble. This man went through many hells 736 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25 in Communist prisons. If my informa- world united for freedom by helping it As you know, neither United States citi. tion is correct, when he finally arrived deal with its grave economic problem zenship or residence in the United States are he gave himself unre- requirements for receipt of old-age survivors in this country and assuring strategic material supplies insurance benefits. servedly to testifying before motion-pic- for our country and our allies in free In 1939 a provision which would have pre- ture cameras to make possible accurate world defense. The grave decline in vented the payment of benefits to otherwise testimony for the use of the United States agricultural exports from the United eligible persons who live abroad was con. to refute the accusations of the U. S. S. R. States is one clear indication of danger sidered by the Congress but was not included that we used bacteriological warfare in in the field of international trade and in the law. Korea. You should see the Communist shows that the whole problem requires Mr. Speaker, I believe this matter had of the so-called confessions, of films urgent attention. better be reconsidered by the one. Then you should Congress, which his was The Commission should be in existence and the law be amended to correct this see the pictures that we saw at the to make its full contribution, not just to unfair, unjust, and ridiculous situation. United Nations taken when he gave his write a report, as it has. It has given us testimony freely. You should read the a solid middle-of-the-road document. full testimony before Dr. Charles W. It has shown us the way to do the job ISSUANCE OF SPECIAL STAMPS FOR Mayo's committee in the United Nations our country must do if we are to have OVERSEAS USE on bacteriological warfare and then real- peace through a successful free world. ize what a very real part the colonel's The SPEAKER. The time of the gen- Mr. OLIVER P. BOLTON. Mr. testimony played in making Dr. Mayo's tleman from New York has expired. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex- statement effective. tend my remarks at this point in the Mr. Speaker, I know nothing about the RECORD. other men under discussion today. But JOINT MEETING TO RECEIVE THE The SPEAKER. Is there objection to I hope that we would be humane toward PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF the request of the gentleman from a man who showed great courage in his TURKEY Ohio? There was no objection. effort to make amends. Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that it may be in Mr. OLIVER P. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, millions of letters written by COMMITTEE ON RULES order at any time on Friday, January 29, 1954, for the Speaker to declare a recess Americans go overseas every day of the Mr. ELLSWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I subject to the call of the Chair for the year. Many hundreds of thousands of ask unanimous consent that the Rules purpose of receiving in a joint meeting these letters go to relatives and friends of American citizens who live in coun- Committee may have until midnight to- the President of the Republic of Turkey, morrow night to file a report. His Excellency Celal Bayar. tries behind the Iron Curtain. They con- The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The SPEAKER. Is there objection vey a little bit of America wherever they the request of the gentleman from to the request of the gentleman from go. Oregon? Indiana? Recently, it came to my attention, There was no objection. There was no objection. Mr. Speaker, that the United States is overlooking an opportunity if it does not have postage stamps for overseas letters REPORT OF THE RANDALL OLD-AGE-PENSION SYSTEMS that tell something about America and COMMISSION her basic belief in liberty and the dig- I Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, nity of man. Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Speaker, I ask ask unanimous consent to address the unanimous consent to address the House House for 1 minute and to revise and Since November 1, 1953, the rate of for 1 minute and to revise and extend my extend my remarks. postage for an ordinary letter by surface mail remarks. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to to any foreign country in the world has been fixed The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentlewoman from at 8 cents. Our present 8-cent stamp is an the request of the gentleman from New New York? undistinguished ad- hesive, a dull olive brown in color, pic- York? There was no objection. turing President Martin Van Buren- There was no objection. Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, it a good President but one of our lesser Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Speaker, the House has come to my attention that foreign known Chief Executives. The airmail should take note in Sunday's publica- nationals who have worked in this coun- stamps which carry our airmail letters tions of the Report of Presidential-Con- try, and doubtless sent back all of their have pleasant designs depicting air- gressional Commission on Foreign Eco- earnings to their homelands, are now re- noth- nomic Policy, the Randall Commission, tired to their countries of origin, where planes in flight, but they, too, tell ing of the real story of America. And which has given the country a tremen- they are regularly receiving old-age and so it is with our other stamps used on dous blueprint of one of the most critical survivors insurance benefits from the overseas mail. problems facing our Government prob- United States. ably the most critical-because the pros- As many European countries have old- For that reason, I am today introduc- pects for peace are directly connected age-pension systems that have been in ing a joint resolution to call upon the with America's foreign economic policy effect far longer and are far more all- Postmaster General to issue a new set of which will, in turn, be determined by our embracing than our own-notably in stamps, the designs of which should con- trade and investment policy. England, Germany, and the Scandina- vey the idea of the basic American free- Under the law today the Commission vian countries-it is possible and prob- doms prescribed in our Bill of Rights, will expire on April 25, 1954. Hence I able that, under existing statutes, a for- such as the freedom of worship, freedom am introducing legislation today to ex- eign national residing in one of these of speech, freedom of the press and free- tend the life of the Randall Commission countries could collect old-age pensions dom to vote for elective officials of our until January 2, 1955, so that it may from the United States, as well as his own choosing. participate in the implementation of its own country, and go out and earn $75 In this way, every letter going abroad recommendations and make additional a month. This would not be a bad deal from America would carry a stamp tell- recommendations to the Congress. It is at all. ing something about America's unshak- essential that in terms of legislation we Mr. Speaker, it seems to me that some able faith in individual rights. It would get the benefit of the enormous amount legislation to prevent what seems a be a real contribution to the battle of of work and experience regarding for- rather obvious abuse of the intention of ideas now being waged between the eign trade and investment which now the law should be considered. minions of Communist totalitarianism resides in this Commission. I have checked with the Secretary of and the defenders of the rights of man. Foreign economic policy regarding ex- Health, Education, and Welfare who I might add that this proposal would ports and imports, investments, tech- wrote me on January 21, and I quote: cost the taxpayers nothing. It is a well- nical assistance and travel will be a Our records show that as of December 1952, known fact that, thanks to the thou- major influence in determining contin- the last date for which we have exact figures, sands of stamp collectors in our country ued high levels of economic activity with- 240 individuals residing in France were re- and overseas, the Post Office Department in the United States, keeping the free ceiving old-age survivors insurance benefits. makes a net profit on every commemo- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 737 rative or other special stamp that it to do this job already exist in the Na- areas and for the outright elimination issues. tion. We have a private home-building of nonsalvable slums. Under this pro- I hope, therefore, Mr. Speaker, that industry and home-financing institutions gram, there would be immediately avail- the postmaster General will give his that are strong and vigorous. We have able from existing authorizations ap- consideration to this proposal. a highly skilled labor force. Savings are proximately $700 million of loan funds high. While some of our communities and $250 million in capital grant funds. are financially hard-pressed, they are in- As our communities are enabled by this HOUSING PROGRAM - MESSAGE creasingly alert to the need both for im- broadened authorization to increase the FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE proving their existing physical plants scope and pace of their efforts, I shall UNITED STATES (H. DOC. NO. 306) and for sound growth and development request such additional loan and grant The SPEAKER laid before the House proportionate to their expanding popu- authorizations as can be effectively used. the following message from the President lations. We have the unlimited re- Second. The Federal Housing Admin- of the United States, which was read, sources which grow from the independ- istration should be authorized to insure referred to the Committee on Banking ence, pride, and determination of the private credit used to rehabilitate homes and Currency, and ordered to be printed: American citizen. I am convinced that in declining neighborhoods. This new every American family can have a de- program should be limited to specific To the Congress of the United States: cent home if the builders, lenders, and areas where the local community has I submit herewith measures designed communities and the local, State, and given adequate assurance that it will to promote the efforts of our people to Federal governments, as well as individ- carry out a workable plan of neighbor- acquire good homes, and to assist our ual citizens, will put their abilities and hood renewal. communities to develop wholesome determination energetically to the task. Third. A program of matching grants neighborhoods in which American fami- To help find the best way to meet our to States and metropolitan areas should lies may live and prosper. national housing needs, I recently ap- be established to enable smaller commu- The development of conditions under pointed an Advisory Committee on Gov- nities and metropolitan area planning which every American family can obtain ernment Housing Policies and Programs, agencies to do the planning job which good housing is a major objective of na- consisting o:: leading citizens experienced is necessary to arrest the spread of slum tional policy. It is important for two in the problems of housing, mortgage fi- conditions. I recommend that the Con- reasons. First, good housing in good nance, and community development. gress authorize the appropriation of neighborhoods is necessary for good citi- Under the chairmanship of the Housing $5 million for this purpose. Administrator, this zenship and good health among our peo- and Home Finance II. CONSERVATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF ple. Second, a high level of housing con- committee has made an exhaustive study EXISTING HOUSINO struction and vigorous community de- of existing Federal housing programs. It has also analyzed numerous proposals Because of the housing shortages that velopment are essential to the economic developed and social well-being of our country. It for the development of a program better during the depression and war is, therefore, properly a concern of this adapted to our present housing require- years, recent Federal housing activities Government to insure that opportuni- ments. The conclusions of this commit- have been directed mainly to increasing ties are provided every American family tee, and the results of our own studies the production of new homes. But while to acquire a good home. and experience in administering present the high demand for new homes will In working toward this goal, we must housing laws, are reflected in the recom- continue, and while private activity will not be complacent. The Federal Gov- mendations I am about to propose. Sev- be encouraged to meet that demand, we ernment must provide aggressive and eral of these recommendations provide must also undertake the long-delayed job positive leadership. At the same time an entirely new approach to the task of of maintaining existing homes in good actions and programs must be avoided meeting our housing needs. condition. Millions of our people live in that would make our citizens increasing- older homes in which they have invested I. NEIGHBORHOOD REHABILITATION AND ELIMI- their savings; our people and our econ- ly dependent upon the Federal Govern- NATION AND PREVENTION OF SLUMS omy will greatly benefit if these homes ment to supply their housing needs. We In order to clear our slums and believe that needed progress can best can be kept in good repair and are blighted areas and to improve our com- brought up to modern standards of com- be made by full and effective utilization munities, we must eliminate the causes of our competitive economy with its vast fort and convenience. of slums and blight. This is essentially It is not enough, therefore, to rehabili- resources for building and financing a problem for our cities. However, Fed- homes for our people. tate homes in obsolete neighborhoods. eral assistance is justified for communi- To encourage the maintenance and im- The building of new homes provides ties which face up to the problem of only a partial solution to the housing provement of homes wherever located, I problem. The Nation has tremendous neighborhood decay and undertake long- recommend the following additional range programs directed to its preven- amendments to the National Housing assets in its 37 million existing nonfarm tion. The main elements of such pro- homes. The fact that 20 million of these Act: grams should include: First. The maximum permissible terms are owner-occupied demonstrates the First. Prevention of the spread of continuing efforts of our people to have authorized for the insurance of loans on their blight into good areas of the community existing homes should be made compa- own homes, where they can raise through strict enforcement of housing their families in self-respect and in good rable to those available for new housing. surroundings. But and neighborhood standards and strict This amendment will end the present 19 million of our ex- occupancy controls; isting nonfarm homes are more than 30 discriminatory policy which favors the years old. We must encourage the con- Second. Rehabilitation of salvable purchasing of new as against existing servation and improvement of our ex- areas, turning them into sound, healthy homes. It should have the important isting supply of homes for the important neighborhoods by replanning, removing additional advantage of facilitating the contribution this can make to the raising congestion, providing parks and play- trading in of older homes on new home of national housing standards. grounds, reorganizing streets and traffic, purchases. Our housing deficiencies continue to be and by facilitating physical rehabilita- Second. The maximum loan which can serious. Millions of our people still live tion of deteriorated structures; be insured under title I of the National in slums. Millions more live in run- Third. Clearance and redevelopment Housing Act to repair and modernize down, declining neighborhoods. The na- of nonsalvable slums. single-family homes should be increased tional interest demands the elimination * Existing housing programs permit an from $2,500 to $3,000 and the maximum of slum conditions and the rehabilitation effective attack on only th- third of these term should be extended from 3 years to of declining neighborhoods. Many of essential tasks. A new approach will 5 years. Comparable revisions should be our local communities have made good help our communities to deal effectively made in loan limitations and terms au- progress in this work and are eager to with the other two.. I, therefore, make thorized for the rehabilitation of mul- make further substantial improvements the following recommendations: tiple dwellings. Since the terms of such but are hard put to find the needed First. Title I of the Housing Act of loans have not changed for 15 years, resources. 1949 should be broadened. It should these adjustments are obviously needed The knowledge, the skills, the re- make available a program of loans and to help our citizens repair and improve sources, and, most important, the will grants for the renovation of salvable their homes. C--47 738 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25 III. HOUSING FOR LOW-INCOME FAMILIES to insure that families of minority up to speed the retirement of the Govern. The continued lack of adequate hous- groups displaced by urban redevelopment's initial investment. ing, both new and used, for low-income ment operations have a fair opportunity Second. The reorganized Federal Na- families is evidence of past failures in to acquire adequate housing; we shall tional Mortgage Association should be improving the housing conditions of all prevent the dislocation of such families given three basic responsibilities: of our people. Approval of my pre- through the misuse of slum clearance First, it should be authorized to issue ceding recommendations will increase programs; and we shall encourage ade- its own nonguaranteed debentures on the the opportunities of many families with quate mortgage financing for the con- private market. With the funds so ob- low incomes to buy good older homes. struction of new housing for such fami- tained, it can perform a desirable service But a more direct and more positive lies on good, well-located sites. by buying mortgages at market rates in approach to this serious problem must V. MODERNIZATION OF NATIONAL HOUSING ACT areas where investment funds are scarce, be taken by the Government. I recom- There are certain deficiencies and nu- for resale in areas where there is a sur- mend, therefore, a new and experimental merous obsolete and unnecessary pro- plus of funds. There is need for an program under which the Federal Hous- visions in the National Housing Act. The organization to carry out this true func- ing Administration would be authorized Housing Administrator will present to tion of a secondary market. to insure long-term loans of modest the appropriate committees of the Con- Second, the new Association should amounts, with low initial payment, on gress a number of proposals to modern- be authorized to manage and liquidate both new and existing dwellings, for low- ize this basic law. These recommenda- present mortgage holdings which are income families. The application of tions will include a scale of mortgage Government-owned assets. It should be this new authority should be limited to ceilings more realistically related to the made clear that such liquidation is to those families who must seek other increased cost of both single-family and be accomplished in an orderly manner homes as a result of slum rehabilitation, multifamily structures and comple- and in such a way as to protect the in- conservation, and similar activities in the mentary revisions in mortgage ceilings terests of the individual borrower. public interest. I recognize, as did the for cooperative projects. Since Treasury funds were used in the advisory committee, that this program acquisition of these assets, all proceeds VI. ADJUSTMENT OF PERMISSIBLE TERMS OF of this liquidation should be returned represents a challenge to private builders GOVERNMENT INSURED OR GUARANTEED MORT- and lenders. In order to assist them in GAGES to the Treasury. meeting this challenge, a greater pro- Third, the President should be enabled portion of the risk should be underwrit- Because inflationary or deflationary to authorize the Federal National Mort- ten by the Federal Housing Administra- pressures can be accentuated or dimin- gage Association to borrow directly from tion than it regularly insures. The suc- ished by mortgage credit terms, Govern- the Treasury for the sole purpose of cessful development of this program will ment operations in connection with the purchasing certain kinds and types of afford a much greater proportion of our insurance or guarantee of mortgage insured and guaranteed loans when the lower income families an opportunity to loans should be judiciously adjusted to President determines such action to be own or rent a suitable home. prevailing economic conditions. The necessary in the public interest. For Until these new programs have been Congress has already given the Presi- this purpose the borrowing authority of fully tested and by actual performance dent limited authority to adjust from the Association should be limited to a have shown their success, we should con- time to time, in the light of economic reasonable amount to be made available tinue at a reasonable level the public conditions, the permissible terms on Gov- from the present Treasury borrowing au- housing program authorized by the ernment-guaranteed and insured mort- thorization of the Association. Al- Housing Act of 1949. I recommend, gages. I urge the Congress to broaden though outright primary support for therefore, that the Congress authorize this authority to cover all loans insured certain types of loans may be desirable construction, during the next 4 years, of by the Federal Housing Administration in the public interest from time to time, 140,000 units of new public housing, to and guaranteed by the Veterans' Admin- this support should be clearly identified be built in annual increments of 35,000 istration. Such authority would permit as the direct use of Treasury funds for units. Special preference among eligi- adjustments, within appropriate statu- mortgage purchasing, and the extent of ble families should be given to those who tory limits, in maximum interest rates such support should be closely controlled. must be relocated because of slum clear- and in loan-to-value ratios and maturi- Approval of these recommendations ance, neighborhood rehabilitation, or ties. This action by the Congress would will correct the most serious defects of similar public actions. The continuance materially strengthen our ability to sta- the present mortgage-purchasing opera- of this program will be reviewed before bilize economic activity and high levels tions of the Federal Government and the end of the 4-year period, when ade- of production and employment. A fuller will authorize an effective secondary quate evidence exists to determine the discussion of the importance of this market facility, relying primarily on pri- success of the other measures I have recommendation will be included in the vate financing. It will also provide flex- recommended. In addition to this re- economic report to be submitted to the ible authority under which the Federal quested extension of the public housing Congress on January 28. Government could directly purchase program, the Housing Administrator will VII. SECONDARY MORTGAGE MARKE'T mortgages, should economic conditions recommend amendments to correct vari- In recent years the Federal National and the public interest indicate the need ous defects which experience has re- Mortgage Association has functioned as for such action. vealed in the present public housing a primary lender rather than as a sec- VIII. REORGANIZATION OF FEDERAL HOUSING program. ondary source of mortgage credit. As a ACTIVITIES IV. HOUSING PROBLEMS OF MINORITY GROUP result the Federal Government now finds The present organization of Federal FAMILIES itself with substantial frozen investments housing activities is unsatisfactory. The It must be frankly and honestly ac- in guaranteed and insured mortgages. Housing and Home Finance Agency is knowledged that many members of mi- Because of the terms on which these a loosely knit federation of separate or- nority groups, regardless of their income mortgages were written and the prices at ganizations. Its present structure is or their economic status, have had the which they were purchased, they are not cumbersome, inefficient, and lacks clear- least opportunity of all of our citizens readily salable in the private market. cut recognition of administrative au- to acquire good homes. Some progress, The following changes should therefore thority. The result is confusing to the although far too little, has been made by be made: public. Neither the Congress nor the the housing agency in encouraging the First. The Federal National Mortgage executive branch can expect it to achieve production and financing of adequate Association should be reorganized to re- good and efficient management under housing available to members of minor- quire the users of the facility to invest its present structure. I shall, therefore, ity groups. However, the administrative funds on a basis which would eventually submit to the Congress a reorganization policies governing the operations of the permit the full retirement of Govern- plan to provide a better grouping of several housing agencies must be, and ment funds from secondary mortgage housing activities headed by an Admin- they will be, materially strengthened and market operations. The Federal Gov- istrator with adequate supervisory au- augmented in order to assure equal ernment should be enabled to purchase thority. opportunity for all of our citizens to the initial stock of the reorganized asso- I believe that this message offers the acquire, within their means, good and ciation, but private capital funds supplied means whereby our Nation may provide well-located homes. We shall take steps by the users of the facility should be built more and better homes for our families. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 739

By applying these recommendations we sistance as well as loans for the planning the unanimous-consent request be broad shall add to the comfort and the health of housing projects provided. enough to enable me to offer the amend- of our people; we shall strengthen the Title III would help eliminate the dis- ment which was discussed in our com- economic and social fibers of our Na- graceful, expensive slums, characteris- mittee? I think it is highly important tion; and we shall reinforce the free- tic of so many of our cities. The slum that it be offered. dom and self-reliance which have clearance and urban development pro- Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Certainly brought greatness to our land. I urge, gram is liberalized by reducing from the request is broad enough to include therefore, that the Congress give to these one-third to one-fifth the costs local any amendment the Speaker may hold recommendations its early and favorable communities bear in making slum- germane to the joint resolution. consideration. cleared land available for approved new Mr. WHITTEN. I think the joint res- DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER. houses. olution itself is subject to a point of THE WHITE HOUSE, January 25, 1954. Title IV would restore the housing- order. research program authorized in 1948 Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. I agree Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, I ask and 1949 to assist in reducing housing with the gentleman that it is. unanimous consent to extend my re- costs and to increase the production of Mr. WHITTEN. Unless I can offer marks at this point in the RECORD. better housing. the following amendment, I shall have The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Title V reorganizes the Housing and to object to this joint resolution's com- of the gentleman from Home Finance Agency by transferring ing up, until we get a rule, because I the request from the Administrator to its constitu- Missouri? think it was understood that I would ent agencies responsibility for adminis- have the privilege of offering the amend- There was no objection. tering the operating programs of such Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, today I ment to the joint resolution. I would agencies. The Administrator would be like to present here the amendment: have introduced a comprehensive hous- better enabled to control and coordinate ing bill. the constituent agencies. After line 4, page 1, insert the following: The administration is to be com- "That the Congress hereby finds and declares Title VI would provide the future that the farm-price-support system is de- mended in its efforts to assume the man- buyer of 1- or 2-family houses, built the New signed for the purpose of 'tabllizing the tle and some of the program of with Federal assistance, a warranty farm income of American farmers and as- Deal. that the house was built according to suring sufficient return to protect the land However, we must remember that the the plans and specifications on which and other natural resources. The Congress New Deal concerned itself with the vital Federal assistance was based. further finds and declares that all peoples problems of a past decade. The pres- Title VII establishes a new standby and governments have the inherent right to ent-day housing shortage fills a differ- program in the FHA for offer on the world market any and all com- direct-loan modities at competitive prices; and It is ent page in history, coming, as it does, loans to low- and middle-income non- war years and grow- therefore declared to be the policy of the after no-building veterans for the purchase or construc- United States that our domestic farm pro- ing as a result of the sharp increase in tion of homes. gram shall not be used to keep American families enlarged by the baby boom. Title VIII extends and expands the agricultural commodities from being offered With the advice of housing expert Veterans' Administration's direct home- on the world market at competitive prices. Taft no longer available, it is under- loan program. "SEC. 2. (a) The Commodity Credit Cor- standable but unfortunate that the ad- poration is hereby authorized and directed ministration's recommendations fall so to determine what part of present stocks of far short of past Republican proposals. NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE farm or agricultural commodities in its Today we need not only the benefit of FOR AERONAUTICS - MESSAGE hands are essential to the national security; and upon such determination title to all such past experience in housing problems, but FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE commodities so determined to be essential also new plans to solve a grave, new UNITED STATES (S. DOC. NO. 79) to the national security shall be transferred crisis. Some of the administration's rec- House to the Defense Procurement Agency, and all ommendations are fine as far as they go, The SPEAKER laid before the commodities so transferred shall be taken but the size of the program must match the following message from the Presi- off the market: Provided, however, That to the size of the problem. dent of the United States, which was prevent spoilage or deterioration any part of My bill incorporates the best of past read, and, together with the accom- such commodities may be returned to the and certainly has panying papers, referred to the Com- Commodity Credit Corporation for sale as recommendations mittee on Armed Services and the Com- hereinafter provided and replaced with a more right to be described as "progres- like amount or quantity from Commodity dynamic" than does the largely mittee on Interstate and Foreign Com- sive and merce, and ordered to be printed: Corporation stocks. inadequate administration housing pro- "SEC. 3. In order to make American farm gram. To the Congress of the United States: commodities available to users in other While I do not claim perfection for In compliance with the provisions of countries on the same basis as farm com- my bill, I am convinced that in its pres- the act of March 3, 1915, as amended, modities from other nations, all other agri- help fill two tremen- cultural commodities of whatever kind or ent form it would establishing the National Advisory Com- character, title to which is in the Commodity dous gaps in administration planning mittee for Aeronautics, I transmit here- Credit Corporation, and which are not com- and program. First, it would constitute with the Thirty-ninth Annual Report of mitted for sale, shall be offered for sale for a real step forward in solving our ter- the Committee covering the fiscal year use outside the Continental United States, rible housing shortage, and second, it 1953. Its Territories, and possesions, at prevailing would help reverse the present economic DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER. or competitive world prices: Provided, how- downturn-which some are trying to pre- THE WHITE HOUSE, January 25, 1954. ever, That the President by Executive order tend is not there-by encouraging the may restrict or prohibit sales of such com- economic health of our national hous- modities for use In Communist dominated COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION countries when in his opinion such sales ing industry. would be against the Interest of the United A brief description of my bill follows: Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. States." Title I restores the public-housing I ask unanimous consent for Speaker, This will save the Government untold program of 1949, authorizing thereby the immediate consideration of the joint will the construction of 810,000 units of low- resolution (H. J. Res. 358) to discharge hundreds of millions of dollars and cost public housing at the rate of 135,000 indebtedness of the Commodity Credit save our farm program. units per year. Corporation, and further ask unanimous The SPEAKER. The Chair will rule Title II provides a realistic answer to consent that it be considered in the on points of order when they are made. the housing problem of the middle-in- House as in Committee of the Whole. Is there objection to the request of the come group through the use of cooper- The Clerk read the title of the joint gentleman from Minnesota? ative or nonprofit corporations, an resolution. Mr. WHITTEN. I object, Mr. Speaker. amortization period of 50 years, a low- The SPEAKER. Is there objection to interest from Min- rate and a low down payment the request of the gentleman ON RULES of not over 5 percent. A system of nesota? COMMITTEE financial aid to cooperative housing SMr. WHITTEN. Reserving the right Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask would be established and technical as- to object, Mr. Speaker, may I ask that unanimous consent that the Committee 740 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25 on Rules may have until midnight to- changes in the Federal Reserve System expiration of a term of office, among such night to file a report on House Joint to carry out part of the original intent members, the term of office of the member appointed to fill the vacancy shall be the Resolution 358. of the law. The bill would change the unexpired term of his predecessor." The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Federal Reserve Board to 12 members, (c) The second sentence of the second the request of the gentleman from that is, change the board from 12 mem- paragraph of section 10 of such act is amend. Indiana? bers on the Board of Governors instead ed by striking out everything down through There was no objection. of 7 members as at present. There "and thereafter each" and inserting in lieu would be one member from each of the thereof "Each." 12 Federal Reserve districts. SEc. 2. (a) All of the powers, duties, and THE FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD The bill would abolish the Open Mar- functions of the Federal Open Market Com. mittee are hereby transferred to the Board The SPEAKER. Under previous or- ket Committee which is now composed of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. der of the House, the gentleman from of 12 members, 7 members of the Board The Federal Open Market Committee is Texas [Mr. PATMAN] is recognized for 20 of Governors and 5 presidents of Fed- hereby abolished. minutes. eral Reserve banks. (b) All personnel, property, records, and Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask The bill, in addition, would make the unexpended balances of appropriations or unanimous consent to revise and extend term of office 6 years for a member of the Federal Open Market Committee are hereby transferred to the Board of Governors my remarks and include certain ex- the Board of Governors instead of 14 of the Federal Reserve System. traneous matter. years, and would permit the present The SPEAKER. Is there objection to board to remain until their terms expire. Over the years amendments have been the request of the gentleman from The next thing is that the functions made to the Federal Reserve Act. It is Texas? and duties of the Open Market Commit- a great act although it has been abused. There was no objection. tee be transferred to the new Board of It was 40 years old December 23, 1953. Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. Governors. I believe this is necessary NO AUDIT IN 40 YEARS Speaker, will the gentleman yield? to get the control of the financial and The system was 40 years old then and Mr. PATMAN. I yield. economic part of our Government back has transacted annually hundreds of bil- Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. partly into the hands of the people lions of dollars of business per year. The Speaker, the gentleman from Mississippi through their Congress. Federal Reserve System has never been [Mr. WHITTEN] is of the opinion that the When the Federal Reserve Act was audited by a Government agency. It request which I made in reference to signed by President Wilson on December has never had an independent audit of House Joint Resolution 358 and as to 23, 1913, he is quoted as saying at that any kind that any Member of Congress amendments being offered, which you time that the banks should never be has ever been allowed to see. The Board might personally hold germane, is suffi- allowed to get control of the Federal Re- of Governors of the Federal Reserve Sys- cient for his purpose and, therefore, I serve System, and that it would be just tem up until less than 2 years ago had believe he will withdraw his objection. as inconsistent for the Government to never had an audit of any kind over a Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, if the permit the bankers to operate or influ- period of nearly 40 years. gentleman please, I am not yielding for ence the Federal Reserve System as it I raised the point in a joint committee that purpose. I thought the gentleman would be to permit the railroad owners of the House and Senate about 2 years wanted to make a unanimous-consent who have charge of and administer ago, and they ran out immediately and request. the Interstate Commerce Commission. secured the services of a private auditing The SPEAKER. The gentleman from President Wilson said it would be abso- firm, they claim, and had the System Texas declines to yield. lutely wrong and he warned against it. audited. But I have never seen the Mr. PATMAN. My time is limited and I am inserting herewith a copy of this audit. I do not know what instructions I would not want to yield for that pur- bill referred to: the auditors had. I do not know what pose. A bill to increase to 12 the number of they went into. No Member of Congress Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Speaker, will the members of the Board of Governors of the has been offered the privilege of seeing gentleman yield? Federal Reserve System and to provide that that audit. At least it has never been Mr. PATMAN. I yield for a unani- their terms of office shall be 6 years, and mous-consent request. to abolish the Federal Open Market Com- filed with the abbreviated annual report mittee and transfer its functions to such they must file each year or filed with any The SPEAKER. The Chair would in- Board ' committee of Congress. form the gentleman from Texas that if Be it enacted, etc., That (a) the first sen- So 'here we have a system that has he desires to yield, his time will com- tence of the first paragraph of section 10 grown up over a period of 40 years that mence to run, of course, when he is rec- of the Federal Reserve Act is amended to has absolutely gotten out from under the ognized following whatever business is read as follows: "After the date of enact- control of the body that created it. The transacted. ment of the last paragraph of this section, Board of Governors proudly claim that Mr. PATMAN. I am glad to yield for the Board of Governors of the Federal Re- serve System (hereinafter referred to as the they are not subservient to the executive a unanimous-consent request, but not to Government, the Presi- take up any legislation. 'Board') shall be composed of 12 members, branch of the Mr. WHITTEN. appointed by the President, by and with dent of the United States. They boast Mr. Speaker, will the the advice and consent of the Senate, and of being independent of the Executive. gentleman yield? the terms of office of the members of the They proudly proclaim that they are an Mr. PATMAN. I yield for a request. Board shall, except as hereinafter provided, agency of the Congress. In other words, Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask be 6 years." (b) Section we are the master and they are the ser- unanimous consent that I may be per- 10 of such act is amended by vant. They run things like we are the mitted to withdraw my objection to adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph: servant and they are the master. bringing the matter up at the conclusion They have gotten absolutely out from of the gentleman's time. "The terms of office of the 5 members first Mr. PATMAN. appointed to the offices created by the under control not only of the Executive Mr. Speaker, I hope amendment to the first paragraph of this but of the Congress, so that today we the gentleman will not insist on that, section which took effect on the date of the have a situation that is fantastic. No because I was on my feet when that enactment of this paragraph shall expire, question one ever dreamed that Congress would came up before, and because I as designated by the President at the time permit such an abuse of powers. am interested in that legislation also. of appointment, 1 at the end of 5 years, 2 Mr. WHITTEN. I say at the conclu- at the end of 3 years, and 2 at the end of We have a Constitution that says that sion of the gentleman's time. 1 year, after the expiration of the term of financial and economic matters shall be The SPEAKER. The Chair will rec- office of the member whose term of office administered by the Congress of the first expires after the date of enactment of United States. The Constitution says ognize the gentleman from Minnesota to this paragraph; and the successor to that renew his request after the gentleman that Congres shall coin the money and member whose term first expires after such regulate its value There are 531 Mem- from Texas has concluded his special date shall be appointed for a term of 5 years. order. The terms of office of members of the Board bers of Congress; 96 Members of the Senate and 435 Members of the House. CHANGE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM In office on the date of enactment of this paragraph shall continue to be the terms They are entrusted with tremendous Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I have for which they were appointed, and when- powers affecting the credit and money introduced today a bill to make certain ever a vacancy shall occur, other than by policies of our Government. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 741

These 531 Members have not retained bonds in their safes, and as the interest not want to turn it over to the private jurisdiction over the Federal Reserve becomes due it is paid to them. Pretty banks any more than we would want to System. They, the Members of Con- soft, is it not? Pretty soft. Particu- turn the fixing of railroad freight rates gress, have delegated these powers to larly when the General Accounting Of- over to the railroads. 12 members of an Open Market Com- fice is not privileged to take a look at Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I can mittee. Seven of these members, it is what is going on. The Board of Gov- understand that, I can see merit in that, true, should have some obligation to the ernors is on record in opposition to an but who should control the question of Government. They are not selected by audit by the Comptroller General. how much currency shall be issued from the people. They are appointed by one They have accumulated in that way time to time? who was selected by the people, the $25 billion and more of United States Mr. PATMAN. Someone who is president of the United States, but they Government bonds that are interest- charged with the duty of performing a are selected now for 14 years. They bearing. public service and representing the pub- claim not to be under obligation to the Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. lic. As it is now, there is too much of president after he selects them. I am Speaker, will the gentleman yield for a a balance in the banks' favor and they referring to these 7 of the 12 members question? are doing what natural ordinary human of this committee. Mr. PATMAN. I yield for a question. beings would do. They are looking after The other 5 members are presidents Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I have their self-interest. It is perfectly nat- of 5 Federal Reserve banks out of the had considerable difficulty in under- ural. It is part of our private enterprise 12. How are these five members se- standing, or trying to understand, our system-selfishness and self-interest- lected? In the first place, they are se- system of paying out money. Is it true but we should not allow them to do it. lected by the private bankers of the that the only reason for the Govern- Although they would like to do it we country. There is no doubt about that. ment's adopting this course is so that it should not allow them to do it against No one can dispute what I am saying may guard against counterfeiting and the public interest as they are now doing. about this. They are selected by the limit the amount issued? So we should take it back from them private bankers of the country. Mr. PATMAN. That part is not nec- and give it to people who are charged Are they obligated to serve the pub- essarily involved here, I may say to the with the duty of performing a public lic? Well, if they want to serve the distinguished gentleman from Michigan. service; in other words, to look at it from public, they may serve the public, but Of course we want to print the money the public-service standpoint, instead of they are not obligated to the public for because we want to protect it from from the private interest, private profit their selection. They are not obligated counterfeiting, but that part is not a vital standpoint. to the President for being selected for issue in what I am discussing, I will say Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Con- this position; they are not obligated to to the gentleman; that part is not. The ceding that it should not be given to the Congress for being selected to fill fundamental principle is that we are this group, to just what group would these important places on this commit- delegating the power to handle our the gentleman advocate we give it, and tee of 12 to run our credit and currency money, you might say, to the hands of I am asking that question in good faith. and financial affairs. Who are they ob- 12 men-7 members of the Board of Mr. PATMAN. I know the gentleman ligated to? They are obligated to pri- Governors and 5 members selected by is and I will answer in good faith. The vate bankers; they are the only people the private banks of the country and group presently operating has been dom- they are obligated to; so I think it has they invest it in United States bonds inated by the New York banks. The gone too far. I think it is time for Con- that bear interest, retain the bonds for New York banks handle one-third of the gress to take another look and see how the 12 banks, and collect the interest business loans in the entire United far we have permitted these people to when due. That is the point I am try- States. I hope the gentleman under- go and how much power they have and ing to make, and further they are abus- stood that. consider getting that power back under ing their powers. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I heard the control of the United States Con- Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. If the it. gress where the United States Constitu- gentleman will yield further, I have Mr. PATMAN. One-third of the busi- tion says it should be. always had difficulty in understanding ness loans in the entire United States, I Those 12 members of the Open Mar- why the Government should pay interest repeat. Now, as the situation presently ket Committee have delegated that power to anyone for the privilege of issuing exists, these 12 members delegate their further; they have delegated it to 5 of money. Several years ago I read in the powers to 5 and the 5 to 1. That 1 is their number. These 5 members have Saturday Evening Post the statement strictly a banker's man. The gentleman all the power that the 12 have. They that the only reason the Government has always tried to bring up things that are composed of 3 members of the Board had control of the amount of money might be considered wrong in the light of Governors and 2 members of the pres- being issued was to prevent counterfeit- of public service and public duty. When idents of the Federal Reserve banks. ing and to control the total volume of these banks trade this money for inter- These 5 members have delegated that money which was issued by the author- est-bearing bonds they hold the bonds power down to 1 of their number, the ities. and collect the interest. They are now president of the Federal Reserve Bank Mr. PATMAN. Both points are good annually collecting several hundred mil- of New York. ones, and as to the gentleman's point lion dollars interest on those bonds and How much power does he have? He on counterfeiting, we should have con- they are using that money without going has the power to take the money that trol. We should also have control over through the Appropriation Committees is printed over here at the Bureau of the volume to prevent inflation; but of Congress as other Government agen- Engraving and Printing, that is non- there are plenty of ways to prevent in- cies are required to do. They are using interest-bearing Government obliga- flation and still let the Congress handle it without any restraint of any kind tions, Federal Reserve notes such as you the money through proper delegations whatsoever before letting what is left carry around with you and use for of power, many ways. flow back into the Treasury. In doing money-and they are money, they are Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. That is that they are paying this man who is obligations of the United States; each something I would like to hear about head of a New York bank $60,000 a year note says on its face that it is an obli- sometime, because as I understood it I out of that money. That is paid out of gation of the United States. But it is am afraid that if it were left to the Con- public funds just as much so as the money not counted in the Government debt gress to control the volume there would the gentleman receives as a Member of transactions; and, therefore, the fact be so many demands on us that we would Congress or that I receive as a Member that the ceiling is $275 billion does not not be able to control it at all. of Congress. That just goes to show make any difference. All right, he has Mr. PATMAN. I would be opposed to how they are footloose and fancy free the power to take the money that we that. We would not want to have any with the money of the Government they have printed over here and trade that political distribution of money. are handling. There is no proper control money for United States Government Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Who over it. That is the point I am trying to bonds that are interest-bearing; and he would control it then? make. There is no proper control over can get the bonds placed through these Mr. PATMAN. No one is advocating that at all. Not only that but they are not 12 Federal Reserve banks-at least he is that to my mind. We have to have it charged sufficiently with a public duty. acting for them and they can get the wisely and discreetly handled, but we do That is the reason I have introduced a 742 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25 bill to bring this power back to the Con- Government paper, Commodity Credit The Clerk read the title of the joint gress, to where Congress will have a lit- Corporation paper, Housing paper, RFC resolution. tle more control over it. We should paper; all other outside paper. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to write into the law definite policies this One of the reasons the Federal Reserve the request of the gentleman from Board should and must be governed by. Act was passed was to put a damper on Minnesota? Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. All right, local banks sending their money to New Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Speaker, reserving conceding all that, conceding that that York to be used on the stock market. the right to object, and I am going to ob- power is used improperly, my question Now, of course, that was stopped. They ject, I may tell the gentleman, unless an is, To what group would the gentleman quit sending it to New York; at least opportunity is given to the Members of give that power at this time? temporarily they did until the roaring the House who are not here and those Mr. PATMAN. I would give it to the twenties, but now they are investing it in who are here to know more about this 12 members of the Board of Governors, Government guaranteed paper and in resolution. I will ask the gentleman one selected from each Federal Reserve United States Government bonds. They what information has been made avail. district and appointed by the President are loaned up in Government bonds and able to the Members of the House for this for a 6-year term. other riskless paper, and they do not step involving something over $700 Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Would have the incentive and the desire to serve million. the gentleman include this present the people locally as they should. So I Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. I might board? think that is one of the biggest questions say to the gentleman that opportunity Mr. PATMAN. They would continue before us. It affects small business; it will be given every Member who might to serve. affects every kind of business; it affects wish time for asking questions and dis- Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. The the ability of the best and most deserving cussing the resolution. That is about as gentleman would prevent redelegation person in your community getting con- far as I can go at this time. Might I say of that power, is that it? sideration of an application for a loan. as far as urgency is concerned, this mat- Mr. PATMAN. Yes, to private bank- How considerate will that bank be when ter was brought before the House this ers. That is what I would do. I would they are already getting all the money morning by an additional budget esti- leave it to people selected, one from each that they can possibly make through out- mate from the President. I do not think Federal Reserve district, and there are side, riskless paper in the form of Gov- the gentleman or any other Member of 12 Federal Reserve districts. I would ernment paper and Government-guar- the House, if he knew the conditions of have one selected from each Federal Re- anteed paper. So the gentleman has urgency which exist, would object to the serve district and selected by the Presi- raised a good point. consideration of this legislation today. dent of the United States, not for 14 Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. The Mr. JAVITS. The difficulty is that we years but for 6 years. Have a little gentleman has introduced a bill to rem- do not know the conditions. There is no quicker turnover there. edy this situation. Will the gentleman real representation made as to the con- Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Would tell me what the number of it is? ditions. Is the gentleman representing the gentleman permit the banks to con- Mr. PATMAN. It has not been num- to us that if this matter comes up on tinue to get currency and interest on bered. I just dropped it in the hopper. Wednesday and does not come up today a these bonds? Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Today? major interest of the country will be Mr. PATMAN. I presume the gentle- Mr. PATMAN. Yes. compromised? If so, can he tell us why? man refers to the private commercial Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I thank Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. I do not banks. That is a point that is separate the gentleman. make any such representation. I do say and apart from this. I want to discuss Mr. PATMAN. So, I want to discuss that this is a very urgent matter and that at some time when we can go into it some time more fully the question that that there will be ample opportunity, if I a little more fully. the gentleman has asked. And I wonder handle the joint resolution, for any Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I hope if the banks now are as active and alert Member on the floor to ask questions and the gentleman will advise me of that in fulfilling their obligations to the pub- discuss the joint resolution when it is time. lic as they have been in the past for the being considered. Mr. PATMAN. I think one of the rea- reasons that I have just outlined. I Mr. JAVITS. I would like to inform sons that people cannot get loans, the wonder why the number of barks in this my colleague that I shall object unless small-business man and others, is be- country, although our population has in- my colleague makes that unanimous- cause the member banks and other pri- creased tremendously more than any consent request to take effect on Wednes- vate banks are loaded down with Govern- other similar length of time in the his- day. I would be willing to see the mat- ment bonds. They are loaded down with tory of our Nation, in the last 20 years, ter taken up then under fair conditions Government bonds and outside paper, have actually gone down 1,500. We have of debate and amendment and with in- like the Commodity Credit Corporation. 1,500 fewer banks than we had 20 years formation made available in advance Now, according to the newspapers, they ago. Why is that? We have 50 percent bearing on the bill. are going to allow the private banks to fewer banks now than we had 22 years Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, will the buy almost a billion dollars of RFC paper ago. The number of banks are going gentleman yield? and securities. The banks will have an down. The number of people are going Mr. JAVITS. I yield to the gentleman additional good income from that. A up. Service charges are going up. More from Indiana. friend of mine, J. D. Gillespie, of Dallas, bonds are going into the vaults of the Mr. HALLECK. I feel some embar- says that to expect these banks to be private banks. Please understand I am rassment about this by reason of my patient and considerate with the small- strong for a privately owned commercial position as majority leader. Of course, business man is asking too much be- banking system. I believe it should be I understand the significance of the cause they are already taken care of. He strong. It cannot be strong unless it is statement of the gentleman from Min- says it is like feeding your dogs well be- profitable. Therefore, I believe in a fair nesota as to the importance of this mat- fore you go hunting. The dogs are not and reasonable profit for the banks. ter. It is important. The very fact that so anxious to hunt if you feed them well Mr. Speaker, those are questions that it is important is the thing from which before you go hunting. this Congress should look into. my feeling of responsibility arises, be- Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I agree cause in announcing the program last with the gentleman about that dog week I said that, so far as I knew, there business. DISCHARGE INDEBTEDNESS OF THE was nothing of consequence that would Mr. PATMAN. So if you go ahead and CREDIT CORPORA- be called up today, and that if anything you fill these banks up with good Gov- COMMODITY of consequence were to develop, ample ernment riskless securities to where they TION opportunity would be given Members so can make several dollars a year to every Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. that they could be on the floor. one dollar invested, pay big dividends on Speaker, I call up the resolution (H. J. Again, may I say to the gentleman their stock and pretty large salaries to Res. 358) to discharge indebtedness of that I appreciate the importance of this their officials, they do not have the in- the Commodity Credit Corporation, and matter. It involves the solvency of the centive and the desire to make local ask unanimous consent that the resolu- Commodity Credit Corporation under its loans. They are loaned up. They are tion be considered in the House as in operations involving the purchase of loaned up with what? United States Committee of the Whole. farm commodities. It involves certain CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 743 other aspects of our whole situation re- bit of punctuation, and that we know sums from private sources which do not garding the Treasury. To many Mem- all about it. We brag about that, but in figure in the overall national debt, and bers who have come to me and spoken practice we do not do it. When that hence avoid the operation of the debt to me, particularly many representing bill went over to the other body, they limit. From that fact alone, the gentle- urban districts, it is a matter about did have a hearing but it was an execu- man may, of course, see something of the which they want to be fully informed tive hearing which is just as bad. I urgency for action in this matter be- and on which they might have some- doubt if any Member of the House can cause he will agree with me, I am sure, thing to say. Of course, the objection see those hearings. Newspaper people that if there is a question about the capi- was originally made by the gentleman have seen them. They are all around, tal of the Commodity Credit Corporation from Mississippi [Mr. WHITTEN] when all over town, but Members of the House or the attitude of the Congress with re- the request was granted. In the interim cannot get hold of them. They have spect to it, that might suddenly indicate numerous representations have been some startling, sensational testimony in a situation where these loans would be made to me, as I pointed out. those hearings, but it is executive-not called. However, may I say again, it is a Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, will the available to you. The point I am trying matter of extreme importance brought gentleman yield? to make, is that it is legislation by secrecy. on here primarily, because as we were Mr. JAVITS. I yield to the gentleman It is not star chamber proceedings, I warned quite some time ago that the cap- form New York. would not go that far, but it is not ital allowance of the Commodity Credit Mr. TABER. I wonder if the gentle- advising the Members of the information Corporation is rapidly being exhausted, man would be satisfied with this-that upon which they can predicate their and now we are up against it. That leads the consent request be amended to read judgment and vote on a bill. That is me to say again, Mr. Speaker, in view of as follows: That it be in order to move what I want in reference to this bill. what I said last week about the program, on Wednesday next that the House re- The Commodity Credit Corporation is I would prefer that the request of the solve itself into the Committee of the something that I have given a great deal gentleman from New York, that this Whole House on the State of the Union of thought and study to, and something matter come up on Wednesday, be for the consideration of House Joint has happened in the recent past that I granted. I think that is ample time as I Resolution 358, with general debate to do not like. That is the reason that this understand the situation. I would pre- be not to exceed 2 hours, to be equally bill attracted my attention. I think it fer that that request prevail if one of divided between the chairman and the dovetails into it. The banks have been these unanimous-consent requests is to ranking member of the Subcommittee loaded down with all kinds of Govern- prevail. And if not, I would hope that on Agricultural Appropriations. ment paper. I am told, at least through the gentleman from Minnesota would Mr. PATMAN. Reserving the right to the press I get this information and cer- withdraw his request, and we can then object, Mr. Speaker, I was on my feet tainly from the financial journals that proceed under a rule which could be filed when the gentleman from Mississippi re- they have been getting the banks to take in an orderly manner to get this matter served the right to object, so I am not this Commodity Credit Corporation up for discussion on Wednesday. a newcomer in this. I can see in this paper so as to keep below the debt ceil- Mr. PATMAN. Now the gentleman something that I think the Members ing. I would like to ask the gentleman has raised the very point I was appre- should more thoroughly understand be- if that is one of the reasons they are hensive of. This is needed not so much fore voting on it. At least, I would like selling the Commodity Credit paper to in the matter of the Commodity Credit to know about it. I do not know that the banks to keep below the $275 billion transactions as it is needed to help some- I want to take the responsibility of ob- debt ceiling. Is that right? body get off the spot in the matter of jecting to its coming up. I will not say Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Speaker, do I still the national debt limit. that I will go that far. But I want to have the floor? Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. invite the attention of the Members to The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Speaker, a point of order, the fact that I do not think it is a com- Texas has the floor under his own res- The SPEAKER. The gentleman will pliment to the House now, or the practice ervation of objection. state it. in the past, for things to be brought up Mr. HALLECK. Then, Mr. Speaker, Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. It is to here so quickly and suddenly, without under the gentleman's reservation, will follow a parliamentary inquiry as to giving the average Member like myself, he yield to me to answer that? whether this is to continue for any who is not on the committee that is af- Mr. PATMAN. I yield to the gentle- length of time, because if it is then I fected, an opportunity to know what it is man if that is permissible. think we ought to have a quorum in or- all about. Mr. HALLECK. My understanding is der to get the matter decided. In developing that thought just briefly, that the question which the gentleman The SPEAKER. The Chair will state may I say that last year we had a very raises is substantially correct. Of that it will continue until a Member de- important bill that was a bill to raise the course, I did my part in the matter of mands the regular order. debt limit of the United States from $275 raising the debt limit last July. I went Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. billion to $290 billion. If any bill in the along as a Republican when Democrats Speaker, I ask for the regular order. world should have been developed fully were raising the debt limit, because I before a committee, Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, of it was that bill. thought that it was absolutely essential course I shall have to object. I have Extensive hearings should have been to the functioning of the Government. held before the committee and the hear- a statement to make. If I understand this situation correctly, The SPEAKER. The gentleman from ings should have been printed and made among many of the things to which those available to the Members. Michigan [Mr. HoFFMAN] demands the in charge of the fiscal affairs of our Gov- regular order. But if they were available, I do not ernment have resorted, to keep under the know anything about it. I was unable debt ceiling by reason of the failure of Mr. PATMAN. If I cannot finish my to get any hearings. I was told that the other body to act, is this matter to statement, I shall be compelled to ob- the testimony of witnesses was taken which the gentleman refers. Of course, ject. down and was not printed. The bill the CCC has at time borrowed in the Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. passed here without Members knowing open market under the authority of the Speaker, a parliamentary inquiry. too much about it because we had not act. The SPEAKER. The Chair states had the bill up for hearings. Of course, Mr. PATMAN. That is what makes it that the regular order has been demand- we all go back home to our districts and look so serious to me. Are we helping ed and other requests are not in order talk to service clubs and tell the people them to get around it? I think we should at this time, and point with pride to the fact that do that sort of thing directly. Mr NICHOLSON. Mr. Speaker, a bills receive such careful consideration, Mr. HALLECK. The gentleman was point of order. that witnesses are heard and that testi- gracious to yield to me, and I hope that The SPEAKER. The gentleman will mony is taken down and printed and he will permit me to conclude. state it. furnished to all Members of the House Mr. PATMAN. Certainly. Mr. NICHOLSON. My point of order and Senate, and that we know exactly Mr. HALLECK. As I understand it, is that the amendment offered by the what we are doing, and that we have the Commodity Credit Corporation as a gentleman from New York [Mr. TABER] considered every paragraph and every part of the overall operation to keep un- takes this matter out of the hands of sentence and every phrase and every der the debt limit has borrowed certain the Committee on Rules. 744 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25 The SPEAKER. That may be the re- The SPEAKER. Is there objection to zuela and the Middle East. And the sult technically, but that is a subject the request of the gentleman from Ore- fears of the chemical industry over the for the House to consider. The regular gon? future are presented in detail to the Ran. order has been demanded. There was no objection. dall commission itself. The textile in. Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, the Com- dustry of West Virginia, largely the pro- Speaker, I withdraw my unanimous- mittee on Foreign Economic Policy, the duction of synthetic fibers, also could consent request so-called Randall committee, has made easily be put out of business by imports Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I its report. I must say that it is a most and today is in a depressed situation. thought I had the floor on a reservation disappointing and confusing one. Like Charges have been made that synthetic of objection. the old "one-hoss shay," it is wonder- fibers from abroad are-like residual The SPEAKER. The regular order fully and fearfully made. I do not think oil-being dumped in the United States. has been demanded and reservations of it will please many who are interested in West Virginia, a leader in the produc- objection are not in order. The gentle- this important matter. It rambles at tion of handmade glassware, marbles, man from Minnesota [Mr. H. CARL AN- great length; the members of the Com- pottery products, and clothespins DERSEN] has has withdrawn his request. mission are not in agreement and the seen these industries driven into bank. Mr. PATMAN. Has the gentleman conclusions in many instances seemingly ruptcy by the influx of foreign-made ar- from New York [Mr TABER] withdrawn contradict the facts on which they are ticles produced under low-standard wage his request? based. and working conditions. I have not The SPEAKER. There is nothing be- had time to study in detail Thirty-six percent of all pottery prod- fore the House at this time except a the report but I notice that more than ucts consumed in the United 40 dissents are scattered throughout the States in special order granted the gentleman 1952 and 18 percent of certain types of from Michigan [Mr. HOFFMAN]. report; the distinguished Senator from handmade glassware for the same year Colorado is in disagreement generally were imported from abroad. with some of the report's principal con- I propose to return later to a discus- SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED clusions. In passing, I might call attention to the fact that the Senator is chair- sion of the situation which confronts do- Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I ask man of the Senate Finance Committee mestic industries that are being hurt by unanimous consent to address the which will handle any legislation on this imports, but first let us take a look at House for 20 minutes on Wednesday matter of tariffs and trade policy that some of the recommendations of the next, following the legislative program comes before the Senate. Also, the report. of the day and any special orders here- chairman of the House Ways and Means I must say that I read some of the tofore entered, and I yield back the time Committee, and another member of his statements in the sections devoted to granted me for today. committeee are in sharp disagreement tariffs and trade policy with agreeable The SPEAKER. Is there objection to with the report's conclusions and promise surprise. For example-and I quote- the request of the gentleman from to submit alternative recommendations listen to this section: Michigan? of their own later on. The world, including the United States, has There was no objection. I am not in the business of prophecy had no experience for any considerable period of time with our present tariffs under but I cannot see the Congress adopting conditions which might be termed rela- the principal conclusions of the report tively normal. DISPENSING WITH CALENDAR with regard to tariffs and trade. When The Trade Agreements Act was enacted WEDNESDAY BUSINESS they recommend doing away with our while we were in the middle of a depression. Many Mr. buy-American legislation; when they at- bilateral trade agreements, involving HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask many reductions in our duties, were made unanimous consent that the call of the tempt to tell the American farmers that they can not have subsidies or a parity during the first 5 years the act was in effect, calendar on Wednesday next be dis- but there has been limited opportunity to pensed with. program; r'hen they suggest to our House observe their effect before our trade, already The SPEAKER. Ways and Means Committee that they distorted, was further disrupted by the out- Is there objection to pass legislation making it more attractive the request of the gentleman from break of war. Since the termination of Indiana? to American capital to interest abroad World War II the patterns of both our ex- rather than at home, then I say the ports and our imports have been abnormal. There was no objection. Randall report will be the entering wedge There was an unusually large demand for to tear asunder this unholy alliance of our exports both for consumption and for favored groups that are waxing fat at the rebuilding a war-torn world, and an inter- ADJOURNMENT OVER TO expense of our domestic industries and ruption in the growth of our imports, aris- WEDNESDAY ing out of the same causes. The Korean the millions whose jobs are at stake. war resulted in a further distortion. Re. Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask Already it has been demonstrated that suiting imbalances were financed largely unanimous consent that when the House the real problem confronting this coun- through our foreign loan and grant pro- adjourns today it adjourn to meet at try is not to reduce tariffs further but is grams. During this period we continued to noon on Wednesday next. to give protection to vital domestic in- make further agreements Involving still further reductions in our tariffs. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to dustries which already are hard pressed the request of the gentleman from by unfair import competition. This is what many of us have pointed Indiana? I will say that the future of my own out time and time again. We have said There was no objection. State of West Virginia is very dark in- that this is no time to further reduce deed if the report's recommendations are tariffs because it is beginning to be ap- written into law. They would turn a parent that the concessions already THE RANDALL COMMISSION REPORT large part of the State of West Virginia made are injuring domestic industries into an economic desert. and that the volume of competitive im- The SPEAKER. Under special order The principal industries of the State ports may increase sharply in the months heretofore entered, the gentleman from of West Virginia affected by our national ahead. West Virginia [Mr. BAILEY] is recognized tariff policy are mining, which is almost for 60 minutes. Now let us continue with some quotes exclusively coal mining, glassware, pot- from the report: Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Speaker, will the tery, electrical appliances, synthetic gentleman yield? We are fully aware of the arguments for .fibers, chemicals, crude oil, and clothes- free trade. It is sufficient to say that, in our Mr. BAILEY. I yield to the gentle- pins. The Kanawha Valley already is a opinion, free trade is not possible under the man from Oregon. great chemical center and should become conditions facing the United States today. Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Speaker, I have a an even greater one in the future. But Even in moving toward greater freedom of special order and ask that my remarks all the industries mentioned here are vul- trade we must consider all the rigidities, may be extended at the conclusion of nerable to foreign competition. The coal both here and elsewhere, which negate some the remarks of the gentleman who is now of the premises on which the arguments for industry of my State, its greatest indus- free addressing the House trade rest. We must take Into account [Mr. BAILEY], and try, today is in a most deplorable condi- that while the United States employs im- that extraneous material may be in- tion due in large part to the dumping on pediments to trade, primarily through tariffs cluded. the east coast of residual oil from Vene- and in only limited fields through quotas, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 745 other countries also employ these devices. so far as the bituminous-coal industry is in the past 2 years. Total production in Beyond this, they employ the quota proced- concerned. That hard pressed industry the southern area is down around 150,000 ure far beyond our use, and against other has tried in every possible way to end tons from the peak year of 1947. Fami- countries as well as against us, and also other the dumping of residual oil along the lies are going on relief and many are employ exchange controls and many east coast not used here. but to no avail. moving away in search of work. This devices The report of the Randall Commis- situation is being duplicated in many in- This is sound reasoning and here is sion makes out such a good case for pro- dustries. Our wage earners-and vot- some more good logic from the Com- tection that I cannot refrain from re- ers-are not going to stand this situation mission: ferring to it again and again. As an- indefinitely. Any government and any We fully recognize the danger of using other instance, it says industry falls in- administration which does not look after averages; yet it seems clear by any test that to three broad classes, the first being the its own is not going to last long. can be devised that the United States is no mass-production industries that have I am in favor of trade with foreign na- longer among the higher tariff countries of trade little or no problem with regard to im- tions. I favor the maximum amount of the world. Taken by and large, our ports. It continues: trade consonant with the prosperity and restrictions are certainly no more of a cause of payment Imbalances than the rigidities The second class is one in which machin- stability of the United States. We must maintained by other nations. Restrictions ery and production facilities, general speak- keep our national economy strong. No on import and export trade, in turn, are ing, are identical or at least similar here and worse calamity could happen to the world probably no more important than, and in a abroad. In some of these the same number than for us to have a major depression measure bound up with, the rigidities main- of man-hours go into a unit of goods here in this country. One way to prevent that tained inside foreign economies through and abroad; in others the use of labor is catastrophe is to keep our industries cartel restrictions, the immobility of labor, less efficient abroad than here and there may prosperous and our men at work. The and ingrained resistance to technological be other offsetting cost factors. Whether or change; and the rigidities maintained inside not imports may be seriously damaging is best market for our own products is the the American economy through farm price- dependent on factors which vary industry home market. Let us keep that market support programs, minimum wage legisla- by Industry, but in at least some of these the and let us keep it in a flourishing and tion, resale price maintenance laws and the labor factor is the controlling element. healthy condition. like. The third class is the so-called handicraft Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. type where machinery Is a minor element. There we have it. The Commission Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Here quite obviously, with labor the major Mr. BAILEY. I yield. says frankly that the effects of the con- cost, imports can be not merely serious but cessions already made under the recipro- destructive to the domestic industry without Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I won- are not fully a tariff. der if the gentleman will permit me to cal trade agreements extend at the end of his speech an article known, that free trade is impractical, Then comes this word of warning: and that the United States is not a high- from yesterday's Star along the lines the We do not wish it to happen that the wage gentleman is advocating. tariff country, and that other nations are level in the third class and in some of the guilty of trade restrictions, not. only Mr. BAILEY. I will get the consent second class should be determined or se- the gentleman wishes. through tariffs, but through many other riously affected by the wage levels abroad in devices. competitive industries. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I will This does not jibe at all with the rec- send it over to the gentleman for him to ommendations that the President's au- After these beautiful summaries on the read and insert if he cares to, but it is thority to negotiate the reciprocal trade need for protecting domestic industry, I in support of what the gentleman is talk- agreements be continued another 3 do not understand how the Randall ing about and in accord with his views. years; that he be authorized to reduce Commission could recommend a pro- Mr. BAILEY. I thank the gentleman existing tariff rates by not more than 5 gram which means further 'tariff reduc- from Michigan. percent of existing rates in each of the tions. I do not understand how the Mr. Speaker, at this time I recognize 3 years; that rates may be reduced one- Commission could recommend the re- the distinguished gentleman from Cali- half on products which are not being im- peal of the laws which give our merchant fornia [Mr. SHELLEY]. I would like to ported but are being exported in negli- fleet preference in the shipment of Gov- have him discuss the question that has gible volume; and that the President ernment owned and Government fi- so often been raised that we do away with should be authorized to reduce to 50 per- nanced cargoes. I do not understand legislation to buy American and the effect cent, ad valorem, or its equivalent, any how they can recommend repeal of the it would have on our Maritime Com- rate which is more than 50 percent. Buy American Act. I think the Commis- mission. There is a significant difference be- sion overlooks necessity of protecting Mr. SHELLEY. Mr. Speaker, I thank tween the words of the Randall Commis- vital defense industries, including coal. the gentleman for extending me this sion and its recommendations. It is like As I stated, I have not yet had an time. I want to say at the outset that a physician who tells a patient about the opportunity of studying carefully all the unlike the gentleman from West Vir- evils of drink and then prescribes provisions of the report. Offhand, how- ginia, I have not gone as for as he has on whisky. ever, I would say that it constitutes a some of the reciprocal-trade agreements. The retention of the escape clause and confession of defeat by those blithe spir- I have been a supporter of reciprocal the peril point provisions of the existing its who were repeating "trade-not-aid" trade generally, but I disagree most law are recommended by the Commis- and similar slogans. The free traders heartily with one of the recommenda- sion, but the report significantly states are in retreat. The report of the Randall tions of the Randall Commission in par- that the escape "clause has been applied Commission actually is a communique ticular, and with several other recom- by the President with respect to only 3 of an army in flight. mendations of the Commission to a products, despite the fact that there have Now, let us proceed to the formulation greater or less degree. The particular is- been over 50 applications for the use of and consideration of a trade policy that sue I have in mind is this: In a very weas- that clause in the past 5 years." The is in the interests of the United States el-worded way they have made a recom- Commission also recommends that along of America. mendation that the 50-percent require- with the retention of the peril point and I am frank in saying that I do not ment in regard to the carriage of Ameri- escape clause-which are supposed to think the people of this country are go- can-aid cargoes to foreign countries in protect and give relief to American in- ing to tolerate indefinitely the dumping American vessels be eliminated, and any dustry-that the "statute be amended of foreign products at the expense of existing legislation pertaining thereto be expressly to spell out the fact that the American citizens. The treatment ac- repealed. Mr. Speaker, this would create President is authorized to disregard find- corded the bituminous-coal industry is a and bring about a very disastrous result ings under these provisions whenever he disgrace. Thousands of coal miners in to the American merchant marine. The finds that the national interest of the the State of West Virginia today are out Congress of the United States and sev- United States requires it." of work because markets they had along eral administrations have consistently There is little comfort here, for one of the east coast have been taken away recognized that the American merchant the persistent complaints against the from them by cheap residual oil from marine needs the support of the Govern- reciprocal-trade-agreement program is Venezuela and the Middle East. More ment. The present President of the that it has been almost impossible to get than 115 major, rail-connected, Southern United States has referred to it as the relief for industries injured by foreign coal mines, which formerly employed actual fourth arm of our defense. Our competition. I know that has been true around 15,000 miners, have closed down American merchant marine is needed 746 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25 and its need and usefulness has been that since the inception of ECA in 1948 active fleet 1,723 vessels of 1,000 gross proven during two world wars. Con- until June 30 of last year, over $170 tons and over, both Government and trary to the belief of some businessmen million of local foreign currency coun- privately owned. As of January 1 of and some starry-eyed people who once terpart funds made available as a re- this year we were operating 1,203 such in a while creep into Government, and sult of foreign-aid operations were spent vessels. On June 30, 1948, foreign flag who continue to take the position that by those countries in building up their fleets consisted of 8,826 such vessels. As we need not have an American merchant merchant and fishing fleets as competi- of June 30, 1953, the latest date for marine but can depend upon the vessels tive instruments to our own maritime which figures are available, these for- of other friendly nations, we have found operations. eign fleets had expanded to 10,732 vessels. by experience we cannot so depend. Mr. Speaker, if the American mari- Thus, in 5 years our fleet has de- Mr. Speaker, this is not an issue which time industry is to be capable of re- creased by almost one-third while for- the Congress or the American people can peating its remarkable performance in eign fleets have built up by almost one- afford to take as lightly as the Randall World War II we cannot be so foolhardy fourth. Does that look as though the Commission has apparently done. Al- as to permit those starry-eyed individ- operations of our fleet have harmed though it is reported that representa- uals of whom I spoke, by leaguing them- foreign merchant marines or vice versa? tives of the point of view of foreign ship- selves with a certain segment of the To make the picture complete and ping interests were permitted to testify maritime industry, to kill off an already more devastating as to the situation of personally before the Commission, the weakened industry. Putting into effect the United States merchant marine, American shipping industry was forced the Randall Commission's recommenda- data on ships now under construction to confine its presentation to formal tion to repeal the 50-50 provisions of are even more indicative. As of July 1, written statements-written "in the law would have just that effect. There 1953, the United States private merchant dark" so to speak, because they did not are certain maritime interests, nominally marine had no passenger vessels and no know just what factors were occupying American, which stand to profit by such freighters under construction. To cite the Commission's attention. The Com- action. I speak of shipping operators one country only, the United Kingdom mission's report certainly bears evidence who have obtained American vessels by at that time had 2,144 freight vessels that the position of the American mer- one means or another and then transfer on order or under construction, with an chant marine was not given the consid- them to foreign flags solely to take ad- additional 7 passenger vessels. Sweden, eration due it in analyzing the relative vantage of the profits obtainable through Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, situations and needs of our commercial operation under substandard foreign Japan, France, Italy, and other mari- fleet versus friendly foreign merchant working conditions, pay, and sanitary time nations all have active ship con- marines. and safety requirements. Rather than struction programs underway, including The Commission report, for instance, encourage that sort of action this Con- both passenger vessels and freighters. places undue stress on the availability in gress should clamp down on it. We With our warbuilt fleet rapidly ap- wartime of "the services of the merchant should make it impossible for such oper- proaching obsolescence, how long will ships of our allies through the operation ators to weaken the American merchant we have any fleet at all-particularly if of an interallied shipping pool." They marine and threaten our own high such recommendations as the Randall do not consider that under this arrange- standards by legislating to limit strictly Commission has made are to be allowed ment and through lend-lease we gave their operations. It is such "cheap" to dictate its doom. away 8 tons of shipping for every 1 we operators whom foreign nations utilize Mr. Speaker, the American shipping requisitioned. The Commission ap- at the expense of our commercial fleet. and shipbuilding industry should not be parently did not know or did not con- Repeal of the 50-percent requirement asked to supply a transfusion to com- sider it important that to keep that would give them an even greater oppor- petitors, no matter how friendly, when pooled fleet in operation with necessary tunity to make hay. it badly needs some plasma itself in or- additions and replacements the Amer- Mr. Speaker, perhaps the unfamili- der to keep afloat. When the recom- ican taxpayer spent about $15 billion in arity of most of the members of the Ran- mendations of the Commission on For- ship construction during the war, while dall Commission with the workaday eign Economic Policy are before this the replacement contributions of these operations of the maritime industry may body I pray that these facts will be friendly foreign nations was insignifi- excuse them for some of the remarkable borne in mind, cant. conclusions they have reached with re- One of the other features, Mr. Speaker, As another example of the one-sided gard to the industry. However, that that the Randall Commission recom- view taken by the Commission, the ma- would not excuse us for acting favorably mends is opening up the purchase by jority report refers to the American on their recommendations. The Com- the American Government of machinery merchant marine enjoying "statutory mission seems to feel that in event of and equipment which would be manu- preferences which in effect give it the national emergency a complete maritime factured by foreign manufacturers, for exclusive carriage of shipments by the operation, with all its necessary com- use in Government installations, dams, defense agencies for American forces." ponents including an active shipbuild- and Government operations. Imagine Anyone at all familiar with the true facts ing industry, would spring up full grown. this at this time, Mr. Speaker, when we would not be misled into making such To have such an industry when needed are facing unemployment in our ma- a statement. The fact of the matter we must maintain it now with every chinery and equipment industries and is that the Military Sea Transportation means at our command, including at when this equipment is to be paid for Service, an arm of the United States least as much preferential treatment as by the American taxpayer with American Navy, enjoys this exclusive privilege and the industry now receives. We must funds. Right now the United States not the private American merchant ma- keep active a strong nucleus of experi- Army engineers are considering a bid rine. Our commercial fleet gets some enced shipbuilding personnel to build from Japan for the purchase of electrical of the crumbs from this military oper- ships and to keep them in repair, and we equipment for a dam being built by the ation but only what the Military Sea must keep in active service the men American taxpayers at The Dalles in Transportation Service feels that it can needed to man the ships. We cannot do Oregon. If we pay any attention to this spare. that by tearing down the American mer- recommendation of the Randall Com- In speaking of these statutory pref- chant marine and building up those of mission the United States Government is erences with specific reference to the our friendly competitors at our expense. certain to become the No. 1 customer of a requirement long upheld by Congress The Randall report, to one unfamiliar lot of our neighboring countries at the that at least 50 percent of foreign-aid with the actual situation, would indi- expense of a great many American work- cargoes shall be carried in American-flag cate that the merchant marines of our men and American businesses and at the vessels, the report states that- allies were in a bad way and that our expense of the American taxpayer. The effect is to compel countries receiving own was flourishing. In the short time At this moment I do not have time to dollar assistance to spend a part of it on available to me let me cite a few figures expand sufficiently on the matter of freight services which they could render to procurement of equipment and themselves if permitted to do so. to illustrate how dangerously mislead- foreign ing this impression is. On June 30,1948, supplies for Government projects located This is spoken of as a diversion from at a time when our own postwar fleet within the United States. At the next the purpose intended for foreign-aid was already decreasing and that of our session of the House, however, I intend funds. Completely overlooked is the fact allies expanding, we had in our total to go into that problem at greater length. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 747

In the meantime, I wish to thank the dis- devices used in World War II, without tionship between the trend in oil im- tinguished gentleman from West Vir- which our conduct of the war would seri- ports from the principal foreign coun- ginia again for his courtesy in relinquish- ously have been affected. So we do ask tries which export oil to the United ing time to me. and hope that in this session of Congress States and our exports of other products Mr. BAILEY. I thank the gentleman we can get reasonable protection for the to them. For example, more than 90 from California. people we represent and what we con- percent of our oil imports come from Mr. Speaker, I now yield to the dis- sider to be in the long run the best Venezuela, Netherlands West Indies, from Ohio [Mr. interests of the United States. and the two Middle East countries, Ku- tinguished gentleman Mr. BAILEY. to discuss the question of pot- I thank the gentleman wait and Saudi Arabia. Since 1948, the SECREST] from Ohio. Mr. Speaker, at this tery and glassware products and other time total value of United States oil imports in Ohio affected by our trade I note the presence on the floor of the from these four countries increased 62 industries gentleman from policy. Oklahoma [Mr. STEED] percent, while the total value of United Mr. Speaker, I will to whom I now yield so that he may States exports other than petroleum to Mr. SECREST. discuss the effects upon the independent later have considerable to say about the them, actually declined 5 percent. at this time I want oil industry of the State of Oklahoma That foreign oil is of little value in Randall report, but and the Southwest. to point out to the House that this past time of war is best illustrated by our year 330 million pieces of pottery came Mr. STEED. Mr. Speaker, since I rep- experience during World War II. Dur- into this country. That is double the resent one of the largest oil-producing ing 1942, a year in which we could have amount that was imported into the areas in the United States, and perhaps used some foreign oil, we were able to United States just 3 years ago. Every represent more independent oil men than bring in less than 100,000 barrels a day year, every month, the amount of pot- any other Member of the House, I feel from such nearby sources as Venezuela tery being brought into this country in- compelled from time to time to do what and the Netherlands West Indies be- creases. It does so because in the pot- I can to bring to the House information cause of the enemy submarine menace. teries of the United States an average which affects this most vital industry. Today we are becoming increasingly wage of $1.80 per hour is paid. In As you will recall, we tried last year in dependent on oil from sources much far- Japan, which is our largest competitor, the Simpson bill to bring some protec- ther away. In addition, we are ap- the average wage in the pottery industry tion and relief to this industry against proaching a period when atom-powered is less than 15 cents an hour. Seventy conditions that have been growing submarines with almost unlimited percent of all the cost of making pottery steadily worse for the last 2 or 3 years. ranges and armed with atomic torpedoes and glassware is in the labor, because it We were unsuccessful in that effort, but will create a far worse situation than we is a handmade product. conditions in the oil industry have not experienced during World War II. Also, It is only a question of time until all improved. As I view it, the effects of the we are helping develop oil resources in the pottery the United States uses will Randall Commission report and its im- countries much nearer the Iron Curtain be imported from Japan and other coun- pact on the oil industry will become even than they are to us. The Middle East, tries. The amount of pottery that came worse, probably to the extent of wreck- for example, with vast oil reserves is in last year would have furnished 8,000 ing a great segment of the domestic oil directly adjacent to the Soviet Union. men full employment for 1 year in the industry in this country. It is the duty and obligation of this United States. One hundred and thirty The foreign trade policy of the United Congress to see that the trend of in- million pieces of glassware came into the States has been a subject of much dis- creasing dependence on foreign oil from United States. Over half of all the wool cussion recently. It is a subject of vital unreliable sources farther and farther that is used in the United States is im- concern to many domestic industries and away, is reversed and that a policy of ported. The farmers are being deprived to the United States as a whole. Indus- encouragement to our domestic industry of what was once a great source of cash tries with large exportable surpluses is adopted. income with which they could buy the naturally advocate complete free trade Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, I thank products of the factories of this country. and the removal of all possible trade bar- the gentleman from Oklahoma. I note Not long ago an advertisement was riers so they might develop and expand the presence on the floor of my colleague issued for the purchase of $450,000 worth their export markets. the gentleman from West Virginia [Mr. of insulators for the Bonneville power Such a policy, however, can have seri- BYRD), and I yield to the gentleman at project. Those insulators were bought ous repercussions here at home. Many this time to give his reaction of what with money raised from the taxpayers industries have already been injured by it is doing to the coal industry in the here in the United States. The potteries excessive imports from foreign sources. State of West Virginia. and the glass factories in my district, the The petroleum industry, for example, Mr. BYRD. Mr. Speaker, I, too, have farmers all over the Nation, and others has been plagued in its postwar expan- studied the report of the Commission on who were having their markets at home sion efforts by constantly increasing im- Foreign Economic Policy. My first im- destroyed by cheap foreign products, ports which have absorbed a larger and pression, in studying the report, was that paid the taxes to buy the insulators at larger share of the domestic market. Oil an entire section was missing, because Bonneville, and the contract was let to a imports have increased from an average I found no reference to the disturbing firm in Japan. Their own money was of 377,000 barrels daily in 1946, to about problems which are confronting the coal used to purchase the products to drive 1,050,000 barrels daily during 1953. In industry and which are consequent to themselves out of business. 1946, imports provided 7.1 percent of the the lack of adequate safeguards in our I do not think that any of us are unfair total United States demand. Prelimi- present trade policies. However, upon who advocate more protection for seg- nary figures indicate that during 1953, reading the joint statement of dissent ments of our industry in this country imports supplied about 13 percent of our by Mr. REED and Mr. SIMPSON, begin- that are being unduly punished by the total petroleum demand. Thus far in ning on page 99, it was easy to under- present trade agreement program. We 1954 the average is around 1,150,000 bar- stand why such material had not been do not want to stop foreign trade but rels daily. In other words, the United included; and, in this regard, the words we want quotas or tariffs such as will States petroleum industry, during this by these two gentlemen are astonishing: guarantee to our producers a reasonable short period of time, lost a substantial Witnesses in the United States were al- and a fair lowed 2 days for appearance; those appearing share of the market in the portion of its total market outlet. A at private hearings in Europe, whose pri- United States. Unless something is continuation of this trend could lead only mary interest was to obtain help for foreign done, it is only a matter of time until to a weakened domestic industry inca- countries, were allowed 4 days. * * * There hundreds of commodities like watches pable of supplying the Nation's needs is no evidence in the report of serious con- and pottery and glass and all of these in the event of an emergency. sideration of the exhaustive studies prepared things will be produced solely outside of The argument is often used that by and submitted by many affected domestic the United States. Many of them will importing vast quantities of oil from industries. Spokesmen for industries vitally have an adverse effect on the defense foreign areas we provide purchasing affected were not permitted to testify. of this Nation. It was upon the watch- power in those foreign countries which, I am amazed at this fact. Spokesmen makers trained in our country that we is in turn used to purchase American for domestic industries, and for whom depended for the people necessary to goods, thus stimulating our export mar- this report holds the greatest signifi- make the Norden bombsight and other ket. Actually, there is no direct rela- cance, were not allowed to testify. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25 I am amazed that the report gives no West Virginia Department of Mines There is a philosophy in this country recognition to the subject of so great con- which revealed that 170 coal mines closed which has been quite popular for many cern as was expressed and discussed by in West Virginia last year, and that the years. It is one which espouses the be- many Members of this House during the number of employed coal miners had relief that we should spread our wealth 1st session of the 83d Congress with ref- ceded from 125,669 in 1948 to 85,490 as throughout the islands and the con- erence to the disastrous effect which un- of December 1953. This intolerable tinents of the earth in an effort to raise controlled imports of residual oil are situation is not unique in that it is con- the living standards of other peoples. I bringing to bear upon the coal industry fined to West Virginia. The same sit- am one who believes that the time has in this country. I am chagrined to find uation exists in a greater or less degree come when we must listen to the cries of that the sincere pleas which were uttered in other coal mining areas over the our own people. I hear them in the by Representatives from distressed areas country. morning, and I hear them at night; I have been ignored. Certainly, some ef- Only last week one of the newspapers hear them in the streets and thorough- fort could have been made to witness and in my district reported that over 3,000 fares, and I hear their echoes in my study the undesirable conditions that are families were in immediate need of food dreams. I hear the pleas of unemployed being created in the coalfields by the un- in my own county and the adjoining working men asking for jobs wherewith regulated imports of foreign oil; espe- area. I immediately contacted the di- to feed their children. These are the cially would one have considered such a rect distribution branch of the Agricul- owners of industry who have made study to be warranted and justified in the tural Marketing Service and was prom- America a colossus of economic strength, light of the expressed words of the crea- ised by the chief that aid would be given and a refuge of succor and comfort for tive act, to wit: in fulfilling the food needs of these the peoples of other lands. These are The Commission Is directed to examine, families by supplying them from the the same men whose feet have blazed study, and report on the subjects of inter- Federal Government's stocks of food paths across the mountains and through national trade and its enlargement consist- surplus. But this figure does not con- the valleys founding the sites for cities ent with a sound domestic economy. stitute the total number of families in of greatness. Their's are the hands that How can the Commission recommend West Virginia or the United States who have dredged America's harbors and the extension and expansion of certain have been thrown out of work during rivers, built her factories, hewed her existing trade policies in the face of the last year; nor is the agreement by forests, and worked in her mines, storm warnings which indicate that such the United States Department of Agri- Their's are the sons who have given policies are incommensurate and incom- culture to assist in feeding these un- their lives that America and other na- patible with the building and mainte- employed families the answer to the tions might be free. These are Amer- nance of a sound domestic economy? problem. These families do not want to icans-men of every race; to them we I do not criticize the Commission for go on receiving a handout; neither do owe our responsibility. They are the conducting private hearings in Europe if they want sympathy. They want jobs, men whose courage knows no royal over- it saw fit to do so; nor do I wish to be The Randall report implies that seer. They are the men whose strength misunderstood in my appraisal of the American workmen who have become knows no economic or political bounds. Commission's efforts in any way. I am unemployed because of import competi- They are the men whose ingenuity confident that all of its members were tion should migrate to other areas and knows no limits. They are the men sincere and conscientious in their ap- seek new fields of employment, and that whose vision and whose dreams have proach to the problem; but I am dis- affected industries should diversify ex- built the land of the free and the home appointed that, with 3 months remaining isting business or convert to new activi- of the brave, and they are the men upon in which to submit its recommendations, ties of production. How can displaced whose shoulders rests the hope of the the Commission report was "frozen," and coal miners, many of whom are past 45 freedom-loving peoples of the world. the Commission failed to hold hearings years of age, expect to find new employ- Not gold, but only men can make a nation in the coalfields of West Virginia and ment elsewhere? Is it fair to ask other great and strong; some of the other States, thus giving industries and other citizens to absorb Men who for truth and honor's sake stand these displaced workers? How can the fast and labor long; spokesmen of the coal industry and other Real men who work while others sleep, who affected industries an opportunity to be coal industry be converted to the basic dare while others fly; heard. production of anything other than coal? They build a nation's pillars deep, and lift If the welfare of the free world-which Can butter, bombsights, or overalls be them to the sky. seems to be so important, and with which extracted from a coal mine? No, the thought I do not disagree-is depend- coal industry must produce coal. The Mr. Speaker, let us not be recreant in ent upon a healthy economy in this coun- Federal Government last year acted to our duty toward America and her peo- try, I should think that the Commission discourage the development of processes ples-first, last, and all the time. would have looked first at the unhealth- whereby synthetic fuels and other prod- Mr. BAILEY. I thank the distin- ful conditions which are threatening that ucts might be derived from coal. guished gentleman from West Virginia. economy, and to which many of us have Mr. Speaker, the time will soon come Mr. Speaker, I have some 2 or 3 min- been calling attention over the past sev- when we shall again be asked to extend utes' time to place at the disposal of eral months. the provisions of the Reciprocal Trade the distinguished gentleman from Texas The report advocates sacrifices by the Agreements Act for an additional period [Mr. FISHER]. I now yield to the gentle- United States in the field of trade; yet, of time. I hope that, when that mo- man from Texas. the report admits that other countries, ment comes, this Congress will fulfill its Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, I thank on the whole, resort to the use of quotas responsibility toward the people and the the distinguished gentleman from West and high tariffs more than does our own industries of our own country by cre- Virginia. country-to say nothing of exchange ating adequate safeguards in our trade Mr. Speaker, the Randall Commission controls and other devices employed by policies for their protection. I am not report was only recently issued. It is these countries against us. It would an isolationist, but I do plead guilty to rather lengthy; I have not had an op- seem to me that America has made being concerned more about the welfare portunity to study and analyze its con- enough sacrifices. It has lowered tariffs of the United States than about that of tents. I assume it contains many con- to the extent that over half of its imports any other nation, however friendly it structive findings and recommendations; are duty free. Surely the time has come may be. Spokesmen for the vested in- at the same time my impression is that when we must take cognizance of the terests in Europe have been given the it also contains certain weaknesses and signs of strain and overwear in our own opportunity to be heard. Our own peo- defects that are quite obvious. In ap- economic garment before proceeding ple-those most affected-have been de- proaching any phase of international further in our efforts to clothe the rest of nied the same opportunity. I think this trade it is obviously important to con- the world with prosperity. If hearings is undemocratic, and I think it is wrong. sider the policies of foreign countries as must be held in Europe, that is all well I cannot imagine that any jury in this well as our own. Any trade is a two- and good, but let us not turn a deaf ear country would attempt to render a de- way proposition. to the protestations of pur own people cision or make recommendations to the The report does not dwell upon cer- and our own industries. court without first hearing both sides tain trade restrictions and obstruction A few days ago, I extended in the of the case. The same principle is in- policies of foreign countries with which CONGESSIONAL RECORD a report from the volved here. we trade. Many of them engage in mul- 1954 Lu NGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 749 tilateral exchange manipulations, in cur- it the other way, between protectionism mand damages. They do not even ob- rency controls, and various other prac- and war. ject to competition if it is reasonable and tices which have more to do with burden- But what is most questionable about fair. They do not ask for a complete ing international trade than does the the free traders' activity is that their ar- embargo on foreign figs. They are will- tariff. In the case of wool, with which guments are so frequently self-serving. ing that foreign producers be allowed a I am somewhat familiar, there was a re- They all have something they want to reasonable share of the market. duction in the tariff of 25 percent a few sell abroad and they figure they will have They do ask, however, that their for- years ago, from 34 cents per clean pound a better chance of doing so if tariffs are eign competitors be subject to the same down to 251/2 cents. That fact alone reduced or eliminated. If a domestic ground rules, or be handicapped, so to discouraged the wool grower. Many industry is harmed or destroyed in the speak, to an equivalent extent through turned to cattle and other uses of their process that is too bad, but it cannot be imposition of a tariff or a quota. land. Within around 10 years the sheep helped. To soften the blow, they sug- The California fig industry operates population dropped from 48 million down gest that the injured party have his day under a State marketing order. Each to only 28 million. And yet the wool in court and seek damages, or have his grower is assessed so much a ton for the industry is officially recognized as strate- way paid to school so that he can learn purpose of carrying on a program of sci- gic, not only in time of war but also to do something else. entific research aimed at improvement of in time of peace. Anyone who defends tariffs as a na- quality and discovery of new uses for the If a further reduction should take tional policy is immediately labeled by product. An advertising and marketing place in this protection to our domestic the free traders as a protectionist. As if program is also carried on so as to stim- wool industry, you can understand what that were not a bad enough word, he is ulate and increase consumption. would happen. further described as an isolationist and The industry is subject to rigid inspec- It seems to me that before foreign as living in the dark ages as far as eco- tion to insure a sanitary and healthful countries can complain about our tariff nomic thought is concerned. product. policies, they should get their own houses Now I happen to think that tariffs In order to prevent overloading of the in order. Actually the United States is often serve a useful purpose. I believe market, and also to insure a high stand- a low-tariff nation as compared with they can protect American consumers, as ard of quality, a portion of the crop is all the major countries of the world. well as producers. And I do not think diverted for other than human con- We have fewer trade restrictions. If so because I represent a district which is sumption. there are adjustments that can prop- made up of protected industries. Far All of this, of course, costs the growers erly be made, then well and good. But from it. The district is basically agri- money which must be added to the ordi- let us first examine the trade policies cultural. The number one cash crop is nary costs of doing business, such as of the country involved, compare them cotton-and cotton is often associated labor for producing, harvesting, and with our own, and then determine the with the free trade theory. On the other packing. effect such an adjustment may have on hand, there is a large dairy industry, and What then are the conditions under a particular industry. the dairy industry, at least the cheese which the foreign competitors operate? Mr. BAILEY. I thank the gentleman producers, are interested in protection Greece and Turkey are the two major from Texas. Mr. Speaker, in order that from foreign imports. The milk pro- sources of foreign figs. In the first this program may be kept strictly non- ducers, however, are interested in finding place, the cost of labor is nowhere near partisan and in order that we may have a home abroad for surplus milk in de- comparable. Labor costs in Greece and bipartisan representation, it is my pleas- hydrated form. Turkey are far less. There is no re- ure to yield to the distinguished gentle- The grape industry represents a para- search or advertising program for which man from California [Mr. HUNTER], who dox. Raisins and to some extent, grapes, these foreign producers are assessed. has a number of Members of the ma- are exported. To that degree the in- They profit by the advertising program jority party here who would like to ex- dustry is inclined toward the free trade carried on by American growers but they press their grievance on this report.. theory. On the other hand, a large part pay no part of it. They are not required Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, I thank of the grape production goes into wine, under any marketing order to divert a the gentleman from West Virginia for and the American wine industry in order portion of their crop. They do nothing making available this time. There are to survive must have protection against to keep a stable flow of the product into a number of Members here who wish to foreign imports. the market. That is one of the worst speak on the matter and because the A good example of why tariffs are aspects of foreign competition in this time is short I am going to make my own needed is the plight of the dried fig in- field. American fig growers are never remarks rather brief. dustry. It is a small industry-over 90 sure how much and when and at what Mr. Speaker, I wish to take this op- percent located in one congressional dis- price foreign figs are going to be placed portunity to comment briefly on the trict and that happens to be the one on the American market. This nat- statements and recommendations of the which I have the privilege of represent- urally makes for unstable prices and Commission on Foreign Economic Policy ing. There are only about 300 growers marketing conditions. with respect to United States tariff pol- in the business, so they certainly do not Furthermore, foreign figs are not sub- icy. The principal proposal of the Com- constitute a pressure group. But they ject to the same requirements with re- mission in this regard, of course, is that are American citizens and entitled to fair spect to health and sanitation. Despite the United States further lower its tar- treatment by the Government. the efforts of the Pure Food and Drug iffs on imported goods as part of a bold The California fig industry was actu- Administration-which parenthetically program for exerting American leader- ally stimulated by the United States may I say, are not effective, and it is ship in stimulating foreign trade. Government-the Department of Agri- more than lack of funds that is responsi- With this recommendation I do not culture. Farmers in the San Joaquin ble-imported figs are placed on the agree. I do not agree because I believe Valley were encouraged to plant fig trees. market here in the United States that that it would have adverse effects on our The soil and climate were particularly contain an amazing amount and variety domestic economy which would more favorable and there was a market in the of foreign matter-they are truly foreign than offset the advantages to be gained United States for dried figs. Conse- imports-including animal hair, sugar from what increase in international quently a fig industry was born, and mites, and so forth. trade might result. This anticipated still survives, although not as large as it On top of all this, as if the American increase is grossly exaggerated. once was-due in large measure to for- fig grower was not already at a sufficient Unfortunately, the free traders have eign competition and lack of adequate disadvantage, foreign currencies fluc- been selling a lot of people in this coun- tariff protection. As a matter of fact, tuate violently-last year the Greek try a bill of goods. They offer tariff re- what little tariff protection which had drachma was devalued 50 percent- duction as a panacea for most of all of been afforded was cut in half, and only which makes a tariff rate based on our economic ills. Not only is contin- recently restored in part by action of the weight almost totally ineffective. And ued prosperity dependent upon elimina- Tariff Commission. to add insult to injury, the American fig tion of tariffs, they claim, but peace it- Now these fig growers would like to grower is being taxed along with the rest self. History does not indicate anything stay in business if they can. They do not of us to provide foreign-aid money with approximating a direct correlation be- want to put up their trees, even if they which to improve and develop fig pro- tween free trade and peace, or putting have the right to go into court and deduction abroad. Actually he is being CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25 forced to pay for his own possible extinc- Under the Sugar Act of 1948, imports is not merely to try to absorb enough tion. of sugar are determined on the basis imports to balance off what various seg- From what has been said, I hope it is of allocation which assures domestic ments of our economy would prefer to clear that if the American fig industry producers a definite tonnage each year. export, but to convert our national-pro- is to survive, it will have to have pro- While a duty is also levied on imported ductive capacity to the production of tection either in the form of an adequate sugar, the real protection is provided by things which can be absorbed in our tariff or some system of quotas on foreign the quota system. If it were not for own domestic market. The demand is imports. It is well and good to expound this system the American market would unlimited, provided the right articles are on the free trade economic maxim be flooded with imported cane sugar, and offered. We are, in effect, seeking to that each nation should produce that the domestic sugar producers would soon perpetuate a wartime economy when we which it is best fitted economically to become ardent protectionists. are no longer at war-at least an all- produce and the respective products then The domestic tobacco industry is pro- out shooting war. That has involved be exchanged. The free traders lose tected by an ingenious device. The ex- tremendous exports to our friends and sight of the fact, however, that this portation of tobacco seeds is absolutely allies, most of which has never been paid theory to be at all plausible, must as- prohibited. That obstructs the develop- for. What w'e have been and are doing sume certain incident conditions to be ment of production of American varie- is to export our resources with no return equal. Here as I have pointed out in ties of tobacco abroad and hence serves in kind. It is not in our country's best the case of figs, such conditions are not to eliminate competition. interests to continue this arrangement equal. Let the Greek producer pay simi- Detroit, the home of the automobile forever. The Commission is right. The lar wages, maintain similar working con- industry, has produced outstanding sup- permanent answer to the problem of the ditions, contribute to a research and porters of the free-trade theory. I find unbalance of trade is not to give away advertising program, maintain equal them rather inconsistent, however; last the difference. standards of sanitation and quality, and year, after hearing a great deal from Mr. Speaker, I now yield to the gen- turn over a part of his crop to a diver- that area about eliminating all tariffs, I tleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. SAYLOR]. sion program. And then last but not introduced a bill to remove the 10- Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, I appre- least, let his Government maintain a percent ad valorem on foreign automo- ciate the gentleman's courtesy and I stable currency and a realistic exchange biles, which I discovered had been in want to congratulate him and the gen- rate. When all that is done, it will be effect without change during the last 20 tleman from West Virginia on taking an soon enough to talk about free trade. years, while tariffs on agricultural com- active part in criticizing this report which Many people wonder why I concern modities had been reduced by more than I believe is entirely biased and unfair. myself with such a relatively small and half. There has been a strange silence Mr. Speaker, I consider the Randall insignificant industry as the fig indus- with respect to this bill. Apparently the Commission report an affront to the 161 try. The question answers itself. Be- wrong ox is being gored. Members of the House who supported the cause it is such a small industry it is in Another disturbing feature of the Simpson bill in the closing days of the dire need of help. The tree nut indus- Commission's report is the conclusion last session of this Congress. To the try is in much the same situation. Like that America must embark on some kind many others of our colleagues who with- a number of other small industries, they of bold program of tariff reduction and held their support on the assumption get traded away at the trade confer- thus influence the rest of the world to that the Commission's recommendations ences. The larger industries have suffi- do likewise. It might be well to recall would include consideration for United cient influence to make sure that they that America embarked on such a pro- States industries and workers seriously are protected in one way or another. gram over 20 years ago. We have re- injured by unfair foreign competition, This is even true of agricultural com- duced our tariff rates very considerably. the report will be equally repugnant. modities. As a matter of fact, we are today a free- As representative of a district that has Both wheat and flour are not only pro- trade Nation by comparison. What has suffered severely from excessive imports tected by a duty but by an absolute and happened elsewhere? Instead of follow- of residual oil, I strongly resent the Com- inflexible import quota, imposed .under ing our lead, other countries of the world mission's failure to give recognition to section 22 of the Agricultural Adjust- have moved in the opposite direction. this problem. Were it not for the prom- ment Act. World trade today is bogged down in a ise that the gentleman from New York The duty on wheat was reduced from maze of import licenses, quotas, currency [Mr. REED] and the gentleman from 42 cents per bushel to 21 cents and wheat restrictions, and exchange manipula- Pennsylvania [Mr. SIMPSON] will submit flour from $1.04 per 100 pounds to 52 tions, not to mention the common gar- a substitute foreign-trade policy pro- cents under the trade agreements pro- den variety of tariffs. I was surprised gram, and for the sincere efforts of other gram. at some of the things I discovered while individual members of the group who However, only 800,000 bushels of wheat abroad during adjournment. Belgium is were adamant in dissenting from many may be imported annually under the heralded as a low-tariff nation, which is of the recommendations in this dismal quota, or only about one-tenth of 1 per- true. But, what they do not do with document, I would suggest the Randall cent of our domestic crop. Also only quotas and embargoes. For example, "Omission" as a more appropriate name 4 million pounds of wheat flour may be Belgium raises grapes under glass-an for this committee. imported annually. This is equal to expensive hothouse culture. This indus- Briefly let me say that while the Com- about one-fiftieth of 1 percent of the try is protected by an absolute prohibi- mission's conclusions would obviously flour produced in this country. In addition against the importation of grapes. implement the havoc that is being im- tion wheat has been subsidized under Belgium also has what is called a quota ported from foreign refineries, by infer- the International Wheat Agreement to calendar. To illustrate, when domestic ence and omission it has in actuality the extent of more than $600 million in apples are being harvested and on the established a consent case for coal. I call the past 4 years. But for the rigid market, foreign apples are not allowed your attention to page 43, in which a quotas on wheat and wheat flour, Can- to be imported. number of metals and minerals are spe- ada would ship in millions of bushels of In concluding my remarks, which at cifically pointed out as evidence of wheat and millions of pounds of wheat the outset were intended to be confined United States dependence upon foreign flour. to a few brief comments, let me say that sources for raw materials. You see no what is left of our Cotton is also protected by import the elimination of mention of residual oil in this list. It is tariff structure is not going to bring not there because even the most naive quotas under section 22 of the Agricul- about world prosperity or a reform in tural Adjustment Act. Imports are remember of the Commission recognizes the trade practices of our fellow nations. is not and will not be any stricted to less than I percent of our Failure of foreign countries to sell more that there domestic production. The world price in the American market has other causes need whatsoever for importing large of cotton is below the domestic price and than tariffs. It is due, to a great extent, quantities of residual oil into this coun- will probably go lower as world produc- to the fact that many of their products try. Foreign residual oil serves almost tion increases. You can be sure that we just do not want to buy, tariff or no exclusively as a substitute for American- American cotton producers are not going tariff. produced coal in our fuel markets, and to stand idly by and see their own mar- Furthermore, it would appear that the there is enough coal within our borders ket taken away from them. answer to our own economic dilemma to last for a thousand years. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 751 On page 44 is this recommendation: in any year since before World War II If I understand the Randall report, Also our tariff policy toward the needed when our consumption was at an all- its recommendations amount to the sub- materials should be such as to offer them time high. ordination of our domestic interests to a reasonably easy access to the United States Trade barriers of various types used foreign trade policy that is based on market. by other countries prohibited world- fallacious hopes. For the past 20 years. No one will take issue with that sug- wide surpluses of those metals from we have steadily reduced our tariffs until gestion, nor should it require months of being sold any place other than in the we are today one of the low tariff coun- study to reach such a manifest opinion. United States. Our tariffs presented no tries. But other nations have not fol- It is only logical that we encourage in barrier to the great volume of imports lowed our example. They use not only every way possible the importation of and were so low that they gave but little tariffs but quotas, import licenses, mul- materials essential to the welfare of this support to metal prices, which plunged tiple exchange rates, and many other country, but I commend your attention downward under the impact of the flood. devices to stifle trade. The world now to the fact that there is no relationship Most small mines closed shortly after is a trade jungle. between needed materials and foreign the drastic price drops began. The I do not believe that we can accept such residual oil. larger mines have continued operating a report when the policies it advocates It is also important that, while the at break-even or loss figures, rather than have already brought ruin to the domes- Commission utilizes almost 100 typewrit- to shut down and risk the loss of mine tic lead and zinc industry. The absolute ten pages to ignore the miners, rail- workings and ore reserves. requirement of our Nation for a domestic roaders, and businessmen in coal areas In 1951, 9 of the 11 Western States pro- supply of these metals is above doubt. whose economy has been damaged by duced 635,000 tons of lead and zinc-60 Yet this supply source is being systemati- residual oil imports, it inadvertently dis- percent of the Nation's total produc- cally destroyed by unfair foreign com- poses of the extremists who-by advo- tion-worth $206 million. petition which has tremendous advan- cating destruction of all protective trade Nineten hundred and fifty-three pro- tages in labor and other costs. barriers-have loudly protested the duction dropped to 482,000 tons of lead It would not seem that we would so quota which we recommend. These quo- and zinc, worth $100 million. This was soon forget the lessons of the war years tations from the report-"free trade is less than half the worth of 1951 produc- when circumstances required the imme- not possible under the conditions facing tion. The decreased worth reflects both diate expansion of our domestic supply the United States today" and "com- production loss and decreased prices. of these and other critical materials. pletely free trade is not feasible"-should A large portion of the decrease in This need may arise again. We must provide a final answer to that vociferous worth of the metals represents a loss to preserve our domestic supply of these cell of so-called economists who have the economic blood stream of the com- metals, and we cannot do that if we let persisted in promoting the most danger- munity. The workman, the retailer, the industries which mine them perish. ous of all trade theories. wholesaler, farmer, railroader, trucker, It is difficult to reconcile the thinking Everything considered, perhaps our service dealer, tax collector, and stock- in this report with the evident concern best course would be to accept this report loss. about the lead and zinc industry shown holder collectively bear the entire by a Select Committee for what it is, a hodgepodge of vague and Utah's share of the loss in worth of of the House on platitudinous piffle that may appeal to Small Business, and also by a conference metal production is $10,120,000, compar- of western governors who requested con- the palates of international dreamers ing 1953 to 1951. but can contribute nothing toward the gressional action to stop the ruinous The tax loss to the State of Utah on flood of imports of these materials, and welfare and security of this Nation. direct mine taxes-net proceeds, mine It should remind us of the wisdom of similar sentiments registered by the occupation, and corporate franchise- House Ways and Means Committee-all those who drew up the articles of the will be between $150,000 and $200,000. Constitution, for it was they who speci- in the year 1953. The loss on State taxes derived from The wool growers of my district are in fied that Congress shall have the power the circulation of $10 million in wages to regulate commerce with foreign na- a similar plight because of imports. As a and purchasing power is difficult to eval- matter of national concern, I must point tions. Remembering this function, we substantial. must now recover this prerogative from uate but will be very out the dangerous decline in the size of the world meddlers and once again pro- Proponents of free trade, of saving our the flocks in the United States. A loss of vide by law the protection needed by metals by importing from foreign some 45 percent in sheep population in American industries and American sources, buying at the cheapest possible the course of 10 years is reflected also in workers against cheap foreign products, source, and so forth, forget or willfully the figures which show a reduction from Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, with per- overlook several facts discussed in the about 500,000 to 285,000 in the number mission of the gentleman from West following paragraphs: of American farms raising sheep. Virginia, who has control of the time, I The dollars spent for domestic mine If we do not make wool growing more would like to yield to the gentleman from production are effective to their full value attractive to the domestic producers the Utah [Mr. DAwsoN], who will make some in our economic blood stream. It is ques- industry will perish. remarks on the subjects of lead and zinc tionable that more than a small portion There is no future for either of these and wool as affected by the United States of the dollar spent for foreign metals industries under the recommendations tariff policy. returns to circulation here. The few of the Randall Commission. I had, I Mr. DAWSON of Utah. Mr. Speaker, cents per pound saved by buying foreign confess, little hope for this report before as a Representative of an area much con- metal, say by the automobile industry, it was issued, but I find even less to en- cerned with the future of lead and zinc undoubtedly will cost them more than courage me after its issuance. There is mining, I must register my disagreement the saving made, through inability to nothing to do now but for this body to with the report rendered by the Presi- sell cars in the domestic areas suffering reassert its control over foreign com- dent's Commission of Foreign Economic the loss of income. merce. Policy. Once closed down, mines would take Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, I notice There is nothing contained in that re- years and tremendous sums to reopen. that the gentleman from Oklahoma [Mr. port than can lend encouragement to This Nation could not disarm more effec- EDMONDSON], who sought time previous- this industry which has been belea- tively than to lose its power to produce ly, is still here, and I know that his re- guered for almost 2 years by rising unem- metals in an emergency. marks on this subject will be well re- ployment and declining prices. There is Utah lost $10 million last year and the ceived by the Members of this body. At nothing at the heart of this problem but Western States lost $100 million through this time I yield to the gentleman from a mounting flood of imports of these failure to properly protect the lead-zinc Oklahoma. metals at prices which can hardly be industry. If present conditions continue Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, I characterized as short of dumping. It more mines will be forced to close, the want to thank the gentleman from Cali- has been freely conceded by foreign pro- economy of the West will bear further fornia [Mr. HUNTER], and also the gen- ducers, and evidence of this was pre- serious losses, our security will be fur- tleman from West Virginia [Mr. BAILEY], sented to the Commission, that even for- ther jeopardized, and the Nation will for this opportunity to say a word on eign production at present prices is have witnessed the completion of a dis- behalf of the miners, the smelter work- unprofitable. In the United States last arming program advocated by none other ers, the mine and smelter operators, the year we produced less zinc than we have than the agents of Russia. supply houses and the related mine CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25 equipment industries which all tie into from California [Mr. UTT], who is a dustry is decaying and the skills of the the great lead and zinc mining industry member of the Committee on Ways and workers are being lost, while we read of the tri-State area, a great portion of Means, and who desires to speak on this advertisements from Japanese ship- which is located in the Second District subject. yards in American nautical magazines. of Oklahoma. Mr. UTT. Mr. Speaker, I have just These are some of the realities the Mr. Speaker, it has been a concern of struggled through the report of the Com- Randall Commission has ignored. In- mine ever since coming to this House mission on Foreign Economic Policy. stead of proposing measures to correct last January to witness the deterioration The Commission, I regret to report, is them, the Commission has proposed new and the destruction of the lead and zinc suffering an evident case of split person- one-way concessions which would com- mining industry of the tri-State area. ality. Its conclusions and its recommen- pound the injuries already inflicted. There can be no question about the fact dations are at such complete variance The real need is to protect vital domes- that this is a direct result of the mount- that I wonder if this report is not a first tic industries from this low-cost, cheap- ing imports which have greatly increased draft-made public by one of the leaks labor competition. during the past several years. Nineteen for which Washington is so famous. Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, there is fifty-two broke all records for imports On the subject of tariff rates and cus- also present a gentleman from the north- of zinc. Nineteen fifty-three, the first 6 toms administration, the Commission ad- ern part of the State of California [Mr. months, showed a 245-percent increase mits that "no other single field produced SCUDDER], who would like to speak on over the first 6 months of 1952. So, im- such directly divergent statements of al- this subject. ports continue to mount while more and leged fact, so many shades of opinion, Mr. SCUDDER. Mr. Speaker, I have more men become unemployed in this or such diversity of recommendation." read with interest the Randall report and industry. This diversity of opinion must have I cannot find very much in there en- I was interested in hearing the figures been contagious. The report rambles couraging to the economy of the United given by the gentleman from Utah [Mr. between dissent and contradiction, and States. What have we done for the past DAWSON] a few moments ago when he ignores the facts which the Commission 20 years but cut tariffs? It is charged told about unemployment and the de- itself had assembled. that we who espouse the tariff program creased production in his area in 1953. The Commission makes a good case are for high tariffs. That is not true. Let me put into the RECORD here just a for abandoning the reciprocal trade pro- There is nothing more false than to say couple of very salient facts concerning gram which the United States has car- that we, who are trying to protect Ameri- the lead and zinc industry of the tri- ried on for the past 20 years. The United can industry, are for unreasonable State area. The number of mines op- States is no longer a high tariff country, tariffs. erating in the tri-State field in November this the Commission concedes; exports The tariff on wine, a great product of dropped from about 150 in the first part and imports are now in approximate bal- my district, 20 years ago was $1.50 a of 1952 to approximately 20 in Novem- ance and increased foreign gold reserves gallon. It has been reduced to 37 cents. ber of 1953, directly as a result of for- have virtually closed the dollar gap; the Tariffs on numerous other commodities eign competition, according to the head importance of tariff reductions has been throughout the entire country have been of the Tri-State Lead and Zinc Ore Pro- greatly overemphasized while other likewise reduced. I wish they would stop ducers Association, Mr. Harold Chil- countries bind the United States with criticizing us who have fought to protect dress. Imports of lead and zinc metals quotas, currency controls, and other hin- the American workingman and our produced at a much lower cost than the drances to trade; and free trade is im- American economy as being for high American metals have depressed the possible as long as Russia threatens tariffs. American market to the extent that most Communist aggression around the world. I have here an excerpt from a speech operators cannot make a profit on the But having drawn these conclusions, I made last year regarding the tariffs of mining operation. the Commission turns its back on the other countries. I quoted from the Here are some figures on production: facts and recommends a 3-year exten- statement of "Casey" J. M. Jones, execu- production of lead and zinc concentrates sion of the President's authority to ne- tive secretary of the National Wool in the tri-State district has dropped ma- gotiate new trade agreements and would Growers Association, in an article ap- terially during this same period of 1952- give him authority to drastically reduce pearing in the California Farmer, to the 1953. The production of zinc concen- existing tariff rates. The Commission effect that we are one of the lowest, if trates in the early part of 1952 averaged the lowest, tariff countries in the dis- recommends retention of the escape not about 15,000 tons a month in this world. The average rate applying to a clause and peril-point provisions, but trict as compared to about 4,000 tons wants expressly spelled out the fact that tariffs collected on all imports coming month at the present time. about 5.5 per- production the President is authorized to disregard into the United States is As for lead concentrates, findings whenever he finds the national cent. In Canada it is 10.2 percent; in of 3,000 to 4,000 tons a month in early interest of the United States requires it. Italy, 11 percent; in the United Kingdom, 1952 has dropped to about 500 tons a 11 percent; in France, 11.2 percent; in month in November of 1953. The Commission would repeal the laws giving preference to our merchant fleet Australia, 17.1 percent; in Mexico, 22.5 The situation is serious. The President in the shipment of Government-owned percent, and in India, 25.3 percent. of the United States has acknowledged and Government-financed cargoes, and the seriousness of the situation. The I do not see where we are ever going would amend the Buy American Act. to sustain our economy if we continu- Secretary of the Interior has acknowl- which edged the seriousness of the situation. The Commission not only ignored its ously give foreign countries, with We will not have a gun to fire any kind own conclusions in making these rec- we are trading, the benefit every time of ammunition at the enemy if we do not ommendations, it turned its back on the we make a trade agreement. maintain our lead and zinc supply in hardships that low-cost import compe- I believe we should have at those trade this country. It seems to me imperative tition is already imposing upon Ameri- agreement conferences people who are that something should be done about it. can labor, industry, and agriculture. interested in their given commodities. Certainly the Randall Commission has On the Pacific coast, the tuna-fishing I am told there are people vitally in- done nothing constructive. Other Mem- industry is static while the Japanese interested who are not permitted to sit in bers have made reference to the problems dustry is expanding, with an eye on on those conferences, while foreign gov- regarding coal and oil production. Okla- growing United States consumption of ernments rely on advice from such homa is being hit from several directions. tuna. groups who are permitted to be present. It seems to be a special target of adver- Growers, processors, and workers in The plywood industry is presently sity in the situation on imports that ob- the fig, walnut, and almond industries being endangered by imports. Only 2 tains today. I sincerely hope the House see cheap imports cutting into their years ago the tariff on plywood was re- will do something constructive, and that markets. The wool and beef cattle in- duced 50 percent. Plywood, is an im- it will not be along the line of the rec- dustries are at an unfair disadvantage portant industry of the United States ommendations of the Randall Commis- because their foreign competitors bene- and has been threatened severely by sion in connection with zinc and lead. fit from lower wage costs, subsidies, and imports. Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, I notice dumping support from their govern- We have specialty crops in my district there is now on the floor the gentleman ments. The west coast shipbuilding in- like cherries, hops, fish, wool, butter, 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 753 cheese, and meat products. Those prod- through the process of that sort of oper- employment in any other industry in our ucts are all being discriminated against. ation. country. We have been sold down the river Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, I thank I am happy to join my colleague from through nonreciprocal trade agree- the gentleman. From the adjoining Oklahoma, who joins me in the tri-State ments. I think it is time we stop, look, State of Virginia, I notice the presence mining area, in condemning this report. and listen and see if we can revise the of the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. I want to assure the membership that philosophy of this report in some way to WAMPLER], who seeks recognition to as far as I am concerned I am going to give our own American economy a square speak on this subject of United States vote to protect American industry and break. tariff policy. the American workingman in our high- Mr. HUNTER. I thank the gentle- Mr. WAMPLER. Mr. Speaker, may I income and high-level economy in this man from California for his very fine say I believe the report of the so-called country. statement. Randall Commission has not been ade- Mr. HUNTER. Mr. Speaker, I thank Mr. Speaker, I see on the floor of the quate in protecting an industry that is the gentleman from Kansas, and ask House the gentleman from West Vir- vital to the economy of my district in unanimous consent to revise and extend ginia [Mr. NEAL], who I know is inter- Virginia. The Commonwealth of Vir- my remarks. ested in speaking on this subject at this ginia was at one time, and I assume still The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mrs. time. is, the sixth ranking coal-producing HARDEN). IS there objection to the re- Mr. NEAL. Mr. Speaker, I thank the State in the Union. Over 99 percent of quest of the gentleman from California? gentleman for this opportunity to put the production of the State of Virginia There was no objection. in my little word. I have been very comes from the district I have the honor Mr. HUNTER. I now yield back to much interested in this discussion. and the responsibility to represent, the the distinguished gentleman from West Coming from West Virginia, as I do, of Ninth Congressional District. I think Virginia [Mr. BAILEY]. course, one of the principal things I have the coal industry is asking of this Con- Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Speak- been interested in is the coal industry gress reasonable protection. I do not er, will the gentleman yield for a ques- and inasmuch as this has been covered think they have ever asked anything tion? pretty well, I shall not take time to say except that to which they are entitled- Mr. BAILEY. I am glad to yield to much more. However, I do want to em- reasonable protection from foreign com- the gentleman. phasize this fact. West Virginia de- petition. The coal industry has never Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. As I under- pends upon coal and largely upon farm- received subsidies of any type, and I do stand the import of the argument that ing and small industries. All over the not think it is asking for that of this has been made here this afternoon in State of West Virginia we have chemical Congress. I have had a chance to travel opposition to the Randall report, it is plants and glass plants and ceramic very extensively through my congres- that the gentlemen are concerned only plants of one sort or another which sional district during the recess to talk with preserving the jobs of American manufacture and produce materials to people from all walks of life and in workingmen and preserving American which are now largely in competition all economic stations in life. I have business. with foreign products coming into the talked to coal miners and to owners and Mr. BAILEY. That is right. country. We must recognize this one operators of coal mines, to railroaders Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. It has been thing-that wherever you have a little and to independent business people, and the American workingman and the factory, wherever you have a little ac- everyone who is directly or indirectly American businessman who have created cumulation of industry or industrial affected by coal. I want to report to you this high standard of living that we have organization around that you build a today that in my congressional district in this country. community. These small industries in in Virginia, the economic situation is Mr. BAILEY. I thank the gentleman building these communities create home- serious. Unemployment is mounting for his remarks. owners and good, substantial citizens and daily. At one time we had an employ- Mr. Speaker, in conclusion, may I say taxpayers who support their government ment of about 17,000 coal miners. That that it is the intention of the group who and give the type of support to the com- figure has been cut almost in half. I am are critical of the Randall report to con- munity that it needs. Every time we aware that the present dilemma in which tinue this policy of giving individual interfere by introducing products in this the coal industry finds itself is the result Members of Congress an opportunity to country in competition with the products of a number of causes. But my studies express on the floor of the House their of these small industries, we naturally have indicated to me that definitely the reactions concerning what this report, if interfere with the labor and employment importation of cheap foreign residual it is followed, will do to the industries of of that group of individuals, which, in fuel oil is one of the contributing factors. their respective States and of the Nation. a State like West Virginia, constitutes I think it is incumbent upon this Con- Mr. Speaker, I yield back the balance a very great proportion of the labor in gress to take the necessary steps to give of my time, which is 30 seconds. that State. We can look at the whole our basic American industries the pro- labor situation. About 16 million are tection to which they are entitled. organized. The majority of the 16 mil- Mr. HUNTER. I thank the gentle- THE DOG, MAN'S MOST LOYAL lion are engaged in the production of man from Virginia [Mr. WAMPLERI. I FRIEND, NEEDS AND DESERVES materials which ordinarily are produced notice also the presence on the floor of YOUR HELP by your streamlined methods. Inas- Kansas [Mr. the gentleman from Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask much as that is true, those people con- GEORGE], and am pleased to yield to him stitute, comparatively, a small propor- at this time. unanimous consent to extend my re- point in the RECORD. tion of the ordinarily employed in this Mr. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, coming marks at this country. The biggest majority are em- is noted for its lead, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to from a State which the request of the gentleman from ployed by these small industries. It is, zinc, coal, and oilfields, and represent- therefore, necessary, I think, that any- ing the district that has the majority Oregon? thing that is recommended in this report, of such fields in our State, I want to say There was no objection. which I have not had the time to go I have read the Randall report Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Speaker, the re- that of the through, should at least give considera- its entirety, and I find it en- cent order of the Commissioners almost in District of Columbia authorizing the de- tion to the basic things upon which tirely inadequate as far as protecting many of the very important segments of livery of pets impounded in the District our marginal industries is concerned. to organizations and institutions for our national life depend. I am not able show me how we can to criticize this report because, as I say, If anyone can vivisection is receiving the condemnation I have not gone into it, but I do recognize increase our employment in this coun- and opposition of all lovers of animals in there is a great need for a study and a try by destroying our industries in this my congressional district and I am urg- recognition of the rights and privileges country, I should be most happy to try ing that this proposal of the Commis- of small industries to proceed in a man- to follow their reasoning. I have never sioners be revoked by them. ner which will not only render some had anyone show me how, when we de- The Oregon Humane Society, an out- profit to themselves but likewise create stroy an industry in this country by standing institution in the Nation for good employment and make good citizens cheap imports of any kind, we increase the protection of animals, has written C--48 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25 me and I include in these remarks a copy A man's reputation may be sacrificed in a be too proud of what has happened, with of the letter which is as follows: moment of ill-considered action. The people our people being arrested and held cap. who are prone to fall on their knees to do tives on some flimsy pretext. OREGON HUMANE SOCIETY, us honor when success is with us may be And the Portland, Oreg., January 21, 1954. the first to throw the stone of malice when State Department takes no action to lon. IHOMER D. ANGELL, failure settles its cloud upon our heads. have them released. Reprcscntative, State of Oregon, The one absolutely unselfish friend that I want to talk for just a few minutes House Office Building, man can have in this selfish world, the one this afternoon about the tragedy of Pvt. Washington, D. C. that never deserts him, the one that never Richard Keefe, a soldier from River. HON. MR. ANGELL: The recent order of the proves ungrateful or treacherous, is his dog. dale, Md. Commissioners of the District of Columbia A man's dog stands by him in prosperity enabling the seizure of pets from the pound Mr. Speaker, this is an appropriate and poverty, in health and sickness. He will time to point out the dangers of treaty has caused quite a bit of consternation sleep on the cold ground where the wintry among the members of the Oregon Humane winds blow and the snow drives fiercely, law that can and does violate the con- Society. if only he may be near his master's side. stitutional rights of American citizens. The Oregon Humane Society has always He will kiss the hand that has no food to It indicates the necessity of passage of been and will always be utterly and definitely offer; he will lick the wounds and sores that the Bricker amendment without delay. opposed to any animal seizure act and takes come in encounter with the roughness of A number of identical bills are pending this opportunity to express its position and the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper in the House, one of which is my own. policy along those lines. master as if he were a prince. When all In July of last year, Mr. Speaker, a As a member of the board of directors of other friends desert, he remains. When the Oregon Humane Society, you know that riches take wings and reputation falls to treaty was approved known as the Sta- time and time again resolutions have been pieces, he is as constant in his love as the tus of Forces Agreement of Parties to the passed that the Oregon Humane Society sun in its journey through the heavens. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Its would cancel its animal control contract with "If fortune drives the master forth an official designation was Executive T- the city of Portland should such an act be- outcast in the world, friendless and home- 82d Congress, 2d session-and it was come law in the State of Oregon. less, the faithful dog asks no higher privilege signed at London on June 19, 1951. Un- Will you record yourself as being in opposi- than that of accompanying him, to guard fortunately very few people in this coun- tion to such act, as directed in Washington, against danger, to fight against his enemies, D. C.? try, yes, very few Members of Congress and when the last scene of all comes, and were aware that this agreement had Yours truly, death takes the master in its embrace, and OREGON HUMANE SOCIETY, his body is laid away in the cold ground, been signed by American officials and its L. E. WILLIAMS, Manager. no matter if all other friends pursue their real significance has just been revealed. Mr. Speaker, I note from the public way, there by the graveside will the noble by an incident that has recently come Thornett, secre- dog be found, his head between his paws, his to my attention. press that Geoffrey M. eyes sad, but open in alert watchfulness, Board of Commissioners, Mr. Speaker, the NATO Treaty pro. tary of the faithful, and true even in death." vides that foreign courts will have juris- states that the Board officials have re- Senator Vest sat down. He had spoken in against this pro- diction over American soldiers who com- ceived 11,346 letters a low voice, without any gesture. He made while off duty against the percent of the letters no reference to the evidence or the merits mit offenses posal, almost 90 the country where they are sta- coming from out of the city. In contrast of the case. When he finished, judge and laws of received in jury were wiping their eyes. The jury re- tioned. To my knowledge this is the only 881 letters have been where the favor of the order, turned a verdict in favor of the plaintiff first instance in our history for $500. He had sued for $200. United States has ever surrendered juris- I have received many letters from Ore- of the rights of an American sol- and Under the proposal referred to dogs diction gon in opposition to this proposal dier, in time of peace or war. The only none in favor of it. Unquestionably, the in good health, and in many instances a soldier has un- cherished pets of some household, would protection, if any, that reason so many lovers of animals der the NATO Treaty is the promise that throughout the Nation are wrought up be picked up by the pound officials and the surrendered for vivisection. In most he will be given a fair trial under over this order in the District of Colum- and procedures of the foreign bia is due to the fact that this is the cases these dogs find happy homes un- law der the existing regulations but under country. Nation's Capital. It should stand as an And, Mr. Speaker, this brings me to example for the rest of the Nation in the new proposal they would be all turned The tragedy hu- over to institutions for vivisection. It is the point I want to make: upholding legislation, not only for of Pvt. Richard Keefe, a citizen and sol- mane treatment of dumb animals but for a proposal which violates all humane United States, and serving in in general. consideration for which those of us in- dier of the sane and humane legislation France. Keep in mind that Keefe had Among the dumb creatures the dog is terested in the protection of dumb ani- our Constitution, mals have worked throughout the years. certain rights under man's greatest friend. In all literature well known to all of us, but those rights there is no finer tribute to the dog than Mr. Speaker, I trust that every Mem- did not apply under French law. short ber of the Congress who is interested in that paid by Senator Vest in his Keefe, Mr. Speaker, stole an automo- but eloquent eulogy to the dog, which I the humane treatment of dumb animals under this NATO will join bile. He was tried, quote here: me in bringing to the attention Treaty, by a French court and found SENATOR VEST'S EULOGY TO THE DOG of the District Commissioners the ne- sentenced to 5 years cessity, in the interest of the humane guilty. He was Senator Vest, of Missouri, was attending in prison. A habeas corpus action was court in a country town, and while waiting treatment of animals, for the quashing in a Federal court in Wash- of this proposed order providing that instituted for the trial of a case in which he was in- ington and District Judge Edward M. terested, he was urged by the attorneys in a all unclaimed animals in the pound be Curran dismissed the petition and Pri- dog case to help them. He was paid a fee turned over to medical laboratories for prison of $250 by the plaintiff. Voluminous evi- vivisection. vate Keefe remains confined to his dence was introduced to show that the cell in France. He had no right to a defendant had shot the dog in malice, while trial by jury or to an appeal which is the other evidence went to show that the THE TRAGEDY OF PRIVATE RICH- guaranteed by our Constitution. It is dog had attacked the defendant. Vest took true that the treaty has provisions in no part in the trial and was not disposed ARD KEEFE UNDER THE NATO it that create the impression, for pub- to speak. The attorneys, however, urged TREATY that all our him to make a speech, else their client would lic consumption, no doubt, not think he had earned his fee. Being The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under servicemen and women, stationed in the thus urged, he arose, scanned the face of previous order of the House, the gentle- NATO countries will have full protection each juryman for a moment and said: man from Wisconsin [Mr. SMITH] is rec- in criminal prosecutions. "Gentlemen of the jury, the best friend ognized for 20 minutes. Mr. Speaker, what protection did Pri- a man has in the world may turn against Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. vate Richard Keefe get? Here is a con- him and become his enemy. His son or Speaker, in days gone by, Americans scripted American soldier, sent to France daughter that he has reared with loving care were proud to say that their rights fol- to defend it from its enemies, because, may prove ungrateful. Those who are near- flag. Recently we est and dearest to us, those whom we trust lowed the American as the New York Daily Mirror has said, with our happiness and our good name may have been getting away from that con- so well, editorially, "to defend France become traitors to their faith. The money cept and by treaty and other devious from its enemies because France has that a man has he may lose. It flies away ways we find that our rights do not proved in three wars that she is unable from him, perhaps, when he needs it most. always follow the flag. Today we cannot to defend herself." The Mirror goes on 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE to say, "this has already cost the United of allowed error. Rather, it is profligate line backed by 6 million men under arms, States billions of dollars and thousands waste. In the past our military leaders overrun by a few divisions of well trained of American lives." have needed to be, by and large, men and spirited Germans. And let me re- It has been argued by those who sup- principally knowledged in things mili- call, also, that the French Army was be- ported the NATO Treaty that the waiver tary. Today, our military leaders and seeched, ordered, and directed to fight to of constitutional rights for our soldiers the men under them must know and the last man to repel the enemy and was reciprocal in nature, that British understand global concepts, the limits preserve their homeland and families. or French soldiers stationed in the of our economy and ability to produce, Now let us examine into just a few United States would be tried in Amer- and be technically conversant with the of the causes for the condition facing us ican courts under our law. But, I ask, most delicate, costly, and complex ma- today. At best, life in the service was Mr. Speaker, where is the reciprocity? chinery. Mr. Speaker, I warn you, sir, and is no bed of roses. By its very na- Have foreign troops been stationed here the times are rapidly producing a situa- ture it was and is a gypsy existence, out to defend us? If so, where are they? tion wherein strategy, tactics, seaman- of which no man grew or can grow rich. Or are we to conclude that reciprocity ship, and airmanship are no longer the On the other hand, he and his depend- will be invoked in the dim and distant yardstick of coming military leaders. ents formerly lived fairly well and he future? It is a ridiculous contention, The requirements for first class leader- could give his children the advantages of course. ship are now close to genius. Certainly, desired by the average parent, according When Judge Curran denied the plea if this glorious country is to survive we to his place and station in life. In addi- for a writ of habeas corpus he was right. must have in our Armed Forces no less tion, the dignity and nobility of the serv- He had no jurisdiction to issue an order than men in all grades and ranks of ice was a powerful lodestone. The re- to free Keefe? Why? first class cut and concepts. It will ward for a job well done, under anything Mr. Speaker, it was because the Status gain us naught to expend billions for but ideal conditions, was advancement of Forces Treaty had deprived him of the radar screen one hears so much and more responsibility during active his legal rights under the Constitution. about, or perfect the tools required to service, coupled with well deserved and No American judge can order the return cope with undersea warfare, if the man adequate retirement benefits for declin- of Richard Keefe to his family-his wife, who mans the instrument and sets standing years. In short, people in the serv- and two small children. ards for their use and improvement is ice felt theirs was an honorable profes- What can be done, Mr. Speaker? I second rate. I charge you, sir, no ma- sion coupled with incentive in the form say pass the Bricker amendment. Con- chine can bridge the gap between human of accomplishment, advancement, and gress has a responsibility to every man mediocrity and necessary standards security. That the final reward was and woman who is a member in our of performance. Consequently, Mr. death for many was part of the bargain, armed services abroad and to our citi- Speaker, it behooves us to see if we, the and though certainly not given gleefully zens generally to plug a present loop- Congress, are living up to the responsi- was chanced, willingly and bravely. Can hole in our Constitution that allows bility we have to the people, namely, to we be assured of that same unselfishness such treaties and agreements to be en- give them, now, the best in weapons and in the future? On every hand we hear acted without full congressional ap- the men to man them, the better to in- criticism of the military as such. Brass proval. sure our peace of mind and security. hats and stars no longer represent ac- Support the Bricker amendment, and Mr. Speaker, I maintain that we of the complishment-often they are terms of do it now. Congress have admirably discharged our derision. Locker clubs flourish on the obligation to the Nation to obtain the perimeter of all military installations so EXPENDITURES FOR NATIONAL best weapons possible. Conversely, we the men of the ranks can get out of uni- may-though well intentioned-be de- form before going into town or on fur- DEFENSE stroying the potency of our equipment lough. It is to be regretted that the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under and, therefore, ourselves, by overlooking, mere wearing of the uniform has led to previous order of the House, the gentle- yes, even neglecting the man behind the jibes, derision, insult, and even alterca- man from Florida [Mr. SIKES] is recog- gun. On every hand one sees or hears tion between servicemen and the civil- nized for 15 minutes. signs that unmistakably point to derelic- ians they have so magnificently de- Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, at a time of tions. General Bradley and others of fended. You will recall, Mr. Speaker, crisis, when roughly 60 percent of the proven competence and integrity tell us that our own committees have laid evi- Government's income, measured in the morale of our armed services is de- dence before this House of discrimina- billions of dollars, is going to and for clining from causes from without. De- tion against the military by landlords. defense, I think we should pause and partmental secretaries, and their chiefs Where they can obtain rental units, they take stock of the men who are expending or heads of bureaus, report an alarming are often gouged. At a time when the this huge outlay of our natural and and growing rate of officer resignations wages of industry largely have been tied monetary resources. Let us pause, and and the loss of the hard core of the to the price index in an inflated econ- see if the armed services, which recently trained noncommissioned officer through omy, the income of the military has re- produced President Eisenhower, Mac- failure to reenlist. In those Reserve offi- mained fixed and stable. By and large, Arthur, Marshall, Bradley, Patton, cer-training programs that offer transfer it is not realistic when gaged with pres- Leahy, King, Nimitz, and Halsey, and to the Regular service, only 10 percent ent-day costs of living, to say nothing of the excellent personnel of all grades and are now applying. This failure on the the responsibility discharged. What a ranks who supported them in our time part of the Nation's largest employer to bitter pill it must be, Mr. Speaker, for of direst peril, can reasonably be ex- obtain and hold what is needed, is, in my the military man so often to see his pected to produce others of similar opinion, Mr. Speaker, due almost entirely counterpart in civilian life with parallel valor and capability should they again to the fact that the service as a way of education and training, with less re- be needed, though God perish the life is losing its attractiveness unless sponsibility, receiving much more than thought. something is done, we can look forward the pay of the service contemporary. In Short of war, Mr. Speaker, the coun- to a time in the foreseeable future when spite of that, and all else that I have try needs and must have men of the the services may be manned principally enumerated, there was until recently, highest caliber of talent and mentality by only those who are serving their time Mr. Speaker, little cause for real alarm. in our Armed Forces. In these days, out and those unable to obtain adequate What made the pill possible to swallow unlike the past, we have become a global employment outside of the service; or if was that there was public respect for the nation and the vastness of the respon- new to the service, those in uniform be- job being done, and emoluments, in addi- sibility imposed on our military person- cause of the draft. Wherein, may I ask, tion to pay, were available to the service- nel staggers the imagination. The will we then find security? Do we de- man and his family; hence, they could physical instruments with which they lude ourselves into believing that orders make both ends meet. must work are so complicated and or directives from this august body make Recently, however, the picture has costly, coupled with the fact that so for or inspire espirit de corps, or that changed. Lessening world tension may much of every tool of defense must come such a lack can be overcome by sheer be producing its inevitable drop in from materials we cannot and do not numbers? If there be some among us America's appreciation for the personnel produce, that their injudicious of in- who are so inclined, just let me point to of our armed services. I fear that we correct use no longer falls in the realm the collapse of the impregnable Maginot already are going back to the peaks and CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE January 25

valleys of preparedness which previous- basis, at the pleasure of the Navy De- leadership we need in all grades and ly have been so costly. Surely no think- partment, with no prospect of security ranks, the currently bad morale of our ing person believes the threat to Ameri- for the future. Armed Forces will continue to worsen to ca from communism has become any Service in out-of-the-way locations our ultimate and early peril, less real, yet there is a widespread indif- provides an illustration. It is often ference to this threat on the part of our necessary to pay civilians a high bonus people. in order to get them to work at many of INCREASE IN COMPENSATION FOR I feel that benefits to the Armed Forces the remote bases operated by the armed MEMBERS OF ARMED SERVICES should be increased and that a direct services all over the world. But service Mr. "WILSON of California. Mr. pay boost is a simple, logical, and proper personnel must accept this inconvenience Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ex- course. Since the Career Compensation and the consequent hardships with tend my remarks at this point in the Act was enacted in October 1949, pay nothing except, in some cases, a few per- RECORD. of the military has had an average in- cent of foreign-duty pay. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to crease of only 5.7 percent while the cost Decrease in percentage of reenlist- the request of the gentleman from of living as of November 1953 was 13.3 ments is a serious matter, not only in in- California? percent higher than in October 1949. dicating lowered morale and loss of There was no objection. The hourly wages of production workers trained personnel, but financially also. Mr. WILSON of California. Mr. or nonsupervisory employees in Ameri- It costs thousands of dollars to train a Speaker, I have today introduced a cost- can industry-the category correspond- recruit up to an NCO-technician level, of-living pay bill for members of our ing most closely in skills to enlisted and ties up many valuable men as in- armed services. This bill contains simi- grades-rose over the period October structors. Thus the small amounts saved lar provisions to the one introduced in 1949 to April 1953 by 25.9 percent. In- by the fringe benefits and other methods the last session by our distinguished col- creases for executive positions corre- aimed at taking money and privileges league, the gentleman from Pennsyl- sponding to officer grades have received away from armed service personnel are vania, the Honorable JAMES VAN ZANDT, increases which exceed to a consider- wiped out many times over by the loss As a member of the Armed Services able degree the increase in the cost of of trained personnel and the time and Committee I made an extensive investi- living. Civil-service employees receive money required to train more. gation during the last recess into the an increase of 10 percent, for most I could go on, and in detail present morale of our servicemen and women. grades, effective July 1, 1951. instances whereby the rules have been I am convinced that the current morale There are many points which deserve changed, sometimes in the middle of the problem is primarily one of economics. consideration. Today, the widow of a game, in a game wherein the contestants The serviceman and his family have deceased career person receives less dare not protest too loudly in public, or been unable to keep up with the rising benefits than her Reserve counterpart, quit. I am reluctant, however, to impose cost of living, and consequently our en- though the eternal sacrifice is similar further on the indulgence of the House. listment rates have reached an alarm- for both, the loss just as tragic, and the Rather, I would like to sum up now and ingly low point. Our highly trained need as great. We cut accumulated leave my remarks for my colleagues to technicians in the various services find leave accrual for all by one-half. Con- ponder. The morale of the Armed Forces outside pay too much at variance with sequently, hundreds upon hundreds en- and, therefore, the security of this coun- the pay offered to career service people. gaged in stemming the surging tide of try, is at a disturbingly low ebb. I be- Low service pay rates, which have not communism, whether here or abroad, lieve that the great majority of the ills been increased since 1949, combined could not or did not take the leave that can be overcome by monetary medica- with a steady whittling-away of benefits was theirs as a matter of right. Such tion. I believe, also, that money so spent that have been judged a part of their persons have not only lost their leave, will be earned and repaid a thousand- pay, has brought about the current but all right to or for it. Those engaged fold. I fear further that our military alarming situation. in vital and necessary extrahazardous leaders have unknowingly softened dis- I know that I am expressing the con- pursuits are enjoying anything but a cipline in an unconscious effort on the sidered opinion of the Secretaries of the sinecure in the extra pay they receive. part of the services to save and keep services and of high ranking military Hardly a month passes without some what it has, at almost any cost. I say, men when I say that morale of the serv- major attack on this incentive as well too, Mr. Speaker, that all reports I have ice is one of the most troubling military as on the principle of hazardous duty seen have only lightly touched on an im- problems today. With reductions under compensation. portant and the most worried and dis- way in nearly every branch of the serv- The case of long-time Reserve officers turbed segment of all-the service wife. ice, we are going to be more than ever is one of uncertainty and lowered If we can rebuild the spirit of the service dependent on a hard core of trained morale. I cite the case of one Naval wife we have won much of our battle. career service personnel who can keep Reserve officer as an example. After 1 It has rightly been said, Mr. Speaker, their minds on their jobs and not on the year of post-high-school education he that the hand that rocks the cradle problem of barely making ends meet. entered the Navy's V-5 program and rules the world. Let us hope and strive, We have heard testimony by various was given the equivalent of another therefore, for a happy and contented experts to the effect that it costs thou- year's education, enough to qualify him first-class service family, to the end that sands of dollars to train the average serv- for training as a naval aviation cadet. we will not have to rely on a service iceman today in the highly technical He was eventually commissioned and composed of second-class material in a fields of electronics, radar, chemistry, has served as a naval aviator ever since. first-class crisis. Let us do all that we and similar fields. It seems penny wise In the spring of 1950 he was due for re- can to insure that the billions we are and pound foolish to train men at great lease to inactive duty and had enrolled now spending for defense are not utilized expense and then invite them to leave at Georgia Tech in order to complete and expended by personnel who live and the service through the device of sub- his education and obtain an engineer- perform solely by the book, and can stantially underpaying them. If we are ing degree. But when the Korean think only in the millions. to depend for the protection of ourselves "police action" occurred, his separation Allow me, Mr. Speaker, to point out, and of our loved ones on an alert, orders were cancelled and he is still on in closing, that the defense and security strong, competent armed force, then it active duty, 28 years of age, married and the country needs now, and which we is fundamental that we consider a pay with two children, and the equivalent must guarantee now, for the future, can- raise bill immediately. of 2 years of college education. He has not be found or bought in any bargain always wanted to make the Navy his basement. We must face the facts. In- career, but the Navy will not take him dustry, and other civilian pursuits, are UNEMPLOYMENT IN EASTERN because he has not a college degree, competing with the Armed Forces for KENTUCKY which the Navy has prevented him from men of all grades, ranks, and specialties, The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under obtaining. With close to 10 years of of the quality the services are losing, or previous order of the House, the gen- naval service, he is classed as one of the not obtaining. The country must have tleman from Kentucky [Mr. PERKINS] is long-time Reserve officers-and there these men in uniform. As long as there recognized for 30 minutes. are thousands like him in the Navy are insufficient monetary and profes- Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, I take alone-serving on a month-to-month sional incentives to attract and hold the this time to speak about the serious un- 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 757 employment condition that now exists Mr. PERKINS. I yield to the gentle- ment. Towns set up housing authorities in eastern Kentucky. man from Alabama. and built more than 20 housing projects. The year ending 1953 reflected certain Mr. ELLIOTT. Mr. Speaker, first I Hospitals and health centers have been economic developments that cannot be want to commend the gentleman from constructed. Roads and highways have fully evaluated at this time. In many Kentucky [Mr. PERKINS] on the subject been built at an accelerated pace. Busi- sections, business remains good with em- matter of his address. The serious un- ness and professional men and women ployment at a relatively high level. employment existing in several areas of have given of their time and thought in There is one alarming note in the Cen- the country should be brought clearly to an effort to help solve the problems. sus Bureau report of a decrease of 700,- the attention of Members of Congress. Some new industry has been brought to 000 in the number of people employed As a matter of fact, I think it would be the area, but still we are faced with the for the month of December 1953. This well that the problem be considered by same problem of unemployment that is is a paradox as the report also indicated the entire country. now stalking the coal fields of America. an increase of only 422,000 in the num- The question of what should be done Kentucky is suffering, as you have so ber of unemployed. What happened to by the Federal Government to aid those forcefully pointed out. West Virginia, the 280,000 other persons plus the normal areas in economic distress has been a southern Illinois, Maryland, Pennsyl- increase in population is difficult to ex- problem with which I have wrestled, as vania, and other States where coal is plain. the gentleman knows, in recent years. produced are beset with the same prob- This increase in unemployment, With the indulgence of the gentle- lems. whether it be 420,000 or 750,000, need man, and as a background for what he is I want to say to the gentleman that if not be alarming from a national stand- saying, I would like to revamp some of those of us who represent the States point, but the increase is not uniform. the facts that stand out in my expe- where unemployment is widespread In some communities there has been lit- rience with the problem. worked together, perhaps we can evolve tle increase in unemployment while in Today, unemployment in Walker Coun- a workable plan which will go at least a a few there may have been an actual de- ty, Ala., my home county, stands at 12 part of the way toward solving this crease in unemployment. In many in- percent. In round figures, I might say problem. stances, however, the increase in unem- that the total civilian labor force of I know that the gentleman from Ken- ployment has been rapid and critical. Walker County, Ala., is 16,000 people, tucky is a member of the House Commit- I have personally observed a tragic ex- and of that labor force 2,000 are present- tee on Education and Labor and, as such, ample of the latter group in my home ly unemployed. that he has been active, as have I, in at- community in eastern Kentucky. I have The Seventh Congressional District of tempting to work out a formula of aid for also had similar reports of other com- Alabama, which I have the honor to rep- education in the field of schoolhouse munities in Virginia, Alabama, Massa- resent here, produces large amounts of construction. Such a program would be chusetts, Pennsylvania, Illinois, and coal. As a matter of fact, it customarily beneficial to his State and to mine. As Michigan. I feel that there are many produces about 40 percent of all the coal a matter of fact, I contend and believe others with conditions somewhat similar produced in Alabama. The plight of that such a program would be beneficial to those in the coalfields of eastern this coal-producing area is illustrated by to every State of the Union. I realize Kentucky where more than 1 person out the fact that just a few years ago Ala- that there is opposition to the program, of 5 is unemployed with little or no bama produced 18 million tons of coal but if the need of the areas of high un- prospects of finding a job in the immedi- annually. Last year its production was employment could be forcefully brought ate future. This does not mean that 12 million tons. However, these figures before the country, I believe that the these workers are permanently unem- do not tell the whole truth about unem- American people would feel that a pro- ployed as they have always shown a re- ployment in the industry. While two- gram of schoolhouse construction in sourcefulness and initiative in finding thirds as much coal is being produced as. areas of high unemployment might be work that is almost unbelievable. For formerly, that two-thirds is being pro- one program that the Government at the past 3 years they have been mi- duced with less than half the number of this time could reasonably undertake. grating to northern industrial areas such employees formerly required to produce Also, I feel that there should be insti- as Michigan. However, the large num- coal. Coal mining is becoming more and tuted immediately a full-scale investiga- ber of recent layoffs in the Michigan area more highly mechanized with each pass- tion and study of the entire coal indus- reaching over into Ohio and Indiana has ing day. This fact is helping coal to try. On March 13, 1950, I introduced a eliminated this source of new jobs so continue as one of our highly used bill, H. R. 7660, which had for its purpose that we now face the problem of a high sources of energy. But the mechaniza- the establishment of a commission on unemployment rate which is being in- tion of the mines, whether large mines the coal industry to study the problems creased by the.return of a substantial or small mines, is resulting in fewer and of the industry and suggest suitable leg- portion of those who have left home and fewer people being employed to produce islation to bolster, strengthen, and im- obtained jobs in other industrial cen- America's coal. prove the industry. It is my intention ters. Coal in substantial quantity is also to reintroduce this bill on Wednesday The unemployment insurance claims produced in Marion, Winston, Cullman, next, and I trust that it may have the load in Kentucky for the months of No- and Blount Counties. To a lesser de- support of the House to the end that vember and December of 1953 was the gree, it is produced also in Fayette such a commission might get started largest of any November or December County, in the Seventh Congressional with its work. since the program began in 1939. In District. I mention these facts to show Also, I feel that river-and-harbor im- March of 1951 the rate of insured un- that the Seventh Congressional District provement projects that are clearly employment in the Nation was just un- of Alabama has a most substantial in- shown to be badly needed in the areas of der 3 percent while in Pike County, Ky., terest in the subject matter.of your ad- high unemployment should be given pri- it was just over 7 percent. The nation- dress. We have suffered to the point ority for construction at this time. I al rate was at the same level in March that fewer than 50 percent of the peo- was disappointed last year when the ad- of 1953 while in Pike County, by Decem- ple engaged in mining in that area 10 ministration refused to budget new proj- ber of 1953, it had increased to 21.7 per- years ago are today so employed. ects. If the Federal Government could cent or approximately 6 times the na- The Department of Commerce by its proceed now to do the river improve- tional rate which is only slightly above survey of 1950 found that Walker, Win- ments needed in the 7th Congressional 3 percent at this time. The insured un- ston, Marion, and Blount Counties were District of Alabama, such improvements employment rate for the entire eastern critical from the standpoint of unem- would go a long way toward alleviating Kentucky area is approximately 18 per- ployment. This was related primarily to existing unemployment. For instance, cent or 5 times the national average. In the severe decline in coal mining. Some on the Warrior River, which drains ap- addition to this total unemployment pic- time later the Labor Department took proximately 50 percent of the 7th Con- ture, a large number of workers in the over the statistical work of determining gressional District of Alabama, there is area including practically all the miners areas of greatest unemployment in the badly needed at the present time new are receiving only part-time employ- United States, and Walker County, Ala., locks and dams to take the place of ex- ment of less than 3 days per week. my home county, was placed on that list. isting dilapidated and worn-out locks Mr. ELLIOTT. Mr. Speaker, will the People in my area exerted themselves and dams. In addition, there is badly gentleman yield? wonderfully to accomplish more employ- needed, in my judgment, at least three 758 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25 dams on the headwaters of the streams Defense Department. The rider that trict in Kentucky for a considerable area making up the Warrior River, so as to was placed in the appropriations bill last and distance. I have great regard for regulate the flow of water in the river, year permits the matching of the low the gentleman from Kentucky and also improve its navigation, and generate bid. The present order does not go that his people. As a matter of fact, while I electric power, and perform other bene- far. was campaigning for Congress 2 years ficial results. On the other side of the I feel that the suggestion from the ago I very accidentally got over into his district is the great Tennessee-Tombig- gentleman from Alabama in connection district one day and spent almost a day bee project, the building of which would with the school construction program is there not knowing that I was in Ken- add so much to the internal strength of well taken. We all know the need for tucky. - It was reported to me that I this country. such a program. There is no necessity almost carried one of his counties over The Government now has a program to advance any argument for such a pub- there. dealing with purchases from areas of lic-works program. As it happens, the However, the interests of his district high unemployment. Unfortunately, survey has already been made through- and mine are very similar and the make- this program has not brought much re- out the Nation of the various needs for up of the people is very similar. As I lief to coal-producing areas. school construction by the State depart- said earlier on the floor of the House As the gentleman goes ahead with his ments of education. During the second today, the problems that confront my speech, I would like to have him give us session of the 81st Congress the Federal people also confront his people. We the benefit of his well-considered views Government appropriated $3 million for have mass unemployment in the coal on some of the questions I have raised. this survey which was matched by the fields of southeast Kentucky and south- He realizes, as I do, that areas of heavy States on a formula basis. The gentle- west Virginia. unemployment are cancerous spots on man from Alabama, along with myself I think it is well for this House to give our economy which must not be allowed and many others, actively participated due consideration to this very important to spread. in making the funds available for this problem. I think it might be well for As one who has worked on this prob- school survey. us to give consideration to the suggestion lem of unemployment for several years, It is my information that these the gentleman from Kentucky has made I want to say to the distinguished gen- plans have been practically completed that perhaps in this present dilemma tleman from Kentucky that I am happy throughout the Nation. I know that of it might be well for our Government and that he is giving his time, thought, and the 13 counties which I represent the this Congress to give consideration to attention to the matter. The gentleman plans have been completed in 12 of those public works programs to alleviate this and I came to Congress at the same time, counties. I recently had a conversation situation, that is approaching the dis- and I have had occasion to know and ob- with the school superintendent in the re- astrous right now. serve intimately his work in the Con- maining county-Pike County-where The gentleman from Kentucky has gress. I know of no Member who is more the plans have not been reported to the given much time and thought and study dedicated to the service of his people State department. However, the super- to this problem. I am aware of the fact than is the gentleman from Kentucky intendent of schools imparted to me that that he has talked to a number of groups [Mr. PERKINS]. the report for this particular county in his district and conferred with peo- Mr. PERKINS. I wish to thank the would show that $17 million is needed ple in my district. I believe he will find gentleman from Alabama for his contri- immediately for school construction. that the people of the coal-producing bution. As it happens, the gentleman He further informed me that 61 one- areas of this Nation, my district and his from Alabama and I both came to Con- room schools and 56 two-room schools district included, would be very receptive gress at the same time, and at present were still in use in Pike County. to a program of this nature. we are each representing areas with a Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, will the It so happens that the terrain of my high unemployment rate. The gentle- gentleman yield? district and much of it in his district man's problems are very similar to some Mr. PERKINS. I yield to the majori- is such that it would be ideally situated of the problems in the district that I ty leader the distinguished gentleman for the Government to develop flood- represent. from Indiana. control dams. It is my understanding is a more con- Mr. HALLECK. I want to say, first of that the Corps of Engineers have in their I do not think there long-range planning authorized the conscientious Member in this body than CARL all, that I certainly have the greatest in- ELLIOTT. He has always worked for the terest in the situation as it has been destruction of these dams, although there welfare of his country and district, has scribed here today in the coal mining has never been an appropriation made areas. Reference was made to a survey for them. I think it is well that we give always been aggressive in trying to find some serious thought and study to this some solution to this unemployment that was made in respect to school needs. problem in these distressed areas I was just wondering if there has been proposition. throughout the Nation. a survey made of this problem that would Mr. PERKINS. I wish to thank the his contribution. I am of the opinion that we will be indicate how much of this difficulty at able gentleman for relief under the present the coal mines might be attributable to The gentleman represents a coal mining unable to get any section in southwestern Virginia and order of the Office of Defense Mobiliza- loss of markets, to competing fuels like tion. As I understand, that order pro- oil or gas, or whatever it may be, or has always been concerned with the vided for the allocation of Government through the development of hydroelec- welfare of all the people in his district. contracts in labor-surplus areas up to 30 tric power, as compared with the im- We have talked our problems over on percent and gave tax relief to defense pact of imports. many occasions, and I wish to say to the plants that were constructed in these Mr. PERKINS. There has been a gentleman that he will receive my areas. The present order eliminated the great loss of markets on account of com- wholehearted cooperation in connection bid-matching features which existed peting fuels. That fact cannot be de- with his efforts to get reservoirs con- under the former policy. It seems to me nied, and for that reason we have .been structed in his district. I am hopeful that the prohibition against permitting trying to get assistance, by reason of less that we will be afforded the opportunity the low bidder in a distressed area to importation of so much residual oil within the next few weeks to present our match the low bid in a noncritical area which in all probability displaced ap- whole problem to the House Public will to all intents and purposes kill the proximately 35 million tons of coal last Works Committee. Both of our areas effectiveness of the present order insofar year. I think the record discloses that suffer from the lack of industrial water. as giving immediate relief to these dis- approximately 140 million barrels of oil COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY, stressed areas. In fact, I believe that were dumped on the eastern seaboard DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY, some differential if necessary should be from Venezuela. Frankfort,January 5, 1954. provided for in order to channel defense Mr. WAMPLER. Mr. Speaker, will Hon. CARL D. PERKINS, areas. The the gentleman yield? Congress of the United States, contracts into these critical House of Representatives, tax-amortization feature, in my judg- Mr. PERKINS. I yield to the gentle- Washington, D. C. ment, should be modified to include any man from Virginia. DEAR Mn. PERKINS: At the request of Mr. plant instead of being limited to defense Mr. WAMPLER I wish to commend O. B. Hannah, Kentucky director of unem- plants. Under the present setup the able the gentleman from Kentucky for his ployment insurance, I am sending you the and capable gentleman from Jasper, Ala., remarks here today. I might say that following unemployment insurance claims will not be able to sell any coal to the my district in Virginia adjoins his dis- data for November and December 1953: The CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 759 average weekly number of continued claims surance, and the amount of unemployment tons and in 1953 our tonnage was only for each county in your distr:ct, this average insurance benefits paid during the 2 around 40,000, which would be less than 4 weekly number of claims as a percent of months. This information is shown in the days operation at our full calculated capacity employment covered by unemployment in- table below: of 3,162,500 tons per year of 250 working days. Arcrage weekly number of claimants and monthly benefit payments for selected eastern Kentucky counties The national demand for coal has dropped approximately 20 percent from Average weekly num- Ci rnt of Amount of unemploy-bc the wartime peak of 600 million tons ber oa continued Claims as pereento ut oum - claims covered employment omnt nsurnce ben-p annually. County STONE, KY., January 20, 1954. December November December November December November Hon. CARL PERKINS, 1953 1953 1953 1953 1953 1953 Member of Congress, Washington, D. C. DEAR SIR: I am writing 5,010 2,897 10.5 $30, 693 you in reference to a condition that exists in not only your Pikie------1,974 1,127 12.3 130, 160 district but all over the Nation at the pres- Ma;irtin ------30 19 7.1 1,820 ent time. 240 153 10.0 14,561 John.u...... ------As you know the unemployment roll is l; conrili------100 64 26.8 6,280 Floyd...------995 636 11.8 68,350 growing day by day and especially in the Knott...... ------316 170 42.8 15,861 coal fields. In the Williamson, W. Va., field lerry-....------852 458 7.5 44,431 which includes the Pond Creek section of 503 270 6.1 25,230 Letcher..------Pike County, Ky., there is at the present time over a thousand unemployed coal The average weekly number of continued will continue but there are no indica- miners. These men are honorable men and claims filed is probably the best indication tions that conditions will improve in the are willing to work for a living but work does we can give you of the number of persons immediate future. I, for one, do not pro- not exist for them; not in the coal industry filing for unemployment insurance in these pose to stand idly by and say either that or any other field of employment, as we have counties. Claims as a percent of employment found out. indicates the economic impact of Insured prosperity is here to stay or that another There is at the present time, in Govern- unemployment in your area. boom is just around the corner. The ment warehouses, a large amount of sur- You will note that the situation in De- following list of mines that have closed plus food. Several proposals have been pre- cember seems substantially worse than was in the past year with the number of men sented recently by the present administra- the case in November. In November we pre- affected in the Hazard, Pikeville, and tion as to what should be done with these pared special labor market reports for use Williamson, W. Va., areas is far from commodities and I think that no better pur- by the Department of Labor in classifying encouraging: pose could be served that to use these com- eastern Kentucky areas in the critical labor Hazard area modities to feed the needy people of our that time, we estimated own Nation especially the disabled and un- surplus group. At MINES CLOSEDAND MEN AFFECTED that there were 2,700 unemployed In the employed. Prestonburg area which was equivalent to Columbus Mining Co. No. 9------. . 42 At the present time the Salvation Army, 11.8 percent of the labor force, 1,850 in the Columbus Mining Co. No. 10-..----.. 46 of Williamson, is receiving a small amount pikeville area which was equivalent to 12.7 Meem-Haskins Coal Corp------. - 220 of Government surplus which is being used percent of the labor force, and 1,970 in the Kentucky Blue Grass Mining Co--..-- 220 for that purpose by Capt. Harold Davis, who Hazard area which was equivalent to 9.1 per- Black Gold Mining Co ------.. . 70 is in charge of the Williamson office, but it cent of the labor force. These latter figures Fourseam Coal Corp. No. 4------.. . 140 is only a drop in the bucket in comparison are not strictly comparable with unemploy- Wisconsin Coal Corp.------_--_--_ - 125 to what is needed and if something isn't done ment insurance data as they are more in- Carrs Fork Coal Co. No. 4----_----- 175 soon some people in this district will be in clusive. However, they are the data used to Harvey Coal Corp No. 8------100 destitute condition. classify areas as to their labor supply situa- East Central Coal Co------67 Cutshin Coal Co------. 181 tion. In the light of 6 percent being con- Yours respectfully, critical situa- Bulan Coal Co------43 sidered as the beginning of a JACK MEADOWS, to be very little doubt that Kenmont Coal Co---...------....- 111 tion, there seems President, Local 5728. these eastern Kentucky areas are in relatively poor economic shape. Total ....------. . 1,540 The canalization of the Big Sandy We hope that these data will serve your Pikeville area River and the modernization of the locks do not hesitate to call on needs, and please MINES CLOSED IN 1953 AND MEN AFFECTED and the development of navigation on us for anything else we can furnish. Caudill-Ward Coal Co., Federal------. 30 Very truly yours, the Kentucky River is one of the answers White House Coal Co--.------.... 86 V. E. BAINES, Commissioner. to our economic problem in eastern Ken- Premium Elkhorn Coal Co------.. By DAMON W. HARaRsoN, 8 tucky. These long needed improve- Eastern Gas & Fuel Associates--.---. 239 Assistant to Chief, Research and Statistics. ments can be done now by the utilization Top Hat Mining Co------64 of a portion of the labor of the more than The purchasing power of the area is HiHat Elkhorn Mining Co------74 persons in these 2 drastically reduced and business failures Lambert Co------...... ------72 60,000 unemployed are approaching the rate of the depres- Kentucky Fuel Co----. --.------.. 105 valleys pending a revival of the demand sion years in the early thirties. This for coal which economists predict will area was certified by the Secretary of Total------.... .------.. 678 double by 1960. There is also a need Labor as group IV or .critical labor sur- Kentucky mines in the Williamson, W. Va., for reservoirs on the headwaters of adequate to maintain plus area in July of 1953, but the De- area these two streams partment of Commerce has not yet made MINES CLOSED IN 1953 AND MEN AFFECTED a year-round flow of water sufficient for a report on the production facilities Earlston Coal Co----.--. ------79 both navigation and industrial uses. These essential public works programs which is required to make this certifica- Emperor Coal Co., Stone division--... 295 tion effective. At that time, the overall Emperor Coal Co., Freeburn division-- 121 will represent a total cost approximately rate of unemployment was approximate- equal to the wage loss which will accrue Total ------495 workers of these two ly 10 percent and the unemployment in- to the unemployed the calendar year of 1954. surance data indicates that this rate has During the month of December, three valleys during This will increase the earning power of almost doubled during the last 6 months coal companies at Hazard, Ky., filed vol- the residents of this area for generations of 1953. In the meantime, the affected untary petitions of bankruptcy. There area has spread to include is no hope that these mines can be re- to come and add to the economic parts of the and in particular adjacent States of Virginia, West Vir- opened for several months nor is there strength of the Nation ginia, and Tennessee and there are in- any indication that the other closed to the development of the atomic plants dications that this spread may continue mines will resume operations at any time now located in the Ohio Valley. until it overflows into the Ohio and this winter. Others have had repeated There is also immediate need for the Michigan unemployment area which layoffs with no recalls. The Mountain modernization of the school facilities of would constitute the beginning of a ma- States Coal Corp. at Pikeville, Ky., gave this area. The survey of the school fa- jor national depression. me the following report: cilities now in progress as authorized by It is too early to evaluate this situa- During 1947 we sold 1,636,462 tons of coal. this Congress in cooperation with the tion or even to predict that the spread In 1949 our production decreased to 140,276 various States has been completed in 12 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25

of the 13 counties in the district I rep- gressional district, with the exception of Pike. tends a 1- or 2-room school. Over half resent. This survey for which the State The survey in Pike County has not been of Kentucky's children are in overcrowded appropriated $40,000 to completed as of this date. Urgent building classes where teachers cannot give adequate of Kentucky needs in your district are typical of the build- time to any child. added a $60,000 grant from Two out of every 5 of which was ing needs throughout Kentucky. We are list- Kentucky's children attend schools with out- the Federal funds appropriated for that ing these needs on a form prescribed by the door toilet facilities. Children in many dis. purpose, indicates an immediate need United States Office of Education as part of tricts are housed in deplorable buildings. for a school building program in these the report of the nationwide school facilities Forty-eight (48) percent are housed in build- 13 counties to cost $66 million. survey which is being conducted under pro- ings which are fire hazards, and 31 percent I introduce a letter from the super- visions of Public Law 815. For your infor- are in buildings that should be abandoned. by intendent of public instruction: mation this survey must be completed Enrollfnent is at an all-time high and will June 30, 1954, at which time complete continue to increase in the future. Unless COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY, Information will be available. Federal aid for buildings is forthcoming it DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, You will note that the total building needs will be Impossible for Kentucky to adequately Frankfort, January 12, 1954. for your district, excluding Pike County, are house her school children. Despite increased Hon. CARL PERKINS, more than $49 million. These figures include local and State House Office Building, new plants, sites, additions to existing build- effort, Kentucky will continue to Washington, D. C. ings, and remodeling of old buildings. These rank near the bottom in providing educa. DEAR SIR: In compliance with your request, estimated building costs are for the period tional facilities for her children. I am enclosing information on a Statewide from the present to 1960. Very truly yours, master plan for a program of school plant The survey further shows that about WENDELL P. BUTLER, construction for each county in your con- 1 out of every 4 of Kentucky's children at- SuperintendentPublic Instruction.

FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY, OFFICE OF EDUCATION--STATE-TO-FEDERAL REPORT ON 2D PHASE OF SCHOOL FACILITIES SURVEY TABLE 1.-Stalewide master plan for a program of school plant construction

(1) (2) (3) () (5) (6) (7)

Priority or urgency of need: This project to Nature of projects and estimated cost Size of new Should be ready be designed for occupancy accommodate-to (insert estimated cost in applicable subcolumns) construction S by (check)- -• •Total ( Proeects (listed separately, but - (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (c) (d) () estimated ) (b) grouped according to local planning D cost of Between Complete New New it project Num- Approii. a Se n Septem- new building Remodel- "aditei' ber mate S ber 1955 plant Addition ing or of number y tern- on site to S and Grades Pupils (estimated noused tob uexistingdi rehabilita- Improse in- of square 1955 Sete- costex- hol il ng tion of old stru- feet in elusive of building tion area or 1959 site) center sites rooms building

Breathitt County and Jackson...... ------....3,447 $2,550, 500 $440,000 $404000 $203,000 $45,200 $3,642, 700 110 ... Floyd County and Prestonburg..--...--.-- .-.. -----.-.... 7,310 3,979,050 1,975,050 1,788,470 412, 700 67, 000 8,222,270 240 ...... Hazard Independent ------. 780 ---.----. 396,000 351,028 166,154 3,750 916,932 26 ...... Elliott County ------...... ------. ------1,730 1,095, 700 ...--- 777,000 90,600 22,500 1,985, 800 50 .... Lee County ____...... -...... ----.. -....-.. 1,510 1.211,000 .------420,000 50,000 35,000 1,716,000 52 ... Perry County-..------...... ------. 6,8-11 6,169, 891 495, 000 652, 080 293,455 72,100 7,682,526 231 ...... Wolfe County----.... .---.....----...... ---- -.------...... 1,527 1,281,000 .-..---- 167,000 122,000 12,100 1,582,100 50 ... Jenkins Independent-. ...--...... ------...... 940 760,600 356,400 70,650 ....---... 31,000 1,218,650 34 ... 'aintsville, Ind ....--..------...... ----.. 800 8 31,600 ----. ------8,000 839,600 28 ... Knott County...... ------...... 4,025 3,077,300 207,900 842,405 142,600 49,000 4,319,205 135 .... Morgan County...... ------... -. -----. ------...... 1,800 769,200 891,000 247,700 208,000 20,500 2,136,400 60 ... Martin County---...... ------...... ------2,190 1,410,100 . -----. 627,630 110,000 26,500 2,174,230 75 ... aoffln County ------2580 1,701,100 267,300 824,200 64,500 26,500 2, 886,600 88 .. ,etcher County...... ------. 0S 5,079,400 297,000 983,400 00,500 47,000 6,497,300 200.. Johnson County and Van Lear...... ------.... ---- 3,360 1,471,000 949,000 960,325 22,500 37,500 3,441,225 112 .. Total-....- ...... ------...... - - ...... 44,960 31,390,441 6,275,550 0,115,888 1, 976,009 503,650 49,261,538 1,515 ....

It is essential that adequate school fa- The SPEAKER. Is there objection to States, with a view toward alleviating ad- cilities be established for all our children the request of the gentleman from West verse economic conditions by the instal- and it is even more essential in this area Virginia? lation of defense plants and public works where the top skills are needed to revi- There was no objection. programs in those areas. talize the industrial development of the Mr. BYRD. Mr. Speaker, I wish to Under leave to extend my remarks, I region. The resources, including more congratulate the gentleman from Ken- include two letters from my district than 5 billion tons of known coal re- tucky [Mr. PERKINS] on his timely and which emphasize the seriousness of the serves sufficient to maintain the wartime appropriate statements concerning the growing problem: rate of production for the next 150 years, need for forthright action on the part of UNITED MINE WORKERS or are adequate to maintain any industrial the Federal Government in mitigating AMERICA, DISTRICT 29, development that it will be possible to the problems of unemployment which Beckley, W. Va., January 18, 1954. attain in the foreseeable future. are presently confronting the people in Hon. ROBERT C. BYRD, The attempts to diversify industry in many areas of the country. Member of Congress, Sixth District of the area have been limited by the lack of Each day I receive numerous letters West Virginia, House Office Building, a year-round supply of industrial water, from my constituents asking that the Washington, D. C. and paradoxically the recurring spring Federal Government take cognizance of DEAR CONGRESSMAN: In President Elsen- floods. Adequate reservoirs will elimi- the situation that has developed in which hower's message on the state of the Union he nate both these handicaps to the essen- thousands of men have been deprived of seemed to be disturbed about what to do with tial industrial development of the area their jobs as a result of unregulated im- the farm surplus. I note in recent newspaper and a State-Federal school construction ports of residual oil and other products reports that they are proposing to sell 260 program will go far toward making such of foreign countries. In view of the fact million pounds of butter to Russia, at 50 developments permanent and successful. that Congress and the administration cents per pound. The Government has mil- I now yield to lions of pounds of surplus commodities, such the gentleman from have thus far been hesitant to regulate as milk, butter, cheese, wheat, and meat that West Virginia. these imports by quotas, I suggest that they do not know what to do with. Mr. BYRD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan- emphasis should be placed upon a study We are allowed to get a few crumbs under imous consent to extend my remarks at of the picture as it exists in West Vir- the present law, through the department of this point in the RECORD. ginia, Kentucky, Alabama, and other public assistance, for people who are out of CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 761

employment and destitute, but not enough 39. President Truman then was reach- conducted study of escalator clauses in to sustain life and limb. It seems ridiculous ing out for the flower of American young wage contracts based on the coýt of liv- to me that thousands of men, women, and manhood to buttress his official family. ing index and their possible applicability for children are going hungry in this country Dan Cleary was one of the small group, to rates of veterans' benefits, December the want of food, or, in other words, starving to death in a land of plenty. carefully selected from the choice offer- 1946 to September 1949. The American coal miner is now producing ings of the Nation, to give the drive and On July 28, 1949, he was nominated 8 tons of coal per man, per day. The highest vigor, the dash and the vision of youth to by President Truman as a member of the efficiency of any workman in the world. He the administration of a President who War Claims Commission; confirmed by produces so much coal that he has worked himself was no longer young. the Senate upon the recommendation of himself out of a plate at his own table. Oth- Dan Cleary came from the district in the Judiciary Committee, September 13, are er industrial workers and the farmer Illinois which I represent in the Con- 1949; elected Chairman upon organiza- American ingenuity doing the same thing. gress of the United States. We were tion of the Commission, September 14, has solved the problem of production. There are 20,000 coal miners in southern very proud and happy in the Second 1949. West Virginia whose unemployment com- District of Illinois when the President As Chairman of the Commission Dan pensation will soon run out or has already of the United States, wishing to sur- Cleary testified before the various com- run out, and no jobs are available. It be- round himself with the cream of Amer- mittees of both bodies of the Congress, hooves the Congress of the United States to ica's youth, invited Dan Cleary to serve winning from the members thereof high attempt to solve the law of distribution, so with his administration in a key spot acclaim. He directed an exhaustive starve to that the American people will not of major importance. study of the problem of World War II death on account of overproduction. I urge you to use your good office to see No man ever came to Washington, and damage claims. Moreover, he spark- that the surplus commodities that the Gov- did a better job. The War Claims Com- plugged the work of the Custodian of ernment has on hand is distributed to people mission is a quasi-judicial independent Alien Property, from the collections of who cannot find employment. It should be executive agency. Its decisions are final, which office came the only funds avail- the duty of the Government to either find a not subject to review by any court or by able for the good purposes of the War job for a man that is unemployed, extend un- the Comptroller General. Claims heard Claims Commission. He organized the employment-compensation payments, or fur- and adjudicated by the Commission office of the Commission into a perfect, commodities which nish with the surplus range in amount from a few dollars to hard-working, hard-hitting team. Trav- seem to be a drug on the market, so that our people will not starve while our farm surplus several million dollars. In the admin- eling to the Far East he brought by per- goes to waste. istration of the Commission, and the personal contact the office there to the same With kindest regards and best wishes, I formance of its many responsible duties, high degree of efficiency. am Dan Cleary had no guide in precedents Among the many organizations of Sincerely yours, since he was the Commission's first which Dan Cleary was a valued and be- GEORGE J. TITLES, Chairman. He blazed the trail by work- loved member were: Chicago Bar Asso- President, District 29, UMWA. ing long hours and applying to the task ciation, American Bar Association, Dis- the genius of a mighty mind and a heart abled American Veterans, American Le- ST. ALBANS, W. VA., January 20, 1954. of gold. gion, National Press Club, Catholic Hon. ROBERT C. BYRD, It is a lasting monument to the mem- Alumni Guild of Washington-president House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. ory of Dan Cleary that under his ad- 1951-John Carroll Society, and Demo- DEAR MR. BYRD: As I am a member of the ministration the War Claims Commis- cratic Club of the District of Columbia- City Council of St. Albans, W. Va., I feel that sion not once was subject to the slightest director 1951-52, Local No. 134, I. B. of you should be informed of the increasing hostile criticism from any source. He E. W.-A. F. of L., Irish Fellowship Club unemployment in the Kanawha Valley. gave the flowering years of his prime to of Chicago, the Cana Conference of This valley which is known the world the public service of his country. Washington, the Catholic Interracial over as the chemical center of the United Mr. Speaker, I have remarked that Council of Washington, and St. Peter States has many Industries and usually there is work to be found here when things are we cannot understand the pattern of Claver Center Interracial Friendship slow elsewhere, but in recent months there human life. Dan Cleary had so much House in Washington. has been a steady decrease in employment ahead of him, so much to give in service In his busy life Dan Cleary found time which is causing unrest among the people to a world so much in need of more Dan to contribute to various periodicals in- of this area. Clearys. But in the finite intellect is no cluding: The Commonweal, America, As you know people become disturbed power to interpret the purpose of the and Social Order. He was a frequent when employment declines as they fear we infinite. Ours is not to question, but to speaker before religious, lay, and patri- are going to have another depression. If it is within your power, I feel something should accept. I shall continue to feel the pres- otic organizations and served as Wash- be done to allay their fears. ence and the inspiration of this dear ington correspondent-1948-50-for To- Sincerely, friend by denying the finality of a tem- day, national Catholic weekly published REx PRUDEN, porary parting. in Chicago. Councilman, Second Ward, The Honorable Daniel F. Cleary was Mr. Speaker, may I truly say to the St. Albans, W. Va. born in Chicago, June 4, 1910, was edu- devoted woman who was his inspiration cated in the parochial schools and Loyola and his helpmate, and to the trio of fine THE LATE HONORABLE DANIEL F. Academy; receiving his college and legal children blessing their union, that to education at Loyola University in Chi- CLEARY them is extended the deep sympathy of cago. He was admitted to the practice every Member of this body. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mrs. of law in 1937 and remained a member HARDEN). Under previous order of the of the Chicago firm of Garvey, Cleary, House, the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. & Boyle, until June 17, 1942, when he SANTA MARIA PROJECT, O'HARAI is recognized for 15 minutes. enlisted in the United States Army Air CALIFORNIA Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, Force. He was a major on leaving the Mr. NICHOLSON, from the Committee in the bright noontime of his life, covered service in November of 1945. on Rules, reported the following privi- with honors far beyond the lot of most He was on the staff of the Retraining leged resolution (H. Res. 416, Rept. No. men, and in the enjoyment in rare and and Reemployment Administration, 1112), which was referred to the House unusual measure of the affection of fam- United States Department of Labor, Calendar and ordered to be printed: ily and of friends, he passed from the from November 1945 to December 1946, Resolved, That upon the adoption of this shore of human visibility to the invisible during which time he had charge of the resolution it shall be in order to move that continent that is the inevitable and in- program of disposal of surplus federally the House resolve itself into the Committee escapable refuge of us all. It is not given owned property to educational institu- of the Whole House on the State of the Union to us to fathom the reasons for the tions of the United States, an activity for the consideration of the bill (H. R. 2235) pattern of human life. which involved frequent contact with to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to The Honorable Daniel F. Cleary, the university and college officials through- construct the Santa Maria project, Southern first Chairman Pacific Basin, Calif. After general debate, of the War Claims Com- out the country. which shall be confined to the bill, and shall mission, came to Washington in the early He was in the staff of the Veterans' continue not to exceed 1 hour, to be equally days of the Truman administration fol- Administration as senior attorney-leg- divided and controlled by the chairman and lowing the election of 1948. He was only islative analyst-Office of Legislation; ranking minority member of the Committee 762 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25 on Interior and Insular Affairs, the bill shall SENATE BILLS REFERRED ADJOURNMENT the 5-minute be read for amendment under Bills of the Senate of the following Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, the consideration I move rule. At the conclusion of titles were taken from the Speaker's table do now adjourn. of the bill for amendment, the Committee that the House and, under the rule, referred as follows: The motion was agreed to; accordingly shall rise and report the bill to the House with such amendments as may have been S. 1399. An act to authorize the Secretary (at 2 o'clock and 47 minutes p. m.), adopted, and the previous question shall be of Agriculture to sell certain improvements under its previous order, the House ad- on national forest land in Arizona to the considered as ordered on the bill and amend- journed until Wednesday, January 27, Salt River Valley Water Users Association, ments thereto to final passage without inter- at 12 o'clock noon. and for other purposes; to the Committee on venlng motion except one motion to recom- Agriculture. nitL. S. 1577. An act to authorize the exchange EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. of land in Eagle County, Colo., and for other Under clause TO DISCHARGE INDEBTEDNESS OF purposes; to the Committee on Agriculture. 2 of rule XXIV, execu- S. 2583. An act to indemnify against loss tive communications were taken THE COMMODITY CREDIT CORPO- from all persons whose swine were destroyed in the Speaker's table and referred as fol- RATION July 1952 as a result of having been infected lows: with or exposed to the contagious disease Mr. NICHOLSON, from tha Committee 1184. A communication vesicular exanthema; to the Committee on from the President on Rules, reported the following privi- of the United States, Agriculture. transmitting drafts of leged resolution (H. Res. 417, Rept. No, proposed provisions pertaining to the fiscal 1113), which was referred to the House year 1954 for the cancellation of notes issued Calendar and ordered to be printed: ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED by the Commodity Credit Corporation to the Secretary of the Treasury in the amount of Resolved, That upon the adoption of this Mr. LECOMPTE, from the Committee $741,817,478 (H. Doc. No. 303); to the Com- resolution it shall be in order to move that on House Administration, reported that mittee on Appropriations and ordered to be the House resolve itself into the Committee that committee had examined and found printed. of the Whole House on the State of the Union truly enrolled bills of the House of the 1185. A letter from the Chairman, Com- for the consideration of House Joint Resolu- following titles, which were thereupon mission on Foreign Economic Policy, trans- tion 358, to discharge indebtedness of the signed by the Speaker: mitting a report which embodies the findings Commodity Credit Corporation. After gen- of the Commission on Foreign Economic H. R. 1917. An act to authorize the coinage eral debate, which shall be confined to the Policy, pursuant to Public Law 215, 83d Con- of 50-cent pieces to commemorate the ses- gress (H. Doc. No. 290); to the Committee joint resolution, and shall continue not to quicentennial of the Louisiana Purchase; and on Ways and Means and ordered to be printed. exceed 2 hours, to be equally divided and H. R. 6665. An act to amend the Agricul- 1186. A communication from the President controlled by the chairman and ranking tural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended. minority member of the Committee on Ap- of the United States, transmitting a proposed supplemental propriations, the joint resolution shall be The SPEAKER announced his signa- appropriation for the read for amendment under the 5-minute ture to an enrolled bill of the Senate of fiscal year 1954 in the amount of $4,800,000, and a draft of a proposed provision for the rule. At the conclusion of the considera- the following title: Treasury Department (H. Doc. No. 304); to resolution for amendment, tion of the joint S. 2474. An act to authorize the coinage of the Committee on Appropriations and or- the Committee shall rise and report the joint 50-cent pieces to commemorate the tercen- dered to be printed. resolution to the House with such amend- tennial of the foundation of the city of New 1187. A communication from the President ments as may have been adopted, and the York. of the United States, transmitting a pro- previous question shall be considered as posed supplemental appropriation for the ordered on the joint resolution and amend- BILLS PRESENTED TO THE fiscal years 1954 and 1955 in the amount of ments thereto to final passage without inter- $150,000 for the Advisory Committee on vening motion except one motion to recom- PRESIDENT Weather Control (H. Doc. No. 305); to the mit. Mr. LECOMPTE, from the Committee Committee on Appropriations and ordered on House Administration, reported that to be printed. did on this day present 1188. A letter from the Commandant, RESOLUTION ON COMPOSITION OF that committee United States Coast Guard, transmitting a COMMITTEES to the President, for his approval, bills report showing the name of each contractor Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask of the House of the following titles: with whom a contract has been negotiated unanimous consent that the proceedings H. R. 1917. A bill to authorize the coinage for experimental, developmental, or research of 50-cent pieces to commemorate the ses- work, or for the manufacture or furnishing by which the resolution with respect to quicentennial of the Louisiana Purchase; and of supplies for experimentation, develop- the composition of committees of the H. R. 6665. A bill to amend certain pro- ment, research, or test, the amount of the House was adopted may appear in the visions of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of contract, and, a description of the work to RECORD preceding the assignments to 1938, as amended. be performed for the period ending Decem- ber 31, 1953, pursuant to section 2 (c) (11) these committees heretofore made. of Public Law 413, 80th Congress; to the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to EXTENSION OF REMARKS Committee on Armed Services. the request of the gentleman from 1189. A letter from the Secretary of Com- Indiana? By unanimous consent, permission to merce, transmitting the 25th quarterly re- There was no objection. extend remarks in the RECORD, or to report on export control, pursuant to the vise and extend remarks, was granted to: Export Control Act of 1949; to the Commit- Mr. BURDICK. tee on Banking and Currency. Mr. LONG. 1190. A letter from the Secretary of State, REPORTS ON RULES transmitting the 11th semiannual report of Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. the international information and educa- Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. BOLLING tional exchange program for the period Jan- unanimous consent to address the House Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON. uary 1 to June 30, 1953, pursuant to section for 30 seconds. Mr. HELLER (at the request of Mr. 1008 of Public Law 402, 80th Congress; to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to SHELLEY). the Committee on Foreign Affairs. the request of the gentleman from Mr. ASHMORE. 1191. A letter from the Secretary, Depart- Mr. WOLVERTON (at the request of Mr. ment of Health, Education, and Welfare, Indiana? transmitting the third report of the Com- HALLECK) and to include extraneous There was no objection. missioner of Education on the administration Mr. HALLECK. Reports on two rules material. of Public Laws 874 and 815, 81st Congress, 2d have just been filed. I notice here the Mr. HAYS of Arkansas (at the request session, including a detailed statement of Mr. BAILEY). presence of the minority leader and wish of receipts and disbursements, for the fiscal Mr. STEED. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan- year which ended on June 30, 1953; to the to say this: that one of them has to do imous consent to extend my remarks in Committee on Education and Labor. with a water project in the West. I the RECORD on another approach to the 1192. A letter from the Chairman, Nation- shall discuss the matter further, but I Randall Commission report. al Labor Relations Board, transmitting the 18th annual report of the National Labor make these comments at this point in The SPEAKER. Is there objection to order that the Relations Board for the year ended June 30, membership may know the request of the gentleman from 1953, pursuant to section 3 (c) of the Labor- of the possibility of that being called for Oklahoma? Management Relations Act, 1947; to the Com- action later on this week. There was no objection. mittee on Education and Labor. 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 763

1193. A letter from the Chairman, Nation- PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS sengers by common carriers operating over Board, transmitting a list regular routes within the metropolitan al Labor Relations Under clause 4 of rule XXII, area containing the names, salaries, and duties public of Washington, D. C., and for other purposes; of all employees and officers in the employ bills and resolutions were introduced and to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign or under the supervision of the National severally referred as follows: Commerce. Labor Relations Board for the year ended By Mr. ANGELL: By Mr. JAVITS: June 30, 1953, pursuant to section 3 (C) of H. R. 7465. A bill authorizing the appro- H. R. 7479. A bill to extend the time for the the Labor-Management Relations Act, 1947; priation of funds to provide for the prose- expiration of the commission and for the to the Committee on Education and Labor. cution of projects in the Columbia River submission of additional reports by the Com- 1194. A letter from the Secretary, Federal Basin for flood control and other purposes; mission on Foreign Economic Policy, and Power Commission, transmitting a copy of a to the Committee on Public Works. for other purposes; to the Committee on newly issued publication entitled "Statistics By Mr. ASPINALL: Ways and Means. of Natural Gas Companies in the United H. R. 7466. A bill to authorize the Secre- By Mr. LONG: States, 1952"; to the Committee on Interstate tary of the Interior to execute an amendatory H. R. 7480. A bill to amend the Internal and Foreign Commerce. repayment contract with the Pine River Ir- Revenue Code to provide that the income-tax 1195. A letter from the Chairman, Federal rigation District, Colo., and for other pur- exemptions allowed a taxpayer shall in no Communications Commission, transmitting poses; to the Committee on Interior and case total less than $3,500 if he is single or a draft of a bill entitled "A bill to amend the Insular Affairs. $5,000 if he is married; to the Committee on Communications Act in regard to protests of By Mr. BAILEY: Ways and Means. grants of instruments of authorization with- H.R. 7467. A bill to provide for Federal By Mr. McDONOUGH: out hearing"; to the Committee on Interstate financial assistance to the States in the con- H. R. 7481. A bill to authorize the improve- and Foreign Commerce. struction of public elementary and secondary ment of Playa del Rey Inlet and Basin, 1196. A letter from the Assistant Secretary school facilities, and for other purposes; to Venice, Calif.; to the Committee on Public of the Interior transmitting drafts of 2 the Committee on Education and Labor. Works. proposed bills: 1 entitled "A bill to provide .By Mr. BENNETT of Michigan: By Mr. MACK of Washington: for the capitalization of the treaty annuity H. R. 7468. A bill to amend section 203 (a) H. R. 7482. A bill authorizing the appropri- paid to the Six Nations of Indians, and for of the Interstate Commerce Act so as to ation of funds to provide for the prosecution other purposes," and the other "A bill to pro- authorize regulation, for purposes of safety of projects in the Columbia River Basin for vide for the distribution of funds belonging and protection of the public, of motor car- flood control and other purposes; to the Com- to the Seneca Nation and the Tonawanda rier transportation between points in foreign mittee on Public Works. Band of Senecas, and for other purposes"; countries, insofar as such transportation By Mr. O'HARA of Minnesota: to the Committee on Interior and Insular takes place within the United States; to the H. R. 7483. A bill to increase the salaries Affairs. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com- of the judges of the municipal court of ap- merce. 1197. A letter from the Clerk, United States peals for the District of Columbia and the By Mr. BOLLING: Court of Claims, transmitting a certified copy municipal court for the District of Columbia; H. R. 7469. A bill to establish an effective of the court's opinion rendered pertaining to the Committee on the District of to the bill H. R. 3131, for the relief of Ray- housing program; to the Committee on Columbia. Banking and Currency. mond B. Jeffrey, pursuant to sections 1492 By Mr. O'HARA of By Mr. BUDGE: Minnesota (by and 2509, title 28, United States Code, and request) : in accordance with House Resolution 383, 82d H. R. 7470. A bill to amend the act of June 30, 1950, relating to the extension of the Ii. R. 7484. A bill to authorize the United Congress; to the Committee on the Judiciary. States attorney terms of patents of World War II veterans; for the District of Columbia 1198. A letter from the Secretary of State to make the determination to the Committee on the Judiciary. in proper cases transmitting the 6th annual report of claims whether By Mr. CEDERBERG: prosecution of certain juveniles, paid by the Department during the calendar charged with capital offenses, those punish- year 1953, pursuant to section 404 of the H. R. 7471. A bill to amend section 203 (a) of the Interstate Commerce Act so as to able by life imprisonment and other felonies, Federal Tort Claims Act, as amended; to the shall be tried in the juvenile court of the Dis- Committee on the Judiciary. authorize regulation, for purposes of safety and protection of the public, of motor car- trict of Columbia; to the Committee on the rier transportation between points in for- District of Columbia. eign countries, insofar as such transporta- By Mr. PATMAN: REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUB- tion takes place within the United States; H. R. 7485. A bill to increase to 12 the num- LIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign ber of members of the Board of Governors of Commerce. the Federal Reserve System and to provide Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of By Mr. CRETELLA: that their terms of office shall be 6 years, and committees were delivered to the Clerk H. R. 7472. A bill to provide for a deter- to abolish the Federal Open Market Com- for printing and reference to the proper mination by the Board of Engineers for mittee and transfer its functions to such calendar, as follows: Rivers and Harbors of the advisability of Board; to the Committee on Banking and Currency. Mr. BISHOP: Joint Committee on the Dis- modifying the existing project at New Haven By Mr. REED of Illinois: position of Executive Papers. House Report Harbor, Conn., in view of changed shipping H. R. 7486. A bill to amend section 1071 of No. 1110. Report on the disposition of cer- and economic conditions; to the Committee on Public Works. title 18, United States Code, relating to the tain papers of sundry executive departments. By Mr. ELLSWORTH: concealing of persons from arrest, so as to Ordered to be printed. H.R. 7473. A bill to authorize the con- increase the penalties therein provided; to Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN: Committee on struction and maintenance of certain harbor the Committee on the Judiciary. Appropriations. House Joint Resolution 358. improvements at Gold Beach, Oreg.; to the indebtedness of By Mr. VELDE: Joint resolution to discharge Committee on Public Works. the Commodity Credit Corporation; without H. R. 7487. A bill to amend the Internal By Mr. EVINS: Security Act of 1950; to the Committee on amendment (Rept. No. 1111). Referred to H.R. 7474. A bill to establish a Federal the Committee of the Whole House on the Uu -American Activities. Board of Hospitalization, and for other pur- State of the Union. By Mr. WILLIAMS of New York: poses; to the Committee on Veterans' Af- H. R. 7488. A bill to amend section 23 of Mr. ALLEN of Illinois: Committee on fairs. Rules. House Resolution 416. Resolution the Internal Revenue Code relating to deduc- By Mr. GRAHAM: tions for retirement by banks of certain pre- for consideration of H. R. 2235, a bill to au- H. R. 7475. A bill to amend the Refugee thorize the Secretary of the Interior to conferred stocks; to the Committee on Ways and Relief Act of 1953; to the Committee on the Means. struct the Santa Maria project, Southern Judiciary. of California: Pacific Basin, Calif.; without amendment By Mr. HAND: By Mr. WILSON relating to the annual (Rept. No. 1112). Referred to the House H. R. 7476. A bill to deny benefits, under H. R. 7489. A bill Calendar. any Federal retirement systems, to persons adjustment of the basic pay of members of services; to the Committee on Mr. ALLEN of Illinois: Committee on convicted of crimes for any actions related the uniformed Armed Services. Rules. House Resolution 417. Resolution to the holding of Federal employment by for consideration of House Joint Resolution such persons; to the Committee on Post Of- By Mr. WHITTEN: 358, a joint resolution to discharge indebted- fice and Civil Service. H. R. 7490. A bill to authorize the sale of ness of the Commodity Credit Corporation; By Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan (by farm commodities by the Commodity Credit without amendment (Rept. No. 1113). Re- request) : Corporation, and for other purposes; to the ferred to the House Calendar. H.R. 7477. A bill to authorize the collec- Committee on Agriculture. Mr. O'HARA of Minnesota: Committee on tion of indebtedness of military and civilian By Mr. ZABLOCKI: Interstate and Foreign Commerce. S. 373. personnel resulting from erroneous pay- H. R. 7491. A bill to allow certain establish- An act to extend the time for filing claims for ments, and for other purposes; to the Com- ments providing apprentice training to vet- the return of property under the Trading mittee on Government Operations. erans under the Veterans' Readjustment With the Enemy Act (Rept. No. 1114). Re- By Mr. HYDE: Assistance Act of 1952 to postpone giving ferred to the Committee of the Whole House H. R. 7478. A bill to provide for a commis- credit for previous training and job experi- on the State of the Union. sion to regulate the transportation of pas- ence until the veteran has completed 6 764 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25

months of apprentice training; to the Com- H. R. 7493. A bill for the relief of Demetrios By Mr. TRIMBLE: mittee on Veterans' Affairs. George Kretikos; to the Committee on the H. R. 7507. A bill for the relief of Oather S. By Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN: Judiciary. Hall; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. J. Res. 358. Joint resolution to discharge By Mr. DAVIS of Wisconsin: By Mr. WESTLAND: H. R. 7494. A bill for the relief of Eliza- Indebtedness of the Commodity Credit Cor- H. R. 7508. A bill for the relief of James Appropria- beth Forster; to the Committee on the poration; to the Committee on Dore, Jr.; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Judiciary. tions. By Mr. WILSON of California: By Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON: By Mr. DOYLE: H. R. 7509. A bill for the relief H. J. Res. 359. Joint resolution designating H. R. 7495. A bill for the relief of Americo of Jean Isabel the first full week in October, 1954, as Na- Dos Santos; to the Committee on the Hay Watts; to the Committee on the tional Nurse Week, and providing for the Judiciary. Judiciary. establishment of a central council to coordi- By Mr. FISHER: nate the observance of such week; to the H.R. 7496. A bill for the relief of Toshi PETITIONS, ETC. Committee on the Judiciary. Onodera Berry, to the Committee on the By Mr. OLIVER P. BOLTON: Judiciary. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions H. J. Res. 360. Joint resolution providing By Mr. GUBSER (by request): and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk for the issuance of special postage stamps H. R. 7497. A bill for the relief of Roy M. and referred as follows: for use on overseas mail to commemorate Butcher; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 473. By Mr. GOODWIN: Resolution of the the freedoms embodied in the Bill of Rights By Mr. HOLIFIELD: City Council of the United States of America; to the Com- H.R. 7498. A bill for the relief of David of the City of Boston, Mass., to Congress mittee on Post Office and Civil Service. Manuel Porter; to the Committee on the unanimously opposing the pro- By Mr. COLMER: Judiciary. posed construction of the St. Lawrence sea- H. J. Res. 361. Joint resolution proposing H.R. 7498. A bill for the relief of Charles way; to the Committee on Public Works. an amendment to the Constitution with Chan; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 474. By Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin: Letter respect to the admission of new States as By Mr. KEARNEY: from the Reverend Arthur R. Oates, stated sovereign States of the United States; to the H. R. 7500. A bill for the relief of Kurt For- clerk of the Synod of Wisconsin of the Pres- Committee on the Judiciary. sell; to the Committee on the Judiciary. byterian Church in the U. S. A., calling at- By Mr. HELLER: By Mr. KEOGH: tention to the action of the synod in oppos- H. J. Res. 362. Joint resolution providing H. R. 7501. A bill for the relief of Irma Elina ing the inherent evils in such systems and that the next cruiser commissioned in the Vcela; to the Committee on the Judiciary. doctrines of government as communism and United States Navy shall be named the By Mr. KLEIN: fascism; to the Committee on Rules. Brooklyn; to the Committee on Armed H. R. 7502. A bill for the relief of Syed All; 475. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the Services. to the Committee on the Judiciary. mayor, city of Chicago, Ill., in support of By Mr. HOLMES: H. R. 7503. A bill for the relief of Bassa H. R. 2344, providing for a salary adjustment H. Con. Res. 196 Concurrent resolution pro- Mea; to the Committee on the Judiciary. for post office viding for the printing of proceedings at the employees; to the Committee By Mr. LIPSCOMB: on Post Office and Civil Service. unveiling of the statue of Dr. Marcus H. R. 7504. A bill for the relief of Baldo- Whitman; to the Committee on House 476. Also, petition of the president, Class- mero R. Garcia, Teresa Garcia y Braganza, room Teachers Association of New York Administration. Francisco Garcia, Teresita Garcia, and Ed- State, Schenectady, N. Y., supporting uardo Garcia; to the Committee on the legislation Judiciary. for the continuation of Federal assist- PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS ance for school construction By Mr. MERROW: and for cur- Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private H. R. 7505. A bill for the relief of Mrs. rent operating expenses; to the Committee bills and resolutions were introduced and Azniv Y. Hasserdjian; to the Committee on on Education and Labor. severally referred as follows: the Judiciary. 477. Also, petition of the national legis- By Mr. BUCKLEY: By Mr. SEELY-BROWN: lative director, Jewish War Veterans of the H. R. 7492. A bill for the relief of Ludmila H. R. 7506. A bill for the relief of Serafino United States of America, Washington, D. C., and Miroslav Turek; to the Committee cn Pulvirenti; to the Committee on the Judi- opposing the proposed Bricker amendment; the Judiciary. ciary. to the Committee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Report of Commission on Foreign world-a system in which our allies can earn mutually competitive basis in bidding for their own way and our own economy can Government contracts. Economic Policy continue to flourish." 4. Simplification of administrative pro- Achievement of that goal is essential if cedures in the collection of customs and im- we are to win the cold war and lay the provement of tariff classifications. EXTENSION OF REMARKS foundations of a lasting peace. It will re- 5. Stimulation of American private invest- OF quire determined action by our allies as well ments in friendly nations by increasing inas ourselves, as the Commission has empha- centives both at home and abroad. HON. PRESCOTT BUSH sized. If the other free nations sincerely 6. Establishing the sound principle that, OF CONNECTICUT desire to cooperate, and give satisfactory evi- as a general rule, the United States will dence of their intention to do so, I hope that grant economic aid to other nations only IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES the Congress and the executive departments when our own security is involved. (For example, Korea, Formosa.) 25, 1954 will act promptly to carry out the Com- Monday, January mission's proposals. 7. Continued United States participation Mr. BUSH. Mr. President, I ask Public interest has centered largely on the in technical-assistance programs in undevel- unanimous consent to have printed in Commission's work in the area of tariff and oped nations, with emphasis on our contri- trade policy. While this is understandable, bution of technical knowledge instead of the RECORD a statement which I issued it should not obscure the Commission's rec- large sums of money. yesterday dealing with the report of the ommendations in other fields which are of 8. Removal of conditions which bring our Commission on Foreign Economic Policy. greater importance. domestic-agricultural programs, including There being no objection, the state- In the broad picture, action taken in other rigid price supports, into conflict with foreign ment was ordered to be printed in the fields than the tariff may be more effective economic policy. RECORD, as follows: in achieving the objective of stimulating 9. Insuring an adequate supply of the raw trade in the free world. Of all the impedi- materials needed by our expanding economy. STATEMENT BY SENATOR PRESCOTT BUSH, OF ments to trade which now exist, the Amer- 10. Encouraging progress toward the con- CONNECTICUT ican tariff is among the least restrictive. vertibility of currencies. The report of the Commission on Foreign The report includes proposals for- In connection with the Commission's rec- Economic Policy, with its recommendations 1. Continued participation by the United ommendations on the tariff, close attention for positive action to remove obstructions in States, under the President's leadership, in should be given to the fact that they are the channels of world trade, is a stride for- trade agreements with other nations. subject to essential safeguards. The Com- ward toward a major objective staked out by 2. A gradual lowering of American tariffs, mission has properly stressed the fact that President Eisenhower in his state of the especially those in the highest ranges, on a the United States no longer is among the Union message. He described that goal as carefully considered step-by-step basis. higher tariff countries in the world. The "the creation of a healthier and freer system 3. Amendment of the Buy American Act to average level of our duties has been cut by of trade and payments within the free place foreign and domestic producers on a 50 percent, or more, in the past 20 years. 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 765 The Commission has recognized that a care- is to give recognition to the fact that uary 18, in his zeal to support the 120 ful approach must be made toward further present exemptions are far below what percent raise in congressional salaries, re"luctions. is necessary take to insure a minimum decent attacks me personally and has many dis- Accordingly, the recommendations standard of living. Before we deliber- paraging the necessity of avoiding sud- remarks to make about my per- into account ately set out to tax family income, we sonal appearance. He says I den and severe shocks to communities with go around industries which are vulnerable to foreign ought at least to recognize that there is with patched trousers held together with comnetition. a minimum below which family income safety pins. I expected to be attacked. In my judgment, the Commission did not should not be taxed. My bill gives such No one ever sat in Congress who tried go far enough in its recommendation for recognition. to represent the people of the United reeting the problem raised by low wages in States and opposed unconscionable keep To those of you who may think my pro- grabs foreign countries. We should always posal like an increast of 120 percent in con- of maintaining the somewhat radical, I ask you to re- in mind the necessity call that gressional pay, escaped from the vitriolic living standards of American working men under the Revenue Acts of ;nd women. 1913 and 1916 exemptions were $3,000 pen of the opposition. If this reporter For this reason, Representative JOHN M. and $4,000. Taking into account the thinks this helps his cause, let him put VoaYS, of Ohio, and I joined in the following great changes in the cost of living since out more of it. supplementary statement: that time, my proposal is only a mild I do not go around with patched trade "We believe that in negotiating equivalent of the exemptions enjoyed trousers held together with safety pins, agreements, our negotiators should consider and everyone with whom I associate depressed wage four decades ago. not only substandard and knows it. I am not what you would call levels, as described in the Commission's re- I also call to your attention that many a dandy in dress, but on port and in Mr. McDonald's dissent, but also taxpayers with low income are paying the salary I now wage differentials, in order to protect Ameri- very substantial hidden excise taxes in- receive I can and do wear good clothes. can labor." to the treasuries of the State and Fed- I may not wear them well, but they serve Mr. VoRYS and I also felt that the Com- eral Governments. If we are going to the purpose. This garbling reporter the mainte- mission should have regarded have excises at all, it is inevitable probably believes that clothes makes the nance of a strong industrial mobilization that they will fall hardest on the low income man, but I think there are other ele- base as essential as the availability of raw ments to consider besides clothes. That materials. group. The least we can do is to relieve We therefore added the following state- them from the heavy burden of income no doubt is the reason he wants higher ment to the appropriate section of the Com- taxes. salaries so that those who, like himself, mission's report: Another reason for my bill is to get are lacking in other elements may make "We believe the Commission should make the Federal Government more and more up for it in brilliant colors and mag- definite recommendations on the security nificent imported haberdashery. considerations involved In defense produc- away from taxing low incomes. The States are finding it progressively more This reporter bemoans the fact that I tion facilities, as well as In the supply of raw want a record vote when the bill comes materials. difficult to raise sufficient revenue to sup- "Our productive power is our mightiest port State and local government-the up for passage. That is the only true statement he made in his whole tirade weapon in war. Defense plants and workers bulwark of our democracy. Let us give cannot be stockpiled. them a chance. against me. Why should he or anybody else object to going on record? Does "Industries vital to our national defense Still another point is that my proposal he should be maintained at reserve strength not want the people to know how their will relieve the Bureau of Internal Rev- levels. Tariff protection may be necessary. Congressmen voted? Is he afraid to let Other steps, such as placement of defense enue from great administrative burdens them know? I presume he would have orders, may also be needed. There may be and also lighten the task of millions of a better way-he would have a voice cases where such measures would be more employers and low income taxpayers. If effective for the industry concerned, and vote, which is unrecorded, and if the bill the exemptions proposed by me were did pass, no one could tell how a Mem- better for the economy, than import adopted, restrictions." the Bureau could devote its ber voted. This looks like an under- However, the report recommended the con- efforts as it should to ferret out the large handed method of legislation. This tinuation of certain safety valve provisions income taxpayers who are avoiding mil- would naturally appeal to Mr. McGill. now contained in the Trade Agreements Act. lions of dollars of taxes every year. At Well, it makes little difference to me Tl.ese safeguards, if wisely administered, the same time, the small mill owner and what the gentleman says as long as he will insure that increased imports desirable shopkeeper will be relieved of the ne- follows his present policy of saying so to help our economy and make our allies cessity and expense of computing his em- self-sustaining can be channeled so as to many things that are not so. It will result in the most benefit and the least harm. ployees' taxes. take more than the dribbling pen of The Commission's report will not satisfy Finally, I know of no other opportu- reporters like Mr. McGill to stop my those theorists who advocate unlimited free nity that this Congress will have which opposition to this congressional relief trade nor those who would have us return to could do more to prevent a depression bill. extreme protectionism. I am confident, than this proposal of mine. As a reces- however, that it will have the support of the sion approaches or grows deeper with great majority of the people who favor a a tendency to become a real depression, Minnesota 4-H Club Activities moderate approach. If adopted, the Com- mission's recommendations can make possi- it is important that money be placed or blethe benefits of an increased flow of im- left in the hands of potential consumers. EXTENSION OF REMARKS ports, with a consequent reduction and even- That means the millions of low income OF tual elimination of the need for foreign aid families. Instead of bringing money to programs, and at the same time stimulate a Washington and then dispersing it to HON. HUBERT H.HUMPHREY strong and healthy domestic economy. the States, let us leave it where it is. OF MINNESOTA Let the people spend their own money. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES This proposal will leave billions in their Monday, January 25, 1954 hands which otherwise they will lose to Personal Income-Tax Exemptions Uncle Sam. Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the list of EXTENSION OF REMARKS Minnesota's 4-H delegates to the Na- OF tional 4-H Club Congress in Chicago, Congressional Salaries together with a brief statement of their HON. GEORGE S. LONG activities, be published in the CONGRES- OF LOUISIANA EXTENSION OF REMARKS SIONAL RECORD. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF Minnesota is justly proud of its great 4-H Club program. We have 2,200 4-H Monday, January 25, 1954 HON. USHER L.BURDICK Clubs with some 48,000 members-one Mr. LONG. Mr. Speaker, I am today OF NORTH DAKOTA of the highest percentages of participa- introducing a bill which provides each IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion among rural boys and girls of any single taxpayer a minimum income-tax State in the Nation. exemption of $3,500 and each married Monday, January 25, 1954 Climaxing an impressive record of par- taxpayer a minimum of $5,000. Mr. BURDICK. Mr. Speaker, a Mr. ticipation in county fairs and our great In presenting this proposal, I have Ralph McGill, a columnist writing in the Minnesota State fair, our 4-H Clubs sent several purposes in mind. One of these Atlanta Constitution under date of Jan- 34 delegates to the National 4-H Club 766 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25 Congress near the year-end. They did a There being no objection, the list was Plblic Laws 202-242, CONGRESSIONAL REC- very capable job of representing Min- ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as ORD,volume 99, part 15, pages A5399-A5401; nesota. follows: PUBLIC LAW 243 All of our delegates were selected on Minnesota's delegates to the 1953 National H. R. 5877. Customs Simplification Act of the basis of their longtime achievements 4-H Club Congress included: Edward L, 1953: Time was (prior to income tax) when in 4-H Club work. Leadership plays an Maler, Sauk Rapids; Caroline Frederickson, duty on imports was ond of the four most important part in their overall record of Mankato; Keith W. Thurston, Madelia; Mary important sources of Government income. achievement, even though they may be Lee Schotzko, Sleepy Eye; Vernon Kitzberger, It now brings into the Federal Treasury less selected for recognition in a specific New Ulm, route 2; Shirley Demm, Waconia, than a billion dollars annually-actually route 1; LuAnn Lewis, Excelsior, route 1; about three-quarters of one billion dollars, project field. Our delegates represented Janet Swanson, Moorhead, route 1; Janet compared with the $65,218,000,000 annual a vast array of different types of 4-H Grant, Jeffers, route 2; Harris L. Byers, West- yield from income tax. To collect the cus- projects. brook; John W. Conzemius, Cannon Falls, toms tax Uncle Sam has been spending a Throughout the 4-H Congress, Min- route 3; Evelyn Johnson, Blue Earth, route 2; little less than 20 cents out of every dollar nesota won outstanding recognition. Richard Sample, Spring Valley, route 2; Ro- collected. Reason: Too much unnecessary Myron Clark, our State commissioner land Kohlmeyer, Fountain, route 1; Phyllis paper work, excessive red tape. Public Law of agriculture, was honored D. Hanson, Ellendale, route 2; Ann Therese 243, making no changes in classification or at a special Busch, 915 N. Boone, Minneapolis; Mrs. Harry rates of duty and avoiding everything of con. banquet as one of the eight outstanding Lommen, Spring Grove; Kathryn Stinar, troversial nature, effects a saving of several 4-H alumni in the country. At one time Lakefield, route 2; Ronald E. Johnson, Win- million dollars a year by striking out obsolete Commissioner Clark was president of the dom, route 1; Willis Schoemaker, Kasota, and unnecessary provisions of the Tariff Act Minnesota 4-H Federation, and was an route 1; Rodney G. Malo, Fairmont, route 2; of 1930. I am confident you will approve of outstanding 4-H member in our State. Dennis R. Forsell, Twin Valley, route 1; Rich- my support of Public Law 243. He later served as a local 4-H leader for ard Swanson, Byron, route 2; George Rabehl, PUBLIC LAW 244 several years, and has continued a very Rochester, route 1; G. Dianne Lendobeja, H. R. 6039. College ROTC credit for train- active interest Thief River Falls, route 4; Roger E. Keller, ing in 55c schools: Section 55c is used to de. in the 4-I} Club program. Faribault, route 1; Victorin Ruhland, New We are one of the few States that al- scribe schools authorized to give junior Prague, route 1; Jeanne Ellen Deal, Wheaton, ROTC training as provided for in section 55c ways includes an extension agent 3; Marlene Mattila, Sebeka; Lavern in our route of the National Defense Act. There are 65 of El- delegation. This year, Caroline Freder- Eckert, Wadena; Edwin Eckert, Wadena; these schools. The only difference between ickson, county home agent at Mankato, dow Eckert, Wadena; Lola Jean Krueger, Wa- junior ROTC and 55c schools is that junior was selected to represent the extension dena; Ann Bangsund, Montevideo. ROTC schools have their professors of mili- agents and to go with our delegation. tary science and tactics furnished by the' In recognition of the outstanding vol- Regular Army while the 55c schools select unteer work being done by rural 4-H their own military professors from qualified club leaders, we are one Eleventh Report on Legislation of the 83d reserve or retired officers and foot the salary of the few States bill. Heretofore, however, the training re- that sends a local adult leader along with Congress ceived at the so-called 55c schools could not our delegation each year. In Minnesota be credited against the equivalent courses in we conduct a contest to select the 4-H EXTENSION OF REMARKS the senior units at the college level. Public Club of the year, and an adult leader OF Law 244 corrects this inequity with a good from this club is chosen by club members law. in the winning club to represent the HON. BARRATT O'HARA PUBLIC LAW 245 more than 6,500 local leaders of Minne- OF ILLINOIS H. R. 6382. Extends period of negotiated sales of surplus property: This is stopgap sota at the club congress. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Newhouse Horsemen 4-H Club legislation, extending for 1 year (to June 30, Monday, January 25, 1954 1954) the authority of General Services to was our club of the year this year, dispose of surplus Government property by and it selected Mrs. Harry Lommen of Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, negotiation instead of by advertising for Spring Grove as the local leader to be I am extending my remarks to include sealed bids. It is sound and prudent policy honored as an official member of the my 11th report to my constituents in the to award public contracts after open com- delegation. 2d District of Illinois on the legislation petitive bidding (mandatory by law in Illi- Very few of the 83d Congress. The report follows: nois). But in the case of Federal surplus States are invited to submit property disposals the Congress has felt there talent numbers for the annual share ELEVENTH REPORT ON LEGISLATION OF THE 83D is an exception when the property is being the fun breakfast on the final morning CONGRESs taken over (for the public benefit) by State of the club congress. There are only DEAR FRIEND: During the 2d session of the and local governments or is being repos- about 8 or 9 entertainment numbers that 83d Congress I shall continue to report to sessed by its former owners. Public Law 245, are brought in from over the country, you on the new laws of the land. As quickly among other things, makes it possible for yet Minnesota was fortunate in having as possible after bills have been passed by approximately 1,000 former owners to re- the first place talent number from our both House and Senate and signed by the acquire at prevailing market values 36,600 State's President, you will be given (a) a summary acres of farm lands in the installations to be search for 4-H talent-a fine of the new laws, and (b) the how and why abandoned at Camp Ellis, Ill., and High quartet from Wadena-was selected to of your vote as cast by me as your Repre- Point, N. C. Also enables veterans and oc- appear on the program this year. sentative. cupants of housing units in Lemmon, Minnesota was further honored by In the 1st session of the 83d Congress the S. Dak., to retain possession of their present having one of its participants in the public laws enacted reached a total of 288. homes. International Farm Many of these were passed by Congress in PUBLIC LAW 246 Youth Exchange the closing days so that an unusually large program, Marlene Mattila of Sebeka, H. R. 6049. School construction assistance: number were left on the President's desk for In the 81st Congress I voted for Public Law who recently returned from Finland, action after the adjournment of Congress. speak at the 815 under which some $341 million was spent club congress banquet for These are covered in this report, which begins in the construction of 14,500 classrooms all the delegates. Marlene spoke on her with Public Law 243 and ends with the last housing 440,000 children. This met the react experiences as 1 of 4 International Farm of the 1st session, Public Law 288. sponsibility of the Federal Government for My previous reports Youth Exchange delegates from Minne- were printed for per- aiding school construction in communities manent record in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, that had been burdened with large increases sota going overesas last year. as follows: in school attendance as a result of the in- The delegates Public Laws 1-45, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, were accompanied by migration of defense and other Federal work- volume 99, part 14, pages A4313-A4318; Osgood Magnuson, Bernard Beadle, A. ers. Public Law 246 of the 83d Congress Public Laws 46-76, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, E. Engebretson, Gwen Bacheller, and provides for a continuance of this program. Elaine Tessman volume 99, part 14, pages A4417-A4419; from the University Public Laws 77-100, CONGRESSIONAL RDCORD, About $150 million will be spent in caring for Farm as chaperones. volume 99, part 15, pages A4795-A4798; an estimated further increase of over 500,000 Our 4-H Club work is being effectively Public Laws 101-124, CONGRESSIONAL REC- children in the school enrollments of fed- carried out under the direction of ORD, volume 99, part 15, pages A5220-A5223; erally affected school districts, 230,000 more Leonard Harkness, State 4-H Club Public Laws 125-169, CONGRESSIONAL REC- than can be accommodated in present school leader, ORD, volume 99, part 15, pages A5265-A5268; buildings. Title IV of the act authorizes $20 to whom I am indebted for the Public Laws 170-201, CONGRESSIONAL REC- million school construction assistance in information in this report. ORD, volume 99, part 15, pages A5381-A5383; areas inhabited mainly by Indians. I know 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 767 and the undertaking of a rehabilitation pro- weather modification. you agree with me that money spent in public Purpose is to sepa- gram under direction of the tribal council rate the true from the false, encourage scien- education is money wisely invested. aimed at raising social and economic tific advance, protect farmers from the PUBLIC LAW 247 standards. fakirs. H. R. 6354. Lanham Act housing at Cape PUBLIC LAW 252 PUBLIC LAW 257 May, N. J.: Coast guard and navy personnel S. 2383. New Jersey-New York Waterfront S. 677. National Conference on Citizen- occupancy of can continue in undisturbed Commission Compact: Because the port of ship: In 1946 a small group of men and May, those 50 Lanham Act houses at Cape New York extends Into both the State of women met at Philadelphia in a conference 247. For a while N. J., thanks to Public Law New York and the State of New Jersey on citizenship. Since then some 1,000 pub- housing units it was intended to declare the efficient law enforcement was difficult with lic and private organizations have joined up. them as such. Bet- surplus and dispose of the result that the district came under the Public Law 257 grants a Federal charter to turning them over to ter plan was adopted of domination of gangsterism, harmful to the conference. a receiving the Coast Guard, which maintains labor, to the shipping industry and to the May. PUBLIC LAW 258 station at Cape good reputation of the United States S. 887. Permits exchange of farm PUBLIC LAW 248 throughout the world of commerce. units on irrigation projects: Merely modernizes sec- While it was a situation capable of being H. R. 6078. School maintenance assistance: tion of existing law providing for exchange handled through concerted action of the As a Member of the 81st Congress I supported of farm units on Federal reclamation proj- two States in which the harbor legislation (Public Law 874) providing finan- lies, the States ects where original entry was found to be were cial assistance for the maintenance and powerless to proceed until Congress insufficient to support a family. operation of schools in areas affected by Fed- gave the nod. Why? Article I, section 10, PUBLIC LAW 259 eral activities. Assistance provided under of the Constitution of the United States, this act served to prevent serious deteriora- reading: "No State shall, without the consent S. 1105. National Safety Council: This act tion in the school situation generally and of the Congress * * * enter into any incorporates the National Safety Council, in some Federal projects areas a complete agreement or compact with another State." organized in Chicago in 1913, the only na- breakdown in the public-school system. All that Public Law 252 does is to grant tional organization exclusively devoted to Cost: In 1951, $30,100,000 for 442,000 chil- congressional consent, pursuant to the Fed- the prevention of accidents in all fields of dren; in 1952, $47,750,000 for 620,000 children; eral Constitution, to an interstate compact activity. As a Chicagoan, I experienced a in 1953, estimated $60,500,000 for 750,000 chil- between New York and New Jersey setting up thrill of pride at having the opportunity to dren. Public Law 248 of the present Congress a bi-State agency to improve waterfront vote for this measure. During World War extends the assistance, with some changes, labor conditions in 'the port of New York II, 100,000 more Americans were killed in to June 30, 1956. area. The Senate passed the bill without accidents within the United States than died in PUBLIC LAW 249 rollcall, the House on the Consent Calendar. in combat. Accidents cause one death the United States every 6 minutes, an in- PUBLIC LAW 253 House Joint Resolution 250. Bicentennial jury every 3 seconds. The National Safety of founding of Columbia University: Estab- S. 2220. Natural-gas pipelines: Existing law Council works efficiently in an important lishes a commission to cooperate with Co- required that natural-gas pipeline compa- field. Another Chicago contribution to the lumbia University in the celebration of its nies crossing public lands must be common welfare of the Nation. bicentennial. Similar legislation honored carriers and that they must either carry or Harvard's tercentenary (1936), Princeton's purchase the oil or gas produced from Gov- PUBLIC LAW 260 bicentennial (1946), and Washington and ernment lands in the vicinity of the pipe- S. 2097. $33 million development project Lee's bicentennial (1948). It was in October lines. Public Law 253 knocks that wise pro- in Alaska: In 1950 the Congress authorized of 1754 that a charter was granted to King's vision into a cocked hat. This is one of the the expenditure of $20,365,400 in the con- College, later Columbia University. Alex- bad measures rushed through in the closing struction of a hydroelectric project in ander Hamilton was an alumnus of King's days of the session. Secretary of the Interior the vicinity of Anchorage and Palmer in College, and Columbia has given to the McKay's excuse: "Particular urgency." Alaska. The project is but 60 percent com- Nation 2 Presidents, a Vice President, and pleted and most of the money authorized PUBLIC LAW 254 3 Chief Justices. is gone. Reason: the high cost of construc- H. R. 1383. Money distribution among In- PUBLIC LAW 250 tion in Alaska, actually 2.35 times that pre- dian heirs: Among the Indians of the Five vailing in continental United States. Con- S. 1397. Saving atomic energy supply pro- Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma are some 700 gress increased the authorization to $33 gram by validation of mining claims: In accounts of less than $500 owing to unde- million, conditional, however, on an agree- Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado is termined heirs of deceased members. Pub- ment with the city of Anchorage turning the Colorado Plateau, principal source of lic Law 254 authorizes the Secretary of the over to the Federal Government the present our supply of fissionable materials so im- Interior to do the best he can without in- hydroelectric facilities of the municipality. portant to our atomic energy program. curring the usual expenses of probate and PUBLIC LAW 261 Vanadium, with which uranium is often as- formal judicial proceedings. sociated, was discovered there some years S. 1367. Crop insurance program: Extends ago. Urged on by the Atomic Energy Com- PUBLIC LAW 255 authority of Federal Crop Insurance Corpo- mission (it offered bonuses for new discov- H.R. 1152. Loans to fur farmers: Follow- ration to expand the crop insurance program eries, pointed out likely locations for pros- ing World War II the fur farmers were hard into additional counties. pecting, distributed working manuals) pros- hit by foreign competition and increased PUBLIC LAW 262 pectors did a good job in locating new min- production costs. Congress authorized a ing claims. But it turned out that many program, under which over $4 million was S. 671. State taxation of Atomic Energy of the places where the much-desired fis- loaned by the Government and less than Commission activities: In 1952 the United sionable materials were located was on land $3 million has been repaid to date. In 1949 States Supreme Court held (Carson v. known to be valuable for gas and oil. For it was estimated there were 7,000 bona fide Roane-Andcrson Co. (342 U. S. 232)) that years the Department of the Interior has fur farmers in the United States; trade jour- under the last sentence of section 9 (b) of ruled that valid mining claims cannot be nals say the number now is down to 5,000. the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 private con- located on gas and oil land. Hence the Public Law 255 extends the fur loan pro- tractors employed by the commission were uranium miners were in the position tech- gram for 5 years, largely restricting it to exempt from State and local taxation. Pub- nically of trespassers. Congress cleared up those already indebted to the United States lic Law 262 strikes out the offending last the muddle and saved the atomic energy in the hope of helping them to get clear. sentence of section 9 (b) as requested in supply by enacting Public Law 250, which May be throwing good money after bad. resolutions adopted by the Conference of with certain limitations and reservations State Governors. PUBLIC LAW 256 validates all mining claims located between PUBLIC LAW 263 December 31, 1938, and March 20, 1953. S. 285. Committee for weather modification study: I was Interested to learn from Senate Joint Resolution 62. Three hun- PUBLIC LAW 251 the committee report (H. Rept. No. 1022, dred and fiftieth anniversary of founding of H. R. 5328. Ute Moutain Indian tribe: The p. 3) that rainmaking is big business (one Jamestown, Va.: This measure creates a Ute Indian tribe in the Ute Mountain Res- rainmaking contractor had 300 million acres commission of 11 members to plan the cele- ervation, located in portions of Colorado, in the United States under contract) and is bration in 1957 of the 350th anniversary of New Mexico, and Utah, numbers some 600 international In scope. The committee re- Jamestown, Va. You will want to mark people. It is a nomadic tribal group, 97 ports that weather control promises tre- down this historic celebration in planning percent of which is full blood, only 5 mem- mendous benefits, its activities may have your 1957 vacation. bers with a high school education and most far-reaching and catastrophic effects. Cited PUBLIC LAW 264 of the tribe, including all the members of illustration: a single pound of dry ice, trig- 8. 41. Forfeiture and disposal of property the tribal council, unable to speak English. gered off a heavy rainstorm, could cause an seized under the Espionage Act: Statutes By virtue of a 1950 Court of Claims judg- energy release equivalent in magnitude to governing exports from the United States ment and a 1951 act of Congress the tribe the energy of several atomic bombs. Public have increased greatly [narcotic drugs, fis- now has $6,250,000 cash money. Public Law Law 256 creates a committee to study and sionable materials needed for the atomic- 251 permits a per capita distribution of $500 evaluate public and private experiments in energy program, arms and ammunitionl. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25

Because of the increased burden upon the proceeding by the Bureau of Internal Reve- lands oil surrender of the Federal domain; customs personnel, Public Law 264 was en- nue when it fears that ultimate collection it belonged to an affiliated minor league, of a tax is in danger. Once such an assess- acted at the request of the Treasury Depart- PUBLIC LAW 279 ment. It simplifies and brings up to date ment was made the Bureau had no authority the procedure for forfeiting property in- to revoke it even though later it found that H. R. 2062. Coordination of Wisconsin re- tended to be exported in violation of law and a mistake had been made. Public Law 274 tirement fund with the Federal old-age and for effecting forfeiture of transporting vessel, permits the revocation of a jeopardy assess- survivors insurance system: The Wisconsin vehicle, or aircraft. ment whenever it appears that there is in retirement system was formulated to dovetail fact no danger of losing any tax which may with the Federal system. To meet an un- PUBLIC LAW 265 be due. usual situation, not present in any other State, S. 2163. Transfer of Cottonfleld Station: PUBLIC LAW 275 Public Law 279 was enacted. It does Authorizes transfer of Cottonfield Station not change in any way the principle of exist- at Statesvllle, N. C., to State of North Caro- House Joint Resolution 268. Bi-State park ing law. lina In return for use by Federal Government on the Big Sandy River: Located in Virginia a PUBLIC LAW 280 short distance from the Kentucky State line of certain State facilities. H.R. 1063. Indian is the Breaks area, where the Russell Fork affairs: This confers jurisdiction on California, PUBLIC LAW 266 of the Big Sandy River has cut a deep gorge Minnesota, Ne- braska, Oregon, and Wisconsin H. R. 307. Bridge at Ogdensburg, N. Y.: though Pine Mountain. Seemingly perpen- in criminal offenses and civil causes of action Authorizes the construction and mainte- dicular sandstone cliffs rise 800 feet from the on Indian reservations within the respective States. It nance of a toll bridge across the St. Lawrence stream bed. It is an area spectacular sceni- is along the present trend (1) to withdraw at Ogdensburg, N. Y. cally and of large tourist appeal. Public Law River Federal responsibility for Indian the consent of Congress to the affairs, (2) PUBLIC LAW 267 275 grants to terminate subjection negotiation of a compact for the establish- of Indians to Federal laws applicable only to Indians. H. R. 1219. Railroad bridge at Hidalgo, ment of a bli-State park in this area by Vir- Tex.: Another bridge authorization. ginia and Kentucky. The two States will PUBLIC LAW 281 PUBLIC LAW 268 foot the bill, but the consent of Congress is H. R. 3409. Terminates Federal restrictions H. R. 1245. Armory site for Wisconsin Na- required nevertheless in compliance with the upon Indians: At long, long last the trade tional Guard: Conveys to Wisconsin State constitutional provisions forbidding States barriers are being burned down for our most Armory Board 8.8 acres located at Truax to enter into contracts and agreements with abused. and discriminated against minority Field, Dane County, Wis. one another without first getting clearance group. Public Law 281 repeals some obso- from Congress. lete and ridiculous laws, such as a ban on PUBLIC LAW 269 PUBLIC LAW 270 trading with Indians and the loss to an H. R. 4151. Amendment to Social Security Indian trader of his license if he traded in Senate Joint Resolution 98. Liquidation of Act: Under the old-age and survivors insur- guns and ammunition with "uncivilized and ance system, individuals in the active mili- Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration: hostile Indians." tary or naval service of the United States PRRA was established in 1935 to provide re- PUBLIC LAW 282 are provided certain wage credits. Public lief and work to Puerto Rico, sadly stricken Law 269 extends this privilege to include by hurricane and depression. Some $70 H.R. 4508. Sale of lands to Oklahoma for service rendered prior to July 1, 1955. million was appropriated for the work during park: Oklahoma is planning a $1,300,000 the intervening years. Since 1942 its activi- recreational development for the Quartz PUBLIC LAW 270 ties have been financed out of the revolving Mountain State Park. To finance the under- H. R. 5662. Monroe County, Mich.: More fund and have consisted mainly in the man- taking with a bond issue the State must have than 130 years ago French settlers of Monroe agement of housing. Public Law 276 re- fee title to Federal lands now under lease to County in Michigan staked out claims along quires that the liquidation of the adminis- the State. To accommodate, Public Law the waterfront of the Raisin River. In 1819 tration be completed within 18 months. 282 authorizes the sale of 87.5 acres of rocky, the Federal Government surveyed into town- PUBLIC LAW 277 mountainous land near Altus, Okla., at $6.50 ships and sections. Most of the settlers con- an acre. tinued to occupy the land as originally staked H. R. 1055. Eliminates discriminatory leg- PUBLIC LAW 283 islation against Indians: This measure, re- out, neglected to submit proof of ownership. H. R. 4980. pealing Federal statutes relating to sales of Drawback of taxes on distilled In 1928 Congress caught up with the un- spirits: Accelerates refund to manufacturers happy situation, enacted a law providing for intoxicants to Indians, is in line with the present trend to treat the Indians as all other of non-beverage products of authorized the issuance of patents. Public Law 270 drawback allowances. Administration legis- segments of our population are treated. extends this for another year. Farms in lation requested by the Treasury Department. Monroe County remain in the same family PUBLIC LAW 278 for generations, hence the delay PUBLIC LAW 284 in locating S. 2094. State and water conservation fa- all the legal defects. H. R. 4483. Compensation to Indians for cilities: When States and municipalities un- lands of Riverton project: In 1904 the Sho- PUBLIC LAW 271 dertake the construction of water conserva- shone and Arapahoe tribes ceded to the tion facilities they first must obtain permis- H. R. 6185. Preference accorded to veterans States a large portion of the Wind sion of the Federal Government because nav- United in Federal employment: Veterans may have River reservation in Wyoming. Later the igable streams are involved. It is the same 5 or 10 points added to their earned ratings land became part of the Riverton reclama- procedure required when the city of Chicago In civil-service examinations for Federal po- tion project. Public Law 284 authorizes a builds a bridge over the Chicago River. The sitions, but only after they have received a payment to the credit of the Indians of Power Act, however, contains a re- passing grade. Under the Veterans' Prefer- Federal $1,009,500 for the 161,500 acres of land ence Act of 1944 veterans who did not ac- capture clause under which the Federal Gov- involved. pos- tually make a passing grade were placed on ernment after 50 years can come into PUBLIC LAW285 the eligible register if session of all water power and conservation their actual ratings H. R. 5603. Loans on forest lands: Time plus the 5 or 10 veteran preference points projects, including those financed and owned may determine this to have been the most equaled a passing grade. Public by municipalities and States. Public Law Law 271 important legislation, in a realistic sense, to amends the act in this respect. 278 eliminates the recapture clause in the case of public facilities. come from the first session of the 83d Con- PUBLIC LAW 272 During the last 6 days of a session of Con- gress. I supported it with enthusiasm in and was H. R. 6252. Girl Scouts of the United States gress, one of the permitted but extraordinary committee (Banking and Currency) the House without of America: Charter of the Girl Scouts of ways of getting a bill up for a vote is by happy when it passed it does is to permit the United States of America Is amended to suspension of the rules. The motion is with- opposition. All that national banks to make 10-year loans on (1) make it certain that only a citizen of in the discretion of the Speaker. It was in forest tracts. Its importance lies in the fact the United States shall be a member of the this manner that Public Law 278 passed the that we have a diminishing timber supply, national council (language in original char- House in the closing hours. in part responsible for the mounting cost ter is ambiguous), (2) permit national coun- The proponents of the measure said that cil to meet once every 3 years instead of 2 of home construction In Chicago and else- the recapture clause was making it difficult where. Some timber can be grown in 10 years, and (3) change beginning of fiscal for the States and municipalities to finance year to October 1 instead of January 1. years. All that is needed to assure a con- and refinance necessary bond issues. tinuing supply of lumber is to give the PUBLIC LAW 273 Nevertheless, the recapture clause for years timber farmers financing to carry over the H. R. 6913. Water supply for Denison, Tex.: has been thought an essential protection of period of growth. Most of the commercial Modifies Flood Control Act of 1938 as re- the Federal domain. In 1912 President Taft forest land is owned by small individuals gards Denison Dam to permit of contract vetoed a bill providing for a dam across (average acreage about 60) who have not the with city of Denison for use of storage space the Coosa River because it did not contain a means to replant. Loans made possible by in Lake Texoma for purpose of providing recapture clause, the presidential message Public Law 285 (1) will make it unnecessary city with a regulated water supply. holding that to pass such a bill without a to cut timber prematurely (2) will facilitate recapture clause would be to throw away the the practice of thinning which takes out the PUBLIC LAW 274 assets of the Government. trees that are suitable for removal and leaves H. R. 6402. Abatement of jeopardy assess- I did not vote for Public Law 278. It was others for increased growth (3) encourage ments: Jeopardy assessment is an arbitrary not in the same major league with the tide- fresh plantings. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE

PUBLIc LAW 288 your Representative, as with all his col- tear us down by underselling our pro- for franked leagues not members of the committee, it ducers in our home market they will ruin H. R. 6281. Reimbursement was all a matter of faith. You cannot learn case of how a the best market in the world. Free trade mail matter: This is a typical much from a summer's zephyr. without ,ecord for economy is built up BARRATr O'HARA. will be a hollow shell. It is as much in actually saving the taxpayers a dime. The the interest of our friends across the post office carries about a million and a half seas as it is in our own interest to keep dollars of official franked mail annually. our own economy on a high level. in the There is to be no charge of any sort The Randall Commission Report Reducing our tariff 5 percent per year franking privilege, but hereafter each department of the Federal Government (in- or by any other arbitrary figure is at cluding the Congress) will send in a check to EXTENSION OF REMARKS best unscientific and completely out of cover what the post office calculates the bill OF order. Nothing could be more clear than to be at the regular postal rates. It will all the difference in the amount of protec- add up to reducing the post-office deficit HON. TOM STEED tion needed by different industries. Any one-fourth of 1 percent (by the method of OF OKLAHOMA across-the-board tariff reduction, even if from one pocket to put it in taking money IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES further reductions might There of course will be some extra be justified another.) here and there, would be the worst expense in maintaining a system of account- Monday, January 25. 1954 sent to the possible approach. ing so that the right bills can be the report various departments of Government. The Mr. STEED. Mr. Speaker, taxpayers can put that down as the price of of the Randall Commission recommends being orderly. that the President be empowered to lower PUBLIC LAW 287 our tariff at the rate of 5 percent a year Statement of Hon. Frances P. Bolton, of H. R. 6426. Technical Changes Act of 1953, for 3 years. Ohio, Upon Introducing Resolution Internal Revenue: Section 116 (a) (2) of the This is a strange recommendation. Internal Revenue Act was designed to en- It represents what the report de- Requesting Proclamation of National courage the flow abroad of American techni- scribes as a gradual removal of remain- Nurse Week cal knowledge. It afforded immunity from ing trade barriers. What it would actu- taxes for Americans United States income ally mean would be stagnation of many remaining outside the United States for 17 EXTENSION OF REMARKS out of 18 consecutive months. Movie stars industries and a slow death for others. OF with other individuals with large earnings How can we hope to maintain full pro- seized upon the provision of section 116 (a) duction, high employment, and a healthy HON. FRANCES P. BOLTON (2) as an inducement to go abroad to per- flow of investment, if we confront many OF OHIO form services customarily performed at home, of our industries and agricultural pur- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thus holding onto their princely incomes suits with an unfavorable market out- without sharing any part with the Federal look? Monday, January 25, 1954 Public Law 287 puts an end Government. we are to maintain an expanding to the racket by repealing section 116 (a) If Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON. Mr. (2). It makes a number of other changes economy or even one that will hold its Speaker, there has been a serious short- which the experiences of time in the admin- own we cannot issue a warrant of eco- age of professional and other nursing istration of the income and estate laws have nomic strangulation to hundreds of our personnel in this country since World suggested. producers. We cannot afford to say to War II. Nurse power has become a Of interest to Chicagoans (if any) who buy them that they are inefficient and uneco- health resource of vital importance to their cigarettes by mail is the provision which nomic and better dead by exposing them military and civilian patient care and fixes the venue of action for violation of to a form of competition that is based on other health State cigarette tax law. Please note that services. Although it is the venue is in Illinois, not the State from much lower wages and other costs and difficult to estimate accurately the num- which the cigarettes are shipped. Thought burdens than our own industries are ber of professional nurses currently you would want to know. forced to bear. Not only would it be needed, data has been collected on the House Report No. 894, 1st session, 83d Con- unfair, since many of the burdens of our number of budgeted positions which are gress, is an unusually well-prepared docu- producers are the result of conditions now vacant. The vacancies in hospitals ment setting forth the background and char- and obligations that they themselves did reported for the Nation as a whole is acter of all the various technical changes of not create but were forced upon them 52,000; in the official health depart- the 1953 act. as a result of national policies; but the PUBLIC LAW 288 ments, approximately 2,700. Additional injury would not stop with just a few in- nurses are needed for private duty, in H. R. 6441. Facilitates private financing of dustries. It would spread from industry industry, and for leadership positions in new ship construction: This measure has to industry. Distress areas have a way the distinction of being the last act of the nursing education and administration in first session of the 83d Congress to become a of spreading. the several fields. This poses a serious law of the land. It flew through the Halls of We saw it in 1949 and 1950. The problem to the people of the Nation, who Congress as quickly and as quietly as a sum- Korean outbreak saved the day. Surely when ill, need a nurse to care for them, mer's zephyr. The House passed its own we do not want to depend once more or when well, should be benefitting by version on July 31, the Senate amended by upon such a circumstance. preventive nursing services. A solution substituting Its version on August 1, and the The question is asked what would same to the problem is complicated by the fact day the House agreed to the amended happen to our friends among the free bill. The President, left with a large basket that schools of nursing are not graduat- of bills to read when Congress folded up on nations of the world if we closed our door ing more than approximately 30,000 August 3, finally cleaned up the job on Au- to imports. That would be a catastrophe nurses a year. On the other hand, the gust 15 with his signature approving Public indeed; but no one proposes to shut our professional nursing organizations esti- Law 288. door to imports. All that anyone asks mate that 55,000 should be graduated in The purpose of the act is to encourage is that imports be placed on a basis of order to keep up with increasing de- private financing for new ship construction fair competition, not that they be cut mands and annual attrition. for operation In the foreign trade of the off or materially reduced. During United States. Since 1936 by far the greater World War II, this Congress part of ship construction has been financed Fair competition in the end will lead to passed the Bolton Act which established under title V of the Merchant Marine Act, a higher volume of trade than will de- the United States Cadet Nurse Corps. the owner paying 25 percent of the cost of structive competition. We have learned During the program which ran from July the vessel and the Government taking a 20- that in this country: We outlawed 1943 to October 1945, 1,100 basic schools year mortgage on the balance. Public Law sweatshop competition and we hear no of nursing and 57 graduate schools re- 288 liberalizes title XI, which provides gov- one advocating that it be brought back. ceived Federal aid. Under this program ernment insurance of private ship mortgage, Our economy is much better with the hope that to some modest extent off without schools were partially reimbursed for the it will encourage the utilization of private it. What is good at home will also be cost of room and board for students and funds for ship construction. The amount of good in our foreign trade. Fair import received payment in lieu of the amount Government insurance provided for Is competition will lead to a higher volume which students paid for tuition, books, limited to 90 percent to leave to the private than destructive competition. and uniforms. Students were given a lender some share of the financial responsi- What good will it do other countries small monthly stipend and an official bility. I hope it is a good bill even though that sell to us if they break our market uniform. The program graduated 125,- not too much is expected of it. But with and undermine our economy. If they 000 basic students and provided advance C--49 770 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25 instruction to 17,000 graduates. It cost National Nurse Week will tell what record of what happened to that industry $149 million. nurses are doing to meet the demands of last year is therefore quite alarming. In this resolution we are not request- modern medical science. It will describe The number of new housing starts de- ing an appropriation, but rather a proc- the new responsibilities they are carrying clined steadily from 111,000 in April to lamation. The Department of Health, in caring for the sick and the new roles 88,000 in October. In October 1952, Education, and Welfare, the American they play in health education. It will 101,000 starts were made. If construe- Nurses Association, and many citizen portray the drama of the art and science tion is to be used as one of our chief groups who are concerned with the seri- of nursing as it advances to keep pace antideflationary weapons, as is ap- ousness of the nursing situation, believe with the antibiotics, plastic repairs, and parently the hope of the present admin- that a national observance in honor of radioisotope therapy, as well as the need istration, it is clear that this downward nurses would be the means to interpret for nurses to be familiar with such thera- trend must be arrested immediately. nursing more fully and more interest- peutic wonders as gamma globulin, the Mr. Cole, the Administrator of the ingly than it has ever been brought to giant X-ray, and surgery on the heart Housing and Home Finance Agency, has the public before, and would serve as a itself. It is hoped that by this nation- stated that about 1 million new starts basis for a wide variety of community- wide program, we can portray nursing will be made this year. I believe Mr. action projects throughout the Nation as one of the essential elements of health Cole is overly optimistic. which would stimulate student-nurse re- and welfare. But even should Mr. Cole be correct, cruitment. Equally important is the op- Nineteen hundred and fifty-four is the housing at the rate of a million starts, portunity which this national observance logical year to launch this nationwide would fail to act as a brake against our would provide to dramatize by radio, observance because, among other things, present economic downturn. In 1925 television, and in the various other com- it is the 100th anniversary of Florence when our population was only about 115 munications media the dramatic service Nightingale's historic work in the Crimea. million, 937,000 units were started. which nurses are performing in all types I therefore respectfully submit for Since then our population has increased of health and hospital programs. your consideration and approval this by over 40 percent. An expanding Since World War II, the public has joint resolution proposing the first full population requires an expanding as National Nurse been told very effectively that there are week in October 1954, economy. If housing is to make its not enough nurses of all kinds to meet Week. I believe this is an important step proper contribution to our material their needs. National Nurse Week would for us to take in our effort to provide economic welfare, we might best return change this emphasis to the positive one more and better care for the people of to the recommendations of the Joint this country. of what nursing really is. For example, Committee on Housing of the Eightieth nurses today are performing many of Congress which found that the con- the tasks which formerly could be done struction of 2 million units per year only by doctors. This is not to say that The Boiling Housing Bill through 1960 should be regarded as a nurses are practicing medicine but rather bare minimum national housing pro- to point out how vastly medical practice gram. At the very least, we should fol- OF REMARKS has grown and how much it has pro- EXTENSION low the advice of the late Senator Taft's gressed beyond former methods of ther- OF postwar Committee on Housing and apy. As the doctors have undertaken HON. RICHARD BOLLING Urban Redevelopment which urged 1i new and more complicated methods of million housing starts per year. OF MISSOURI treatment, nurses have had to absorb I wish it clearly understood that I do those which the doctors no longer had IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES not claim my bill to be the complete or time to perform and which did not need Monday, January 25, 1954 final answer to our housing and eco- their particular medical skills. Nursing nomic needs. It is offered merely as my Mr. Speaker, I have has changed vastly since medical and Mr. BOLLING. idea for the initial step in the hous- right scientific advances have expanded its today introduced a comprehensive direction. ing bill. scope. This is one of the reasons why a Title I of the bill would act to restore My bill has as its twin objectives a nurse shortage has continued so long the public housing solution of our national housing problem program of the despite all efforts to overcome it. Among Housing and the restoration of our national Act of 1949. The Housing Act other reasons is the fact that the num- of 1949 was a bipartisan measure, the ber of patients admitted to hospitals has economy to the full vigor from which I result of years of exhaustive study of fear it is rapidly receding. It has as its increased faster than the population-as the country's housing needs by both a matter of fact, from 11 million in 1938 social objective the providing of decent, executive and legislative branches of safe, and sanitary housing for all Ameri- to 21 million in 1951. Also, each patient our Government. The most notable in- and thus re- can families and as its economic objec- leaves the hospital sooner, vestigations were made by Senator nursing care dur- tive a reversal of the present economic quires more intensive Taft's postwar Committee on Housing downturn, be it labeled depression, re- ing his stay in the hospital and more and Urban Redevelopment and the cession, or rolling adjustment. care at home after discharge. Joint Committee on Housing of the There are those who contend that even It is my firm belief that if the public Eightieth Congress. Their findings to discuss our present economic plight is who needs nursing service can be well acknowledged a clear need for the con- to aggravate it. They charge that those informed on these significant develop- tinuation and expansion of the low-rent of us who would discuss these problems ments in the nursing profession, we can housing program initiated in the United frankly and dispassionately and en- logically expect that public to give effec- States Housing Act of 1937. As it passed problems deavor to find a solution for them are tive support to the recruitment the Congress, the Housing Act of 1949 either the prophets of gloom and doom of nurse employers, and to accept with authorized the construction of 810,000 or carping partisans. I am unable to some understanding the increasing costs units of low-rent public housing at a concur in this philosophy. I do not of nursing care and of nursing education. rate of 135,000 units per year. Because believe that by pretending it is not there National Nurse Week will give the citi- of riders on various appropriation acts, the recession will disappear. I do not zens of our local communities the oppor- however, it has been possible to con- believe that I can be successfully tunity to support the need for nurses and struct only a small fraction of the au- challenged when I state that all is not the needs of nurses with the same vigor thorized units. Title I of my bill would well with our national economy. There and enthusiasm annually applied to a repeal those riders and thus reactivate is certainly room for argument as to the large number of other health campaigns. program authorized degree of our economic deterioration. the public housing Nursing service is implicit in all the na- by the 1949 Housing Act. tionwide campaigns which have drama- There is also room for argument as to Title II, I believe, provides a long tized cancer, tuberculosis, polio, and what measures should be taken to re- heart disease. Yet nursing service has verse it. No one, however, can success- overdue answer to the housing prob- never been given the nationwide atten- fully refute the statistics which make it lem of the middle-income group. This tion-the radio marathon, the telethons, increasingly clear each day that the na- is a very large segment of our popula- the widespread newspaper and magazine tional economy has moved downhill. .tion which, unfortunately, is not ade- publicity-which these campaigns have The construction industry is one of the quately served by our existing Federal merited. basic mainstays of our economy. The housing programs. Their incomes are CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 771 too high to make them eligible for ad- served as a clearing house for ideas, in- to private lending institutions and to mission to public housing projects. Yet formation, and data in housing technol- insure those loans sold under the reg- mortgage insurance programs of the ogy, economies, finance, and administra- ular FHA sections 8 or 203 mortgage- the tion of adequate local public controls insurance programs. I believe that Federal Housing Administration and the Veterans' Administration have over housing construction, use, and occu- title VII should do much to prevent tended to produce houses which are be- pancy. Basic research was provided by either a "money strike" by lenders such yond the financial ability of these the Bureau of Standards and other Gov- as we witnessed last year, or another people. The program envisioned by ernment agencies, educational institu- unreasonable rise in interest rates on title II would make use of the coopera- tions, and other organizations. Title IV Government-insured mortgages. tive or nonprofit corporation together would fully restore this program. Title VIII would extend and expand with an amortization period of 50 years, Title V provides for the reorganization the VA's direct home-loan program. It a low-interest rate-probably about 3 of the Housing and Home Finance Agen- would be extended until June 30, 1957, percent-and a down payment of not cy. It would divest the Housing and and its authorization would be enlarged over 5 percent to decent, safe, and sani- Home Finance Administrator of all func- by $500 million. The total authoriza- tary housing within the financial grasp tions, powers, and duties and place them tion would become available immedi- of the middle-income group. in new or existing constituent agencies of ately. There would be established a system the Housing and Home Finance Agency. The record of the direct loan program of financial aid to cooperative housing The heads of the constituent agencies leaves no doubt as to Congress' wisdom based on the principles of the Federal would be subject to the supervision and in enacting it. It proves that the Veter- home loan bank system and the PHA direction of the Administrator. I believe ans' Administration has done an excel- mortgage insurance system. It is de- that by taking operating duties away lent job of administering it. Most of all, signed to channel private investment from the Administrator and transferring however, it is a tribute to the character, into cooperative housing. This type of them to the constituent agencies we shall energy, and self-reliance of our veterans. housing is the only form of private enter- obtain improved control and coordina- As of December 31, 1953, a total of only prise housing as yet devised through tion of the constituent agencies by the 54 direct loans had been terminated by which the economies and savings Administrator. He then would be able foreclosure or voluntary conveyance in achieved in the financing, construction, to devote full time and attention to those lieu of foreclosure, representing about and operation of housing are transmit- tasks rather than to administering these 1 out of every 800 completed loans as of ted directly into corresponding reduc- programs as is the case at present. the same date. Of the 39,907 direct tions in the monthly charges which Title VI provides a warranty to buyers loans outstanding on that date, a total of families pay for housing. It is thereof 1- or 2-family houses built with Fed- 1,284 were in default by one or more in- fore the most promising plan offered so eral assistance, that their houses were stallments, with 158 or 0.4 percent in far for the provision of adequate housing built according to the plans and specifi- default by 4 or more installments. for middle income families. Title II cations on which Federal assistance was In conclusion may I repeat, my bill is would also provide technical assistance based. The provision is identical with not advanced as a complete or final to cooperatives, and loans for planning the bill on this subject introduced by the answer to this Nation's housing or eco- their projects. gentleman from Alabama [Mr. RAINS] nomic needs. I offer it in the belief that Title III would amend the slum clear- last year. It would also direct the FHA it will provide a modest but long over-due ance and urban redevelopment title of and VA local offices to permit purchasers step in the right direction. I believe it the Housing Act of 1949 so that local of such houses to inspect or copy the imperative that this Congress act imme- communities would have to bear only house plans or specifications' on file in diately both to provide decent safe and one-fifth, rather than one-third as pres- the FHA or VA local office. Title VI sanitary housing for all our people and ently required, of the net cost to them would, as I see it, protect the equity of to reverse the present downward spiral of making slum cleared land available both the Government and the home in our national economy. I invite all at fair value for approved new houses. buyer. I should like to state that the members of this body, without regard to In city after city throughout the coun- requirement of a warranty is not a re- party, to join me in the attainment of try extravagant waste of human and flection on the honest builder. In fact, those twin objectives. other resources arising from slum con- providing the buyer with a warranty is ditions is apparent. Slums and blighted a common practice in many other lines of areas foster delinquency, disease, and industry, ranging from a popcorn popper crime, the effects of which can only be to an automobile. When a person buys John Daniel Rust partly measured in the statistics avail- a house he is, as a rule, making a lifetime able. They create demands for welfare, investment and he is entitled to protec- fire, police, and other financial outlays tion by the same Government which pro- EXTENSION OF REMARKS greatly in excess of the revenues which vides financial assistance to the builder OF cities receive from them. or seller to construct that home. An excellent beginning toward the Title VII of the Housing Act of 1954 HON. BROOKS HAYS elimination of slums has been made un- would provide a new standby, direct loan OF ARKANSAS der the Housing Act of 1949. Many program in the FHA for loans to low- and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES smaller cities, however, do not have the middle-income nonveterans for the pur- Monday, January 25, 1954 resources to provide one-third of the net chase or construction of homes. The cost. Increasing the amount of the cost program would be based on the same Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. Mr. Speaker, to be borne by the Federal Government principles as the standby, direct housing in the passing of John D. Rust of Pine from two-thirds to four-fifths will enable loan program of the Veterans' Adminis- Bluff, Ark., the South loses a respected those cities to participate in the benefits tration. Under the provisions of this bill friend and leader. About 20 years ago he of this highly necessary program. it would expire at the same time the vet- invented and completed the building of Title IV would repeal a provision of erans' direct loan program would expire, the first successful mechanical cotton the First Independent Offices Appropria- June 30, 1957. Like the GI direct loan picker. In 1949 Ben Pearson, Inc., of tion Act of 1954 which required the liq- program, under which loans are made Arkansas, and the Allis Chalmers Co., uidation of the housing research pro- only to veterans who cannot obtain GI of Wisconsin, began manufacturing gram. The housing research program loans, the FHA direct loans would be pickers based on Mr. Rust's patents. was instituted in the Housing Act of 1948 made only in areas where FHA insured This invention represented a notable and substantially enlarged and broad- loans, or loans on terms equal to FHA contribution to the South's progress. ened by the Housing Act of 1949. The insured loans, are not available from Just as notable was the effort made by purpose of the program is to assist in private sources. The proposed FHA this distinguished Arkansawyer to avoid reducing housing costs and to increase direct loans would not exceed $10,000 in hardship among thousands of people em- the production of better housing. original principal amount, would be at a ployed in the harvesting of the South's The housing research program fills in rate of interest prescribed by the Com- cotton crop. Mr. Rust established a the gaps in housing research now con- missioner of FHA, and would mature in foundation to which he assigned a large ducted by producers of housing mate- not more than 30 years. The FHA portion of the income from this inven- rials and the housing industry. It would be authorized to sell these loans tion to finance various projects designed 772 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 25 to help farm laborers with the adjust- Opposition to Congressional and Judicial ness to give up some of the material things in ments necessitated by the introduction Salary Increase life in order to be the people's of the machine. Mechanical genius and Representative in this great democratic social idealism were blended in his per- Government. sonality. He and his wife ably developed EXTENSION OF REMARKS Another reason why I object to this the policies of the philanthropic and OF proposed raise is because it is out of pro. educational organization which bears his HON. ROBERT T. ASHMORE portion to the average salary increase in name, and we owe him a debt of grati- the business world. It OF SOUTH CAROLINA is almost unheard tude not only for a significant invention of in industry for an employee to get an but for leadership in the field of philan- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES increase in pay of 80 to 90 percent at one thropy. He will be greatly missed. Monday, January 25, 1954 time. Wages and salaries are custom- Mr. ASHMORE. Mr. Speaker, I rise arily increased by degrees, not almost to oppose a raise. The Special Com- doubled in one jump, so to speak. This money belongs to the A Cruiser in Honor of Brooklyn mission appointed to make a study of taxpayers, and it judicial and congressional salaries has should not be spent so extravagantly. All over the United States people are EXTENSION OF REMARKS made its report, and I am amazed that it has recommended the sum of $27,500 complaining about high taxes, and they OF annually for Federal judges and Mem- have a right to complain. But the only HON. LOUIS B. HELLER bers of Congress. I, for one, certainly way to reduce taxes is to first reduce do not favor the adoption of this report. spending. This Congress, I thought, was OF NEW YORK pledged to lower taxes and governmental IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Commission, and many others who believe such a raise is reasonable economy in general, yet it appears that Monday, January 25, 1954 and advisable, seems to feel that the many of the leaders expect to vote to nearly Mr. HELLER. Mr. Speaker, for many business of our Government in this cru- double the salaries of Members of years it has been the custom of the cial time is so grave and burdensome Congress. This is inconsistent to me. United States Navy to have one of its that salaries ought to be in direct rela- Therefore, I not only propose to continue cruisers named after the Borough of tionship to the responsibilities. I can- my efforts for economy in Government, Brooklyn, which is today the second not agree with this theory. Very few but I shall practice what I preach and largest community in the country. To officials who hold high Government vote against a salary raise. be exact, there have been at least 3 positions receive pay comparable to the Why should we raise the salaries of ships in our Navy during the past 100 responsibilities of their jobs. I do not Congressmen when the farmer's income years that proudly bore the name Brook- think the founders of our Republic ever is less than it has been for several years? lyn, and every one of them had an il- intended that they receive such pay. In Why should we raise the salary of Con- lustrious war record. the beginning of our Government, one gressmen and Federal judges when thou- The first of these ships, bearing the of the leaders said: "Salaries should be sands of miners in Pennsylvania, West name U. S. S. Brooklyn, was launched in fixed in the middleground where dignity Virginia, and several Western States are 1858. It participated in Commodore blends with economy." I believe this not working at all? Why should we raise Farragut's capture of New Orleans, Gal- statement is practical and based on these salaries when numerous New Eng- veston, and Mobile, and in other actions commonsense. The present salary of land textile mills are closing up shop and during the Civil War period. The sec- Congressmen-$12,500 per year, plus going out of business, and some southern ond Brooklyn was launched in 1895 and $2,500 expense allowance-is a middle- mills are operating only 3 or 4 days per served as the flagship of Commodore ground salary, which permits a Con- week? Why raise salaries of Congress- Winfleld Scott Schley in the Battle of gressman to live in dignity provided he men when some postal employees are Santiago during the Spanish-American is economical. And certainly we should delivering newspapers to supplement War. all be economy minded today with ex- their incomes so as to adequately sup- The third and most recent of these orbitant taxes and a public debt of al- port their families? Why raise salaries ships was a light cruiser which was most $275 billion. at a time when scores of expert econo- launched in the Brooklyn Navy Yard It takes about all of a Congressman's mists predict a recession and probably in 1936. During World War II it saw salary to live, I agree, since it is neces- a depression? 15 months of combat in European waters, sary for him to maintain one home in I hope and pray that these economists including 4 landings and 4 major en- Washington and another in his district. are wrong and that we will not have a gagements, and served as the flagship for However, in my opinion, Members of depression or even a recession. How- United States Naval Forces in north Congress are sent to Washington to make ever, if we start another series of wage African waters. The ship returned un- laws and not to make money. Congress- increases, that alone will lead to further scathed to the United States after the men are supposed to be public servants inflation, and steps of this kind ulti- war and was subsequently sold to Chile of the highest caliber. The honor of mately bring us to a recession, or worse. in July 1951. representing my people in Congress is of One Senator says, "It would be an af- For the first time in many years the great value to me, and pay of this kind front to the American people if Con- United States Navy has no cruiser named cannot be computed in dollars and cents. gress votes itself a pay raise now." And Brooklyn. The people of our borough, The point is made by this special com- at least one Congressman has said this who are very proud of their community, mission that higher salaries would bring pay raise would blow the lid off increased are keenly aware of this fact and are better men to Congress. I think this Federal spending and definitely acceler- disappointed that to date the Depart- argument is unsound, because through- ate inflation. I believe we have inflation ment of Defense has not seen fit to be- out the history of this Nation many men whipped if we will just hold the line and stow the name of Brooklyn on another and women have served their country continue to reduce spending and taxes. cruiser and thus maintain the glorious admirably and heroically, often without But if Congress sets an inflationary tradition of the past 100 years. Various any monetary compensation whatever. example by raising the pay of its own civic groups and veterans organizations For example, during World War I and Members, then all other wage earners have urged that the Navy commission World War II many patriotic citizens would be justified in demanding more another vessel in honor of our borough. served their country for $1 per year. To money for their work. I am, therefore, introducing a joint be sure, they were men of wealth who Can we afford to raise the relief checks resolution into Congress which simply did not expect or need any salary, but, at of the blind, crippled, aged, and dis- provides that the next crusier to be com- the same time, they made great sacri- abled? If we do not expect to do that, missioned in the United States Navy fices in order to serve. Some members of then let us forget this question of raising shall be named Brooklyn. I am doing so President Eisenhower's Cabinet gave up our own pay. These unfortunate souls particularly at the request of the Kings jobs in industry, which provided them are at the mercy of charity and their County Council of the Jewish War Vet- tremendous incomes, so that they might Government, with no means of earning erans, which recently passed a resolution accept positions of greater honor, trust, a livelihood. urging that a new cruiser be named in and service in Government. If Congress expects to hold the respect honor of Brooklyn. I urge the commit- No; it is not money or big salaries that and confidence of the voters, it should tee to give my resolution prompt consid- brings the best men to Congress. It is not give relief in the form of higher sal- eration and take favorable action, simply love of country and one's willing- aries, first to its own Members, A na- 1954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE lem. Disease by disease the witnesses enu- by X-ray treatment. But if these treatments tional poll on this question shows that in this merated the number of people afflicted, the are not completely successful, as is too fre- a large majority of the people quently the case, and number of premature deaths, the number the physician is unable to country are opposed to Congressmen of people crippled, the cost of illness to the do much more than to provide palliative annu- Federal judges receiving $27,500 individual and his family, and the cost of treatment. He does not know the causes of ally. the disease to the Nation in terms of lost tumor growth and is thus unable truly to Congressmen can live very well on production, lost manpower, and the tax bur- conquer it. are now paid and, in addition den for medical care. While it is obvious that in some of these what they We were told that heart disease is the fields we do not yet know how we may pro- to the salary, they have the high honor in the world's leading cause of death in the United States, vide a complete cure, nor, in others do we of representing the people causing more than 1 out of every 2 deaths know just what we are fighting, research greatest deliberative body. each year. It is the leading cause of death activities already have produced marvelous among children, and exacts a toll from every results in the prevention and treatment of age group. some of them, and we may be well along At the rate at which we are acquiring can- the road to a solution in some of them. Dr. Walter B. Martin, President-Elect cer, 50 million of the present population of I would not in anyway wish to disparage the United States probably will acquire can- the great progress that has been made, nor of the American Medical Association, cer, and about 25 million of them will die discourage, nor fail to support to the utmost, Before the House Committee from that disease. even greater research into the causes and Testifies The number of mentally ill patients in prevention of these diseases of mankind. on Interstate and Foreign Commerce the United States exceeds the number of Yet, it is all too evident that at the present Health as a patients suffering from any other type of time these diseases continue to be, and prob- Inquiring Into Nation's disease, approximately half-662,500 out of ably will continue to be for some time, a Basis for a Health Program 1.425,000 hospital beds in the United States tremendous burden upon the families of our are needed and used for this group of ill- Nation as they attempt to meet the costs of nesses. providing the medical care which long con- EXTENSION OF REMARKS Cerebral vascular disease, while causing tinued illness places upon them. Indeed, OF some 160.000 deaths yearly, is more serious the very fact that we are now able in some as a permanent crippler, leaving 1,800,000 degree to treat many of these diseases and HON. CHARLES A. WOLVERTON now alive and crippled, paralyzing the body, prolong human lives but increases the prob- OF NEW JERSEY or seriously limiting the powers of move- lems of an economic nature. Extended hospitalization and medical attention IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment, speech, and vision. The other neu- prove rological and sensory disorders, similarly exceedingly costly, and such costs are Monday, January 25, 1954 affecting the brain or spinal cord, are re- mounting. Mr. Speaker, the sponsible for the disablement of another What families today-with one of their Mr. WOLVERTON. number suddenly stricken-can Foreign 8,200,000 persons. afford from Committee on Interstate and their own resources to pay the $4,380 in- Commerce was privileged to have before There are 300,000 men, women, and children in the United States who are total- volved in the hospitalization of a chronic 28, 1954, as a it on Thursday, January ly blind, and 300,000 more have visual de- heart patient for 1 year; or the monthly cost witness on the subject of the nation's fects so serious as to create partial or almost at a cerebral palsy center offering the full health, Dr. Walter B. Martin, president- total disability. range of medical, psychological, and social services, averaging as elect of the American Medical Associa- Arthritis, with a total of 10 million victims much as $750 per child; or the $10,000 cost per year tion. today, with over 1 million permanently dis- in keeping a seriously involved Before hearing the testimony of Dr. abled, afflicts more people, cripples and dis- polio case in an iron lung? Or if from their own resources, and those the ables more people, and brings more pain to Martin, Chairman WOLVERTON, of of relatives, they can meet the more people than any other chronic disease. costs of such committee, presented a summary of the illness, at what cost to them in financial There are at least 1 million known dia- testimony that has already been pre- readjustment, lowered standard of living, betics in the country today. sented to the committee by the several interrupted schooling, uprooted children, Last year more than 250,000 Americans witnesses who have already appeared be- loss of layaway for old age, or assumption of of working age alone were unable to work the breadwinner's role by someone else? fore the committee in its inquiry con- because of active tuberculosis. cerning an adequate health program. With such background, accordingly, the During the years 1938-52, 302,677 cases committee next undertook The statement of Chairman WOLVER- as part of its in- of poliomyelitis were reported in the United quiry the study of just what protection TON is as follows: States and its Territories. During the same against these costs now may be available to STATEMENTOF REPRESENTATIVE CHARLES A. years 20,916 deaths were caused by this dis- the individual American family. Last Octo- WOLVERTON,CHAIRMAN OF HOUSE COMMIT- ease. The estimate for 1953 is 35,000 cases. ber we heard from various insurance compa- TEEON INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE, However, the testimony of these witnesses nies which write insurance on an individual INTRODUCINGTHE WITNESSES FROM THE was not all gloom. They also outlined for or group basis. This January we have been AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION AT THE us the tremendous progress which has been hearing from the sponsors and administra- JANUARY28 SESSION made in reducing the illness and death rate tors of many group plans, from labor unions, Last fall after the adjournment of the from certain diseases, particularly those of from private clinics, from the New York Congress, this commitee initiated a health infectious nature. Infectious diseases have Health Plan, the St. Louis Institute, the inquiry to study what can and should be diminished as a national problem, for with Kaiser Foundation, Group Health Associa- done to provide additional protection for the the identification of the causes of these dis- tion, and others, and next week we shall hear American people against the heavy burden- eases, it has been possible to develop means from the Blue Cross and Blue Shield organi- and all too frequent financial catastrophe, of prevention, control, and, when the dis- zations. In addition, we have heard various arising from the major long-term illnesses. eases occur, their prompt and adequate proposals as to what can or should be done The first phase of the inquiry last October treatment. by members of health commissions, founda- dealt with what is known today about the In the case of noninfectious diseases, im- tions, and others. causes, control, and treatment of the prin- provement has not been so marked. There It has seemed to me, however, that no one cipal diseases. The committee was con- has been an actual increase in the incidence should be in better position to set forth for cerned specifically with finding out just what of and death rate from these, especially those us a concrete proposal of just what can be has been accomplished, how it has been ac- classed as chronic. One of the principal done to provide a real and adequate protec- complished, what the problems are, what the difficulties is lack of knowledge, knowledge tion against these costs than the medical future holds, and what additional steps about the causes of these principal diseases profession itself, as represented in its official might be taken by way of research or other which plague mankind today. Without such organization, the American Medical Associa- measures, to hasten relief from these dread- knowledge, the prevention, control, or cure tion. This is an association of men who have ful diseases, mitigate human suffering, and of many diseases is impossible. dedicated their lives to the mitigation of curtail the losses which disease inflicts upon From the testimony before this committee, human suffering, men devoted to making our national economy. it does not seem that adequate treatment is available the best of medical care to all of Some 95 distinguished physicians, scien- available for such afflictions as heart disease, our people, regardless of their economic tists, and laymen participated in the series cancer, arthritis and rheumatic disorders, status. of discussions which we had, coming volun- cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy. For We, therefore, confidently look to them to tarily and at their own expense, to advise example, the physician knows that after an come forward with a constructive program the members on the current status of knowl- attack of coronary thrombosis or a cerebral to meet this problem, one of the greatest edge in specific fields, to document the ex- hemorrhage, he can aid the patient by treat- facing us today. tent of public and private efforts to find the ing symptons, but he cannot prevent or cure We are happy to welcome here today Dr. causes of and to control disease, and to high- the disorder. He does not fully understand Walter B. Martin, president-elect of the light the health problems and health needs the underlying causes of these ailments and American Medical Association; Dr. Louis H. of the Nation today. is therefore not able to eliminate them. Bauer, a past president of the association; Their testimony presented a dismal cata- Similarly, he may completely remove a malig- and Dr. David B. Allman, chairman of its log of the magnitude of the disease prob- nant growth by surgery, or slow its growth committee on legislation. 774 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 26

Mr. Speaker, the following is an ex- been exaggerated while actual progress to- each age will be lower. Health progress and tract from the testimony of Dr. Walter ward solving them has been minimized. To the number of deaths each successive year lose perspective is to lose judgment. For are simply two different ideas. A physician B. Martin, president-elect of the Amer- this reason, we would like to clarify certain can setting forth never conquer death-he can only post. ican Medical Association, misconceptions which have arisen in regard pone it. Persons who are saved by r.edical some of the accomplishments that have to the Nation's health and medical needs. advances and skills from death at an early been realized in recent years in medical Many of those who testified before this age, later fall victim to the degenerative science. committee indicated that increased medical diseases which now appear to be Increasing. It is as follows: costs were proving financially disastrous to A serious shortage of doctors has been al. families faced with illness or accidents. leged. Actually, we have more doctors than EXTRACT FROM STATEMENT OF THE AMERICAN Medical costs, like all other costs, have risen any other nation, and we have more In pro. MEDICAL ASSOCIATION TO THE COMMITTEE ON in the last few years. Statistics presented by portion to population than any other coun. INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE, HOUSE the United States Department of Labor for try except Israel, which has an abnormal OF REPRESENTATIVES, BY WALTER B. MARTIN, the third quarter of 1952, however, revealed influx of refugee physicians from Europe. For M. D., AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, that living costs had increased 90.8 percent more than 20 years the supply of doctors has JANUARY 28, 1954 since 1935-39, while medical costs had in- been increasing at a faster rate than the gen. Mr. Chairman and members of the com- creased only 65.5 percent in the same period. eral population. It is estimated that the mittee, as you know, the president of our Between 1935-39 and 1950 average weekly period of 1950-60 will bring another 30-per. association, Dr. Edward J. McCormick, of wages rose 165 percent, while physicians' fees cent increase in the supply of physicians. Toledo, Ohio, testified briefly before your climbed only 48 percent. As a result, the av- Today we have a total of 220,104 phvsl. group on October 1, and reviewed the activ- erage person works only 60 percent as long clans-the largest in our history. Of this ities of the American Medical Association in today to pay for the same amount of medical number 159,120 are in active practice. All the field of medical research. Since his ap- services. the rest, except for about 9,700 who are re- pearance, many individuals and organiza- New techniques and new drugs enable phy- tired or not in practice, are serving Ameri- tions have presented their views concerning sicians to shorten length of illnesses and can health needs in research, teaching, the condition of the Nation's health. Fre- reduce hospital stays as well as wage loss. hospitals, and Government service. On the quently, in their testimony, these individuals As a result, the total medical bill for many basis of an estimated population of 160 mil- and organizations have decried the many in- illnesses often actually is less than it was 15 lion in 1953, we now have 1 physician for adequacies in this country's overall medical years ago. every 727 persons, or approximately 1 phy. and health picture. Proof that the cost of medical care pre- sician actually engaged in the practice of The American Medical Association would sents no great problem to the majority of medicine for every 1.000 persons. be the first to admit that despite the re- American families was given in a survey For the fifth consecutive year, the total markable record of medical achievement completed for the Federal Reserve Board number of students enrolled in approved much remains to be accomplished. In prac- last year. Of about 53 million families in the medical schools has established a new record. tically every instance of recognized defi- United States, almost 43 million-over 80 per- The number of students graduated consti. ciency, the AMA has also been the first or- cent-reported no medical debts whatsoever. tutes the largest group ever graduated in ganization to undertake a positive, construc- One million families owed from $200 to 1 academic year. Enrollments in the coun- tive program of action. We know full well $1,000, while another 200,000 owed more than try's 72 medical and 7 basic science schools that certain medical scientific mysteries still $1,000. That would indicate that less than during 1952-53 totaled 27,688, or 2.3 percent must be solved. We are aware that in some 3 percent of all the people in the survey need more than the 27,076 enrolled during 1951-52. areas problems of inadequate supply or im- help to pay their medical bills. The remain- The estimated number of graduates for proper distribution of medical personnel and ing 9 million families were listed as in debt 1953-54 based on enrollments reported for facilities exist. We also realize that the best for medical expenses in amounts varying senior classes in schools, is even greater of medical care should be made available to from $1 to $200. (6,831) than last year (6,668) which exceeded all our citizens, regardless of their economic Some critics point to the increasing death by 279, or 4.4 percent, the previous record status, and that every effort should be made rate from heart disease and cancer as an in- established in 1947, when at the termina- to alleviate the financial burden imposed by dication of a medical crisis. Actually, this tion of the wartime-accelerated program long-term illness. is a heartening sign of great medical progress. several schools graduated more than one We feel, however, that in an effort to cre- The median age at death in the United class. ate public sentiment in support of a Gov- States has jumped from 30 years to 66 years. It is obvious that in the areas of medical ernment-controlled medical-care program, a Twenty years from now, although the death progress, medical cost and doctor supply the distorted picture of the health and medical rate from certain diseases in our aging popu- picture is far brighter than some would have situation in this country has been drawn. lation may be higher, the length of life you believe. We hope that we have clarified At times the magnitude of such problems has Will be greater and the mortality rate for some of these misconceptions.

With a conscience void of offense may the customary morning hour for the SENATE we be given strength equal to the burdens transaction of routine business as in of the day, wisdom sufficient for each legislative session, under the usual 2- TUESDAY, JANUAltY 26, 1954 problem of the hour, and grant that what minute limitation on speeches. we say and do here may be approved not The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob- (Legislative day of Friday,January 22, only by oqir fellow men, but of Thee, O jection, it is so ordered. 1954) God, our strength, our guide, and the Father of our spirits. Through the The Senate met in executive session at struggles of these times lead us to the CALL OF THE ROLL 12 o'clock meridian. universal peace for which we work and The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown pray, while we keep step to music not of Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I Harris, D. D., offered the following this earth, as our hearts sing of a vic- suggest the absence of a quorum. prayer: tory not ours, but Thine, "Glory, glory, The VICE PRESIDENT. The Secre- tary will call the roll. Almighty and most merciful Father, in hallelujah, Thy truth is marching on!" Amen. The Chief Clerk called the roll, and the this quiet moment as we hallow Thy following Senators answered to their name and crave a sense of Thy presence, names: THE JOURNAL deliver us, we pray Thee, from all cold- Aiken Cooper Green ness of heart and grant us the grace of On request of Mr. KNOWLAND, and by Anderson Cordon Griswold unanimous consent, the reading of the Barrett Daniel Hayden true supplication as we draw nigh unto Beall Dirksen Hendrickson Thee. In this uncertain, troubled day Journal of the proceedings of Monday, Bennett Douglas Hickenlooper which may determine the fate of Thy January 25, 1954, was dispensed with. Bricker Duff Hill Burke Dworshak Hoey children for centuries to ' e, Thou hast Bush Eastland Holland called us to battle in the contest between Butler, Md. Ellender Humphrey light and darkness, truth and error. ORDER FOR TRANSACTION OF Butler, Nebr. Ferguson Hunt Byrd Flanders Ives Help us to fight the good fight with all ROUTINE BUSINESS Capehart Frear Jackson our might, to toil valiantly while for us Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I Carlson Fulbrlght Jenner Case George Johnson, Colo. it is called day, in the glorious freedom ask unanimous consent that immediately Chavez Gillette Johnson, Tex. which belongeth to the sons of God. following the quorum call there may be Clements Goldwater Johnston, S. C.